ISSA 51th Annual Convention February -21, 2013 Indian Wells, FLORIDA

French High Traffic Chip Seal

ROUTE ET NERGIE ROUTE ET NERGIE

Comment la chausse peut peser Comment la chausse peser ? sur la consommation despeut vhicules la consommation des vhicules ? Abdeltif sur BELKAHIA & Christine DENEUVILLERS

French High Traffic Chip Seal

I Heavy Traffic definition II Factor affecting heavy traffic chip seal III High traffic Emulsion design challenges

Classification of the traffic in France

Heavy Traffic
Classe of traffic AADHVT

In France : Heavy weight vehicule > 3.5 tonnes (total weight) AADHV = annual average daily heavy weight traffic = number of heavy vehicules per day on the busiest way
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Classification of traffic in France

Class of traffic AADHVT

This classification is used to make choices such as aggregates properties, type of wearing course.

Conversion USA / France

In France : AADHV (1 direction) AADHV = average annual daily only heavy weight traffic In US : AADT (2 directions) AADT = average annual daily traffic + % of Heavy Weight Example : if AADHV = 300 Heavy Weight & Heavy Weight = 10% => AADT = 300 x 2 / 10% = 6000

AADHV (FR) = 300 AADT (US) = 6000

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Conversion USA / France

French class of traffic AADHWT

AADT

French High traffic starts at AADT > 6 000

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Conversion USA / France

A heavy weight in France
Max 13 tonnes / Axle Average 6.5 tonnes / Axle

A heavy weight in US
Max 8.1 tonnes / Axle Average 4.0 tonnes / Axle

=> aggressiveness coefficient

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French High Traffic Chip Seal

I Heavy Traffic definition II Factor affecting heavy traffic chip seal III High traffic Emulsion design challenges

II Factor affecting Heavy traffic Chip Seals

Aggregate properties Binder properties Chip Seal structure Binder spray rate adjustment

Aggregate Toughness & Durability

MICRO DEVAL

LOS ANGELES

Aggregates for High traffic level => A or B

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Aggregate properties
Aggregates for High traffic level

Cleanliness <0.5% Flakiness index <15% Gradation & angularity

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II Heavy traffic
Aggregate properties Binder properties Chip Seal structure Binder spray rate adjustment

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Binder properties
Cohesion specification Modification (latex, SBS)

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Heavy traffic
Aggregate properties Binder properties Chip Seal structure Binder spray rate adjustment

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High traffic Chip Seal structure

Single Chip Seal with Choke stone

Good for low roughness Double Chip Seal

Good for high roughness

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II Heavy traffic
Aggregate properties Binder properties Chip Seal structure Binder spray rate adjustment

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Binder spray rate adjustment

- 11% to -15%

Time of laying : Summer (JuneAugust)

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French High Traffic Ship Seal

I Heavy Traffic definition II Factor affecting heavy traffic chip seal III High traffic Emulsion design challenges

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III High traffic Emulsion design challenges

Viscosity Cohesion Build up ACTE Test TREEC test

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High traffic level Emulsion Viscosity

High traffic level PMA or latex The viscosity can decrease Possible addition of thickener

Too low viscosity => flow off the pavement

Too high viscosity => Stripe => loss of chips

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Emulsion with thickener

Emulsion without thickener

Efflux time (4 mm / 25C)

Dynamic Viscosity (D=2 s-1)

8s
2000 mPa.s

8s 140 mPa.s
Newtonian Fluid
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Discriminating test which makes it possible to adjust the thickener content

Shear thinning Fluid

High traffic level emulsion

Good viscosity range

LIMITS
Dynamic Viscosity (D=2 s-1) mPa.s

Min
300

Max 1000

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III High traffic Emulsion design challenges

Viscosity Cohesion Build up ACTE Test TREEC test

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ACTE = Abrasion Cohsion Test

High traffic level chip seals quick return to traffic
ACTE test evaluate Ag&Em interaction
1) Emulsion + Aggregate => Single layer Chip seal sample 2) Curing time (15, 30, 60 & 120 min) 3) 1 min abrasion with flexible hose (600 g)

% retained aggregates
What is the correlation with the job site ?
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ACTE test : correlation with the job site

% retained aggregates

Curing time (mn)

Sample of aggregate & emulsion from all the french subsidaries

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ACTE TEST : influence of the aggregate nature

90 80

% de granulats retenus

70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0 15 30 60 120

Gabbro Diorites Granites Magmatique ruptif Roches mtamorphiques

Magmatic Aggregates

Temps de cure (min)

No possible prediction Important interaction between aggregate & emulsion

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 ACTE test : Interaction between Aggregate & Emulsion

Less effect with high concentration emulsion

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ACTE test specifications

90 80
82 85 87 86

% de granulats retenus Retained agreggates %

70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0 15
25 50

Quick setting
70 60

80 70

Moderate Setting

50

Moyenne

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Slow setting

Curing time (mn) Temps de cure

30

60

(min)

120

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ACTE test classification

CLASSE 2 : MINIMUM CLASSE 1 : MINIMUM

100

Class 2 : Very good

% of stuck aggregates

90 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0 15 30 60 Curing time (min) 120

80 70 60 50 50 70

Class 1 : Good Class 0 : Poor (fail)

30 25

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ACTE test conclusion

Prediction and classification of aggregate / emulsion

interaction 5 years of data Good feedback

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II. Improve cohesion build up

Emulsion spray bar Breaking Agent spray bar

EMULCOL PROCESS
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I. Improve cohesion build up

CLASSE 2 : MINIMUM CLASSE 1 : MINIMUM Without breaking agent With breaking agent

Classe 2 : Very good

% of retained aggregates

100 90 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0 15 30 60

Classe 1 : Good

Classe 0 : Poor

120

Curing time (min)

EMULCOL PROCESS
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III High traffic Emulsion design challenges

Viscosity Cohesion Build up ACTE Test TREEC test

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High traffic level Emulsion Setting

High traffic level PMA or latex The cohesion build up can decrease Risk => Not complete breaking of emulsion & Skinning

Slow setting

Skinning
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TREEC : Breaking time per evaporation of a thin film of a cationic bitumen Emulsion

TREEC test use : prevent skinning on job site

climatic chamber (30C-50%)

Material

ote C

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TREEC : Breaking time per evaporation of a thin film of a cationic bitumen Emulsion
Note ANote A skin Free emulsion Breaking in the mass Note A+ Note BNote B Traces of liquid Film of homogeneous residual binder Note B+ Note C

Note A

Note B

Note C
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TREEC : Breaking time per evaporation of a thin film of a cationic bitumen Emulsion
Note ANote A skin Free emulsion Breaking in the mass Note A+ Note BNote B Traces of liquid Film of homogeneous residual binder Note B+ Note C

SPECIFICATION : Note B after 1h for a rapid setting 69% concentration emulsion

TREEC Test :Help high traffic level modified emulsion design

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Job sites
2011 / 2012
Highly modified emulsion experimental job sites
Cohesion > 1.2 J / cm

Quick setting Emulsion & Emulcol process High viscosity emulsion

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Job sites

ASPHALT DISTRIBUTOR

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Job sites

EMULCOL PROCESS

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Job sites

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Job sites

CHIP SPREADER & ROLLER

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Job sites

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Conclusion
Validated Methodology
Correlation lab/ job sites

Perspective :
Sustainable High traffic chip seals Efficient preservation technique Management of the road asset

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www.colas.com

Cold Techniques Division

COLAS Campus for Science and Techniques Research and Development department
belkahia@campus.colas.fr
+ 33 1 39 30 93 23 + 33 6 69 62 19 85
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Abdeltif BELKAHA

4, rue Jean Mermoz 78772 Magny les Hameaux