Escolar Documentos
Profissional Documentos
Cultura Documentos
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Course Outline
LTE Network Architecture and Networking Components Air Interface Quick Review Standard Interfaces and key protocol stacks Radio System Identifiers Tunnels, Connections and Bearers System Acquisition and Synchronization Idle Mode and Paging g g UE Attach to the Network (Registration procedures) Connected Mode and UE States Network Performance Evaluation and Optimization issues Mobility, Interoperability and Handover Management Lets setup and process various LTE call flows and scenarios Review, Summary and conclusion
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OFDM, OFDMA
Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing; g Frequency q y Division Muliple p Access Orthogonal The signal consists of many (from dozens to thousands) of thin carriers carrying symbols In O OFDMA, , the e symbols sy bo s a are e for o multiple u p e use users s OFDM provides dense spectral efficiency and robust resistance to fading, with great flexibility of use
MIMO
MIMO
Multiple Input Multiple Output An An ideal companion to OFDM OFDM, MIMO allows exploitation of multiple antennas at the base station and the mobile to effectively multiply g p for the base station and users the throughput
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In generic OFDM, users are assigned fractions of the total subcarriers available on a stable stable, continuing basis OFDMA means Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiple Access OFDMA uses dynamic scheduling to package each users data flow into an appropriate number of subcarriers based on the users user s immediate needs This assures effective utilization of the total capacity of the downlink signal, and good compliance with QoS goals
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The uplink uses SC-FDMA with some dynamic multiple of 4 15-khz subcarriers to carrier the information Modulation can be QPSK, 16QAM or 64QAM for conditions SC-FDMA has a low Peak-to-Average Power Ratio (PAPR) which provides more transmit power and longer battery life
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In Frequency Division Duplex, separate identical blocks of frequencies are available for base stations (eNB) and mobiles (UE) to transmit independently at the same time This frequency division duplex mode is used virtually everywhere in North o t America e ca a and d is st the e most ost p prevalent e a e t mode ode in t the e rest est o of t the e world In FDD mode, LTE radio frames are 10 ms long Each frame is composed of 10 subframes, each 1 ms long Each subframe is composed of two slots, each 0.5 ms long
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Type 2 - TDD
In some cases, governments assign a wireless operator a single block of frequencies to use for an LTE system In this case, transmitting and receiving must alternate with each other, like one lane traffic in a construction site The forward link is transmitted discontinuously, alternating with the reverse link li k on th the same f frequency This arrangement allows effective LTE operation in a small amount of spectrum, but does limit the capacity of the system The Th figure fi shows h th the subdivision bdi i i of f ti time i into t uplink li k and dd downlink li k periods, with the additional requirement of guard periods between
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One Resource Element is the smallest part of the LTE DL signal Its what one subcarrier can do in just one modulation symbol One Resource Block is the smallest usable piece of the signal Its It what h t 12 subcarriers b i can d do d during i a whole h l slot, l t 0 0.5 5 ms In one slot, a subcarrier normally carries 7 symbols
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On the reverse link, there are two ways to assign subcarrier frequencies to UEs One is Localized Subcarriers, which gives one user a single block of adjacent carriers this can be vulnerable to selective fading, but frequency control is not as critical The other is Distributed Subcarriers this provides superior protection against selective fading this requires very precise frequency control to avoid interference
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The Evolved Packet System (EPS) and Evolved Packet Core (EPC) Overview
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EPC
MME
S-GW
Mobility Anchoring
P-GW
UE IP Address Allocation Packet Filtering
Internet
S1
PHY
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GERAN UTRAN
WCDMA /HSPA radio Networks
Gb
Policy and Charging Rules Function
PCRF Rx+
Home Subscriber Server Super HLR
HSS SGi
Operators IP Services
S1
Ref Pt.
MME UPE
IASA
Uu
S2b,c
WLAN 3GPP IP access
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Non-3GPP IP access
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NAS signaling Mobility between 3GPP Ans Idle mode UE connectivity Gb P-GW and S-GW selection SGSN selection at HO Iu Authentication Bearer Establishment
GERAN UTRAN
Mobility y Anchor Packet Routing Idle Mode GPRS packet buffering CORE SGSN & DL initiation Legal Interception
S12
UE IP Address allocation Packet Screening g & Rules Function Policy and Charging Filtering Policy Enforcement PCRF $Charging Support Legal Interception
WCDMA /HSPA radio Networks Mobility Management Entity User Plane Entity
S11
S8a
S3
S7
Rx+
S4
S6a PDN
Gateway
HSS SGi
Inter Access System Anchor
S1-MME MME
UPE
S10
Serving Gateway
Operators IP Services
IASA
Uu
S1-U
Non-3GPP IP access
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Gateway
Mobility Management g Entity Packet Data Serving Node Serving Gateway y Support Node Enhanced Node B
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GERAN UTRAN
PCRF S7 Rx+
Home Subscriber Server Super HLR
WCDMA /HSPA radio Networks Mobility Management Entity User Plane Entity
S8a
S4
S6a
PDN Gateway
HSS SGi
Inter Access System Anchor
S1-MME MME
UPE
S10
Serving Gateway
IASA
Uu
S1-U
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eNB
RRC PDCP RLC MAC PHY
MME
NAS
CONTROL PLANE
The NAS protocol is used for network attach, authentication, setting up bearers, and mobility management The RRC in eNB makes handover decisions decisions, pages UEs UEs, sends system information, controls UE measurements, assigns cell-level temporary identifiers to UEs, transfers UE contexts in handovers The PDCP compresses/decompresses headers; does ciphering The RLC formats and transports traffic between UE and eNB The MAC layer implements HARQ The Th PHY layer l uses adaptive d ti modulation d l ti and d coding di t to protect t t data from errors and keep rates optimally high
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Th The PDCP compresses/decompresses /d headers h d and d does d ciphering The RLC formats and transports traffic between UE and eNB, and implements outer ARQ The MAC layer implements HARQ The PHY layer uses adaptive modulation and coding to protect data from errors and keep rates optimally high
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The X2 Interface
eNodeB X2AP SCTP IP L2 L1 eNodeB X2AP SCTP IP L2 L1 eNodeB GTP-U UDP IP L2 L1 eNodeB GTP-U UDP IP L2 L1
X2 Control Plane
X2 User Plane
The X2 Interface connects eNodeBs with one another Usually routed via the same transport connection used by S1 used only for control plane data but during handover it can be used temporarily p y for user data forwarding g X2 control plane uses SCTP (Stream Control Transmission Protocol) for reliable delivery of control data between eNBs X2 user plane is sufficiently reliable using ordinary UDP X2AP (X2 Application Protocol) functions are Management of Intra-LTE mobility (HO msg. over X2 interface) Load management for inter-cell interference coordination by sharing resource, load, and traffic details Setting up and resetting the X2 interface
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X2 Protocol Stack
The transport layer over X2 is IP based. GTP-U GTP U protocol over UDP over IP transports data streams on the X2 interface. There may be zero or one UL data stream and zero or one DL data stream per E-RAB at the X2 interface. The DL stream is used for DL data forwarding from the source eNB to the target eNB. The UL stream is used for UL data forwarding g from the source eNB to the target eNB. Each data stream is carried on a dedicated transport bearer. The identity of a transport bearer signaled in the RNL control plane consists of the IP address and the TEID of the corresponding GTP tunnel, allocated by the target eNB eNB.
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UE-Associated S1 or X2 Connections
Control plane messages (S1AP, X2AP) associated with the UE are sent on the logical S1 or X2 connection. This connection is set up at the first S1/X2AP exchange between peer nodes. The connection is maintained as long as messages are exchanged. The UE-associated logical S1-connection uses the identities MME UE S1AP ID and eNB UE S1AP ID. The UE-associated logical X2-connection uses the identities Old eNB UE X2AP ID and New eNB UE X2AP ID. When an MME or eNB receives a UE associated S1/X2AP message it retrieves ti th the associated i t d UE b based d on S1/X2AP ID. ID UE-associated signaling is an exchange of S1/X2-AP messages for one UE over the UE-associated logical S1/X2-connection. NOTE: The UE-associated logical S1/X2-connection may exist before the eNB UE context is setup in eNB.
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LTE Bearers
In LTE, , data plane p a e traffic t a c travels t a e s over o e virtual tua connections co ect o s ca called ed service data flows (SDFs). SDFs travel over bearers: Virtual containers with unique QoS characteristics. A bearer is a datapath between UE and PDN, in three segments: Radio bearer between UE and eNodeB Data bearer between eNodeB and SGW (S1 bearer) Data bearer between SGW and PGW (S5 bearer)
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System Acquisition
S Searching hi In I Frequency F S Searching hi In I Time Ti
At power-up, the UE notes its LTE band class capabilities and begins exploring the frequencies used for the SCH in each band The UE first looks for the primary synchronization signal (P-SCH) in the last OFDM symbol of the first time slot of the first subframe (subframe 0) in each radio frame. It reads symbol timing, and learns which of three cell identities is being transmitted, and locks its freqencies to the eNB. The UE next searches for the (S-SCH) secondary synchronization signal, and dl learns which hi h of f 170 cell ll id identities titi i is b being i t transmitted. itt d F From thi this it decodes the PCI, physical cell identity, and the frame boundaries The UE next finds the RS sequence and learns antenna port configuration Now the UE can decode the P P-BCH BCH and apply cell selection and reselection criteria
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Qrxlevmeas is the UE-measured receive level value for this cell, i.e. the Reference Signal Received Power (RSRP Qrxlevmin is the minimum required receive level in this cell, in dBm. Qrxlevminoffset is an offset to Qrxlevmin that is only taken into account as a result of a periodic search for a higher priority PLMN while camped normally in a Visitor PLMN (VPLMN). PCompensation is a maximum function. PEMAX is maximum power allowed for a UE in this cell. PUMAX is maximum for power class A UE may discover cells from different network operators. First the UE will look for the strongest cell per carrier, Then the PLMN identity y from the SIB Type yp 1 to see if suitable, , Then it will compute the S criterion and decide if suitable
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RRC Connection
RRC Connection Setup procedure triggered by a request from UE NAS layer UE origination, NAS signaling, or Paging Response RRC connection ti is i established t bli h d b between t UE and d eNB NB and d SRB1 i is set t up If overloaded, eNodeB sets access class barring parameters in SRB1 If UE has valid S-TMSI, UE includes it in RRC connection request message; otherwise 40 bit random value otherwise, After successful RRC connection procedure, UE is in RRC-Connected state
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Measurement Limitations of UE
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Introduction to Handover
With the fast-changing mobile landscape and convergence in all aspects of telecommunications, seamless seamless handover handover is important for any technology to succeed. Operators and consumers both benefit from seamless handover in terms of cost effectiveness, enhanced features, location independence and ease of use, not only within a Long Term Evolution (LTE) network but also between networks including UMTS, GSM and CDMA. In I this thi chapter h t we briefly b i fl touch t h upon the th procedures d executed t db by the user equipment (UE) and the various network elements to provide the handover services requested by the UE. We cover Intra-LTE and LTE to/from UMTS handovers.
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Handover Types
In 3G and LTE networks, a hybrid approach is used to decide on the handover. The Th UE will ill assist i t in i the th h handoff d ff d decision i i b by measuring i th the neighboring cells and reporting the measurements to the network The network decides upon the handoff timing and the target cell/node. The parameters to measure and the thresholds for reporting are decided by the network network. In LTE there are three types of handovers: Intra-LTE: Handover happens within the current LTE nodes (intra-MME and Intra-SGW) Inter-LTE: Handover happens toward the other LTE nodes (inter-MME and Inter-SGW) Inter-RAT: Inter RAT: Handover between different radio technology networks, for example GSM/UMTS and UMTS
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Flow Examples
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The Data call is already established between the UE, S-eNB and network elements. Data packets are already flowing to/from the UE on both DL & UL UL.
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The Network sends a MEASUREMENT CONTROL REQ message to the UE to set the measurement parameters and thresholds thresholds. The UE is instructed to send measurement report when thresholds are met.
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The UE sends a MEASUREMENT REPORT to the S S-eNB eNB as soon as thresholds are met. The S-eNB decides to hand UE off to a T-eNB using network operators handover algorithm. operators
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Optionally S-eNB issues RESOURCE STATUS REQUEST message to determine the load on T-eNB. Based on received RESOURCE STATUS RESPONSE, , the S-eNB can decide whether to continue the handover procedure using the X2 interface.
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The S-eNB issues a HANDOVER REQUEST message to the TeNB with UE and RB contexts to prepare handover at the target.
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T-eNB checks availability, reserves resources and sends back HANDOVER REQUEST ACKNOWLEDGE message including i l di a transparent container for the UE as an RRC message to perform the handover. The container includes a new C-RNTI C-RNTI, T-eNB security algorithm identifiers for the selected security algorithms, and may include a dedicated RACH preamble and possibly some other parameters (i.e., access parameters, SIBs, etc.).
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The S-eNB generates the RRC message to perform the handover, i.e, RRCCONNECTION RECONFIGURATION message including the mobility Control Information. The S-eNB performs the necessary integrity protection and ciphering of the message and sends it to the UE UE.
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The S S-eNB eNB sends the eNB STATUS TRANSFER message to the T-eNB to convey the PDCP and HFN status of the E-RABs.
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The S-eNB starts forwarding the downlink data packets to the TeNB for all the data bearers (which are being established in the TeNB during the HANDOVER REQ message processing).
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In the meantime, the UE tries to access the T-eNB cell using the non-contention-based Random Access Procedure.
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If it succeeds in accessing the target cell, it sends the RRC CONNECTION RECONFIGURATION COMPLETE to the T T-eNB eNB.
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The T-eNB sends a PATH SWITCH REQUEST message to the MME to t inform i f it that th t the th UE has h changed h d cells, ll including i l di the th TAI+ECGI of the target. The MME determines that the SGW can continue to serve the UE.
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The MME sends a MODIFY BEARER REQUEST (eNodeB address dd and d TEIDs TEID f for d downlink li k user plane l f for th the accepted t d EPS bearers) message to the SGW. If the PDN GW requested the UEs location info, the MME also includes the User Location Information g IE in this message.
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The SGW sends one or more end end marker marker packets on the old path to the S-eNB and then can release any user plane / TNL resources toward the S-eNB.
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1 15. Th The MME responds d to the h T T-eNB NB with i h a PATH SWITCH REQ ACK message to notify the completion of the handover.
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User data packets now flow between the SGW and the UE.
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The T-eNB now requests the S-eNB to release the resources using the X2 UE CONTEXT RELEASE message message. With this, this the handover procedure is complete.
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Flow Examples
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The UE is sending and receiving user data on both the uplink and downlink.
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The S-eNB sends an RRC: Measurement Control message to the UE, instructing it to take certain measurements at specific intervals and dt to report t the th results lt when h specific ifi criteria it i are met. t The UE sets to work taking the requested measurements and performing comparisons against the specified criteria.
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The UE notices that measurements have satisfied the specified criteria It sends an RRC: Measurement Report to the Currently criteria. Serving eNB. The handover procedure in this section is very similar to that in the previous section (Intra-LTE Handover Using the X2 Interface), Interface) except the involvement of the MME in relaying the handover signaling between the S-eNB and T-eNB.
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The Serving eNB sends an eNB Status Transfer message to the MME
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The Serving eNB sends a Forward User Data message to the SGW by GTP protocol
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The MME sends an MME Status Transfer message to the Target eNB
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The UE sends an RRC Connection Reconfiguration Complete message to the Target eNB
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The MME sends a Modify Bearer Request message to the SGW by GTP
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User U d data packets k now fl flow b between the h UE and d the h SGW SGW.
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The T-eNB sends an S1AP UE Context Release Command to the the S-eNB.
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The S-eNB confirms the requested UE context release by sending the MME an S1AP UE Context Release Complete message message.
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Flow Examples
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The UE is sending and receiving user data on both the uplink and downlink.
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The Serving MME sends a Forward Relocation Request to the Target MME by GTP
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The Target eNB sends a Handover Request Acknowledgment to the Target MME
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The Target MME sends a Forward Relocation Response to the Serving MME
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Th The S Serving i eNB NB sends d an eNB NB St Status t T Transfer f to t the th Serving S i MME, which forwards it to the Target MME
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The Target MME sends an eNB Status Transfer to the Target eNB
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The Serving eNB sends Forward User data to the SGW by GTP
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The SGW sends Forward User Data to the Target eNB by GTP
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The Target eNB sends a Handover Notify message to the Target MME
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The Target MME sends a Modify Bearer Request to the SGW by GTP
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The SGW sends a Modify Bearer Response to the Target MME by GTP
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The Target MME sends a Forward Relocation Complete message t the to th Serving S i MME
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The Serving MME sends a Forward Relocation Complete Acknowledgment to the Target MME
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Flow Examples
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The UE is sending and receiving user data on both the uplink and downlink.
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The S-eNB sends RRC Measurement Procedures to the UE The UE p performs the requested q measurements The S-eNB receives information when specified thresholds are exceeded, triggering need for a handover
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The serving MME sends a Forward Relocation Request to the target MME
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The Target MME sends a Create Session Request to the Target SGW by GTP
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The Target SGW sends a Create Session Request to the Target MME by GTP
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The Target eNB sends a handover Request Acknowledgment to the Target MME
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The Target MME sends a Forward Relocation Request to the Serving MME using GTP
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The Serving eNB sends an eNB Status Transfer to the Target MME
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The Target MME sends an eNB Status Transfer to the Target eNB
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The Serving eNB sends Forward User Data to the Target eNB
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The UE performs the Non-Contention Non Contention RACH Procedure on the Target eNB
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The UE sends an RRC Connection Reconfiguration Complete message to the Target eNB
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The Target eNB sends a Handover Notify message to the Target MME
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The Target MME sends a Modify Bearer Request to the Target SGW using GTP
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The Target SGW sends a Modify Bearer Response to the Target MME by GTP
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The Target MME sends a Forward Relocation Complete message to the Serving MME
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The Serving MME sends a UE Context Release Command to the S i eNB Serving NB
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The Serving MME sends a Forward Relocation Completion acknowledgment to the Target MME
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The Serving eNB sends a UE Context release Complete to the Serving MME
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The Serving MME sends a Delete Session Request to the Serving SGW
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U-Plane Handling
The U-plane handling during the Intra-E-UTRAN-Access mobility activity for UEs in ECM-CONNECTED takes the following principles into account to avoid data loss d i HO during HO: During HO preparation U-plane tunnels can be established between the source eNB and the target eNB. There is one tunnel established for uplink data forwarding and another one for downlink data forwarding for each E-RAB for which data forwarding is applied applied. During HO execution, user data can be forwarded from the source eNB to the target eNB. The forwarding may take place in a service and deployment dependent and implementation specific way. Forwarding F di of f downlink d li k user d data t f from th the source t to the th target t t eNB NB should h ld take place in order as long as packets are received at the source eNB from the EPC or the source eNB buffer has not been emptied. During HO completion: The target eNB sends a PATH SWITCH message to MME to inform that the UE has gained access and MME sends a USER PLANE UPDATE REQUEST message to the Serving Gateway, the U-plane path is switched by the Serving Gateway from the source eNB to the target eNB. The source eNB should continue forwarding of U-plane data as long as packets are received at the source eNB from the Serving Gateway or the source eNB buffer has not been emptied.
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Path Switch
After the downlink path is switched at the Serving GW downlink packets on the forwarding path and on the new direct path may arrive interchanged at the target eNB. The target eNodeB should first deliver all forwarded packets to the UE before delivering any of the packets received on the new direct path. The method employed in the target eNB to enforce the correct delivery order of packets is outside the scope of the standard. In order to assist the reordering function in the target eNB, the Serving GW shall send one or more "end marker packets on the old path immediately after switching the path for each E-RAB of the UE UE. The "end marker" packet shall not contain user ser data data. The "end marker" is indicated in the GTP header. After completing the sending of the tagged packets the GW shall not send any further user data packets via the old path. Upon receiving the "end marker" packets, the source eNB shall, if forwarding is activated for that bearer, forward the packet toward the target eNB. On detection of an "end marker" the target eNB shall discard the end marker packet and initiate any necessary processing to maintain in sequence delivery of user data forwarded over X2 interface and user data received from the serving GW over S1 as a result of the path switch. On detection of the "end marker", the target eNB may also initiate the release of the data forwarding resource. resource However, However the release of the data forwarding resource is implementation dependent and could also be based on other mechanisms (e.g. timer-based mechanism). EPC may change the uplink end-point of the tunnels with Path Switch procedure. However, the EPC should keep the old GTP tunnel end-point(s) sufficiently long time in order to minimise the probability of packet losses and avoid unintentional release of respective E-RAB(s).
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Course 502
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11. Lets Setup and Process various LTE Call Flows and Scenarios
11-1 Lets Attach the UE to the Network 11 2 Lets 11-2 Let s setup a Default Bearer; a Dedicated Bearer 11-3 Lets process an incoming data call; an outgoing data call 11-4 Lets watch and follow various handover scenarios 11-5 Lets setup a Voice-over-IP (VoIP) call 11-6 Lets setup a Broadband connection and a video call over LTE
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Flow Examples
Initial Attach
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The MME confirms setup of the S1AP interface by sending an S1 Setup Successful Outcome message to the eNB S1 Setup: This is where eNB is attached to the network. As long g the eNB is functioning the S1 setup remains.
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The UE sends an RRC Connection Setup Complete message g to the eNB The message contains an NAS attachment request and a PDN connectivity request RRC Connections: Once UE comes up a RRC connection is established for communication with the network.
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The eNB sends the requests on to the MME NAS Attach Request PDN connectivity y request q NAS: After RRC is established then the NAS signaling begins . UE sends Attach request along with PDN connectivity request to network. Attach is for attaching to the network and the other message are for establishing the bearers.
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The MME sends an Authentication Info Request to the HSS HSS: This is Home Subscriber System and it understands diameter protocol. protocol Once MME receives Attach Request Request, it queries HSS for authentication details. HSS sends the authentication vectors to MME in Authentication Info Answer
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The MME now has sufficient information to begin authentiation of the UE The MME sends an S1AP DL NAS Transport and NAS message containing the Authentication Request
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The eNB sends a RRC DL info Transfer and NAS message to the UE, containing the Authentication Request Authentication/Security: Networks request Authentication Vectors f from UE. UE O Once UE provides id them, th MME compares them th with ith what h t HSS has sent. If they match UE is authenticated. Next is security. After the security all the NAS messages are encrypted using the security algorithms that were exchanged.
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The UE replies with an RRC UL info transfer and NAS message including an NAS Authentication Response
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The eNB sends an S1AP UL NAS transport and NAS message g the Authentication Response p containing
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The MME p processes the authentication response p and if successful, sends a DL NAS Transport and NAS message containing a Security Mode Command to the eNB.
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The eNB sends a DL Info Transfer and NAS message including the Security Mode Command to the UE.
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The UE confirms it has applied the Security Mode Command by sending to the eNB a UL Info Transfer and NAS message containing Security Mode Complete
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The eNB forwards a UL NAS Transport and NAS message to the t the t e Security Secu ty Mode ode Co Complete p ete deta details. s MME with
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Now the MME is able to send a Create Session Request q to the SGW. After security mode is complete, all the NAS messages are encrypted using the security algorithms that were exchanged.
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Th The PGW sends d aP Proxy Bi Binding di U Update/ACK d /ACK message to the h SGW using PMIP
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Flow Examples
UE Detach
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LTE UE Detach
The UE is attached to this network. It decides to detach. In the following pages, It sends a detach request message to network. Network deletes the EPS bearers then the radio bearers are torn down. Finally RRC connection is released.
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LTE UE Detach
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LTE UE Detach
The eNB sends to the MME an UL NAS Transport + NAS g containing g a Detach request q message
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LTE UE Detach
The MME sends a Delete Session Request q to the SGW using g GTP protocol.
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LTE UE Detach
The SGW sends the PGW a PMIP Proxy Binding Update, deleting the EPS bearers.
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LTE UE Detach
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LTE UE Detach
The SGW sends a Delete Session Response message by GTP to the MME MME.
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LTE UE Detach
The MME updates the HSS on the UEs detachment with a Notify Request
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LTE UE Detach
The HSS confirms it has received the notification by sending a Notify Answer to the MME
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LTE UE Detach
Now the MME sends the eNB a DL NAS Transport + NAS Detach A Accept t
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LTE UE Detach
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LTE UE Detach
The UE confirms to the eNB by sending an RRC Connection Reconfiguration Complete message
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LTE UE Detach
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LTE UE Detach
The eNB responds to the MME with a UE Context Release Complete message
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LTE UE Detach
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Flow Examples
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MME has traffic for specific p UE. It sends Page g message g to all eNBs in UEs current tracking area (TA).
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UE recognizes the page and responds by sending RRC Connection Request message to eNB
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UE sends eNB a RRC Connection Setup Complete message and NAS message including Attach Request and PDN Connectivity Request
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eNB sends Initial UE Message + NAS attach request and PDN connectivity request to MME
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MME sends eNB Initial Context Setup request + NAS Activate Default EPS Bearer Context Request and Attach Accept
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eNB sends UE an RRC Connection Reconfig and NAS Activate Default EPS bearer context request and Attach Accept
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UE sends eNB an RRC UL Info Transfer and NAS Activate Default EPS bearer context accept and Attach Accept
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eNB sends to MME UL NAS Transport and NAS Activate Default EPS Bearer B Context C t t Accept A t and d Attach Att h Accept A t
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Flow Examples
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UE sends RRC Connection Setup Complete and NAS Attach Request and PDN Connectivity Request to eNB
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eNB sends Initial UE Message and NAS Attach Request and PDN Connectivity Request to MME
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MME sends eNB an Initial Context Setup Request and NAS Activate Default EPS Bearer Context request and Attach Accept
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eNB sends UE an RRC Connection Reconfiguration and NAS A ti t Default Activate D f lt EBS Bearer B Context C t t Request R t and d Attach Att h Accept A t
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UE sends eNB RRC UL Info Transfer NAS Activate Default EPS Bearer Context Accept and Attach Accept
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eNB sends MME a UL NAS Transport + NAS Activate Default EPS Bearer Context Accept and Attach Complete
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Flow Examples
Random Access
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To access the system for services, the idle UE performs the Random Access Procedure Procedure. The procedure deals with physical layer radio considerations such as contention between UEs and uncertain required UE transmit power to be successfully p y received at the eNodeB. The first step of the procedure is for the UE to send a Random Access Preamble. The Preamble allows the eNB to estimate the transmission timing of the terminal.
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Next the network transmits a Random Access Response. This consists of timing advance command to adjust the terminal transmit timing, g, based on timing g measurement received in the first step. In addition to establishing uplink synchronization this step also assigns uplink resources to be used in next steps to the terminal. i l A Temporary identity is also assigned to UE for further communication with the network. This response is sent on PDCCH PDCCH.
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The Third step consists of transmission of mobile terminal identity to the network using UL-SCH. The exact content of this signal depends on the state of the terminal (whether the network previously knows it or not). (RRC_IDLE)
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The fourth step step consists of contention resolution message from network to terminal on DL-SCH
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LTE Packets
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Flow Examples
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tracking
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The UTE moves away from the LTE network and into the UTRAN/GERAN service area
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The Old MME sends an SGSN Context Response to the Gn/Gp SGSN
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The Gn/Gp SGSN sends a SGSN Context ACK to the Old MME
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The Gn/Gp SGSN sends an Update PDP Context Request to the PGW
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Th The PGW sends d an Update U d t PDP Context C t t Response R to t the th Gn/Gp G /G SGSN
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The HSS sends an Insert Subscriber Data message to the Gn/Gp SGSN
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The Gn/Gp SGSN sends an Insert Subscriber Data Ack to the HSS
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Kyocera
NEC
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eNB Developments
Xilinx's LTE Baseband Targeted Design Platform Serves as complete LTE eNB channel card Intended for incorporation in manufacturers LTE eNBs http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0n3Fbbca21Y&feature=channel
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