GENERAL PHYSIOLOGY SBF 1013

PRACTICAL REPORT

LECTURE NAME DR. HANISOM BINTI ABDULLAH.

STUDENT GROUP - C

STUDENT NAME NOR HAZIRAH AMALINA BINTI CHE HUSSAIN ( E20121003676 ) HANIN JUAINI BINTI MOHD RAZI ( E20121003681 ) NUR HANISA BT HAPENDI (E20121003509) NUR FARRAHIN BT ABDOL RAHMAN (E20121003718)

TITLE

: Plant structures ( Water transportation in plants )

EXERCISE

: Laboratory 4a.

OBJECTIVE

: To observed the water transportation in plants.

PREDICTION

: The water will travel from the glass to the celery making it change color.

MATERIAL

: Celery stalk with leaves. Razor blade, food colouring ( red ) that have been dissolve with water and beaker ( 250 mL )

PROCEDURE

: 1. In 250 ml of beaker, food colouring that have been dissolved with water was added. 2. A piece of celery is taken and cutted about an inch off the bottom of the stalk. 3. On the beaker prepared earlier, the celery is placed. 4. In the laboratory condition ( room temperature, normal laboratory lightning ) the setup were placed. 5. For each 30 min for three hours, one day and two days, the reaction were recorded.

RESULT

TIME / HOURS. 1 1 2 2 3 1 days. 2 days

OBSERVATION. No changes. No changes. No changes. No changes. Red colour reach 1.57 cm cm of celery stalk. Red colour reach 1.67 cm cm of celery stalk. Red colour reach about 6 cm of celery stalk. Red colour reach leaves of celery stalk.

DISCUSSION

: 1. Is there any reaction after 3 hours ? Yes. 2. When does the reaction could be observed in your experiment ? The reaction could be observed after 2 hours 30 minutes. 3. Briefly describe the observation found in question 2. Water travels up the stem of a plant through long thin tubes called Xylem. Water moves up these tubes through a process called Capillary Action. Molecules of water are attracted to molecules that make up the tube. Water molecules at the top are pulled up, and they attract the water molecules underneath them, and so pull them up the tube too. 4. If the setup is placed under hot sunlight for two days, will the reaction takes place earlier or later relatively to the observation found in your study ? Explain your assumption. If the setup is placed under hot sunlight for two days, the reaction will take place earlier than to the observation in our experiment. This is becaus in high light intensity, light stimulates the stomata to open allowing gas exchange for photosynthesis, and as a side effect this also increases transpiration. This is a problem for some plants as they may lose water during the day and wilt. 5. If the setup is exposed to wind blow of an electric operated fan with a constant speed for two days, will the reaction takes place earlier or later comparatively to those found in your experiment ? Why ? The reaction will take place later comparatively to those found in this experiment because wind make the rate of water losses increase in plant so that the rate of respiration n rate photosynthesis will decrease.

6. Name the factors that could have an effect on rate of transpiration. Factors that could have an effect on rate of transpiration are temperature, humidity, light intensity, wind and atmospheric pressure.

CONCLUSION

: The water traveled up the xylem tubes to the celery leaves. The color moves through the xylem allowing the color to be distributed throughout the cells of the celery stalk causing their color to change.

REFERENCES

: 1. Peter A. Raven, Ray F. Evert, Susan E. Eichhorn (1999). Biology of Plants. W.H. Freeman and Company. pp. 576577 2. Campbell, Neil (2002). Biology. San Francisco, CA: Pearson Education, Inc. p. 759.