ANALYSIS OF STROKE-RATE PERFORMANCE OF NATIONAL SWIMMERS IN PON RIAU 2012 Zafar Sidik, D. & Affari, L.

Faculty of Sport & Health Education, Major of Coaching, Indonesian University of Education

Abstract: The aim of this study was to analyze stroke-rate performance of national swimmers who had competed in PON Riau 2012. The sample comprised 43 swimmers (34 female and 27 male national athlete) who 119 performed. The normal distribution of the data was verified by the test of Kolmogorov-Smirnov (p0.05). Analysis of variance (ANOVA) was used to compare the values of the performance indexes, concerning stroke-rate. The results show significant statistical differences for stroke-rate performance indexes (p0.05) Also, it confirms that most of female & male swimmers had better stroke-rate performance indexes at 10m 2nd (for 50 & 100 meter) and 25m 2nd (for 200 meter). And that the lowest stroke-rate performance index at 10m 4th, for all groups. It is also reasonable to conclude that all national swimmer who had competed in PON 2012 showed had problem with power-endurance, because it cannot maintain stability of stroke-rate in performance at any distance. Keyword: swimmers, stroke-rate performance, power-endurance. INTRODUCTION Swimming is one of the branches of the Sport Olympics because every time multievent International is that sport must be competed. These branches hold a minimum of 32 numbers of races (for male and female). In each race is very possible for the new record-breaking because the sport is measureable. So that each athlete has the opportunity to achieve at every performance. Efforts to create a sports achievements in swimming is something that is always coveted. However, it is not easy to be able to produce such a proud achievement. The successful achievement desperately need the support of a variety of factors both internally and externally. One of which must be done to help improve the performance is to carry out one step of a process management coaching. One of the stages in the form of evaluation of achievement of athletes in a race through studies that are both simple analysis and use of technology. This study conducted a study principled simple analysis to the formula "Cadence". Cadence is measure of frequency of repetitive movement per unit of time. Movement is change of support. In Pose Method cadence is measure of frequency of change of support per unit of time or we called stroke frequency. A stroke in swimming is calculated on one side only, i.e. a complete cycle of

one arm starting at the point of entry and ending at the same point ( Romanov (2008); Luebbers (swimming.about.com)).

Fig.1. Stroke at Front Crawl (freestyle) (A), Backstroke (B), Breaststroke (C), & Butterfly stroke (D) (source: Tiago.etc (2011).Biomechanics of Competitive Swimming Strokes)

It is easier to count that way. Counting strokes, measuring stroke rates, and relating those to a swimming pace is help determine performance of a swimmers during a races and training (Salo, www.humankinetics.com). The benefits of the study is can be applied as an effort to feedback from a training process. Whether the process was run successfully to the maximal? or that the process is carried out when the training less qualified for achievement? Through this simple inscription the result of the swimming race PON XVIII Riau 2012

PURPOSE The purpose of this study is expected to be one of the reference parameters in designing the next training program, what is to be advantage, Weaknesses, Opportunities, and examine barriers are found, to obtain a more precise solution and adequate.

METHODOLOGY Participants & Sample In present study, 43 swimmers (34 female and 27 male national athlete) were anlyzed. These female swimmers 66 performed and male swimmers 53 performed with different number of races (freestyle (FR), breasstroke (BR), back stroke (BS), and butterfly(FLY)). Applied Method Measurement is done by counting the number of strokes and time to the following provisions: No 1 2 3 No. of Races 50 100 m 200 m 400 Method of Count (stroke & times = stroke/rate) 5m 1st 10m 1st 10m 2nd 10m 3rd 10m 4th 5m 2nd Every 25 m Every 50 m

For All Style

Material The races were recorded with Handycam SONY HDR-XR260VE . The digital videos were transferred to a laptop via cable and converted into avi files. Statistical Analysis Statistical procedures were done using SPSS for Windows, version 17.0. Descriptive analyses (number of strokes (frequency), means and standard deviations were carried out to characterize the sample. The normal distribution of the data was verified by the test of

Kolmogorov-Smirnov and homogeneity of variances was assured by test of Levene. The analysis of variance (ANOVA) was used to compare the values of the performance indexes. RESULT Table 1 display 50 meter Freestyle (FR) (Female & Male group) means and standarddeviation of Stroke-rate Performance Indexes. It shows that Female & Male groups had better stroke-rate performance indexes at 10m 2nd and lowest value stroke-rate performance indexes at 10m 4th.

Tabel 2 display 100 meter Freestyle (FR) (Female & Male group) means and standarddeviation of Stroke-rate Performance Indexes. It shows that Female groups had better strokerate performance indexes at 10m 3rd and lowest value stroke-rate performance indexes at 10m 5th. Male groups had better stroke rate perfromance indexes at 10m 2nd and lowest values stroke rate performance indexes at 10m 6th. For 100 meter Breast stroke (BR) female and male groups had better stroke performance indexes at 10m 2nd and lowest values stroke-rate performance indexes at 10m 4th. 100 meter Butterfly (FLY) female and male groups had better stroke performance at 10m 2nd, but for lowest values is different, female groups had lowest values at 10m 7th and male groups had lowest values at 10m 3rd. 100 meter Backstroke (BS) female and male groups had better values stroke-rate performance indexes at 10m 3rd, but for lowest values is different, female group had lowest values at 10m 6th and male groups hadn lowest values at 10m 5th.

Tabel 3 display 200 meter Freestyle (FR) (Female & Male group) means and standarddeviation of Stroke-rate Performance Indexes. It shows that Female and Male groups had better stroke-rate performance indexes at 25m 2nd and lowest value stroke-rate performance indexes at 25m 3rd. For 200 meter Breast stroke (BR) female groups had better stroke performance indexes at 25m 8th and lowest values stroke-rate performance indexes at 25m 1st. For 200 meter Butterfly (FLY) female and male groups had better stroke performance at 25m 2nd, and had lowest values at 25m 3rd. The different thing at 200 meter Backstroke (BS) female groups had better values stroke-rate performance indexes at 25m 4th,and had lowest values at 25m 3rd. And male groups had better values stroke-rate performance indexes at 25m 2nd, had lowest values at 25m 1st.

One interesting thing at Table 4 display 400 meter Freestyle (FR) (Female & Male group) means and standard-deviation of Stroke-rate Performance Indexes. It shows that Female & Male groups had better stroke-rate performance indexes at 50m 8th and lowest value stroke-rate performance indexes at 50m 1st.

DISCCUSSION The purpose of this study was to analyze the stability and change stroke-rate performance of female and male national swimmers who had competed at PON Riau 2012. This study provides a description of the differences and changes in the ability of each swimmer's stroke for each distance of 50 meters up to 400 meters for all styles.

Changes in the number of strokes for each distance swimming at a distance of more than 50 meters is affected by the supporting factors, such as technical skills and physical abilities. Differences in the number of swimmers in each distance swimmers show actual quality. This course will be an important part in the analysis for each coach. These differences are strengthening and weaknesses in each swimmer to be examined properly by any coach who would later be training materials that can be fixed all the flaws and maintenance over all strengthening that have owned. If we look at the data that has been described it will be seen that the change in the number of strokes significantly changed the less, and the difference in each interval indicates the quality of each swimmer. The better the quality of endurance capacity (cardio and muscle) then the consistency of the number of stroke swimmers increasingly stable. REFERENCE Luebbers, Mat. 2010. Swimming Distance per Stroke and Swim Stroke Rate. www.swimming.about.com Romanov, Nicholas. 2008. Cadence Counting In Swimming. www.posetech.com Salo.Complete Conditioning for Swimming.www.humankinetic.com Tiago,etc.2011. Biomechanics of Competitive Swimming Strokes. www.intechopen.com