Escolar Documentos
Profissional Documentos
Cultura Documentos
5/14/2003 11:29 AM
WORKPLAN
May 13,2003
Elizabeth Swope
Tom Eldridge
Susan Ginsburg
Janice Kephart-Roberts
5/14/03 11:48 FAX 202 708 4769 AGENCY LIAISON
I. What were the facts and circumstances of the 9/11 terrorist attack with respect to our
ms of immigration, nonimmigrant visas, and border controls?
f V f'
~~l/ a. How, specifically, did each of the 9/1 1 hijackers gain entry to the U.S.: their legal basis for
entry; locations of visa application and entry; pattern of entries, subsequent monitoring, etc.?
How did other terrorists and the associates of the 9/1 1 terrorists gain entry, etc.?
b. At the time of 9/1 1, what was the national framework — especially encompassing
State/DS/INR, Justice/INS/FBl, and Treasury/Customs, and intelligence agencies - governing
entry and visits by foreign nationals so as to reduce U.S. accessibility by foreign terrorists?
c. Could the then-existing border security structure have identified or excluded some or all of
the 9/11 terrorists, and if so, what persons, agencies, or systems failed, and/or what
reasonably available additional measures might have made a difference?
It. Does the current border security framework effectively reduce terrorist access to the
U.S.? /
a. What additional border security measures did the government impose in the period
immediately following the 9/1 1 attacks (with White House Tyeam) and subsequent to that time?
/b! What is the impact on security and other vital national interests of the changes made since
C •' 9/11 at each successive line of border control: (1) obtaining an internationally valid and secure
form of identification (with Aviation Security Team); (2) acquiring permission to enter the
U.S. outside U.S. borders, including the visa process (with Foreign Policy Team),clearances,
and other procedures (with Intelligence and Domestic Law Enforcement Teams); (3) screening
people and cargo at the border, including at ports of entry, and before the foreign point of
departure (with Aviation Security Team); (4) locating and tracking foreign nationals in the
U.S., (5) securing access by foreign nationals to legitimizing identification in the U.S.; (6)
enforcing immigration laws including through detention and removal (with Domestic Law
Enforcement Team); and (7) maintaining accurate exit records of foreign nationals.
DI. What specific recommendations would improve the U.S. ability to prevent foreign
terrorists from entering^the U.S., consistent with other national interests, including
constitutional principles and economic prosperity? Key policy topics;
Reading List
1^
(s\s-iS^\d Security Council Border Security Advisor
DHS: Under Secretary Asa Hutchinson; Deputy Under Secretaries: Bureau for
Immigration and Customs Enforcement (BICE) Mike Garcia; Bureau of Customs and
Border Protection (BCBP) Robert Bonner.
Relevant DHS Unit Chiefs in BICE and BCBP (Enforcement, Intelligence, Inspections,
Technology, Program Directors
Department of Justice
Former officials:
Main Justice, Deputy Attorneys General: Gorehck:
Department of State
Former officials:
Assistant Secretary of State for Consular Affairs Mary Ryan, (currently, Georgetown
University Institute for International Migration);
Consular officials responsible for issuing visas to 9/11 hijackers;
INR John Arriza,
Department of Defense
Defense Intelligence Agency, National Security Agency
Business/economics:
Community:
Joint Inquiry
INS/DHS memoranda relating to Justice's policy on INS/DHS' BICE and BCBP role in
counter-terrorism, databases development, intelligence capabilities, and investigatory
tools useful in countering terrorism both pre-9/11 and post 9/11
Department of Justice
Justice (BJS, EOUS A): summaries and statistics on deportations and removals
Main Justice: summaries and statistics relating to unlisted arrests, detentions, special
interest cases, and deportations
FBI: Documents collected re entry of 9/11 hijackers; agents' summaries of entries and
movements in U.S., including reports by JTTF personnel/detailees; intelligence and
investigatory materials on 9/11 hijackers and potential affiliates; intelligence materials on
suspected terrorists pre- and immediately after 9/11
Department of State
Immigrant Visa Control and Reporting, statistics on visa applications, processing times,
denials, and reasons for denials prior to and post 9/11
/14/03 11:48 FAX 202 708 4769 AGENCY LIAISON @]008
State, Office of Consular Affairs: CLASS; TIPOFF; Mantis, IP ASS, Shark, Viper, pre-
inspection, visa paperwork, visa waiver program, information-sharing agreements on
border issues
Department of Defense
Joint Inquiry interview reports: estimated 24 (4 INS; 4 GAO; 9 State; 1 Coast Guard; 5
Customs; 1 FBI)
Visa applications and computer database printouts from State for all 19 hijackers.
Entry documents and computer database printouts from INS for all 19 hijackers.
Entry documents and computer database printouts from Customs for all 19 hijackers.
State I.G. Report: Review of Granting of Visas to the 9/11 hijackers, March 2003
Summaries of post 9/11 legislation and regulations related to border security: USA
Patriot Act; Homeland Security Act of 2022, Title VI-Directorate of Border, Enhanced
Border Security and Visa Reform Act of 2002, regulations for SEVIS and NSEERS.
Summary of Executive Orders, e.g.: 'Detention, Treatment, and Trial of Certain non-
Citizens in the War Against Terrorism", Military Order of Nov. 13, 2001
Organizational charts for "old" INS, State, DHS, WH/HSC, with names of officials.
,714/03 11:48 FAX 202 708 4769 AGENCY LIAISON @]010
Program evolution documentation from State, DHS, main Justice, FBI on border security
programs, including budget requests.
State IG's Reports reviewing visa process (post 9/11), and on other border security
issues.
WORKPLAN
April 23,2003
Tom Eldridge
Susan Ginsburg
Janice Kephart-Roberts
I. What were the facts and circumstances of the 9/11 terrorist attack with respect to our systems of
immigration, nonimmigrant visas, and border controls?
a. How, specifically, did each of the 9/11 hijackers gain entry to the U.S.: their legal basis for entry;
location of visa application and entry; pattern of entries, subsequent monitoring etc. (victims'
questions)? C.f. other terrorists.
>,\, j$i b. At the time of 9/11, what was the national framework ~ especially encompassing State,
V qf Justice/INS, and Treasury/Customs, and intelligence agencies - governing entry and visits by foreign
UA nationals so as to reduce U.S. accessibility to terrorists?
.vU
U^ Lrt/ c. Could the then existing immigration security infrastructure have identified or excluded some or all
^ f -y.f of the 9/11 terrorists, and if so, what persons, agencies, or systems failed, and/or what factors within
reackmay have made a difference?
, fj L II. Does the current foreign national and border security framework reflect the lessons learned
*< V from 9/11 and other terrorist attacks, and significantly reduce terrorist access to the U.S.?
What is the impact of the various changes on security that have been made since 9/11 with respect to
the entry and visits by foreign nationals? Consider: (a) government re-organization and funding (e.g.
DHS, HSC); (b) border officials' access to and use of expanded intelligence about terrorists (e.g.
TIPOFF/CLASS; FTTTF); (c) relationship with international agencies; (d) country-of-origin based
scrutiny (e.g. CONDOR); (e) occupation-based scrutiny (e.g. IPASS, Mantis); (f) procedural
standards (e.g. paper, pre-inspection, waiver); (g) student and other tracking (e.g. SEVIS, NSEERS);
(h) strengthened enforcement (e.g. enforcement rates; detention, deportations, removals; state and
locals; document fraud, alien smuggling); (i) "code red" response plan.
III. Are the relevant competing interests in reducing foreign terrorist access to the U.S. being
adequately considered?
Are current border security practices safeguarding community, civil liberties, and human rights? Are
they hobbling economic freedoms or shrinking U.S. leadership in education, science or technology?
Are we spending the right amount of money?
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IV. What specific recommendations would improve U.S. ability to prevent foreign terrorists from
entering the U.S., consistent with other vital interests? . ikf^ 7
fljSpnsider: (a) intelligence access and sharing; redundancy in screening; (b) government access to
Vj fa Otebhnical expertise; (c) tracking; (d) backlogs and resources; (e) role of state and local authorities; (f)
\y* '\w personal identifiers and anti-fraud measures; scope of their adoption; (g) efforts with Mexico
/ a n d Canada, other countries; (h) effective communication and enforcement; (i) immigration criteria
generally.
"* V \ hat were the facts and circumstances of the 9/11 terrorist attack with respect to our
systems of immigration, nonimmigrant visas, and border controls?
V
a. How specifically did each of the 9/11 hijackers gain entry to the U.S.: their legal basis for
entry; location of visa application and entry; pattern of entries; adjudication of visas, entry
procedures, subsequent monitoring etc. C.f. other terrorists.
Justice, I.G. Report: "The Immigration and Naturalization Service's Contacts i ""
With Two September 11 Terrorists: A Review of the INS's Admissions of f^
Mohamed Atta and Marwan Alshehhi, its Processing of their Change of Status
Applications, and its Efforts to Track Foreign Students in the United States,"
May 20, 2002
Briefers
Document Requests
• Congress, Joint Inquiry of House and Senate: relevant sections of the Joint
Inquiry report and supporting documentation
Interviews
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WORKPLAN Page 3 of 7
• Mary Ryan, former Ass't Sec State for Consular Affairs (now at Georgetown
Inst. for Int'l Migration)
b. At the time of 9/11, what was the national framework - especially encompassing State,
Justice/INS, and Treasury/Customs and intelligence agencies - governing entry and visits by
foreign nationals so as to reduce U.S. accessibility to terrorists?
• Kojm, Christopher A., Deputy for Intelligence Policy and Coordination, Bureau
of Intelligence and Research, DOS, Statement, September 19,2002
Briefers
Document Requests
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Interviews
• INS: former Ass't Commissioner Chris Sales; Dan Cadman, former National
Security Unit (student tracking, intelligence sharing, creation of
counterterrorism unit); Morrie Berez, head of task force to implement student
tracking
c. Could the then existing immigration and border security infrastructure have identified or
excluded some or all of the 9/11 terrorists, and if so, what persons, agencies or systems
failed, and/or what factors within reach may have made a difference?
II. Does the current foreign national and border security framework reflect the lessons learned from 9/11
and other foreign terrorist attacks, and significantly reduce terrorist access to the U.S.?
What is the impact of the various changes on the security of people and technology
made since 9/11 with respect to the entry and visits by foreign nationals?
ii. border officials' access and use of intelligence about foreign visitors (e.g. TIPOFF/CLASS;
FTTTF; state, local);
viii. strengthened enforcement (e.g. enforcement rates; state and locals; detention, deportations,
removals; document fraud, alien smuggling)
Background materials
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WORKPLAN Page 5 of 7
• National Security Strategy of the U.S., Sept. 2002; national Strategy for
Combatting Terrorism, Feb. 2003
• USA Patriot Act; Homeland Security Act of 2022, Title VI-Directorate of Border
and Transportation and relevant regulations, including SEVIS and NSEERS;
Enhanced Border Security and Visa Reform Act of 2002
Briefers
• DHS: Under Secretary Asa Hutchinson; Deputy Under Secretaries: Bureau for
Immigration and Customs Enforcement (BICE) Mike Garcia; Bureau of
Customs and Border Protection (BCBP) Robert Bonner
Document Requests
\ State, Off
Viper, pre-inspection, visa paperwork, visa waiver, information-sharing £<?
agreements on border issues i
\ DHS: NSEERS, SEV
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/ORKPLAN Page 6 of 7
Interviews
III. Are the relevant competing interests in reducing foreign terrorist access to the U.S. being
adequately considered?
Background materials
• Executive Order: "Detention, Treatment, and Trial of Certain non-Citizens in the War Against
Terrorism", Military Order of Nov. 13, 2001
• Second Report to Congress on Implementation of Section 1001 of the USA PATRIOT Act, on
complaints alleging abuse of civil rights and civil liberties by Justice Department officials, DO J
Inspector General Glenn A. Fine, July 15, 2002, January 22, 2003;
Briefers
Document requests
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WORKPLAN Page 7 of 7
Interviews
IV. What specific recommendations would improve U.S. ability to prevent foreign terrorists from
entering the U.S. consistent with other vital interests?
Background materials
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Jntitled Page 1 of 2
April 23,2003
Tom Eldridge
Susan Ginsburg
Janice Kephart-Roberts
Books
Immigration Policy
by Lindsay Lowell. Demetrios Papademetrious. Clark Baxter. Jay Hu
Mass Immigration and the National Interest: Policy Directions for the New Century
by Vernon M. Briggs
Enemy Aliens
by David Cole
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Untitled Page 2 of 2
The Age of Migration, Third Edition: International Population Movements in the Modern World
by Stephen Castles (Author), Mark Miller (Author)
In -print
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9-11 Commission Page 1 of 6
April 23,2003
Tom Eldridge
Susan Ginsburg
Janice Kephart-Roberts
Witness Interviews
September 26, 2002 ~ Agency Representatives Regarding the U.S. Response to the
Terrorist Threat
~~7
October 1,2002 — Joint Inquiry Staff Statement; Expert Panel Regarding L . (
Reorganization of the Intelligence Community (Hamilton, Webster, Odom, Hitz) t>
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r
9-11 Commission Page 2 of 6
Witness List, Asa Hutchinson, Mark Krikorian. Timothy Danahey. Rich Stana
April 2, 2003 - Oversight hearing on "Immigration Student Tracking: Implementation and Proposed
Modifications."
Witness List, Johnny Williams. Glenn Fine. Thomas Fischer. David Ward
June 25, 2002 - Oversight hearing on "The Risk to Homeland Security From Identity Fraud and Identity
Theft."
Witness List. Paul McNulty. James Huse. Richard Stana. Edmund Mierzwinski. Final Print (Serial #86).
Hearing Transcript
June 19, 2002 - Oversight hearing on "The Immigration and Naturalization Service's (INS's) Interior
Enforcement Strategy."
Witness List. Joseph Greene. Richard Stana. Steven Camarota. Marissa Demeo. Final Print (Serial #85).
Hearing Transcript
March 19,2002 - Oversight hearing on "The INS's March 2002 Notification of Approval of Change of
Status for Pilot Training for Terrorist Hijackers Mohammed Atta and Marwan Al-Shehhi."
Witness List. Rudi Dekkers. Tom Blodgett. James Ziglar. Michael Cutler. Final Print (Serial # 63).
Hearing Transcript
February 28, 2002 - Oversight hearing on "The Implications of Transnational Terrorism for the Visa
Waiver Program"
Witness List. Yonah Alexander. Glenn Fine. Peter Becraft, William Norman. Final Print (Serial #61),
Hearing Transcript
December 19, 2001 - Oversight Hearing on "A Review of Department of Justice Immigration Detention
Policies."
Witness List. Congresswoman Sheila Jackson-Lee. Edward McElroy. Paul Thomson. Margaret Taylor,
Final Print (Serial #55), Hearing Transcript
October 11, 2001 - Oversight Hearing on "Using Information Technology to Secure America's Borders:
INS Problems with Planning and Implementation."
Witness List. Congresswoman Sheila Jackson-Lee. Glenn Fine. Randolph Hite, James Ziglar. Demetri
Papademetriou, Hearing Transcript. Final Print (Serial #43)
February 10, 2000 - Oversight hearing on "the Visa Waiver Pilot Program."
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9-11 Commission Page 3 of 6
News Advisory, Witness List. Honorable Lamar Smith, Robert Ashbaugh. Ambassador Mary A. Ryan,
Michael Cronin, Elisa Liang. William S. Norman. E. Wayne Merry, John Ratigan. Hearing Transcript
January 26, 2000 - Oversight hearing on "Terrorist Threats to the United States."
News Advisory. Witness List. Honorable Lamar Smith. Honorable Sheila Jackson Lee Ambassador
Martin Collacott. Mr. Steven Emerson. Mr. David Harris. Mr. Christopher Sands. Mr. Gary
Stubblefield. Mr. John Thompson. Ambassador Philip C. Wilcox. Hearing Transcript
August 5, 1999 - Oversight hearing on "the H-1B Temporary Professional Worker Visa Program."
Witness List. Honorable Lamar Smith. Honorable Shiela Jackson Lee. Honorable David Dreier. Austin
Fragomen, Crystal Neiswonger, Alison Cleveland, Paul Kostek, Charles Foster. David Smith, Gene
Nelson, John Miano, Hearing Transcript
Witness List. Randel Johnson, Mark Krikorian. Susan Martin, Cecilia Munoz, Hearing Transcript. Final
Print (Serial #22^
July 22,1999 - Oversight hearing on "Counterfeiting and misuse of the social security card and state and
local identity documents."
Witness List. In Brief. Honorable Lamar Smith. Honorable Sheila Jackson Lee, Larry F. Stewart, John
Hotchner, James Hesse, Richard Stana. Glenna Donnelly. David Simcox. Susan Martin. Michael
Anderson. Honorable Brian Flaherty. Detective Sergeant Robert Derbyshire. Hearing Transcript
July 1, 1999 - Oversight hearing on "the Immigration and Naturalization Service's Interior Enforcement
Strategy."
Witness List. Honorable Lamar Smith, John R. Fraser. Richard M. Stana, Mr. Robert Hill. Esq.. Mr.
Thomas P. Hammond. Ms. Judith M. Desantis. Mr. Daniel Stein. Muzaffar Chishti. Muzaffar Chishti,
Robert Bach. Hearing Transcript
Witness List. Honorable Lamar Smith, Honorable Sheila Jackson Lee, Tobin Armstrong. Larry Vance.
Angie Morfin. Carol Joyal. Terry Anderson. Dan Morris. Roger Barnett. Selena Walsh. Hearing
Transcript
May 18,1999 - Legislative Hearing on H.R. 456. H.R. 1745. H.R. 238. and H.R. 945
Witness List, Honorable Lamar Smith, Honorable James Rogan, Honorable Robert A. Underwood,
Honorable Mac Collins, Honorable Sheila Jackson Lee. Honorable Robert E. Andrews. Elliott L.
Bloxom, Georgia Bergmann, Michael J. Wildes, Bo Cooper. Anthony Tangeman. Donald M. Remy.
Hearing Transcript
Witness List. Honorable Lamar Smith, Honorable Sheila Jackson Lee. Inspector General Michael
Bromwich. Inspector General Jacquelyn L. Williams-Bridgers. William A. Yates. Gary Bradford (no
prepared statement), Nancy Sambaiew, Jill Esposito. John Ratigan. Lynn Shotwell. Mark Mancini,
Hearing Transcript
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9-11 Commission Page 4 of 6
April 14,1999 - Oversight Hearing on "Law enforcement problems at the border between the United
States and Canada, focusing on the issues of drug smuggling, illegal immigration and terrorism."
Witness List, News Advisory. Honorable Lamar Smith, Honorable Sheila Jackson Lee, Michael
Pearson, Eugene Davis, Robert Trotter. Inspector General Michael Bromwich, Sheriff Dale Brandland.
Mark Hall, Demetrios G. Papademetriou, David Harris. Hearing Transcript
June 17, 1997 - Oversight hearing regarding the "Visa Waiver Pilot Program"
Witness List. Honorable Lamar Smith. Honorable Jay Kim. Honorable Neil Abercrombie. Mary Ryan.
William S. Norman. Janet Thomas, Tami Overby. Michael Cronin, Hearing Transcript
April 23,1997 - Oversight hearing regarding "Border security and deterring illegal entry into the United
States"
Witness List, Honorable Lamar Smith. Hon. Silvestre Reyes. Alan Bersin. Donnie Marshall. George
Regan. Roy Godson. Roger G. Heiserman. Esq.. Samuel H. Banks. Elisa Massimino. Jonathan M.
Winer. Richard Gallo, Hearing Transcript
Preventing Identity Theft By Terrorists and Criminals (testimony before U.S. House Financial Services
Committee Subcommittee on Social Security, November 8, 2001)
Northern Border Security (testimony before the Senate Appropriations Committee Subcommittee on
Treasury and General Government; October 3, 2001)
Review of INS Policy on Releasing Illegal Aliens Pending Deportation hearings (Nov. 13,2001)
S. Hrg. 105-75 - "Foreign Terrorists in America: Five Years after the World Trade Center (testimony
before the U.S. Senate Judiciary Committee, Subcommittee on Technology, Terrorism, and Government
Information; February 24, 1998)
"The Thwarted Brooklyn Bomb Plot: Identifying, Excluding, and Removing Terrorist Aliens
from the United States", Feb. 28,1998 and summary which appears in the Judiciary Subcmte
Report: "Crime, Terror, & War: National Security in the Information Age" Nov. '98
S. Hrg. 106-848 - "Countering the Changing Threat of International Terrorism" (testimony before the
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9-11 Commission Page 5 of 6
S. Hrg. 107-239 - "Homeland Defense: Exploring the Hart-Rudman Report" (testimony before the U.S.
Senate Judiciary Committee, Subcommittee on Technology, Terrorism, and Government Information;
April 3, 2001)
S. Hrg. 107-249 - "Immigration Policy: An Overview", (testimony before the U.S. Senate Judiciary
Committee, Subcommittee on Immigration; April 4, 2001)
S. Hrg. 107-611 - "The Role of Technology in Preventing the Entry of Terrorists into the United
States," (testimony before the U.S. Senate Judiciary Committee, Subcommittee on Technology,
Terrorism, and Government Information; October 12, 2001)
S. Hrg. 107-651 - "Effective Immigration Controls to Deter Terrorism," (testimony before the U.S.
Senate Judiciary Committee, Subcommittee on Immigration; October 17, 2001)
S. Hrg. 107-657 - "Biometric Identifiers and the Modern Face of Terror: New Technologies in the
Global War on Terrorism," (testimony before the U.S. Senate Judiciary Committee Subcommittee on
Technology, Terrorism and Government Information; November 14, 2001)
S. Hrg. 107-855 - "Securing Our Ports Against Terror: Technology, Resources, and Homeland
Defense," (testimony before the U.S. Senate Judiciary Committee Subcommittee on Technology,
Terrorism and Government Information: February 26, 2002)
S. Hrg. 107-890 - "The Enhanced Border Security and Visa Entry Reform Act," (testimony before the
U.S. Senate Judiciary Committee, Subcommittee on Immigration; April 12, 2002)
GAP Reports
"Border Security, Visa Process Should be Strengthened as an Antiterrorism Tool," Report to the
Chairman, Subcommittee on National Security, Veterans Affairs, and International Relations,
Committee on Government Reform, House of Representatives, October 2002, number GAO-03-132NI
GAP Abstract
Weaknesses In Screening Entrants Into the United States. GAO-03-438T January 30, 2003
Border Security: Implications of Eliminating the Visa Waiver Program. GAO-03-38 November 22,
2002
Homeland Security: INS Cannot Locate Many Aliens Because It Lacks Reliable Address
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Technology Assessment: Using Biometrics for Border Security. GAO-03-174 November 14, 2002
Short Reports:
"Homeland Security and Counterterrorism Research and Development: Funding, Organization, and
Oversight," RS 21270
"National Commission on Terrorism Report: Background and Issues for Congress," RS20598
Long Reports:
Supplemental Appropriations for FY2002: Combating Terrorism and Other Issues, RL31406
Terrorism: Automated Lookout Systems and Border Security Options and Issues, RL31019
National Commissions
Jordan Commission
Hart-Rudman
Gilmore
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