04/07/2013

IP Design for Mobile Networks and a general vision for 4G

Henry A. Vsquez Msc. Mobile Communications

IP Design for Mobile Networks

This conference is designed to provide information about the evolution of mobile technologies and networks to the All-IP architecture in mobile networks.

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IP Design for Mobile Networks

While the original adoption of IP data services by the legacy cellular systems as an overlay architecture has been superseded by mobile broadband specific systems, these access systems have evolved from systems which were originally designed and deployed in an era when circuit switched services (that is, primarily targeted for voice) still dominated cellular operator revenue. In the future, the growth of mobile broadband consumption means that IP based services will predominate and access systems designed from an all-IP perspective will be widely adopted.

IP Design for Mobile Networks

The introduction of IP interfaces on all mobile systems enables the operator to transition to an AllIP Network (AIPN). The AIPN allows the introduction of services much more rapidly and optimizes the transport based on the rapid growth rate of IP data services. Nevertheless, traditional voice services garner the majority of the revenue at this time.

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IP Design for Mobile Networks

The growth of data services, although not providing an equivalent revenue stream, does allow the operator to transition voice services from TDM-based transport to packetbased transport. The effective cost of voice transport becomes less relevant while the operator attempts to optimize the network to provide cost-effective packet transport to serve voice, video, and data. The use of legacy radio technologies, including 2G and 3G, will continue for an extended period of time. Most operators are focusing on a packet transport network that can serve all three generations of radio access technologies, including 2G, 3G, and 4G.

Wireline and Wireless Advances

Backhaul Bandwidth Requirements

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Cellular Architecture and Access Systems

IP Design for Mobile Networks

A Network of Networks Todays mobile networks are really much more than a single, end-to-end design. Instead, they are multiple networks, each relying on unique authentication methods, QoS algorithms, and tunneling protocols.

Figure 1. End-to-End Network View

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IP Design for Mobile Networks

Network Independence Today Todays mobile networks are really much more than a single, end-to-end design. Instead, they are multiple networks, each relying on unique authentication methods, QoS algorithms, and tunneling protocols.

Figure 2. End-to-End Network Reference Model

Radio Access Network and Packet Core Evolution

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IP Design for Mobile Networks

IPv6

Classes in UMTS
The quality can defined by two main:
Guaranteed and maximum bit rate (kbps) possible Permissible delays (ms)..

Based on the QoS criteria

Conversational: most delay-sensitive. video telephony, voice-over-IP (VoIP). The delay is based on the human perception of the application, hence has strict requirements for quality Streaming: refers to traffic flow that is steady and continuous. E.g. : Internet. - messaging and retrieval. Eg.: downloading of streaming videos Interactive: the user requests data from a remote entity. Eg: Location-based services Background: least stringent quality of service requirement. E.g.: Short messages, file transfer.

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customer migrated to IP-based mobile backhaul

Some vendors approach to backhaul migration starts with consulting to help build tailored transport networks that provide a direct path to LTE. This is backed by a comprehensive IP transport portfolio that supports all radio technologies and encompasses integration capabilities to complement transport solutions with partner products.

customer migrated to IP-based mobile backhaul

3G

3.5G

3.75G

LTE

Actual en operadores locales

Source : ETSI TS 123 401

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customer migrated to IP-based mobile backhaul

UMTS Network scenario:

HSUPA over ATM due to UL bandwidth ADSL limitation. HSDPA over IP to handle large downlink throughput requirements

customer migrated to IP-based mobile backhaul

GSM Network scenario: Abis over IP and Ater/A with legacy TDM transport (RG20)

Abis interface can be migrated to native IP while Ater/A interfaces can be established using legacy TDM transport All legacy realizations of BSC interfaces (Abis/Ater/A) can be replaced with CESoPSN BSC has capabilities to terminate each realization of Abis at the same time (incl. CESoPSN) Note: In this scenario it is also possible to establish AoIP interface, however this would require two TDM<->IP conversions and each one takes ~20 ms; therefore, although such configuration is not prevented, the total delay might be unacceptable

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customer migrated to IP-based mobile backhaul

IP SITE SOLUTION

(Cisco 7609

Connected clients only need to know the single virtual address of the redundant router group HSRP decides transparently which router will handle the packets.

customer migrated to IP-based mobile backhaul

Traffic Management

(Cisco 7609

Connected clients only need to know the single virtual address of the redundant router group HSRP decides transparently which router will handle the packets.

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customer migrated to IP-based mobile backhaul

Mixed L2/L3 transport network

Site router is terminating L2 VLANs in uplink and is routing downlink traffic to

appropiate VLANs, basing on destination IP address/subnet Information. RNC is sending packets with BTS destination IP address/subnet that match configured traffic class to VLAN/subnet mapping

customer migrated to IP-based mobile backhaul

VLAN and IP subnet relations

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customer migrated to IP-based mobile backhaul

In addition, vendors offers end-to-end services to ensure that the mobile backhaul network is optimized from access to core, provides a single IP/Ethernet network for all services and enables unified network management.

Mobile Backhaul

Optimizar las conexiones mviles para hacer frente al incremento de trfico de datos en el acceso de radio es un requisito cada vez mayor para muchos operadores, as como reducir el costo por bit para aplicaciones que utilizan mayor ancho de banda.

Fuente : Nokia Siemens Networks

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Connectivity and Transport

Transmission Systems
We segregate the transport modes into synchronous and asynchronous methods with wireless and wireline connection types. Each transport mode has unique properties that potentially facilitate cost-savings for the mobile operator. Likewise, each method requires compromises that the operator must assess. The objective of this section is to highlight those compromises and show how the various methods are applied to the CN and RAN environments.

Core Network Requirements

The core network provides transport between the mobile-switching centers, data gateways, voice gateways, and data centers. The voice and data traffic is aggregated through the RAN to a service-switching center where traffic is directed to the appropriate voice or data gateways. The challenge with defining the core network requirements is to understand the characteristics of the traffic entering the core network. From a functional perspective, we can break the traffic into generic classes. The principal load on the wireless network has historically been voice; however, user interest in data applications has dramatically changed the architecture.

Connectivity and Transport

The structured TDM trunks were terribly inefficient at transporting transactional data.
The wireless radio networks were not initially designed to carry broadcast media and high volumes of transactional data; therefore, the core network elements bifurcated into two functional elements: the voiceswitching components and the data-switching components.

Figure 1. Core Network Transport with Structured TDM

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Connectivity and Transport

Figure 2. Combined Core Network Transport

Connectivity and Transport

Combining the two networks can reduce capital cost and, potentially, operational costs. Figure 2. Bifurcated Core Network Transport

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Network Independence Today

Figure 4. End-to-End Network Reference Model

Reference Point F: IP Core

The IP Core reference point consists of all IP devices from provider edge to provider edge, including all core (P) elements. Examples of IP Core QoS capabilities, from most-basic to mostcomplex, include the following: Congestion avoidance: A mechanism where an operator builds out core infrastructure in excess of required capacity (usually link utilization near 50%) in order to ensure that congestion will not occur, even with a single failure. Although congestion-avoidance mechanisms provide greater guarantees that all traffic entering the IP network will be routed successfully, the cost of infrastructure is quite high. Diffserv: A mechanism to classify, mark, and prioritize traffic on a per-hop basis by embedding a 6-bit Differentiated Services Code Point (DSCP) value in the IP header. Diffserv allows for certain flows (Intserv), such as voice and video, to be given preferential treatment across the core network. MPLS Traffic Engineering (MPLS-TE): A mechanism to intelligently route traffic and optimize network paths based on the resources that a particular flow requires. MPLS-TE allows for oversubscription of core networks by providing numerous routing paths between two destinations. Call Admission Control (CAC): A mechanism for ensuring that resources are available within the IP network prior to accepting a new flow. CAC allows for guarantees that new flows routed across the IP network do not negatively affect the performance of existing flows already en-route.

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Network Interdependence Tomorrow

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