Você está na página 1de 10

Laplace Transforms of Periodic Functions:

If f(t) is a periodic function with period T, i. e. ( ) ( ) t f T t f = + , then


( ) { } ( )dt t f e
e 1
1
t f L
st
T
0 sT

= .
Proof: Since we know by definition
( ) { } ( )
( ) ( ) ( ) .......... dt t f e dt t f e dt t f e
dt t f e t f L
st
T 3
T 2
st
T 2
T
st
T
0
st
0
+ + + =
=


Putting ... ,......... T 2 u t , T u t , u t + = + = = , in the successive integrals, we get
( ) { } ( )
( )
( )
( )
( ) .......... du T 2 u f e du T u f e du u f e t f L
T 2 u s
T
0
T u s
T
0
su
T
0
+ + + + + =
+ +


Since ( ) ( ) ( ) ........ T 2 u f T u f u f = + = + = , we have
( ) { } ( ) ( ) ( ) .......... du u f e e du u f e e du u f e t f L
su
T
0
sT 2 su
T
0
sT su
T
0
+ + + =



( ) ( )du u f e ... .......... e e 1
su
T
0
sT 2 sT

+ + + =
7 77 7
th th th th
Topic Topic Topic Topic
Laplace Transforms Laplace Transforms Laplace Transforms Laplace Transforms
Laplace Transforms of Periodic functions,
Special functions
[Bessel functions, Error function]

Prepared by:
Dr. Sunil
NIT Hamirpur (HP)
(Last updated on 20-10-2007)

Laplace Transforms: LT of Periodic functions, Special functions [Bessel functions, Error function]
Prepared by: Dr. Sunil, NIT Hamirpur (HP)
2
( )du u f e
e 1
1
su
T
0 sT

= ( )dt t f e
e 1
1
st
T
0 sT

= .
Special Functions:

(1) Laplace Transforms of Bessel functions ( ) x J
0
and ( ) x J
1
:
Since we know that ( ) .. ..........
6 . 4 . 2
x
4 . 2
x
2
x
1 x J
2 2 2
6
2 2
4
2
2
0
+ + =
( ) { }

+ + = .. ..........
6 . 4 . 2
x
4 . 2
x
2
x
1 L x J L
2 2 2
6
2 2
4
2
2
0

.. ..........
s
! 6
.
6 . 4 . 2
1
s
! 4
4 . 2
1
s
! 2
.
2
1
s
1
7 2 2 2 5 2 2 3 2
+ + =

)
`

+ |

\
|
|

\
|
+ |

\
|
= .. ..........
s
1
6 . 4 . 2
5 . 3 . 1
s
1
4 . 2
3 . 1
s
1
2
1
1
s
1
6 4 2


( ) 1 s
1
s
1
1
s
1
2
2 / 1
2
+
= |

\
|
+ =

. (1)
Also since ( ) x J
0

= ( ) x J
1
.
( ) { } ( ) { } ( ) { } [ ]
( ) 1 s
s
1 1 x J sL x J L x J L
2
0 0 1
+
= =

= . (2)
(2) Laplace Transform of the Error function:
We know that ( ) dx e
2
t erf
2
x
t
0

=
( ) dx e
2
t erf
2
x
t
0

= dx ........
! 3
x
! 2
x
x 1
2
6 4
2
t
0 |
|

\
|
+ +



|
|

\
|
+ +

= . ..........
! 3 . 7
t
! 2 . 5
t
3
t
t
2
2 / 7 2 / 5 2 / 3
2 / 1
.
Taking Laplace transform of both sides, we get
( ) { }

+
|

\
|

\
|

+
|

\
|

\
|

= .... ..........
s ! 3 . 7
2
9
s ! 2 . 5
2
7
s 3
2
5
s
2
3
2
t erf L
2 / 9 2 / 7 2 / 5 2 / 3

Laplace Transforms: LT of Periodic functions, Special functions [Bessel functions, Error function]
Prepared by: Dr. Sunil, NIT Hamirpur (HP)
3
( )
( )
( ) ( ) ( )
(

= |

\
|
= |

\
|
= >
+
=
+

2
1
2
1
2
1
2
3
; 1 n 1 n n ; 1 n ,
s
1 n
t L
1 n
n

. ..........
s
1
.
6 . 4 . 2
5 . 3 . 1
s
1
.
4 . 2
3 . 1
s
1
2
1
s
1
2 / 9 2 / 7 2 / 5 2 / 3
+ + =

)
`

+ + = . ..........
s
1
.
6 . 4 . 2
5 . 3 . 1
s
1
.
4 . 2
3 . 1
s
1
2
1
1
s
1
3 2 2 / 3


( )
.
1 s s
1
s
1
1
s
1
2 / 1
2 / 3
+
=
(

+ =



PROBLEMS ON PERIODIC FUNCTIONS:
(Half-wave rectifier)
Q.No.1.: Find the Laplace transform of the rectified semi-wave function defined by
( ) t sin t f = ,

< < t 0 ,
0 = ,

< <

2
t .
Sol.: Since f(t) is a periodic function with period

2
.
( ) { } ( )dt t f e
e 1
1
t f L
st
/ 2
0
/ s 2

=

(




dt 0 . e tdt sin e
e 1
1
st
/ 2
/
st
/
0
/ s 2


( )

=
/
0
2 2
st
/ s 2
s
t cos t sin s e
e 1
1


( )( )
2 2 s/ 2
s/
s e 1
e
+
+
=


( )
( )( )( )
2 2 s/ s/
s/
s e 1 e 1
e 1
+ +
+
=




( )( )
2 2 s/
s e 1 +

=

. Ans.

(Full-wave rectifier)
Q.No.2.: Find the Laplace transform of the function
Laplace Transforms: LT of Periodic functions, Special functions [Bessel functions, Error function]
Prepared by: Dr. Sunil, NIT Hamirpur (HP)
4
( ) t sin E t f = ,

< < t 0 , having period

.
Sol.: ( ) [ ] ( )dt t f e
e 1
1
t f L
st
/
0 s

|
|
|

\
|

= ( )dt t sin E . e
e 1
1
st
/
0 s

|
|
|

\
|


tdt sin . e
e 1
E
st
/
0 s

|
|
|

\
|

( )
( )

(
(

+

|
|
|

\
|

=
/
0
2 2
st
s
s
t cos t sin s e
e 1
E


( ) ( )
( )
(
(
(
(

+

|
|
|

\
|

2 2
s
s
s
cos sin s e
e 1
E


( ) ( )
( )
(
(
(
(

+

|
|
|

\
|

2 2
s
s
s
e
e 1
E

( )
|
|
|

\
|

|
|
|

\
|
+
+

s
s
2 2
e 1
e 1
.
s
E


( )
|
|
|

\
|

|
|
|

\
|
+
+

2
s
2
s
2
s
2
s
2 2
e e
e e
.
s
E
.
Multiplying and dividing by 2, we get

( )
2
e e
1
2
e e
.
s
E
2
s
2
s
2
s
2
s
2 2
|
|
|

\
|

|
|
|

\
|
+
+

( )
|

\
|

=
2
s
coth
s
E
2 2
. Ans.
Laplace Transforms: LT of Periodic functions, Special functions [Bessel functions, Error function]
Prepared by: Dr. Sunil, NIT Hamirpur (HP)
5
Square-wave (or meander) function
Q.No.3.: Find the Laplace transform of the square-wave (or meander) function of period
a defined as ( ) 1 t f = when
2
a
t 0 < <
1 = when a t
2
a
< < .
Sol.: ( )
( )
sa
st
a
0
e 1
dt t f e
t Lf

( )
(


dt 1 e dt 1 . e
e 1
1
st
a
2 / a
st
2 / a
0 as


(
(
(

(
(

(
(

a
2 / a
st
2 / a
0
st
as
s
e
s
e
e 1
1
(
(
(
(

(
(
(

(
(
(

s
e e
s
1 e
e 1
1
2
as
as
2
as
as


(
(
(

s
e e
s
e 1
e 1
1
2
as
as
2
as
as
( ) (
(

as
2
as
as
e e 2 1
e 1 s
1


( )
2
2
as
as
e 1
e 1 s
1
(
(

|
|

\
|
+
|
|

\
|

|
|

\
|

2
as
2
as
2
2
as
e 1 e 1
e 1
s
1
|
|

\
|
+
|
|

\
|

2
as
2
as
e 1
e 1
s
1


|
|

\
|
+
|
|

\
|

4
as
4
as
4
as
4
as
e e
2
.
2
e e
s
1
|

\
|
=
4
sa
tanh .
s
1
. Ans.
Saw-toothed wave
Q.No.4.: Find the Laplace transform of saw-toothed wave period T,
given ( )
T
t
t f = for T t 0 < < .
Sol.: ( )
( )
dt
e 1
t f e
t Lf
sT
st
T
0

( )
dt
T
t
. e
e 1
1
st
T
0 sT

=
( )
tdt . e
e 1 T
1
st
T
0 sT

=
Laplace Transforms: LT of Periodic functions, Special functions [Bessel functions, Error function]
Prepared by: Dr. Sunil, NIT Hamirpur (HP)
6

( )
T
0
st st
sT
dt
s
e
s
e . t
T e 1
1
(
(


( )
T
0
2
st st
sT
s
e
s
e . t
T e 1
1
(
(



( ) (
(

=

2 2
sT sT
sT
s
1
s
e
s
e . T
T e 1
1
( )
( )
(
(

s
Te
s
e 1
T e 1
1
sT
2
sT
sT


( )
sT
sT
2
e 1 s
e
T s
1

= . Ans.
Triangular-wave
Q.No.5.: Find the Laplace transform of the triangular-wave period 2a,
given by ( ) t t f = , a t 0 < <
t a 2 = , a 2 t a < < .
Sol.: ( )
( )
( )
dt
e 1
t f . e
t Lf
as 2
st
a 2
0

( )
( )
(

=


dt t a 2 e tdt . e
e 1
1
st
a 2
a
st
a
0
as 2


( )
( )

(
(

+
(
(


a 2
a
st st
a
0
st st
as 2
dt
s
e
s
e t a 2
dt
s
e
s
te
e 1
1


( )
( )

(
(

+
(
(

a 2
a
2
st st
a
0
2
st st
as 2
s
e
s
e a 2 t
s
e
s
te
e 1
1


( )

)

(
(

|
|

\
|
+

+
(
(

=

2
as as
2
as 2
2 2
as as
as 2
s
e
s
ae
s
e
s
1
s
e
s
ae
e 1
1


( )
(
(

+ + +

=

2
as as
2
as 2
2 2
as as
as 2
s
e
s
ae
s
e
s
1
s
e
s
e . a
e 1
1


( )
[ ] 1 e 2 e
e 1 s
1
as as 2
as 2 2
+



( )
( )
( )
as
2
as
as 2
e 1
e 1
.
e 1 s
1

+
= .
Multiplying and dividing by 2, we get
Laplace Transforms: LT of Periodic functions, Special functions [Bessel functions, Error function]
Prepared by: Dr. Sunil, NIT Hamirpur (HP)
7

|
|
|

\
|
+
|
|
|
|

\
|

2
as
2
as
2
as
2
as
2
e e
2
.
2
e e
s
1
2
as
tanh .
s
1
2
|

\
|
= . Ans.
PROBLEMS ON SPECIAL FUNCTIONS
1. BESSEL FUNCTIONS:
Q.No.1.: Evaluate (i) ( ) { } at tJ L
0
(ii) ( ) { } t tJ L
1
(iii) ( ) { } at J e L
0
at

Sol.: Since we know that, if ( ) { } ( ) s f t f L = ,
then ( ) { } ( ) ( ) [ ] s f
ds
d
1 t f t L
n
n
n n
= , where n = 1, 2, 3,............
(i) ( ) { } ( ) { } at J L
ds
d
at tJ L
0 0
=
( )
2 / 3
2 2 2 2
a s
s
a s
1
ds
d
+
=
+
= . Ans.
(ii) ( ) { } ( ) { }
( )
2 / 3
2 2
1 1
s 1
1
s 1
s
1
ds
d
t J L
ds
d
t tJ L
+
=

+
= = . Ans.
(iii) ( ) { } at J e L
0
at
( ) [ ]
( )
2 2
2 / 1
2 2
a 2 sa 2 s
1
a a s
1
+ +
=
+ +
= . Ans.
Q.No.2.: Find the Laplace transform of ( ) ax J
0
.
Sol.: We know that ( ) { }
1 s
1
x J L
2
0
+
= .
Now according to change of scale property, we get
If ( ) [ ] ( ) s f t f L =
( ) [ ] |

\
|
=
a
s
f
a
1
at f L
( ) [ ]
1
a
s
a
1
ax J L
2
0
+ |

\
|
=
2 2 2 2
a s
1
a .
a s
1
.
a
1
+
=
+
= . Ans.
Q.No.3.: Find the Laplace transform of ( ) bt J e
0
at
.
Sol.: We know that ( ) { }
2 2
0
a s
1
ax J L
+
= .
Laplace Transforms: LT of Periodic functions, Special functions [Bessel functions, Error function]
Prepared by: Dr. Sunil, NIT Hamirpur (HP)
8
( ) [ ]
( )
2 2
0
at
b a s
1
bt J e L
+ +
=



( )
( )
2 / 1
2 2 2
2 / 1
2 2 2
b as 2 a s
b as 2 a s
1

+ + + =
+ + +
= . Ans.
Q.No.4.: Show that (i) ( ) ( )
( )
2 / 3
2 2
0
a s
s
at tJ L
+
= ,
(ii) ( )
125
3
dt t 4 tJ e
0
t 3
0
=

.
Sol.: (i): We know that ( ) { }
2 2
0
a s
1
at J L
+
= .
( ) { } ( ) [ ] at J L
ds
d
at tJ L
0 0
=
( )
2 / 1
2 2
a s
1
ds
d
+
=
( )
( ) ( )
2 / 3
2 2
1 2 / 1
2 2
a s
s
a s
s 2
.
2
1
+
=
+
=
+
. Ans.
(ii): ( )dt t 4 J te
0
t 3
0


We know that ( ) { }
2 2
0
a s
1
at J L
+
= ( ) ( )
16 s
1
t 4 J L
2
0
+
= .
( ) { }
( )
( )
2 / 3
2
2 / 3
2 2
0
16 s
s
s 2 .
16 s
1
2
1
16 s
1
ds
d
t 4 tJ L
+
=
+
=
(
(

+
= .
By definition, we get
( )
( )
2 / 3
2
0
st
0
16 s
s
dt t 4 tJ e
+
=

.
Putting s = 3, we get
( )
( )
( )
125
3
25
3
16 3
3
dt t 4 tJ e
2 / 3 2 / 3
2
0
t 3
0
= =
+
=

. Ans.
Q.No.5.: Solve 0 xy
dx
dy
dx
y d
x
2
2
= + + , ( ) 2 0 y = , ( ) 0 0 y = .
Sol.: We have ( ) ( ) ( ) 0 xy L y L y x L = + +
( ) ( ) [ ] ( ) [ ] 0
ds
y d
0 y y s 0 y 0 sy y s
ds
d
2
= +
Putting values of ( ) 2 0 y = , ( ) 0 0 y = , we get
Laplace Transforms: LT of Periodic functions, Special functions [Bessel functions, Error function]
Prepared by: Dr. Sunil, NIT Hamirpur (HP)
9
( ) 0 y s
ds
y d
1 s
2
= + + .
Separating the variables, we get
c
1 s
sds
y
y d
2
=
+
+

( ) c log 1 s log
2
1
y log
2
= + +
( ) 1 s
c
y
2
+

= .
Inversion gives ( ) x J c y
0
=
To find c , we have ( ) ( ) 2 c 0 J c 0 y
0
= =
Hence ( ) x J 2 y
0
= . Ans.
Q.No.6.: Solve 0 ty 4 y ty = + + , ( ) ( ) 0 0 y , 3 0 y = = .
Sol.: We have ( ) ( ) ( ) 0 ty L 4 y L ty L = + +
( ) ( ) [ ] ( ) [ ] 0 y
ds
d
4 0 y y s 0 y 0 sy y s
ds
d
2
= +


Putting values of ( ) ( ) 0 0 y , 3 0 y = = , we get
[ ] [ ] 0 y
ds
d
4 3 y s s 3 y s
ds
d
2
= +

[ ] [ ] 0 3 y s s 3 y 4 y s
ds
d
2
= + +


( ) 0 3 3 y s y s 2 y
ds
d
4 s
2
= + + + ( ) 0 y s y
ds
d
4 s
2
= + + .
Separating the variables, we get
c ds
4 s
s
y
y d
2
=
+
+

( ) c log 4 s log
2
1
y log
2
= + +
4 s
c
y
2
+

=
Inversion gives ( ) t 2 J c y
0
= .
To find c , we have, ( ) ( ) 0 J c 0 y
0
= , 3 c = ( ) [ ] 1 0 J
0
= Q
( ) t 2 J 3 y
0
= .
Hence this is the required solution.
2. ERROR FUNCTIONS:
Q.No.1.: Find the Laplace transform of ( ) t erf e
t 2
.
Sol.: We know that ( ) { }
1 s s
1
t erf L
+
= .
( ) { }
( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) 1 s 2 s
1
1 2 s 2 s
1
t erf e L
t 2

=
+
= . Ans.
Laplace Transforms: LT of Periodic functions, Special functions [Bessel functions, Error function]
Prepared by: Dr. Sunil, NIT Hamirpur (HP)
10
Q.No.2.: Find the Laplace transform of ( ) t erf . t .
Sol.: We know that ( ) { }
1 s s
1
t erf L
+
= .
Also if ( ) { } ( ) s f t f L = , then ( ) [ ] ( ) ( ) [ ] s f
ds
d
1 t f t L
n
n
n n
= .
( ) [ ]
( ) 1 s s
1
ds
d
t terf L
+
=
2 3
s s
1
ds
d
+
=

( ) ( )
( )
( )
2 3
2 3
2 / 1
2 3
s s
ds
d
.
s s
s s
2
1
1
+
+
+
=

( )
( ) s 2 s 3
s s 2
1
2
2 / 1 1
2 3
+
+
=
+


( )
( )
2 / 3
2 3
s s
2 s 3
2
s
+
+
=
( )
( )
2 / 3 3
1 s
2 s 3
s 2
s
+
+
=
( )
( )
2 / 3 2
1 s
2 s 3
s 2
1
+
+
= . Ans.
*** *** *** *** ***
*** *** ***
***
The End The End The End The End

Você também pode gostar