adiabatic process, in thermodynamics, change occurring within a system as a result of transfer ofenergy to or from the system in the form

of work only; i.e., no heat is transferred. A rapid expansion or contraction of a gas is very nearly adiabatic. Any process that occurs within a container that is a good thermal insulator is also adiabatic. Adiabatic processes are characterized by an increase in entropy, or degree of disorder, if they are irreversible and by no change in entropy if they are reversible. Adiabatic processes cannot decrease entropy.

the importance of adiabatic processes in chemical industry

Adiabatic process
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An adiabatic process is defined as one with no heat transfer into or out of a system: dQ=0. We can prevent heat flow either by surrounding the system with thermally insulating material or by carrying out the process so quickly that there is not enough time for appreciable heat flow. From the first law, we find that for every adiabatic process, dQ = dv + dw = 0, du = -dw

when a system expands adiabatically. dW is positive (the system does work on its surroundings), so DU is negative and the internal energy decreases. When a system is compressed adiabatically, dW is negative (work is done on the system by its surroundings) and DU increases. In many (but not all) systems, an increase of internal energy is accompanied by a rise in temperature. The compression stroke in an internal-combustion engine is almost an adiabatic process. The temperature rises as the air-fuel mixture in the cylinder is compressed. The expansion of the burned fuel during the power stroke is also nearly an adiabatic expansion with a drop in temperature.

When the net heat lost or gained by the unit to or from the surroundings is zero.

Uma turbina adiabtica isentrpica?

Estranhei o enunciado de um exerccio que dizia que certa turbina opera adiabticamente, com rendimento isentrpico de 88%. Se dQ = Tds, ento algo adiabtico no deveria ser isentrpoco?

importante antes de tudo esclarecer a linguagem, pra evitar confuses, porque este tpico em termodinmica bem sutil. Nenhum equipamento "adiabtico" ou "isentrpico"; esses dois termos se referem somente aos processos termodinmicos em si. Um processo adiabtico aquele em que no h trocas de calor entre o sistema em questo, neste caso a turbina, e a vizinhana. Quando o processo adiabtico, ainda duas coisas podem acontecer: se ele for reversvel, a variao de entropia zero; se ele for irreversvel, maior que zero. Um processo isentrpico a combinao simultnea: processo adiabtico E reversvel. Assim, se a turbina opera adiabaticamente, ela no troca calor com a vizinhana, mas o gs passando por ela expande-se para realizar trabalho e estaexpanso pode ser irreversvel, da a eficincia isentrpica de 88%: a cada 100 unidades de trabalho realizadas pela turbina ao passar por um processo adiabtico e reversvel, ela produz 88 unidades em um processo adiabtico porm, em parte, irreversvel. Resumo: Isentrpico = adiabtico + reversvel Adiabtico reversvel: dQ = 0 e dS = 0 Adiabtico irreversvel: dQ = 0 e dS > 0

Obs: ainda a palavra reversvel precisa de mais um detalhe, que em geral nem muito mencionado: h processos a) internamente reversveis b) externamente reversveis c) totalmente reversveis