Lintag, Ana Devorah M.

BSHTM TTM 3

LEARNING JAPANESE
Japanese Pronouns are very important because its structure is used in every day conversation. It includes personal pronouns (refer to the persons speaking, the persons spoken to, or the persons or things spoken about), indefinite pronouns, relative pronouns (connect parts of sentences) and reciprocal or reflexive pronouns (in which the object of a verb is being acted on by verb's subject). Here are some examples:

EIGO
Pronouns I You He She We They Me You Him Her Us Them My Your His Her Our Their Mine Yours His Hers Ours Theirs Daimeishi Watashi Anata Kare Kanojo Watashi tachi Karera Watashi wo Anata wo Kare wo Kanojo wo Watashi tachi wo Karera wo Watashi no Anata no Kare no Kanojo no Watashi tachi no Karera no Watashi no mono Anata no mono Kare no mono Kanojo no mono

NIHON

Watashi tachi no mono Karera no mono

Ex. I speak You speak He speaks She speaks We speak They speak My book Your book His book Her book Our book Their book Watashi hanashi masu Anata hanashi masu Kare hanashi masu Kanojo hanashi masu Watashi tachi hanashi masu Karera hanashi masu Watashi no hon Anata no hon Kare no hon Kanojo no hon Watashi tachi no hon Karera no hon

Japanese Adjectives
These are words that describe or modify another person or thing in the sentence. It is very important because its structure is used in every day conversation. In Japanese language, there are two kinds of adjectives: regular adjectives called iadjectives and irregular adjectives called na-adjectives. Here, we introduced i-adjectives such as big and small, hot and cold. The i-adjectives conjugate into different forms, affirmative or negative, present or past. All i-adjectives end with i. Each form can be made by changing the last, -i as follows. ex. atsui (hot) Affirmative atsui atsu-katta Negative atsu-kunai atsu-kunakatta

Present Past

Here are some examples: List of the Adjectives, Colors, Shapes, Sizes in Japanese placed in a table.

EIGO
Colors black blue red white yellow

NIHON
Iro kuroi aoi akai shiroi kiiroi

Sizes big deep long narrow short small tall thick thin wide Shapes circular square tastes bitter fresh salty sour spicy sweet Qualities bad clean cold difficult dirty fast good hard heavy inexpensive light new noisy old correct slow soft weak wet wrong young warm cheap expensive sweet

Ookisa ookii fukai nagai semai mijikai chiisai takai atsui usui hiroi Keijou marui shikakui aji nigai shioke no nai shiokarai suppai karai amai Seishitsu warui kirei atsui muzukashii kitanai hayai yoi katai omoi yasui karui atarashii urusai furui tadashii osoi yawarakai yowai shimetta machigatta wakai atatakai yasui takai amai

Japanese verbs
These are words that convey action (bring, read, walk, run), or a state of being (exist, stand). In most languages a verb may agree with the person, gender, and/or number of some of its arguments, such as its subject, or object. Japanese verbs can be classified in several ways. The two most important classifications in learning Japanese verbs, group belonging and transitive or intransitive, are introduced here. Here are some examples: Regular Verbs

NIHON
tabe masu nomimasu kaimasu mimasu misemasu kakimasu okurimasu tsukurimasu tsukaimasu aimasu ikimasu kimasu kaerimasu arimasu imasu hanashimasu yakushimasu nemasu okimasu kowaremasu naoshimasu agemasu moraimasu karimasu agarimasu sagarimasu shimasu yakimasu kirimasu kimasu nugimasu torimasu norimasu orimasu suwarimasu

EIGO
to eat to drink to buy to watch, look, see to show to write, draw, paint to send to make, produce, cook to use to meet / to match, fit to go to come to return to have, be at, exist (inanimate object) to have, be at, exist (animate object) to talk, speak to translate to lie down, go to bed to get up, wake up, happen, occur to be broken to repair, fix to give, present / to raise, lift up to receive, be given to borrow, rent to go up, rise to go down, drop to do, play (something) to grill, bake, roast, toast to cut to wear, put on (clothes) to take off (shoes, clothes) to take, get / to take a picture to get on, ride to get off to sit, have a seat

araimasu magarimasu tomarimasu fuemasu herimasu naraimasu oboemasu oshiemasu shirabemasu wasuremasu hajimarimasu owarimasu akemasu shimemasu kachimasu makemasu magarimasu tomarimasu

to wash to turn, curve to stop / to stay (the night), lodge to increase to decrease to learn to memorize, learn, master to teach, inform, notice, let somebody know to check, investigate to forget to begin, start, open to finish, end to open to close to win to lose (a game) to turn, curve to stop / to stay (the night), lodge Suru Verbs [noun] o shimasu / suru

NIHON
benkyoo choosa chuumon denwa genshoo hantai happyoo hatsubai henji henka honyaku hookoku insatsu kaihatsu kakunin kanri kansei keisan kekkon kenkyuu kensa kensaku kentoo kesseki kikoku

EIGO
to learn, study to investigate, inquire to order (goods) to phone, call to decrease, drop to oppose, be against to announce to release, be on sale to reply, answer to change to translate to report to print to develop to check, confirm to manage, control to complete to calculate to get married to study, research to check, test, inspect to search to discuss, study, think over be absent from to return to one's country

Verb Groupings: Classification according to conjugation Japanese verbs have inflection. They are classified into three groupings according to the way they are conjugated. Verbs in the same group follow the same rule when making various verb forms (with some exception). Group 1 : most i-ending verbs (iki-masu, kaki-masu, ai-masu) Group 2 : all e-ending verbs (tabe-masu, ake-masu, de-masu) some i-ending verbs (mi-masu, i-masu, kari-masu) Group 3 : two verbs; shimasu and kimasu (to come) Transitive verbs and Intransitive verbs Japanese transitive and intransitive verbs are written using the same Kanji but are read differently in many cases. In our materials, they are entered separately; "vt." is used to indicate transitive verb, "vi." for intransitive verb. Transitive verb ex. kowashimasu (vt.) kowaremasu (vi.) Intransitive verb

Kodomo wa jitensha o kowashimashita. My child broke a bicycle. Jitensha wa kowaremashita. A bicycle broke.

List of the conjugated Verbs in the present past and future in Japanese placed in a table.

EIGO
Verbs Past I spoke I wrote I drove I loved I gave I smiled I took Future I will speak I will write I will drive I will love

NIHON
dooshi kako watashi wa hanashi mashi ta watashi wa kaki mashi ta watashi wa unten shi mashi ta watashi wa aishi mashi ta watashi wa age mashi ta watashi wa warai mashi ta watashi wa tori mashi ta mirai watashi wa hanasu deshou watashi wa kaku deshou watashi wa unten suru deshou watashi wa aisuru deshou

I will give I will smile I will take Present I speak I write I drive I love I give I smile I take Verb Conjugation:

watashi wa ageru deshou watashi wa warau deshou watashi wa toru deshou genzai watashi wa hanashi masu watashi wa kaki masu watashi wa unten shi masu watashi wa aishi masu watashi wa age masu watashi wa warai masu watashi wa tori masu

To make each form, other than the masu form, there are certain rules which must be followed depending on which group a verb belongs to. : Masu form: masu masen mashita masendeshita Plain form: root form nai form ta form nakatta form masu form affirmative masu form negative masu form past affirmative masu form past negative Plain form affirmative (dictionary form) Plain form negative Plain form past affirmative Plain form past negative

EIGO
I can accept that she added it we admit it they advised him I can agree with that she allows it we announce it I can apologize she appears today they arranged that I can arrive tomorrow she can ask him she attaches that

NIHON
watashi wa sore wo ukeireru koto ga deki masu ] kanojo wa sore wo kuwae mashi ta watashi tachi wa sore wo mitome masu karera wa kare ni jogen shi mashi ta watashi wa sore ni doui deki masu kanojo wa sore wo kyoyou shi masu watashi tachi wa sore wo happyou shi masu watashi wa shazai deki masu kanojo wa kyou sugata wo mise masu karera wa sore wo seiri shi mashi ta watashi wa ashita touchaku deki masu kanojo wa kare ni tazuneru koto ga deki masu kanojo wa sore wo tsuke masu

we attack them they avoid her I can bake it she is like him we beat it they became happy I can begin that we borrowed money they breathe air I can bring it I can build that she buys food we calculate it they carry it they don't cheat she chooses him we close it he comes here I can compare that she competes with me we complain about it they continued reading he cried about that I can decide now she described it to me we disagree about it they disappeared quickly I discovered that she dislikes that we do it they dream about it I earned he eats a lot we enjoyed that they entered here he escaped that I can explain that she feels that too we fled from there they will fly tomorrow I can follow you

watashi tachi wa karera wo kougeki shi masu karera wa kanojo wo sake masu watashi wa sore wo yaku koto ga deki masu kanojo wa kare ni nite i masu watashi tachi wa sore wo uchi masu karera wa shiawase ni nari mashi ta watashi wa hajime rare masu watashi tachi wa okane wo kari mashi ta karera wa kuuki wo sui mashi ta watashi wa sore wo motteiku koto ga deki masu watashi wa sore wo tsukuru koto ga deki masu kanojo wa tabemono wo kai masu watash tachi wa sore wo keisan shi masu karera wa sore wo hakobi masu karera wa damashi masen kanojo wa kare wo erabi masu watash tachi wa sore wo toji masu kare wa koko ni ki masu watashi wa sore wo hikaku deki masu kanojo wa watashi to kyosou shi masu watashi tachi wa sore nitsuite fuhei wo ii masu karera wa yomi tsuzuke mashi ta kare wa sore wo nakisakebi mashi ta watashi wa ima kimeru koto ga deki masu kanojo wa watashi ni sore wo setsumei shi mashi ta watashi tachi wa sore nitsuite hantai shi masu karera wa sugu ni kie mashi ta watashi wa sore wo hakken shi mashi ta kanojo wa sore ga kirai desu watashi tachi wa sore wo shi masu karera wa sore nitsuiteno yume wo mi masu watashi wa kasegi mashi ta kare wa takusan tabe masu watashi tachi wa sore wo tanoshimi mashi ta karera wa koko kara hairi mashi ta kare wa sore kara nogare mashi ta watashi wa sore wo setsumei deki masu kanojo mo sore wo kanji masu watashi tachi wa soko kara nige mashi ta ] karera wa ashita tobu deshou watashi ga anata ni shitagau koto ga deki masu

she forgot me we forgive him I can give her that she goes there we greeted them I hate that I can hear it she imagine that we invited them I know him she learned it we leave now they lied about him I can listen to that she lost that we made it yesterday they met him I misspell that I always pray she prefers that we protected them they will punish her I can put it there she will read it we received that they refuse to talk I remember that she repeats that we see it they sell it I sent that yesterday he shaved his beard it shrunk quickly we will sing it they sat there I can speak it she spends money we suffered from that they suggest that I surprised him she took that

kanojo wa watashi wo wasure mashi ta watashi tachi wa kare wo yurushi masu watashi wa kanojo ni sore wo ageru koto ga deki masu kanojo wa soko e iki masu watashi tachi wa karera wo mukae mashi ta watashi wa sore ga kirai desu watashi wa sore wo kiku koto ga deki masu kanojo wa sore wo souzou shi masu watashi tachi wa karera wo shoutai shi masu watashi wa kare wo shit te i masu kanojo wa sore wo manabi masu watashi tachiware wa ima tachi masu karera wa kare nitsuite uso wo tsuki mashi ta watashi wa sore wo kiku koto ga deki masu kanojo wa sore wo nakushi mashi ta watashi tachi wa kinou sore wo tsukuri mashi ta karera wa kare ni ai mashi ta watashi wa sono tsuzuri wo machigae mashi ta watashi wa itsumo inori masu kanojo wa sore ga suki desu watashi tachi wa karera wo hogoshi mashi ta karera wa kanojo wo bassuru deshou watashi wa sore wo soko ni oku koto ga deki masu kanojo wa sore wo yomu deshou watashi tachi wa sore wo uketori mashi ta karera wa hanasu koto wo kobami masu watashi wa sore wo oboe te i masu kanojo wa sore wo kurikaeshi masu watashi tachi wa sore wo mi masu karera wa sore wo uri masu watashi wa kinou sore wo okuri mashi ta kare wa hige wo suri mashi ta sore wa kyuusoku ni chijimi mashi ta watashi tachi wa sore wo utau deshou karera wa soko ni suwari mashi ta watashi wa sore wo hanasu koto ga deki masu kanojo wa okane wo tsukai masu watashi tachi wa sore ni kurushimi mashi ta karera wa sore wo shisa shi mashi ta watashi wa kare wo odorokase mashi ta kanojo wa sore wo tori mashi ta

we teach it they told us she thanked him I can think about it she threw it we understand that they want that I can wear it she writes that we talk about it they have it I watched it I will talk about it he bought that yesterday we finished it

watashi tachi wa sore wo oshie masu karera wa watashi tachi ni ii mashi ta kanojo wa kare ni kansha shi mashi ta watashi wa sore ni tsuite kangaeru koto ga deki masu kanojo wa sore wo nage mashi ta watashi tachi wa sore wo rikai shi masu karera wa sore wo nozomi masu watashi wa sore wo kiru koto ga deki masu kanojo wa sore wo kaki masu watashi tachi wa sore nitsuite hanashi masu karera wa sore wo motte i masu watashi wa sore wo mi mashi ta watashi wa sore nitsuite hanasu deshou kare wa sore wo kinou kai mashi ta watashi tachi wa sore wa yarioe mashi ta

JAPANESE NOUNS EIGO

Vocabulary Countries Australia Cambodia Canada China Egypt England France Germany Greece India Indonesia Italy Japan Mexico Morocco Peru kuni oosutoraria kanbojia kanada chuugoku ejiputo eikoku furansu doitsu girisha indo indoneshia itaria nippon mekishiko morokko peruu

NIHON
goi

Spain Thailand USA Languages Arabic Chinese English French German Greek Hebrew Hindi Italian Japanese Korean Latin Russian Spanish Urdu Days Monday Tuesday Wednesday Thursday Friday Saturday Sunday time hour minute second
food almonds bread

supein tai amerikagasshuukoku gengo arabia go chuugoku go ei go furansu go doitsu go girisha go heburai go hindii go itaria go nihon go kankoku go raten go roshia go supein go uruduu go youbi getsuyoubi kayoubi suiyoubi mokuyoubi kinyoubi doyoubi nichiyoubi jikan jikan fun byou
shokuhin aamondo pan

breakfast butter candy cheese chicken cumin dessert dinner fish fruit ice cream lamb lemon lunch meal meat oven pepper plants pork salad salt sandwich sausage soup sugar supper turkey apple banana oranges peaches peanut pears pineapple

choushoku bataa ame chiizu toriniku kumin dezaato seisan sakana kudamono aisukuriimu ko hitsuji no niku remon chuushoku shokuji niku oubun koshoo shokubutsu butaniku sarada shio sandoicchi souseiji suupu satou yuushoku shichimenchou ringo banana orenji momo piinattsu nashi painappuru

grapes strawberries vegetables carrot corn cucumber garlic lettuce olives onions peppers potatoes pumpkin beans tomatoes

budou ichigo yasai ninjin toumorokoshi kyuuri ninniku retasu oriibu tamanegi koshou jagaimo kabocha mame tomato

Asking for Help and Directions

I'm lost Can I help you Can you help me Where is the (bathroom/ pharmacy) Go straight! then turn left/ right I'm looking for john One moment please Hold on please! (phone) How much is this Excuse me (to ask for something) Excuse me (to pass by) Come with me Mayotte shimai mashita Otetsudai shimashou ka Tetsudatte kuremasuka (Toire/yakkyoku) wa doko desuka Massugu itte kudasai. Soshite, hidari / migi ni magatte kudasai John wo sagashite imasu. Chotto matte kudasai Chotto matte kudasai Kore wa ikura desu ka Sumimasen Sumimasen Watashi to issho ni kite kudasai

http://mylanguages.org/japanese_pronouns.php http://www.coscom.co.jp/japaneseverb/index.html