Experiment 1 - Measurements DC Voltages & Currents EE 330 L Edmond Basilan & Francis Santiago

The objective of this experiment is to familiarize the experimenters with voltage and current. Utilizing lab equipment such as a digital multimeter (DMM) and power source (PS) were crucial in the execution of this lab.

The first step we made was setting up the DMM as a voltmeter. We connected the (-) terminal of the power supply to its ground. We then connected the black lead of the DMM to the power supplys (-) terminal and red lead to the power supplys (+) terminal. In order for the voltmeter and ammeter to work they have to be connected differently. The voltmeter needs to be wired to the circuit where it is in parallel with the resistor you are trying to measure the voltage of. The ammeter, however, needs to be wired to the circuit in series with the resistor you are trying to measure the current of. We set the power supply to the values of 1V, 2.5V, and 6V and observed the measurements from the DMM.

Power Supply 1V 2.5V 6V

DMM 1.0056V 2.5064V 5.997V

We switched the leads to see if there was any difference in the measurements. We saw how switching the leads gave us a negative voltage reading which makes sense since we are reading in the opposite direction.

Power Supply 1V 2.5V 6V

DMM -1.0056V -2.5104V -5.997V

The next step for us was setting the circuit up to resemble Figure 1 from the book. The assigned resistor values for X was 1k, 5k, and 10k. We then set the power supply to 10V. The voltage measurements we observed from the DMM is as follows: Resistor 1k 5k 10k DMM 0.0024mV 0.0017mV 0.0019mV We then recorded the resistors nominal value. 1k - Brown, black, red, and gold - 10 x 10^2 = 1,000 with tolerance = 5% 5k - Green, brown, red, and gold - 51 x 10^2 = 5,100 with tolerance = 5% 10k - Brown - 10,000 with tolerance = 1%

Prepare the digital multi meter by moving its red lead to the corresponding terminal allowing the DMM to behave like a short circuit. Be sure to check the Overload light or the CC light, neither should be lit. Set the power source to 10V then use the dmm to measure current flow of the 3 resistor values. Then compare the percent difference of the calculated values and the predicted values.

Resistor Value 1K 5K 10K

Calculated Value Predicted Value 1.014mA 1.991mA 1.003mA 1mA 2mA 1mA

Percent Difference 1.4 -0.45 0.3

Reverse the leads and recalculate the values.

Resistor Value 1K 5K 10K

Calculated Value -1.011 -1.982 -0.9993

Set up two DMMs as per figure 4. This setup will allow the experimenters to measure both current and voltage at the same time. Find two resistors with values betweens 2 and 12 . Measure the voltage and current of each respective resistor then switch the terminals and measure again. With the terminals switched a negative output should be recorded.

10K Resistor 0 0.5 1 1.5

mV 0.79 0.5031 1.0014 1.5072

mA 0 0.051 0.101 0.152

10K Resistor 0 -0.5 -1 -1.5 -0.789 -0.5029 -1.0009 -1.4998

mV 0 -0.049 -0.103 -0.149

mA

2 2.5 3

2.0084 2.5046 2.9955

0.203 0.252 0.302

-2 -2.5 -3

-2.0076 -2.5041 -2.9966

-0.201 -0.249 -0.299

5k Resistor 0 0.5 1 1.5 2.0 2.5 3.0

mV 0.0009 0.5003 1.0007 1.4926 2.0529 2.4954 2.9979

mA 0.0 0.1 0.2 0.298 0.4 0.497 0.598

5k Resistor 0 -0.5 -1 -1.5 -2.0 -2.5 -3.0

mV -0.0009 -0.4997 -1.0002 -1.4911 -2.0527 -2.4952 -2.9976

mA 0.0 -0.1 -0.2 -0.297 -0.4 -0.495 -0.593