Submitted to:

Mr.Adnan Pervaiz
Submitted by:

WAHAB KHAN
MCS 2nd
Subject: An Introduction with data structure.

Date: 09/05/2009

SARHAD UNIVERSITY OF SCIENCE AND

INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY
Introduction to Data Structure

Data Structure:-
Structure means particular way of data organization. So
data structure is refers to the organization of data in computer memory. Or the way in
which data is efficiently stored, processed and retrieved is called data structure…OR
Data structure is simply means a structure that can be used to store a given
collection of data in computer memory...

Types Of Data Structure:-

1. According to nature of size.

I. Static data structure.

II. Dynamic data structure.

Static data structure: A data structure is said to be static if we can store data up to a fix
number e.g. int, float, char, array etc.

Dynamic data structure: As the name show a dynamic data structure is that data which
allows the programmer to change its size during program execution to add or delete data
e.g. link list, tree, graph etc.

2. According to Its Occurrence.

I. Linear data structure.

II. Non-linear data structure.

Linear Data Structure:- in linear data structure data is store in conseqtive memory
location or data is stored in a sequential from e.g.Array, link-list, quee, stack etc.

Non-Linear Data Structure:- in non linear data structure the data is stored in non
consecutive memory location or data is stored in inconsequential from e.g.tree, graphs
etc.
Data: - data is a value or set of values OR data are facts concerning people, place even
objects etc...A single unit of value and data is called data items.e.g student name. the data
item divided into sub item are called group items.e.g name is divided into firs name,
middle name, last name so name is a group items. The data item that are not divided into
sub items or called elementary items.e.g roll number which is not sub divided so roll
number is an elementary item.
Information:
Processed data that can be used in decision making is called information.e.g list of
student marks is data but when it’s processed according to Ascending order of marks it
become information. That who has toped and who is failed.

Character:
A character is smallest piece of information and data file. The character may be alphabet
(A-Z) or (a-z), numbers (0-9) or special symbols such as *, /, \, %, @. - etc.

Fie ld :
A group of related characters representing some unit information is called a field for
example a person name is a field .there are three types of fields.
1. Numeric field: weight is 50 Kg.
2. Alphabetic field: Name is Ali, Asad etc.
3. Alapha numeric field: Address is H.N 77-peshawer.

Record:
Filed are grouped together to provide information about a single entity is called record
e.g. student.

Roll no Name Date_of_birth Marks

35 Fahad 10th Aug.1986 419

Fi le :
A file is a named collection of record e.g. the file name may be student and it will contain
four record e.g.

Roll No Name Date_of_birth Marks

35 Fahad 10th Aug.1986 419
14 Khalid khan 21st March 1984 415
30 Aslam khan 1th Dec.1985 394
40 Asad ullah 12th Oct.1987 317