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  • Walls

    Enviado por

    Haroun Edress
    32 visualizações25 páginas
    A wall is a continuous, continuous usually vertical structure, structure which is thin relative to its length and height. External walls help to provide shelter from our environment and internal walls divide building into compartments. The clay used for manufacturing of bricks contains hydrous aluminium silicate it contains impurities such as soda, potash and lime Too little firing produces a brick that lacks durability and strength. Rules of Bonding The bricks should be uniform in size and shape. The length of the brick should be equal to twice the

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    A wall is a continuous, continuous usually vertical structure, structure which is thin relative to its length and height. External walls help to provide shelter from our environment and internal walls divide building into compartments. The clay used for manufacturing of bricks contains hydrous aluminium silicate it contains impurities such as soda, potash and lime Too little firing produces a brick that lacks durability and strength. Rules of Bonding The bricks should be uniform in size and shape. The length of the brick should be equal to twice the

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    32 visualizações25 páginas

    Walls

    Enviado por

    Haroun Edress
    A wall is a continuous, continuous usually vertical structure, structure which is thin relative to its length and height. External walls help to provide shelter from our environment and internal walls divide building into compartments. The clay used for manufacturing of bricks contains hydrous aluminium silicate it contains impurities such as soda, potash and lime Too little firing produces a brick that lacks durability and strength. Rules of Bonding The bricks should be uniform in size and shape. The length of the brick should be equal to twice the

    Direitos autorais:

    Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
    Baixe no formato PDF, TXT ou leia online no Scribd
    Sinalizar o conteúdo como inadequado
    de 25

    Dr.

    RUHalwatura DepartmentofCivilEngineering

    INTRODUCTION
    Whatisawall? Awallisacontinuous, continuous usuallyverticalstructure, structure whichisthinrelativetoitslength andheight. Useofawall. Externalwallshelptoprovideshelterfromourenvironmentandinternalwalls dividebuildingintocompartments. Theprimefunctionofanexternalwallistoprovideshelteragainstwind,rainand thedailyandseasonalvariationsofoutsidetemperaturenormaltoitslocation,for reasonableindoorcomfort.

    Requirements

    of fW Walls ll

    Strengthandstability Resistancetoweatherandgroundmoisture Durabilityandfreedomfrommaintenance Firesafety Resistancetothepassageofheat Resistancetoairborneandimpactsound Security Aesthetics

    Types

    ofWalls

    Timbershinglewalls Thatchedwalls Soilcementblockwork Sundriedclaybrickwalls Cabook blockwork Brickworkwithburntbricks Cementsandblockwork Rubblemasonry

    Thatchedwalls

    Rubblemasonry

    Timbershinglewalls

    Brick

    Walls

    Theclayusedformanufacturingofbrickscontainshydrousaluminiumsilicate Itcontainsimpuritiessuchassoda,potashandlime Toolittlefiringproducesabrickthatlacksdurabilityandstrength. Toomuchfiringcausesthebricktomeltpartially. Theseoverburntbricksarecalledclinkerbricks.

    SriLankan

    standards
    Strength(N/mm2) 10 4.8 28 2.8

    forbricks(SLS39:1978)

    Identification

    Water absorption ratio<(%) 18 28 28

    Type1 Type2 grade1 Type2 grade2

    Bonding
    Theoverlappingarrangementofbricksinordertotiethemtogetherina massofbrickworkisknownasbonding g Bondingshouldhaveaminimumofverticaljoints. Itshouldnotbecontinuousintosuccessivecourses.

    Rules

    ofBonding

    Thebricksshouldbeuniforminsizeandshape.Thelengthofthebrick shouldbeequaltotwicethewidthofthebrickplusthicknessofone mortarjoint. Thevertical Th i ljoints j i should h ldlie li vertically i ll above b each hother h in i the h ternate courses.

    Rules

    ofBonding(cont)

    Thestretchersshouldbeusedonlyinthefacing,whileheartingshouldbedonein headersonly. Thecenterlineoftheheadershouldcoincidewiththecenterofthestretcherin thecoursebeloworaboveit. Leastnumberofbatsshouldbeused.

    Types

    ofBonds

    Following ll arethe h typesof fbonds b d used dinbrick b kmasonry: Stretcherbond Englishbond Headerbond SingleFlemishbond DoubleFlemishbond

    StretcherBond
    Allthebricksarelaidwiththeirlengthsinthelongitudinaldirectionofthe wall. Thi b This bond di isonly l useful f lf forh half lfbrick b i kthi thick kpartition titi walls. ll Inthickerwalls,isbondisnotsuitableasthereisnoproperbondageacross thewall wall.

    HeaderBond

    Allthebricksarelaidasheaderstowardsthephaseofwalls. Thisissuitableforonebrickthickwall. Usedfortheconstructionofcurvedwallandfootinginfoundations. foundations

    HeaderBond

    EnglishBond
    Inherealternatecoursesofstretchersandheadersarelaid. laid Aqueencloserisplacedafterthefirstheaderintheheadercoursesto staggerthe h vertical i ljoints j i of fsuccessive i courses. Thisbondtypeisverycommonlyuseinalltypesofconstructions

    Important

    pointsinEnglishbondConstructions

    Ah header d courseshould h ldneverstart t twith ithaqueencloser. l Aqueencloserisproviderafterthequoinheader. Eachalternateheaderiscentrallyplacedoverastretcher. Thereshouldnotbecontinuesverticaljointexceptatstoppedend. Theheartingofthickerwallsconsistofonlyheaders.

    FlemishBond

    Whenalternatestretchersandheadersarelaidineachcoursethe arrangementisknownasDoubleFlemishBond AppearanceisbetterthantheEnglishbond Batsareessentiallyused Bothfacingandbackingspacesaresame

    ImportantpointsinFlemishBond C t ti Constructions

    Ineachcoursestretchersandheadersarealternatelyplaced Thequeencloserisplacednexttothequoinheaderinalternatecourses tobreakthecontinuityoftheverticaljoints Aheaderinanycourseiscentrallysupportedoverstretcherbelowit Batsareusedforwallsequaltooddnumberofhalfbrick

    OneBrickThickWall

    OneandhalfBrickThick Wall

    Rattrap

    Bond

    Thisbondtypes yp strength g isequal q tostandardbrickwall, ,butconsumes20% % lessbricks. Thistypeofwallsaremoreearthquakeresistant. Theairmediumthatiscreatedbythebondhelpsmaintainingagoodthermal comfortinsidethebuilding. Theoverallcostsavingonthiswallcomparedtothetraditionalbrickwallis about26%. Thefirstlayerofbricksshouldbelaidasbrickonedgeinacontinuousrow, row allowingaspaceofaboutbetweenbricks.

    BricksandBats

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