Escolar Documentos
Profissional Documentos
Cultura Documentos
Agricultural Research
Dr.T.Balaguru
Head-ARSMP Division
National Academy of
Agricultural Research Management
Rajendranagar, Hyderabad – 500 407
Technology Adoption Criteria
Suitability : Needs & Environment
Production : Overall
Productivity : Risk
Inappropriate Technologies
Rainbow of Agricultural
Revolutions
Green Revolution
White Revolution
Blue Revolution
Yellow Revolution
Golden Revolution
Gene Revolution
‘Agri-Export Revolution’
Emergence of FSA
Agricultural Revolution Strategy
* Reductionistic, Disciplinary Approach
Disadvantaged Farmers:
* Small, Resource-Poor
* Harsh Environment
R & D with a Farming Systems
Perspective
Agricultural R & D Approaches
I. Conventional Approach
* Technology Farmer Increased Production
* Green, White, Blue, Yellow Revolutions !
* Total Production Increased
* RRF Benefited and RPF Bypassed
* TOT Approach
II. Innovative Approach
* Farmer Technology Farmer Increased Prodn.
* Increased Production & Providing Social Justice
* RPF and RRF Will Benefit
* FS Approach
Multiplicity of Terminologies
Farming Systems Research (FSR)
Farming Systems Research & Extension
(FSR / E)
Farming Systems Development (FSD)
On-Farm Research (OFR)
Farmer Participatory Research (FPR)
On-Farm Client Oriented Research (OFCOR)
Production Systems Approach (PSA)
Integrated Farming Systems Approach
(IFSA)
Concept of Farming Systems Approach
Farming System: Components & Interaction
Production – Crop, Livestock, Agroforestry…
Factors – Land, Labour, Capital, Energy…
Holistic View of Farming System
Interpretations:
Shaner et al (I982)
- Interdependencies Between Components
- Interaction of Components with Biophysical and
Socioeconomic Factors
Farming System
Agro-climate
Land
Agric. Crops
Farm
Household
Infrastructure
Farming System Model
Core Characters of FSA
Problem Solving Approach
Holistic Approach
Acknowledges Location Specificity
Defines Specific Client Groups
Farmer Participatory Approach
Recognizes ITK System
Bottom – Up Strategy
Interdisciplinary Approach
Emphasizes On-Farm Activities
Core Characters of FSA (Contd.)
Considers Gender Issues
Iterative and Dynamic Approach
Recognizes Interdependencies Among
Multiple Clients
Focuses on Actual Adoption
Stresses Sustainability Considerations
Complements On-Station R & D
FSA PROCESS
Target and R & D Area Selection
Extension of Results
Issues For Consideration
Integration of FSA Strategy
Complementary, but not a Substitute
Manpower Development
Organized Manpower Planning
Orientation of R & D Personnel
Skill Development: Training & Field Experience
Interdisciplinary Teamwork
Training & Policy Level Changes
Farmer Participation
Establishing Mechanism & Strengthening
Issues for Consideration
Strengthening On-Farm Activities
Orientation & Providing Guidelines
Research – Extension – Farmer Linkages
Establishment & Role Clarification
Gender Analysis
Evolving Systematic Framework
Curriculum Modification
Reorientation to Expose on FSR
Policy Issues
Sensitization & Policy Level Support
Sustainability of Farming Systems:
Issues
Increase in Productivity & Profitability
Complementarity between Components
Preservation of Agricultural Resource Base:
* Soil : Erosion, Acidity, Salinity, Alkalinity
* Water: Scarcity, Drainage, Pollution
* Flora & Fauna
* Integrated Approach
Use of Inputs:
* Internal - Maximization
* External - Minimization
Utilization of ITK
Consideration of Gender Issues
Compatibility with:
* Agro-Climatic Conditions
* Socio-economic and Cultural Factors
Conclusions
Necessity Well Established
Integration Rather Than
Isolation Required
Orientation of People Needed
Guidelines Solicited
Paradigm Shift to be
Appreciated