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J!IAJ!ICII!KISS
LONDON & NEW BRUNSWICK, NJ
7
irstpublishedintheUnitedKingdom?OOOby
TIATIIlPRSS
1ParkOrive,IondonlW117SG
andlewBrunswick,lew]ersey
?OOOTheAthlonePress
riginallypublishedasDire Ie Temps ncreMarine1991
Publisher'slote
ThepublisherswishtorecordtheirthankstotherenchMinistryoI
Culture IoragranttowardsthecostoItranslation.
BritishIibraryCataloguinginPublicationOata
A catalogue record of this book is available
jom the British Librar
!SBlO185115?O1
Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Oata
Oastur,ranoise,191?~
[OireIetemps. nglishj
Tellingtime:sketchoIaphenomenologicalchrono-logy/
ranoiseOastur:translatedbydwardBullard.
p. cm.
!ncludesbibliographicalreIerencesandindex.
!SBlO-185-115?O-1(alk.paper)
1. Time. ?. Phenomenology. J. Ieidegger,Martin,--18891976.
1. Title.
BO6J8.OJ511J ?OOO
115--dc?1
99-J6615
C!P
` `1istribindie'UHia Sti,CaidaandSouthAmericaby
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TypesetbyColumnsOesignIimited,Reading
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Jothcmcmory oI
AIcxandrc,AnnaandIcrnand.
Contents
utbor'Notc x
Iru/oyuc Xl
G/ossaq XlV
I JhcIdcaofa!hcnomcnoIogicaIChrono-Iogy I
Jhctimcofdiscoursc
IogicandphiIosophy
Jhc`tcmpcstuousncss'ofthcskctch
2 !hcnomcnoIogyandJcmporaIity I7
!hcnomcnonandphiIosophy
!hcnomcnoIogyandidcaIism
JhcinvisibiIityoftimcandthcphcnomcnoIogy
ofthcinapparcnt
3 IogicandMctaphysics 37
Jhconto-Iogyofprc-scnsc
Jhconto-IogicaI
Jhc voiccandthcvorId
4 JhcIogosofMortaIs 57
IiaIccticanddiachrony
Iogicandpoctry
Vll
Contcnts
Ii/oyuc
NotcontbcIib/ioyraby
cndix. Cbruno-/oyics
Notcs
Indcx
Vlll
73
75
I
I7I
Byvay oIan cpigraph, aIIovmcto guotcIromIcIix
Kavaisson's `!cssin' in Zictionnairc dc Iayoyic
Icrdinand Buisson, I 882) this scntcncc, apt aIso Ior
thc artoIvriting, Iromthc author oIZc/'babitudc,a
vork in vhich havc aIvays sccn thc vcry modcI oI
thcthcsis.
Tbcsccctotbcartodrauinyitodiscoucrincacb
obccttbcarticu/armanncrinubicbaccrtain]cx-
uous /inc, itsycncratiuc axu as it ucrc, aduanccs
acrossits/cnytbandbrcadtb /i[cauaucbrca[inyu
intori/cs.
and this rcmark oI !cidcggcr's rcportcd by Kogcr
Municr,inSt/courHcidcyycr!aris.ArIuycn, I2),
p. I7.
TbcnubcnIas[Hcidcyycrubat/anyuaycui//cucr
bccaab/cocxrcssinytbisccstaticZcn[cn.
ucry sim/c /anyuayc, bcrc/ics. Iincyanz
cincbcSracbc, uboscriyourui//consut/cssintbc
ucrbiayc (Gcrcdc) oanaarcnttccbnicity tbanin
tbcabso/utcna[cdncssocxrcssion.ndHcidcyycr
adduitbasmi/c.
- Intbcuturc,bi/osobica/boo[sui//no/onycr
bcucry /mycboo[s. . .
IX
Author' Note
Jhc IoIIoving tcxt rcproduccs vithout signiLcant
aItcrations vith thc cxccption oIthc cpiIoguc, addcd
subscgucntIy) thc principaI argumcnt oIa thcsis sub-
mittcdatthc\nivcrsityoIIouvamBcIgium)inJunc
I3.
Jo cIari| thc contcxt oIthis argumcnt, it sccmcd
uscIuItoaddasanappcndixthcpapcrrcadatthctimc
oIthcsubmissionoIthcthcsis.
x
Prologue
'ir[ommcnniczuGcdan[cn.Sic[ommcnzuuns.'`Vc
ncvcr comc to thoughts. Jhcy comc to us,' vrotc
!cidcggcr in onc oIthc pagcs bcaring vitncss to thc
cxpcricnccoIthinking, broughttogcthcrin a vork oI
hissigniLcantIycntitIcdusdcrIrbrunydcsZcn[cns,
'Irom thcIxpcricnccoIJhinking'.
tisthccominy initspurc nakcdncss, notthc com-
ingoIsomcthing oroIsomconc,but thc comingitscq
and its inapparcnt cvcn) vhich viII bc in gucstion
hcrc.
JhatvhatcomcsinthccomingisaIvaysthcc/car-
inyjc/aircic|oIa thought thatcanprovidc,Iorbcings
capabIc oI dcath, thc spacc oI a habitabIc c/cariny
jc/airirc|,thisis somcthingthatdidnotavaitthcbirth
oIphiIosophytobcto/dinmythorpocm.
Iorthought,as !cidcggcr rccaIIs atthc bcginning
oIthc "Icttcr on!umanism", is, in thc doubIc scnsc
oIthcgcnitivc,thoughtoIthcucrbuminnitiuumthat
is in thc grammaroIourIanguagcs thc vord "to bc"
jrc|.tisthcgiItthatcomcsIrombcingandisattbc
samc timc taking carc oI it and giving thc rcsponsc
vhichisitsduc.
Buthov can thc vcrycucnt oIthought bc thought,
thissimu/tancity invhich tvo movcmcnts oIoppositc
Xl
dircctionarconc`!ovcanthe]asbo /iybtninyvhich
at oncc unitcs and disjoints vorId and thought bc
toId`
Jhat synthcsis isaIvays aIso diacrcsis, thatgathcr-
ingisatthcsamctimcscparation,hovcvcr,isvhatis
said vithoutbccomingapparcntinthcdoubIcphonct-
icandscmanticarticuIationoIcvcrysayiny.
Ior this fIash is tbc uct cucnt o/anyuayc, vhich
docs notmcan thathuman bcings arc anachronicaIIy
thc mcasurc oIaII things but, on thc contrary, that
thcrc is no assignabIc origin oI thc diaIoguc that
immcmoriaIIyucarc.
'u
X
Te EOn AOrOe Eau'ov aurv:l it is propcr to
brcathctobcaAOrOe thatincrcascsoIitscII,!cracIitus
says, and cIscvhcrc adds that it is thc dcpth oIthis
AOrOe, rcgardcd by him as inscparabIc Irom thc vast-
ncss juastit| oIthc vorId, vhich rcndcrs thc Iimits oI
brcath unIocatabIc. AristotIc aIso undcrstands
\X
T
as an E1t8octe Ete au'o,3 a grovth into itscII, thus
granting to vhat hc cIscvhcrc namcs crVT OE).lav
nll4 amcaningIuI sound) an intcrnaI transccndcncc
vrcstingitIromthcstartoutoIthcimmancnccoIscII-
prcscncc. Jhis is thc Ioundation oIthc intrinsic his-
toricityoIspccch,vhich,throughaproccssoIconscr-
vationthatisatthcsamctimcanovcrcoming,rcndcrs
spccch, Iikc history, thc knovIcdgc and thc rcsuIt oI
itscIIand notthc monotonous itcration oIthc idcnti-
caI.
Jhis intcrnaI diaIcctic oIIanguagc, vhich aIvays
spcaks atthcsamctimcoIsomcthingcIscandoIitscII
XlI
and vhichis rcIatcd to thc structuraI intcr-subjcctivi-
tyoIdiscoursc,isthatoIanoriyinarysontancityvhich
takcsonitsIuII scnsconIy vhcnthoughton thc basis
oImortaIity.Ioritisanditisnotourovn,itprcccdcs
usvhiIstcomingtopassonIyinusinadiIIcrcnccthat
is aIso homoIogy. And, abovc aII, it "produccs" onIy
thc "nibi/oriyinarium'' oIthc vorId. tcrcatcs thcrc-
Iorc, according to thc otaKocl0< OtK01a6 that
!armcnidcs aIrcady sav coming to pass in naming,
onIy this j cvcI oI nothing Ior vhich dcath is thc
caskct.
X111
Glossary
JhcoriginaI thcsisuscd,and this transIationrctains,a
numbcr oI Iorcign vords takcn Irom Grcck and
Gcrman. Jhis shortgIossary is mcrcIy a guidc to thc
mcaningsoIthcprincipaItcrmssouscd.
Irciyni
Gcynct
Gcsrcb
statcmcnt,account,rcason
saymg
cvcntoIappropriation
rcgion,opcndomain invhicha bcingcan
bccncountcrcd,Ircccxpansc
diaIoguc,convcrsation
n addition, anoriginaIIrcnch tcrm has on occasion
bccn guotcd by thc transIator in sguarc brackcts IoI-
IovingitsIngIishtransIation.
XIV
1
The Idea of a Phenomenological
Chrono-logy
)udycmcnt is our oIdcstbcIicI, our most habituaI
hoIding-truc or hoIding-untruc. . . . I say.
`Iightningashcs'havcpositcdthcashonccas
an activity and asccondtimcas asubjcct. havc
thusprcsupposcdabcinguudcrIyingthccvcnt,a
bcingthatisnotidcnticaI to thc cvcnt butrathcr
rcmains,u,anddocsnot'bccomc'.
Iictzschc)
Can vc tcII timc` Jhis gucstion might initiaIIy sccm
pointIcss, iIvc considcr that cvcry Ianguagc, and a
ortiori thc Ianguagcs oI thc ndo-Iuropcan IamiIy,
vhosc morphoIogy rcsts on thc distinction bctvccn
noun and vcrb and vhich arc charactcriscd by thc
dcvcIopmcnt oIvcrbaI Iorms, is givcn notas a simpIc
`scmiotic' practicc that vouId cstabIish thc invcntory
oI aIrcady givcn `objccts' but as an `activity' oI thc
articuIationoIthc prcscncc in thc vorId oIa `subjcct'
vho can bc scparatcd Irom it onIy `in thc
e .
,7
:magmat:on.
-
YctthcgucstionoIthc tcmporaIity oIdiscourschas
not ccascd to hauntsccrctIythc cntircVcstcrn phiIo-
sophicaI tradition that can bc said to havc bccn born
oI thc rccction oI thc Grcck thinkcrs upon thcir
I
TchinyTimc
idiom. Vihoutundcrtakinghcrc an invcntoryoIthc
stcps that Icd to thc `nominaIist' ontoIogy oI thc
!Iatonic thcory oIidcas, vc mustncvcrthcIcss bricy
rccaII thc part pIaycd by thc `grammaticaI'` avakcn-
ingin thc cIaboration oIthc modc oIthought tcrmcd
`phiIosophy' in Grcccc. Bruno SncII, in his coIIcction
oI`studics dcvotcd to thc birth oIIuropcan phiIoso-
phy', cntitIcd Zic Intdcc[uny dcs Gcitcs (Tbc
ZiscouerotbcMind),notcs thc dccisivc charactcr oI
thctransIormation oIthcdcmonstrativcpronouninto
thc dchnitc articIc Ior thc Iormation oIphiIosophicaI
thoughtand cmphasiscsCiccro'sdiIhcuIty intransIat-
ingthc!IatonicidcaintoaIanguagcvhichIackcdit.
ButoncmustaIso rccaIIthcacccntpIaccd inthcgcnc-
sis oIphiIosophicaI thought, Irom thc singuIarity oI
thc !armcnidian sov bcing) to thc !Iatonic Je'et<
participation),onthcnominaIandvcrbaImodcoIthc
participIc.` Ior this grammaticaI `catcgory', vhich
attaincd thc highcst point oIits dcvcIopmcnt in thc
Grcck Ianguagc, is thc origin oIthc duaIity oIscnsc,
simuItancousIy cxistcntiaI and catcgoriaI, oIthc con-
ccptoIbcing. tis thiscombinationoIcsscntiaI-bcing
andaccidcntaI-bcingthatonchndshypostasiscd inthc
1oov bcing) studicdby AristotcIian rpo' iLooo(io
Iirst!hiIosophy), and it vas thc sourcc oIthc duaI
`ontoIogicaI' and thcoIogicaI probIcm poscd by
AristotIcinrcsponscto thcgucstion' 1oov"Vhatis
bcing` ") and oI thc IundamcntaI structurc that thc
MiddIcAgcsvouIdcaII`mctaphysics'.
Jhcsc tvo cxampIcs shov thc importancc Icnt to
2
TbcIdca oaIbcnomcno/oyica/Cbruno-/oyy
naming and to thc noun in thc dcvcIopmcnt oIcon-
ccptuaI thought. As has oItcn bccn rcmarkcd, thc
!Iatonic gucstionoIcsscncc coincidcs vith thatoIthc
noun, and it is prcciscIy bccausc oI this priviIcgc
accordcd to thc noun ovcr thc vcrb that phiIosophy
vas to bc dravn Irom thc bcginning to oricnt itscII
tovards thc scarch Ior scparatc Iorms. I thc
AristotcIianrcsponsctothc!Iatonico: piotoscpara-
tion) consists in shoving that `bcingissaid in scvcraI
vays'andthatitisthcrcIorcnotcxtcriortoour`intcr-
prctation', this docsnotmcan thatthcanaIysisoI Ian-
guagcundcrtakcn undcr thc titIc!1epiep]t|veio (On
Intcrrctation)makcs thc vcrb thcccntrcoIthcpropo-
sition Cn thc contrary, Ior AristotIc `thcvcrb peo)
is aIvays thc sign oov) oIvhat is said oIanotbcr
thing, knovIcdgc oI things bcIonging to a subjcct
1xoxeitevov) or containcd in a subjcct', vhich
impIics thatthc vcrb itscIIisonIy aprcdicatcand that
thcnounovoo) isthc supportoIthcintcntionaIrcIa-
tion vith thc objcct. Jhis is vhy thc vcrb, takcn in
isoIationoutsidcthcpropositionLoo)vhichaIoncis
mcaningIuI, is in rcaIity a noun, cvcn though, con-
trary to thc noun, vhich is `vithout rcIcrcncc to
timc',''itadds to its ovn mcaningthatoItimc. tis
signihcant hcrc that this x poooeioovpovov, rcIcr-
cncc to timc, docs not comc to bc idcntihcd vith thc
xrump|iofo,thcgrammaticaItcnscoIthcvcrb,but
signihcs thc prcscntassumption oIthcproposition by
thc spcakcr. Iov, this happcns onIy at thc syntbctic
IcvcI oI thc proposition as thc dchnition oI thc
3
Tc//inyTimc
ncgativccxprcssionas aoptO'ov PTa, indchnitcvcrb,
attcsts.' Jhus, vc can cIcarIy scc hcrc thc dchnition
oInounand vcrbaspurcIyIogicaIIorms vhoscintcr-
Iacing aIonc constitutcs thc AOYO indcpcndcntIy oI
thcirrcIationto `rcaI'tcmporaIity.'`
Jhc rcIation to timc, hovcvcr, is cIIcctivcIy
inscribcd in thc vcry syntax oIGrcck vhich, bcing
ndo-Iuropcan, is an incctcd Ianguagc.' Morcovcr,
this is hov it undcrstood itscII in thc trcatisc on thc
anaIysis oIIinguistic cxprcssion. Iept ePllveta (On
Intcrrctation). AristotIc cmpIoys thc samc tcrm
1'om to dcsignatc thc dccIcnsion oIthc noun as Ior
thc dccIcnsion oIthc vcrb,'` and this vord, Irom thc
vcrbm1'c, "toIaII",vas tobc transIatcd by thc Iatin
casus and rcscrvcd by thc grammarians oI thc
!cIIcnistic cpochIorthc dccIcnsion oIthcsubstantivc
aIonc, vhiIst thc vord eyAtm, vhich mcans `in-
cI:ning', scrvcd to dcsignatc thc incctions oI thc
modaIitics oI thc vcrb. n thc scction oI n
Introduction to Mctabysics dcvotcd to `Jhc grammar
oI thc vord "bcing'' !cidcggcr rcmarks that thc
choicc oI thcsc tcrms vas duc to thc Iact that thc
Grccks undcrstood bcingonthcbasisoIabcingstood
up, rcmaining standing and so IrccIy achicving a
stabIc instaIIationinthcncccssityoIitsIimit.tisvhat
hoIds itscII in this vay, in itscII, Irom its Iimit, and
thus oIIcrs itscIIto thc Iook vhich thcy tcrmcd etBo
ortBw, onthc basisoIanungucstioncd qray/os) idcn-
tihcation oIbcing vith parousia or prcscncc.' Irom
this vc undcrstand that AristotIc dcsignatcs proposi-
4
TbcIdca oaIbcnomcno/oyica/Cbrono-/oyy
tionsinthcpasttcnsc,asvcIIasthoscinthcIuturc,as
T'(Oe< PTI'O<, as tcnscs oIvcrbs, bccausc in both
cascs non-prcscncc hnds itscIIrcIatcd to thc Iorm oI
rcaIiscdandstabIcprcscncconvhichithasmcrcIyan
`obIiguc', rctrospcctivc or anticipatory vicv. Jhc
`Iorm'oIprcscnccthus hnds itscIIprcscrvcdinariu-
atiucmanncrinthcvcrymidstoItcmporaIity.''
Vhatvc arccngagcdvith hcrcisthus,on thc onc
hand, thc birth oI thc IogicaI Iorm oI j udgcmcnt
undcrstood as thc synthcsis oIconccpts and, on thc
othcr, thc impIicit undcrstanding oI discoursc as thc
prcscntation oI bcing j/'tant|. Vhat charactcriscs
AristotIc's thought is prcciscIy thatthc importancc hc
attributcs to IogicaI synthcsis divcrts his attcntion, so
to spcak, Irom thc propcrIy `discIosivc' charactcr oI
discoursc, yct vithout thc Iattcr having aIrcady bccn
rcduccd to thc status oIthcpurcand simpIc `proposi-
tion' . tisthis singuIarpositionoIAristotIc's vhichis
anaIyscd atIcngth by !cidcggcr in his coursc oI
I?5 cntitIcd Ioyi[. Zic Irayc nacb dcr abrbcit
"Iogic. Jhc QucstionoIJruth"). !cidcggcr's taskat
this pcriod, vhich sav thc compIction oIIciny and
Timc,istoaccountIorthca-tcmporaIcharactcroIIog-
icaI truth, vhich !usscrI had dchncd as idcntity and
`vaIidity' rcprcscntinginthisrcspcctthccuImination
oIthc vhoIcIogicaI tradition through anintcrroga-
tion oIits historicaI Ioundations. Vhat cmcrgcs Irom
thcanaIysis to vhichhcsubmits thcAristotcIian dch-
nition oIthc AOYO< <TOca'KO< apophantic) is that
thc dctcrmining and synthcsising charactcr oI thc
5
TchinyTimc
IogicaI proposition, though Ioundcd upon cxhibition
or prcscntation (fucuuny) constitutivc oI thc pri-
mary Iunction oI thc L oyo, can ncvcrthcIcss bc
dctachcd Irom itand prcscnt itscIIas a purc rcIation
bctvccn tvo conccpts or a IormaI synthcsis.' Iov,
vhatcharactcriscsAristotIc'spositionis that hc rccog-
niscs thc apophantic charactcr oIthc L oyo, uncovcr-
ingandshoving, insynthcsisonIy,and itis thc Iattcr
that constitutcs Ior him thc structuraI scnsc oI thc
L oyo in gcncraI. Jo thc cxtcnt that this synthcsis is
takcn as mcrcIy IormaI synthcsis, thc possibiIity oI
undcrstanding vhat mcaning, undcrstanding, intcr-
prctation and uItimatcIy Ianguagc itscII arc is Iorc-
cIoscd.' !ovcvcr, in contrast, thc Ioundcr oI
propositionaIIogichimscIIinnovayvicvcdthcL oyo
as a j udgcmcnt, i.c., thc conncction oI mcntaI rcprc-
scntationsundcrstoodas `imagcs' oIthings, butsavit
as a purc oxoovm that makcs or `Icts') thc bcing
itscIIappcar. Ior synthcsis isIor AristotIc notsoIcIya
structurc oIthc L oyo
a
by !cidcggcr, thc impossibIc aIIiancc oI rcccptivity
and spontancity, oIactivity and passivity, takcs pIacc
70
Ii/oyuc
or morc prcciscIy it yiucs risc to thc pIuraIity oI
rhythms and timcs, to thc muItipIicity oIbcings and
things.Butthat,doubtIcss,onIyapoctcouIdcxprcss.
AtthcstiIIpointoIthcturningvorId.Icithcrcsh
norcshIcss,
Icithcr Irom nor tovards, at thc stiII point, thcrc
thcdanccis,
Butncithcrarrcstnormovcmcnt.AnddonotcaIIit
hxity,
Vhcrc pastandIuturcarcgathcrcd.Icithcrmovc-
mcntIromnortovards,
IcithcrasscntnordccIinc.IxccptIorthcpoint,thc
stiIIpoint,
Jhcrc vouId bc no dancc, and thcrc is onIy thc
dancc.''
n ourVcstcrnIanguagcs,sostrongIymarkcd by thc
stamp oI mctaphysics and in vhich thc constraints
cxcrciscd by thc grammaticaI Iunctions givc such a
grcat importancc to prcdicationand thcnotion oIthc
subjcct,' is it possibIc to Ict thc siIcnt cvcnt oI thc
cncountcrcomctoIanguagc` Vhatcannotbcsaid can
pcrhaps bc rcad backvards on thc back oIa vriting
that tircIcssIy ccIcbratcs thc mourning oIprcscncc in
thc inhnitc disscmination oIsigns.'` But it is pcrhaps
aIso possibIc dircctIy toma[ca sign in thc scnsc oI
in[and not oIZcicbcn
'
' tovards thccvcntin thc
siIcnccs oIa rcstraincd spccch and through thc gracc
comcto pass oIamctamorphosis,notoIIanguagc,but
7I
TchinyTimc
oIourrcIationtoIanguagcvhcrc `thcrigouroIthink-
ing, carcIuIncss in saying and IrugaIity vith vords
hnd a vhoIIy othcr crcdit than that thcy havc so Iar
rcccivcd'.'`
Atthis timc vhcn cvcryonc is instructcdto pubIish
thc most minor draIts, vhcn thcrc arc aIrcady morc
supposcd authors than gcnuinc rcadcrs, and vhcn
thinking, Iorgctting that its nocturnaI sourcc Iics in
thcassumptionoImortaIity, associatcsitscIIcvcrmorc
vith j ournaIism and succumbs to thc iIIusion oIthc
transccndcncc oI history, it is morc important than
cvcr to rccaII that thc thinkcr, just Iikc thc poct, `is
notabIc according to thc guantity oI insignitcant
pagcs that hc docs not vritc'' and that aII spccch, in
thccxtrcmcriskoIitsuttcrancc,comcsaboutonIyasa
homagctothcsiIcnccthchcaringoIvhich,iIpossibIc,
isitssoIcvocation.
72
A Note on the Bibliography
Jradition dictatcs that a thcsis bc accompanicd by a
bibIiography. IcvcrthcIcss,havcnotj udgcditncccs-
sarytoconIormtothispracticc,givcnthcabundancc
doubtIcss cxccssivc oInotcs addcd to thc prcccding
tcxt. Yct, it has aIvays sccmcd cxtrcmcIy important,
and this appIics, in my vicv, to aII attcmpts at think-
ing,nottoIaiItocitconc'ssourccs. JhisdutyisaIIthc
morc prcssing thc Icss `povcrIuI' thc thought is and
thc Icss it cIaims to `Iound' thc cdihcc oIan `originaI'
modcoIthinking.JhisisvhythcabscnccinthispIacc
oIa dctaiIcd bibIiography signihcs Icss ncgIigcncc or
insoIcncc than itattcsts, onthccontrary,that this bricI
advcrbiaItcxthasnoothcrprctcnsionthanto `dvcII'in
thc intcrsticcs oIa tradition vhich, Ior mc, it is not a
gucstion oI`rcIuting' orcvcn oI`rcncving' butsimpIy
oIma[inyacarinthcIightoIagucstion,thatoItimc,
in thc hopc oIsccing it opcn in itscqand by itsc[to
othcr traditions oItbin[ny,onthis basis. nany casc,
havcaIvaysIocatcdthc!cidcggcriancritigucoImcta-
physics in dis pcrspcctivc, inasmuch as it rcmains
inscparabIcIromthctakingupoIa`hcritagc'truIyous
onIy bccausc, in its IivingtraditionaI naturc, it `is prc-
ccdcdbynotcstamcnt' .' Ior,tocndonanothcrIincoI
Kcnc Char's rightIy associatcd on morc than onc
73
TchinyTimc
occasion by Jcan BcauIrct vith !cidcggcrian
Zcstru[tion.
IinaIIy,i I youdcstroy,Icti tbcvithnuptiaItooIs.
74
Appendix
Chrono-logiesl
Can onc tcII thc Iightning ash oIprcscncc` Such is
thc gucstion that had aIrcady Iormcd in mc at my
/yce, vhiIc, IoIIoving thc advicc oI my tcachcr,
Moniguc !ixsaut, pIungcd at thc samc timc into
rcading Bcrgson's Tbouybt and Mouement and
Iictzschc's Tbe i//toIouerinGcncvicvcBianguis's
transIation. t sccmcd to mc thcn that poctry aIonc
couId managc, through thc cxtrcmc condcnsation oI
saying vhich it accompIishcs, to cxprcss thc movc-
mcnt oI thc rcaI, thc `changc vithout a thing that
changcs' Bcrgson spcaks oI, sincc, as Iictzschc
shovcdcIcarIy, thc `mctaphysicaIgrammar'oIphiIos-
ophyconsistsindoubIingthccvcntoIbccomingvith
asccondvorIdpcopIcdvithsubstratcsandimaginary
cntitics.
A cncountcrvithphcnomcnoIogy, tovhich vas
initiatcd, variousIy, by !auI Kicocur and Jacgucs
!crrida, thcn tcaching at thc Sorbonnc, rcvivcd this
gucstionscvcraIycarsIatcr.tvasthcrcIorcIcssinthc
contcxtoIaradicaIcritigucoIontoIogy,IoIIovingthc
IictzschianmodcIvhich sccsinbcingonIya `vapour
oI a vord', than in thc !usscrIian and abovc aII
!cidcggcrian horizon oIabenomeno/oyica/onto/oyy
75
Tc//inyTimc
thatvasdravnto IormuIatcthc samc inguiryinthc
Mastcr's disscrtation dcvotcd in 1966 to `Ianguagc
and CntoIcgy in !cidcggcr', undcr thc dircction oI
!auIKicocur.savinthisphcnomcnoIogicaIontoIogy
no Iongcr thc scicncc oI bcing idcntihcd vith vhat
on thc
contrary, tcndcrIy surrounds vhat thc Iook takcs
intovicv,itdocsnotconccivc.'
3 LOGIC AND MTAPHYSICS
1. V. von !umboIdt, |bc die iedenbeiten des
menscb/icben Sracbbaues und ibren Iin[us audie
yeitiyeIntuic[/unydesMenscbenyescb/ecbts(1 830-5)
inhiscoIIcctcdvorks,BcrIin. Bchr, 1907), voI.7, 1,
pp. 212-13 hcnccIorth \VS). 'Zie uir[/icbe
GeyenuartdcSyntbesumussy/eicbsamimmatcie//in
125
TehinyTime
dc Sracbesicb o_enbaren
.
man muss inne uerden
.
dsssie
.
y/eicb einemI/itze
.
diese/bedurcb/eucbtetund
diesuuerbindenSto_, uieeineG/utau.unbe[annten
Ieyionen
.
ineinander umo/zen bat.' Scc
!umboIdt, O Ianyuaye. tbe di.ity o buman
unyuaye strcture and it in]uence on tbe menm/
deue/oment o man[ind, trans. !ctcr !cath
Cambridgc. Cambridgc\nivcrsity !rcss, I88),p.
I 81.
2. Scc, in !cidcggcr, Ieitp e zut Ibi/osobie
IrankIurt am Main. KIostcrmann, I8), 37,
pp. 78, thc paragraph cntitIcd `!as Scyn und
scinc Irschvcigung dic Sigctik)
"Bcingand its
Kcticcncc thc Sigctic)") oIvhichthcrc IoIIovs a
provisionaItransIation.
I2
JhcIundamcntaIgucstion.boudoesbeinyoccur
juie uest das Seyn] IxpIicit rcticcncc jdie
Irscbueiyuny] is thcconsidcrcdIcgaIityoIbcing
siIcnt jItscbueiyens] (0). IxpIicit rcticcncc
is thc `Iogic' oI phiIosophy, thc IundamcntaI
gucstion. t sccks thc truth oItbe euent otbe
occur+znce oI bcing [Wahrheit cer Wesung des
Seyns],and this truth isthc signaIIingandring-
ing conccaImcnt jdie uin[end-n[/inyende
Ierboryenbeit ] thc sccrct) oI Ireiynis thc
hcsitant rcIusaI) jdie zyerde Iet:ayuny]. Vc
cannot immcdiatcIy say bcing itscIIat thc vcry
momcnt it springs Iorth in thc Icap, as cvcry
saying comcs Irom bcing and spcaks Irom its
Notes
truth. AII spccch and thus aII Iogic arc undcr
thc domination oIbcing. Jhc csscncc oI`Iogic'
scc thc coursc Irom thc summcr scmcstcr oI
I31) is conscgucntIy thc `sigctic'. t is onIy in
thc `sigctic' that thc csscncc oI Ianguagc can
attain undcrstanding. But `sigctic' is a rubric
onIy Ior thosc vho stiII think in `discipIincs'
(er] and bcIicvc thcy posscss knovIcdgc
onIyvhcnvhatissaidiscIasscdamongstthcm.
!cidcggcrrcIcrsinanotcto thccndoIthccoursc
Irom thc summcr scmcstcr oI I37 on Iictzschc
vhcrcitissaidthat`thchighcstsayingthatthinks
consists not simpIy in bcing siIcnt in thc saying
ovcr vhatispropcrIyto bc said,butinsayingitin
such a vay that itis namcd prcciscIy in thc non-
saying. Saying as bcing siIcnt jIrscbueiyen]' GA
11, I8, p. 233). t IoIIovs Irom thcsc tvo tcxts
thatvhat isatissuc isnotbcing siIcnt, but rathcr
making siIcncc comc to pass inspccch. this is thc
`pcrIormativc'scnscoI Erscbueiyen.
3. AIIov mctorcIcr hcrc to myarticIc `Iogic and
CntoIogy. !cidcggcr's "!cstruction" oI Iogic',
Iesemcb in Ibenomeno/oyy, voI. I7, I 87, pp.
5571.
1. Sein undZeit Jibingcn. Iicmcycr, I53), p. 25,
IngIish-Ianguagc trans.,IeinyandTime, trans. J.
Stambaugh AIbany, IY: S\IY !KISS, I ).
!cidcggcrsayshcrcoIAristotIcthathcnoIongcr
undcrstood diaIcctic bccauschcIocatcd itthrough
I27
TehinyTime
a movcmcnt oIu]ebuny, subIation, on a morc
radicaI ground. 'uei/ er sie aueinen radi[a/eren
Ioden ste//te und auob' my itaIics). Jhc Iast
vord is rigorousIy untransIatabIc, sincc it can
mcan hcrc, j ust as vith !cgcI, onIy thc simuI-
tancityoIanaboIition,oIaconscrvationandoIan
cIcvation (tohere, conseruare, e/euare). Scc in this
conncction !cidcggcr, Heye/' Ibenomeno/oyy o
Sirit, thc Iccturc coursc oI thc vintcr scmcstcr
I3OI, GA 32 BIoomington. ndiana \nivcrsity
!rcss, I88),p.28,asvcIIas!cidcggcr,Hebe der
Haus]eund!IuIIingcn.Icskc, I5),p. I I .
5 . A tcrm associatcd by !cidcggcr vith `incxpIicit'
to charactcrisc thc tcmporaI oricntation oI thc
GrcckundcrstandingoIbcing.
. By hyphcnating this vord am attcmpting to
transIatc thc Gcrman vord uorbanden. Scc in this
conncction notcs 2 and 7 p. I22 and I21) in
my book, Heideyyer et /a question du tems
"!cidcggcr and thc Qucstion oI Jimc") !aris.
!\.!, IO).
7. CI.SeinundZeit,o.cit. ,pp.2I2.
8. Ibid.,p.22.
. Ibid.,p.33.
I O. n Intruduction to Metabysics, trans. KaIph
Manhcim Icv !avcn, CJ and Iondon. YaIc
\nivcrsity!rcss, I5),p. I 87.
I I . Cnccanuscthc!usscrIianvocabuIaryhcrcvithits
gcoIogicaI mctaphor sincc it is stiII a gucstion vith
!cidcggcr aIso at Icast bcIorc thc `turn' as it
I28
Notes
aIrcadyvasvith!cgcI, oIaccountingIormaniIcs-
tations oI dcath in vhich thc `Iiving prcscnt',
ungraspabIc in itscII, is givcn to an aIvays aIrcady
historicaI`naturaIattitudc'.tisamattcroI`bcaring
vhatdcathis' (d Tote[stzuba/ten)and oIrcmain-
ing in it, oI `convcrting' it into bcing, as !cgcI
puts it in a Iamous passagc oIthc !rcIacc to thc
Ibenomeno/oyy o Sirit. Jo tcII thc truth, phiI-
osophy has ncvcr had, Irom !Iatonic anamncsis
to thc !usscrIian gucstioning back and to
!cidcggcrian `dc-construction', any othcr projcct
thanthis`rcturnupstrcam'.tisnotvithoutrcason
that!cidcggcraurms atthc cnd oIthc `Icttcron
!umanism' that `csscntiaI thinkcrs aIvays say thc
samc. But that docs notmcan. thcidcnticaI.' Butit
is .0 Icss truc that such a statcmcnt may sccm
arbitrary, atIcast to thosc vho havc notyctmadc
thinkingthcir`onIy'task,sinccthcscthinkcrs`onIy
sayitIoroncvhoattcmptstothinkinthcirtraccs'.
I2. SeinundZeit,o.cit. ,p.22.
I3. Ibid.,p. II. nrcIationtothcstatusoIIanguagcin
!cidcggcr's thought aIIov mc to rcIcr to my
articIc `Ianguagc and Ireiynis' in Ieadiny
Heideyyer: Commemorations, cd. ]ohn SaIIis
BIoomington:ndiana\nivcrsity!rcss, I 2),pp.
357.
I1. Ibid. 'Zen Iedeutunyen uacbsen orte zu. Nicbt
aberuerden rterdinyemitIedeutunyen uerseben'
`Vords accruc to mcanings. Butvord-things arc
not providcd subscgucntIy vith mcanings'). Vc
I2
Te//iny Time
can aIrcady disccrn hcrc thc distinction bctvccn
orte vordsinthc scnsc oIvhatis said yaru/es])
andrter 'tcrms'), a distinctionsubscgucntIy oI
cardinaI importancc to !cidcggcr. Scc in this
conncction my articIc `Ia pcnscc commc tra-
duction. Autour dc !cidcggcr' "Jhought as
JransIation. Cn !cidcggcr") Iorthcoming in thc
procccdings oIthc conIcrcncc `Ia traduction dcs
phiIosophcs' "Jhc JransIation oI!hiIosophcrs")
!ubIicationsdcIaSorbonnc).
I5. Vc h nd hcrc thc !usscrIian conccption oI
Ianguagc.SccinrcIation to thisJ. Icrrida, `Iorm
and Mcaning. A Iotc on thc !hcnomcnoIogy oI
Ianguagc' in Maryins o Ibi/osoby Chicago.
\nivcrsity oIChicago !rcss, I82), p. I55 II. Jhc
anachronism consists in rcgarding uttcranccs
yaro/es] as bcing born oI prc-cxisting mcanings
vhcrcas, as !umboIdt has shovn, it is Ianguagc
itscII as such that is at thc origin oI mcaning,
vhich can bc dctachcd Irom its `grammaticaI
cIothing'onIythroughabstraction.
I . SeinundZeit,o.cit. ,p. I 5.
I 7. Ibid. , I 8.
I 8. Ibid.,p. 87. Jhis signicare docsnotconsist onIy
in thc imposition oI mcanings on `things'. t is
abovcaIIa rccctivcscII-signihcation oIIascinto
itscII,and itisthis`rccction',this rcturn to scIIin
thc ` Ior thc sakc oIvhich' (orumui//en, vhich
corrcsponds to AristotIc's ou eVeKU and thc
Kantian Indzuec[) in thc totaIity oI rcIcrcntiaI
I3O
Notes
rcIations (Ieuandtnis) oIvhich thc vorIdhood oI
thcvorIdiscomposcd,thatconstitutcs,asvcshaII
scc, thc `articuIation' oI thc undcrstanding in
intcrprctation.
I. Ibid. Jhc tcrm [undieren' [Iounding| cIcarIy rcIcrs
tothc!usscrIianprobIcm oIthcgroundingoIthc
`catcgoriaI' inthcscnsibIc.tisunsurprisingthcnto
hndthc IoIIovingmarginaInotc tothis scntcnccin
thc'Httenexemur' [scc abovc,chaptcr2, notc31|.
' |nuabr Sracbeutnicbtau_estoc[t, sondc ist das
ursrny/icbc esen der abrbeit a/Za.' `IaIsc.
Ianguagc is not supportcd, but is thc originary
csscnccoItruthasJhcrc.')
2O. Ibid.,p.I 5.
2I . Ibid.`CntoIogyoIthcprc-scntbcing'transIatcsthc
cxprcssion'Onto/oyiedes Iorbandenen'.
22. Ibid.,p.221.
23. CI. !usscrI, Sborter or[s, cd. !ctcr McCormick
and Ircdcrick A. IIIiston Brighton. !arvcstcr
!rcss, I 8I), p. I51. t vas !usscrI vho dchncd
BoIzano's `propositionsin thcmscIvcs' as`mythicaI
cntitics suspcndcd bctvccn bcing and non-bcing'
and vho cmphasiscd that it vas thc `proIound
assimiIation' oI Iotzc's rccctions on !Iato's
thcory oI Iorms that gavc him `thc kcy to thc
curious conccptions oI BoIzano's' . AIIov mc to
rcIcr in this conncction to my articIc `!usscrI,
Iotzc ct Ia Iogiguc dc Ia "vaIiditc'' "!usscrI,
Iotzc and thc Iogic oI`vaIidity"),Iiros, 5, I1,
pp. 3I18.
I3I
Te//inyTime
21. havc bricy discusscd this spcciaI status oIdis-
coursc in Heideyyer et /a question detems !aris.
!\.!, IO),pp.7Oand778.
25. SeinundZeit,o.cit. ,p. II.
2. Ibid.,p. I17. Vc arc stiII dcaIing vith phcnomcn-
oIogy hcrc bccausc thc rcIation to sight and sccing
continucs structuraIIy to dcnnc !ascin. Jhis
phcnomcnoIogyishcrmcncuticbccauscthissightis
itscIIIoundcd on thc `circIc'inhcrcntto aII projcc-
tioninasmuchas it`articuIatcs' thcbcingsightcd in
rcIation to thc ontoIogicaI horizon that givcs it
mcanmg.
27. Ibid. A marginaI notc in thc Httenexam/at [scc
abovc, notc I| spccihcs that `thought' must bc
undcrstoodhcrcinthctraditionaIscnscoIuvoio
or Ierstand, but that onc must not undcrstand
Iersteben thc cxistcntiaI) on thc basis oIIerstand
thc undcrstanding). !cidcggcrian Iersteben docs
notsimpIymcaninte//iyere, itmustbcundcrstood
on thc basis oI thc ctymoIogy oI thc tcrm
uor-steben to vhich !cidcggcr makcs a bricI
aIIusion in Sein und Zeit, p. I13) vhich aIIics it
vith thc Grcck cmc'!l, as !cidcggcr rccaIIs in
thc Ic Jhor scminar oII, QuestionsI !aris.
GaIIimard, I7), o. cit. , p. 28. `\ndcrstanding,
Ierstndnis, must in turn bc undcrstood in thc
primaryscnscoIIorsteben. bcingstoodupbcIorc,
bcing on a IcvcI vith, bcing at thc mcasurc oI
supportingthatbcIorcvhichoncis.'
28. SeinundZeit,o.cit. ,p. I18.
I32
Notcs
29. Ibid.,p. I1.
3O. Ibid.,p. I5O.
3I . Ibid. Jhis is a cardinaI point vhich onc cannot
strcss too much. thc intcrprctation oI`somcthing
as somcthing' (Ituas a/sItuas) in no vay trans-
Iorms aprc-scntbcingintoa rcady-to-hand bcing,
a purc `scnsibIc' givcn into a thing cndovcd vith
mcaning,but consists soIcIyinthcoriginary rcpcti-
tionthroughvhichabcingisidcntqcdonthcbasis
oIits diIIcrcnccvithrcspcctto thcmcaninghIncss
oIthctotaIityoIthcvorId,vhichisaIvaysaIrcady
projcctcd. As !cidcggcr cxpIiciuy cmphasiscs in
32 (o. cit. , p. I5OII.), thc /-stru[ur thc `as'
structurc) oI intcrprctation is Ioundcd on thc
Ior-stru[turthcstructurcoIanticipation)oIundcr-
standing oIvhich, ncvcrthcIcss, it constitutcs onIy
thc dcvcIopmcnt. Jhc articuIation oI thcsc tvo
structurcs is at thc origin oI mcaning, and this
articuIation is as !cidcggcr viII subscgucnuy scc,
nothing othcr than thc opcning oI thc ontico-
ontoIogicaIdiIIcrcnccitscII.
32. Ibid.,p.I 5I .
33. As!cidcggcr cmphasiscs (o.cit. ,p. I52),i t ariscs
Iroma `ground' (Grund)thatitscIIbccomcsacccs-
sibIconIyinthccIcaringoImcaning.
31. n thc !usscrIian notion oI `hmmcnt', itscIIthc
coroIIary oIthc anticipation oImcaning, vc fd
cvidcnccthatthiscitcuurstructurcoImcaninghad
bccn sccn not onIy by Kant, but aIso by !usscrI.
!cidcggcraIIudcstothisviththcscntcncc(o.cit. ,
I33
Te//inyTime
p.I5I). `CnIy!ascin"has"mcaninginthatthcdis-
cIoscdncss oIbcing-in-thc-voHd can bc "hIhIIcd"
bythcbcingsdiscovcrabIcinit.'
35. Ibid., p. I55. [tn Joan Stambaugh transIatcs thc
scntcnccto vhich this passagc rcIcrsas. `"!ositing
thc subjcct" dims bcings dovn to Iocus on "thc
hammcr thcrc" in ordcr toIctvhatismaniIcstbc
sccninitsdctcrminabIcdchnitccharactcrthrough
thisdimmingdovn.'|
3. Ibid.,p. I58.
37. Ibid.,p.I5.
38. Ibid., p. I O. A marginaI notc in thc
Httenexem/ar[sccabovc,notcI| spccihcsthatit
is!usscHvhoisintcndcdhcrc.
3. !cidcggcr, `Icttcr on !umanism' in Iasic
ritinys,2ndrcv. cdn,cd.!. ! KrcII IcvYork.
!arpcrCoIIins, I3).
1O. n Introduction toMetabysics, o. cit. , p. I 2I . Cn
thcprcviouspagc!cidcggcrspccihcsthatbccausc
`Iogicas suchrcmains gucstionabIc' itisncccssary
`topIacc"Iogic"inguotcs'.
1I . `Icttcr on !umanism',o. cit. , p. 22I . !cidcggcr
uscs thcvcrbersetzen hcrc.
12. Ibid. ,p.2I.'ZasSeina/sI/ementdesZen[ensistin
dertecbnucbenus/eyunydesZen[ensreisyeyeben.'
KogcrMunicr'sIrcnchtransIationrcndcrsthis as.
`BcingasthccIcmcntoIthinkingisabandoncdin
thctcchnicaIintcrprctationoIthinking.'Jhctcrm
reiyeyeben that prcIcr to transIatc hcrc by
`sacrihcc' rathcr than `abandon' is a transIation oI
I31
Notes
thc Ircnch 'donner en rie' and has thc strong
scnsc oI/iurer en roie, `to bctray, to prostitutc'.
!ovcvcr, as is naturaI to a Gcrman car,
!cidcggcr pcrhaps undcrstands by this vord Icss
thcIrcnch rie' than thc Gcrman Ireu, `pricc'),
asisconhrmcdbythcsubscgucntappcaranccoIthc
tcrms Mar[, `markct') p. 2I) and ettbeuerbe,
`compctition') p. 22I) that say a good dcaI about
!cidcggcr's `mcrcantiIc' conccptionoIthcSophists
as a IoundingmomcntoIthis tcchnicaI intcrprcta-
tion oIthinkingin rcIation to vhichphiIosophy is
onIy a rcaction. Scc in this conncction bat i
Ibi/osoby? Iondon. Vision !rcss, I3), p. 5I ,
vhcrc `thc attack oI Sophist rcasoning vhich
aIvays hadrcadyIor cvcrythingan ansvcrvhich
vas comprchcnsibIc to cvcryonc and vhich thcy
putonthcmarkct' isonccagainatissuc.Jhatthc
Sophist scIIs his knovIcdgc as goods signaIs thc
`dccIinc'oIthinkingrcduccd,inthisvay,tosomc-
thingposscssingnothingmorcthananinstrumcn-
taI `vaIuc', a statc oI aIIairs conhrmcd by thc
traditionaIdchnitionoIIogicasopyovovorKarV.
Jhis cxpIains vhy !cidcggcr can dccIarc that in
this vay `vc judgc thinking by an inappropriatc
mcasurc' as `this vay oIjudging is cguivaIcnt to
thcproccdurcoItryingtocvaIuatcthccsscnccand
rcsourccs oIa hsh by sccing hov Iong it can Iivc
ondryIand'(o.cit. ,p.2I).
13. Ibid. ,p.2I 8.
11. !cidcggcr, bat is Ca//ed Tbin[iny?, trans. J.
I35
Te//iny Time
GIcnn Gray Icv York. !arpcr and Kov, I8),
p. I51. Scc aIso, On tbe ay to Ianyuaye, trans.
!ctcr !. !crtz Icv York. !arpcr and Kov,
I7I), p. 8.
15. CI.`Icttcron!umanism',o.cit. ,p.2I 8 .
1. Ibid. ,p.22I .
17. AIIovmcto rcIcr on this point to my articIc `Ia
hn dc Ia phiIosophic ct lc commcnccmcnt dc Ia
pcnscc' "Jhc cnd oIphiIosophy and thc bcgin-
ningoIthought") inHeideyyer. Questions ouuertes
"!cidcggcr. Cpcn Qucstions") C..!, Csiris,
I88),inparticuIar,pp.I257.
18. CI. `Icttcron!umanism',o.cit. ,p. 22III. vhcrc
itismadccIcarthatthcvcryconccptoIthcschooI
is mcaningIuI onIy in thc contcxt oI a tcchnicaI
intcrprctation oIthinking, cvcry schooI bcing in
thccnda`tcchnicaI'schooI.AIrcadyinI35,inn
Introduction to Metabysics (o. cit. , p. I2I),
!cidcggcrnotcdthatthcIormationoIIogicbcgan
`at thc momcnt vhcn Grcck phiIosophy rcachcd
its cnd and bccamc a schooI mattcr, oIorganisa-
tionandtcchniguc'.
1. Scc in this conncction !auI Kicocur, Tbe Iu/e o
Metabor, trans. Kobcrt Czcrny vith KathIccn
McIaughIin and John CostcIIo Iondon.
I3
KoutIcdgc, I78), p. 3 I I vho aItcr dcpIoring thc
`spirit oI vcngcIuIncss' that prcsidcs ovcr `thc
cncIosurc oI thc prcvious history oI Vcstcrn
thought vithin thc unity oI "thc" mctaphysicaI'
and rightIy considcring thc Iattcr to bc an `aItcr-
Notes
thc-Iact construction', dccIarcs that. `t sccms to
mc timc to dcny oncscII thc convcnicncc, vhich
hasbccomca Iazincss inthinking, oIIumpingthc
vhoIcoIVcstcrn thoughttogcthcrundcrasingIc
vord, mctaphysics.' Jhis is a criticism cchocd by
Jacgucs!crridavho,rcpIyingto!auI Kicocurand
rchsingto aIIovhisovnprobIcm to bc takcnas a
`radicaIisation oIthc !cidcggcrian movcmcnt that
is continuou vith it', aurms that. `t is not a
gucstionIormcoItaking"mctaphysics" ['l' meta-
bysique] as thc homogcncous unity oIa totaIity.
havcncvcrbcIicvcd inthccxistcnccoIsuchathing
as tbe "mctaphysicaI" [Ia membysique]' . Isycbe
!aris. GaIiIcc, I87), p. 72. Aconvcnicncc,atoncc
Iazy and vcngcIuI or an unvarrantcd proccss oI
homogcnisation, in both cascs thc vcry identity oI
thcVcstand oIitshistoryis putin gucstion to thc
cxtcnt thatitis rootcd as!usscrl aIrcady saidand
sav |n this nothing Icss than a `rcvoIution vithin
historicity') in thc appcarancc oIthc phiIosophicaI
attitudcoI8ECpta, avayoIcharactcrisingthinking
that, Ior !cidcggcr, `aIrcady occurs vithin thc
"tcchnicaI" intcrprctation oIthinking'as`arcactivc
attcmpttoprcscrvcthcautonomyoIthinkingovcr
againstactingand doing''Icttcron!umanism',
o. cit. , p.2I ). Vhatcannot,itappcars to mc, bc
dcnicd isIcss thc `idcntity' oIthcVcstitscIIthan
thcIactthatthcVcstcouId, asahistoricaIproccss,
havcconsistcdonIyinacontinuouromotionotbe
One and o Identity not onIy Irom thc scicntihc,
I37
Te//inyTime
butaIso IromthcrcIigious andpoIiticaI, points oI
vicv), as thcVcstcrnisationoIthcpIanctvhichis
aIso a `uni-Iormisation' bcars vitncss today.
!oubtIcss, this history is morc thc rcsuIt oIa sum
oIchancc occurrcnccs than thc dcvcIopmcnt oIa
programmc. itrcmains thc casc though thatIrom
thc retrosectiue point oIvicv oIuni-hcation (un
regard uni-cateur], vhich rcmains Vcstcrn
and phiIosophicaI !cidcggcr vouId simpIy say
`Grcck'), it is possibIc prcciscIy to saIcguard thc
originaIity oI `grcat bcginnings' othcr than thc
Grcck and to initiatc a diaIoguc vith thcm that
vouIdbcaIicnatingncithcrIorthcmnorIorus,to
idcntiIy, in thc modc oI thc Iuturc antcrior and
undcrthcassumednameoI`mctaphysics' , thcIong
and ]ee historicaI sequence vhosc provisionaI
rcsuItvcarc,vcvhocanspcakonIyvithothcrs
anditisaconditioncommontoaIIundcrthcpro-
tcction and by mcans oI namcs that arc at oncc
`posthumous' and `Iorc-runncrs' in thc `rcsponsibiI-
ity'oIan`aItcrthccvcnt'thatsignaIsthchnitudcoI
aIIthinking.
5O. `Icttcron!umanism',o.cit. ,p. 22O.
5I . J. BcauIrct, Ieome de Iarnid, !aris. !\.I,
I55),p. 35.
52. n Tbe Irinci/e o Ieason ndiana. ndiana
\nivcrsity !rcss, II), p. I21, aItcr having
cmphasiscd that undcr thc constraint oI thc
dcmand IorthcrcndcringoIsuIhcicntrcasonsIor
aII things, `thc IundamcntaI charactcr oIcontcm-
I38
Notes
porary human cxistcncc that cvcryvhcrc vorks
Ior ccrtainty is consoIidatcd', !cidcggcr rcmarks
that `Icibniz, thc discovcrcr oI thc IundamcntaI
principIcoIsuucicntrcason,vasaIsothcinvcntor
oI"IiIcinsurancc" '.
53. CI.!cidcggcr,Identitt undZqerenz !IuIIingcn.
Icskc, I 57), IngIish-Ianguagc cdn, Identity and
Zy rence, trans. Joan Stambaugh Icv York.
!arpcrand Kov, I), p.5O.!cidcggcr cmpha-
siscsinthispassagcthatthcrctroccssivcmovcoIa
`stcp back' prcciscIy docs not havc thc rcsuIt oIa
`construction'aItcrthccvcntoran`objcctivisation'
oIthcpast,butconsists,on thccontrary, inIctting
thctotaIityoIthchistoryoIVcstcrnthoughtcome
tousinan `ovcragainst' jenace] (Geyenber)that
is not an objcctivc (Geyenstand) rcprcscntation.
!cidcggcrrcIcrshcrctoapassagcinTbeIrinci/e
o Ieason (o. cit. , p. 87) vhcrc it is cxpIicitIy
cmphasiscd thatin thc Geyenber, thc Geyen thc
against) rcvcaIs itscIInotthroughthcobjcctivising
`throv'onthcpartoIthc`subjcct'(Geyenstandsays
hrst oI aII in Gcrman, as !cidcggcr rccaIIs,
Geyenuur[, `throvagainst',onthcbasisoIaIitcraI
transIation oI thc Iatin obectum), but through
vhatcomcstohumans(berdenMenscben[ommt)
andsurpriscsthcm(uasdenMenscbenber[ommt).
!crc coming aItcr thc cvcnt is thc modaIity oIa
thinking thatvants to bc,not thc Ioundationand
scizurc oIthc things oIthc past (Zas Ieryanyene),
but thc rcccption and dc-hnition oIa `prcscncc'
I3
TehinyTime
(nuesen)oIvhathas bccnand comcs to us Irom
thcIuturc.
51. Ibid. ,p.57.
55. Ibid. SccIdentittundZyerenz,o.cit. ,p. 51. Jhc
vcrbryen, vhich bcars thc scnsc oIimprinting,
striking, Iorging, cngraving, is probabIy dcrivcd
Irom thc ndo-Iuropcan root*bbrey- vhichgavc
brecben to brcak) in Gcrman and]anyere and
]aymentuminIatin. Cncmustundcrstandbythis
tcrm,asuscdhcrc,thcimpositionoIaIormvhich
is at thc samc timc thc possibiIity oI a brcak-
through,oIavayoutoIvithdravaI.
5. Ibid. ,p..
57. Cf!cidcggcr, `IinIcitungzuVas istMctaphysik` '
`ntroduction to "Vhat is Mctaphysics` "') m
eymar[en, Irankhrt am Main. KIostcrmann,
I7),p.2O8.
58. IdentittundZyrenz,o. cit. ,p. 55 . 'Zaberutahe
Metabysi[im G:tndeuom GundeaudasGnden,
dasuom GundedieIecbenscbayibt,ibmIedestebt
und ibn scb/iesshcb zur Iede steht' `JhcrcIorc aII
mctaphysics isatbottom, and Iromthcground up,
vhat grounds, vhat givcs account oIthc ground,
vhatiscaIIcdto accountbythcground,andhnaIIy
vhatcaIIsthcgroundtoaccount'. trans. p.58).Jhc
cxprcssions emandem Iede steben' and emanden
zur Iede ste//en' ccrtainIy mcan rcspcctivcIy `bc
caIIcd to accountby somconc' and `caIIsomconcto
account',butthctcrmIede musthcrc bctakcn in
thc scnsc oIdiscourscsincc, as !cidcggcr rcmarks
I1O
Notes
`inpassing' ('seinurbei/aybeme o.cit. ,p.7,
trans. p. ) `thc samc AOyOC aIso contains vithin
itscII thc imprint (Iryuny) oI thc bcing oI
Ianguagc,andthusdctcrmincsthcvayoIuttcrancc
asaIogicaIvayinthcbroadcstscnsc'.
5. CI. Identity andZy rence, o. cit. , pp. 7OI . Jhc
CncdoubIcs upasapXl andas'EAOC, asgcncraIity
and unity, cxpIaining vhy bcing is thc ground oI
bcingsbutvhyasuprcmcbcing, in turn,grounds
bcinginrcason, cvcn iI, Irom thcpointoIvicvoI
diIIcrcncc, bcing and bcings gravitatc about onc
anothcr. Jhis is thc IundamcntaI structurc oI
mctaphysics, and it bccamc thc exhcit schcma oI
cxpcricnccandrccctioninGcrmandcaIism.Scc
in this conncction my short book Hmer/in.
Tmyie et Moderit, "!IdcrIin. Jragcdy and
Modcrnity") Iougcrcs. Incrc Marinc, I2), pp.
5I2.
O. Ibid. ,p.58.
I. Ibid. ,pp.I2.
2. Ibid. ,p.7I.
3. Ibid. ,pp.2and5.
1. Ibid. , p. 5. n |nterueys zurSracbe !IuIIingcn.
Icskc, I5),p.21II.,IngIish-Ianguagctrans.,scc
`Ianguagc' in Ioetry, Ianyuaye, Tbouybt, trans.
AIbcrt !oIstadtcr Icv York. !arpcr and Kov,
I7I), p. 2O2II. !cidcggcr uscs thc !IdcrIinian
tcrm Inniy[eit intimacy) to spcak oI thc samc
|nter-scbieddiIIcrcncc)and oIthcsamc spIitthat
yicIds thc scparation on thc basis oIvhich vorId
I1I
TehinyTime
andthing,bcingandbcings,arisc. Jhisscparation
vhich isattbesametime a joining, is thc scpara-
tion oIthc samc diIIcring `originariIy' Irom itscII
and not thc diIIcrcncc bctvccn tvo tcrms that
couId bc subscgucntIy unihcd. !cidcggcr's
thought is a thought oIthc samc and not oIthc
onc.
5. Ibid. , p. 5. Jhc tcrm ustray ccrtainIy has thc
scnsc oI`scttIcmcnt', `arrangcmcnt', `conciIiation'
and `arbitration', vhich is vhy thc Ircnch trans-
Iator Andrc !rcau, IoIIoving a suggcstion oI
!cidcggcr's, transIatcs it as `conciIiation' aItcr
having rccaIIcd in Questions I !aris. GaIIimard,
I8), p. 23, that it is thc IitcraI Gcrman trans-
IationoIthcIatindiro (trayen,`todrav',stcms
Irom a root that is Iound onIy in Gcrmanic
Ianguagcs). But thc vcrb austrayen aIso mcans to
distributc, to havk, to carry to thc cnd and to
carry to tcrm. n |nterueys Zur Sracbe (o. cit. ,
p.22,IngIish-Ianguagctrans.,`Ianguagc' , o. cit. ,
p.2OO)!cidcggcr connccts this vcrb vith thc CId
Gcrman ber, ben, `to bcar', Iound today m
yebren, togivcbirth)andGebrde gcsturc).
. Ibid. ,p.7.
7. `Icttcron!umanism',o.cit. ,p.2I 8.
8. IdentityandZy erence,o.cit. ,p.73 II.
. amborrovinghcrc,inasomcvhatiIIicitIashion,
this vrittcn Iorm Irom Jacgucs !crrida, to
dcsignatcthceuentoIdiIIcrcnccthatmakcs oIdiI-
Icrcncc somcthing vhoIIy othcr thananaddcd-on
I12
Notes
distinction. !cidcggcr, cmpIoying thc rcsourccs
bcIongingtothcGcrmanIanguagc,dcsignatcsthis
vith thc tcrm |nter-scbied, a tcrm that is un-
transIatabIcinIrcnch.
7O. shaIImcntiononIyasingIccxampIchcrc,admit-
tcdIy a paradigmatic onc, oI this `transIation'.
vhiIc!usscrIoItcnprcIcrstouscthcIorcigntcrm
1100< rathcrthan thc Gcrman tcrm esen, taintcd
vith ambiguity cI. Ideas, trans. V. K. Boycc
Gibson Iondon. AIIcn and \nvin, I3I),p. 5),
!cidcggcrpositionshimscII,onthccontrary,atthc
vcry hcart oIthis poIyscmy oIthc Gcrman tcrm to
pIay on thc contrastbctvccn thc traditionaI mcan-
ing rcsuIting Irom an historicaI scdimcntation) oI
esen asatcrmuscdto transIatcthcIatinessentia
and thc propcrIyhistoriaImcaning,vhichcan stiII
bc hcard in ordinary vords such as anuesend
prcscnt) and abuesend abscnt), that rcIatcs to
bcingundcrstoodasduration anddcpIoymcnt(das
rende) and not to bcing undcrstood as
guiddity. Scc in this conncction On tbe ay to
Ianyuaye,o.cit.,p.1II.
7I. Cnc might considcr thc contribution oISein und
Zeit/Ieiny and Time to this ncccssary mctamor-
phosis to bc csscntiaIIy IcxicaI scc Ior cxampIc
thc tcrms Geuot]nbeit, Ind/icb[eit, Zeitiyuny,
ctc.,aIistoIthcvordsmadcupby!cidcggcris to
bc Iound in Irasmus SchIcr's Zie Sracbe
Heideyyers "!cidcggcr's Ianguagc") !IuIIingcn.
Icskc, I2),p.7II. IcvcrthcIcss,oncmustbcar
I13
TehinyTime
in mind that at this timc !cidcggcr aIrcady
cmphasiscs that Ior thc task oI `rcpcating' thc
gucstion oIbcing, `vc Iack not onIy most oIthc
vords but, abovc aII, thc "grammar'' (Sein und
Zeit, o.cit. ,p.3).
7. OntbeaytoIanyuaye,o.cit. ,p. I3.
73. Ibid. ,p.35.
71. !umboIdt, |S, voI. 7, I, I2, p. 1. Quotcd by
!cidcggcr in |nterueys zur Sracbe, o. cit. , p.
217,sccOntbeaytoIanyuaye,o.cit.,p. I II7.
75. Ibid. , p. 3. SignihcantIy, |nterueys zur Sracbe
cndsvith thisguotation.
7. n thc Vcdic tradition and, in particuIar, in
!atanjaIi vho is thought to havc Iivcd bctvccn
thc 2nd ccntury Be and thc 5th ccntury A! and
vho continucd thc vork oI!anini) onc hnds thc
idca that thc csscncc oI spccch is ncithcr thc
matcriaI sound nor thc spiritbut thcindissociabIc
unityoIthctvo,anidcathathccxprcsscsviththc
tcrmota mcaningatonccvhatismaniIcstcdand
vhat maniIcsts. Jhis tcrm, bcsidcs its `phiIo-
sophicaI'scnsc,rightIymcans `cxpIosion',Iromthc
radicaIsbut. to cxpIodc, to crack, totcar,to opcn
oncscII. Jhc divinc charactcr oI spccch is thus
thcrc aIso undcrstood on thc basis oIthc opcning
oIdiIIcrcncc.Vhatcharactcriscs Vcdicthoughtis
thc Iact that itapproachcd its ovn conccptoIthc
absoIutc (brabman) via thc intcrmcdiary oI thc
povcr ascribcd to spccch as thc principaI instru-
mcntoIsacrihciaIritc.
I11
Notes
77. Ibid. , p. 32. Quotcd by !cidcggcr in |nterueys
zur Sracbe, o. cit. , p. 218, On tbe ay to
Ianyuaye, o.cit. ,p. I I 8.
78. C |nterueys zurSracbe,o. cit. , p. 28, On tbe
aytoIanyuaye,o.cit. ,p. I3.
7. |IS,p. II 7.
8O. !umboIdt cmpIoys thc tcrm Imanation hcrc,
IromthcIatinvcrbemanare,tonovout.
8I . CI. |nterueyszurSracbe,o.cit. ,pp.2O3and211,
On tbe ay to Ianyuaye, o. cit. , pp. and I I1.
Jhc Ircnch transIator Iranois Icdicr con-
scgucntIy transIatcd Sracbe as `paroIc' through-
out, vhiIst havc optcd to rctain thc traditionaI
transIation oI `Iangagc' or `Ianguc' to avoid any
ambiguity, givcn thc Ircnch habit oIopposing, in
a Saussurianvcin, thc idcaI `systcm'oIa Ianguagc
to `discoursc' yaro/e]undcrstood as thc activity oI
a spcaking subjcct. Jhis distinction has no strict
cguivaIcnt in Gcrman. n particuIar, onc mustbc
carcIuI not to conIusc it vith thc Sracbe /Iede
opposition vhich originatcd vith !umboIdt,
soIcIy bccausc !umboIdt vouId ncvcr havc
acccptcdSaussurc's thcsisaccordingto vhich `thc
vocaIorgansarc justascxtcrnaItoIanguagcasthc
cIcctricaI apparatus that scrvc to transcribcMorsc
codc arc to that codc'. (Course in Genera/
Iinyuistics, trans. Vadc Baskin Iondon. !ctcr
!avics, IO),p. I 8 ,sinccthisthcsis,incIudingthc
accompanying comparison oI Ianguagc to a
symphony, a `rcaIity'indcpcndcntoIitscxccution,
I15
Te//inyTime
amounts to thinking oI Ianguagc as a scmiotic
practiccdcIibcratcIyscttovorkbypcopIcs,avicv
vhichisaproductoIthc`anachronism'oIdcscrib-
ing history vith thc aid oIits cnd products thc
notionoIthcsignandspokcnvord).!umboIdtis
particuIarIycIcaronthispoint.`tisimpossibIcto
conccivc oIthcgcncsis oIIanguagc (Sracbe) as a
proccss that vouId bcgin vith thc dcsignation oI
objcct vith vords (tter) and thcn asscmbIc
thcm togcthcr. n rcaIity, discoursc (Iede) is not
composcdoIprc-cxistcntvords,onthccontraryit
is discoursc as a vhoIc that givcs risc to vords'
(|S,p. 72).ISracbemustbcundcrstood asthc
aIvayssinguIarunity oIan intrinsicaIIyhistoricaI
`Ianguagc' j/anyue] and `discoursc' yaru/e], thcn
Iede constitutcs its actuaIity that can bc rctaincd
invorksoIIitcraturcandphiIosophy.
82. |S, p. 53. `Jhc mutuaI accord oI thought and
sound, morcovcr, is vcry striking. As thought,
comparabIc to a ash oIIightning or a thundcr
cIap, gathcrs thc IuII Iorcc oIrcprcscntation in a
singIcpointandcxcIudcsconcomitantmatcriaI,in
thc samc vay sound rings out by dctaching itscII
vithastrongIymarkcdunity.'
83. |S,p..
81. CI. CIc !anscn-Iovc,Ia reuo/ution coericienne
du/anyaye dans/'oeuurede i/be/m uon Humbo/dt
"Jhc Copcrnican KcvoIution inIanguagc in thc
Vork oI ViIhcIm von !umboIdt") !aris. Vrin,
I72), p. 58II., citing in this conncction Cassircr
I1
Notes
vho rcmarks in thc Ibi/osoby oSymbo/ic Iors
that thc conccpt oI Crganicism is not takcn in
Komanticismasthc cxprcssionoIaccrtaincIassoI
phcnomcna but as that oIa univcrsaI spccuIativc
principIc. As !icrrc Caussat rcmarks cIscvhcrc,
thc dchnition givcn by !umboIdt oIIanguagc as
`thctotaIisingprojcctionoIspccchinaction'(|S,
p.1)`rcmovcsthchypothcsisthatIcndsvcightto
thc conccpt oI"organism'' sincc such a dchnition
oI Ianguagc, cvcn though it is organicaIIy con-
ditioncd as !umboIdt himscII says, makcs it
appcar in `thc Irccdom oIan indchnitc transition'
vhich raiscs it `abovc Crganicism' sincc `nothing
in it is static, cvcrything dynamic' impIying that
`onc can onIy comparc itvith physioIogy and not
vith anatomy', scc !umboIdt, On Ianyuaye tbe
diuersity o buman /anyuaye structure and its
in]uence on tbe mom/ deue/oment o man[ind,
trans. !ctcr !cath Cambridgc. Cambridgc
\nivcrsity!rcss,I 88),p.O.
85. |S,p.53.
8. |S,p. 55.AsJ.!crridacmphasiscsinSeecband
Ibenomena,trans.!avidB. AIIisonIvanston,I.
Iorthvcstcrn \nivcrsity !rcss, I73), p. 77.
`Vhcnspcak,itbcIongstothcphcnomcnoIogicaI
csscncc oIthis opcration that Ibear myseqattbe
same time that spcak.' Jhis circuIarity oI thc
phonic cxtcriorisation oI spirit rcturning in its
ovn hcaring in thc Iorm oI its ovn product
(Irzeuynus) constitutcs thc vcry structurc oI an
I17
Te//inyTime
ipscity dchncd as thc `abiIity-to-hcar-oncscII
spcak'.
87. |IS,p..
88. CI. |ber die Ierscbiedenbeiten des Menscb/icben
Sracbtbaues,in his coIIcctcdvorks,o. cit. ,voI.,
I,3,p.I52. `Butvhatthought,strictIyspcaking,
nccds to Iorm conccpts in Ianguagc, is not
propcrIy vhat is cIIcctivcIy pcrccivcd by thc car,
or, in othcr tcrms, iI onc distinguishcs in thc
articuIatcd sound thc articuIation and thc
divuIging in sound (Gcruscb), thought has nccd
oIthcIormcrbutnotoIthcIattcr.'
89. |IS,p. . n this passagc, !umboIdt, anaIysing
thc Ianguagc acguisitionoIthc dcaIand dumbby
Iookingatthc movcmcnt oIthc organs oIspccch
oIothcrs, cmphasiscs thatthcy aIso posscss a `Iac-
uIty oIarticuIation' and that thcy thus arrivc at
truc Ianguagc Icarning and not mcrcIy at thc
capacity to associatc rcprcscntations vith signs or
imagcs. !c considcrs thc dctour `against naturc'
thcy mustin this vay makc via vision in pIacc oI
hcaring bccauscthcyarc dca[ to bc thcprooIoI
thc`tightandproIound'ticthatvritingmaintains
vithIanguagc,cvcninthcabscnccoIthcmcdiation
oIhcaring. Iar Irom opposing vriting to spccch,
!umboIdt considcrs both to bc thc transitory
`objcctivisations'oIspirit. JhcIivingtcmporaIityoI
Ianguagc hnds `novhcrc, not cvcn in vriting, a
stabIc rcsting pIacc', `its, so to spcak, dcad part'
bcIorc `aIvays bcing ncvIy produccd in thinking,
I18
Notes
bcing ncvIy brought back to IiIc in discoursc or
undcrstanding'(o.cit. ,p.3).
O. |S,p.5.
I . |S,p.3.VchndhcrcasobrictycomparabIcto
Kant'sinthisdccisiontohoIdIasttothcphcnomcna
vithout attcmpting to givc an cxpIanation, vhich
couId onIy bc `mythic', oI articuIation, Iikc thc
schcmatism, that `art hiddcn in thc dcpths oIthc
human souI'.Iov,this `humannaturc' mcntioncd
by !umboIdt rcIcrs Iorhim, bcIorcaII cIsc, to thc
upright posturc `dcnicd to animaIs', to thc cxtcnt
that it is `compatibIc' vith Iinguistic sound, sincc
`discoursc canonIybcdcaIcncdand cxpircbystay-
ing on thc ground, it nccds to bc accompanicd by
thccxprcssionoIthcIookandoIthcIacc,asvcIIas
handgcsturcs,andinthisvaytobcsurroundcdby
aIIthatcharactcriscshumanityinthchumanbcing'
(o. cit. , p. 55). Jhis conncction bctvccn Ianguagc
andan uprightposturctraditionaIIydchncs vhatis
propcr to thc human. !umboIdt, vhiIst staying
vithinthc Iimits and Iramcvork oIhis `agc', givcs
us a `phcnomcnoIogicaI' and not a thcoIogicaI)
undcrstanding that accords uncanniIy vith vhat
scicncc tcIIs us today. Jhc progrcss oI paIcont-
oIogy am summarising hcrc thc vicv put
Iorvard by Jcan-Iouis !cim, !roIcssor oI
!aIcontoIogy at thc Muscum oIMankind, !aris,
scc Iibration, 21 Junc I2), tcachcs us that
human Ianguagc dcpcnds on many additionaI
Iactors. a biostatic Iactor, thccxibiIityoIthc basc
I1
Te//iny Time
oI thc skuII pcrmitting thc Iov position oI thc
Iarynx aIIoving thc Iattcr to bc vcntiIatcd by thc
Iungs,vhich givcsIanguagcits gutturaI charactcr
andnotsimpIyIinguaIasvithparrots),accrcbraI
and ncuroIogicaI Iactor, thc cxibiIity oIthc basc
oIthcskuIIbcingaccompanicd bya tippingoIthc
occipitaI and a moving Iorvard oI thc IrontaI
aIIoving thc skuII to givc grcatcr spacc to thc
arcas oI thc cortcx situatcd bctvccn thc IrontaI
Iobc and thc occipitaI, in particuIar to thc
Vcrnickc ccntrc vhich is thc principaI Ianguagc
ccntrc, and hnaIIy a socio-cuIturaI Iactor, thc
Iactor oIa tradition that in itscII dcmands com-
munication.JhccxibiIityoIthc bascoIthcskuII
vhich IoIIovs dircctIy Irom bcing a bipcd vhcn
thc human stands up, thc hcad Icans Iorvard)
immcdiatcIy accompanics ccrcbraI dcvcIopmcnt.
nthisvay,onccanconsidcrarticuIatcdIanguagc
tobcancpiphcnomcnonoIbcingabipcd.
2. |IS,pp.515.
3. |IS,p.5.
1. |IS,p.2I3.
5. Ibid. , my itaIics). Scc thc intcrprctation oIthis
passagc in J. Iohmann, Ibi/osobie und
Smcbuissenscba] "!hiIosophy and Iinguistics")
BcrIin.Iunkcrund!umbIot, I5),p. IIII.
. CI. |nterueys zur Sracbe, o. cit. , p. 21, On tbe
ay to Ianyuaye, o. cit. , p. I I. Jhc rcading oI
!umboIdt oIIcrcd by !cidcggcr hcrc rcmains too
schcmaticand isvantinginthcgcncrosityIormcrIy
I5O
Notes
shovn to Kant's thought. Io morc than it is pos-
sibIc to aurmcatcgoricaIIy that !umboIdt undcr-
stands ene_cia `in a manncr vhoIIy Iorcign to thc
Grcck,inthcscnscoIIcibniz'sMonadoIogy,asthc
activity oIthc subjcct', onc cannot, in vicv oIthc
tcxts citcd hcrc, maintain that hc rccogniscd in
Ianguagc onIyoneoIthcIorms oIthcvisionoIthc
vorId dcvcIopcd by human subjcctivity. nstcad,
onc ought to say that thc idca oIan originaI spon-
tancity,thcidcaoItcmporaIityitscI[that!umboIdt
sccsatvorkcvcryvhcrcinhumanspccch,cxpIodcs
]omtbeinterurthccpochaIIramcvorkinvhichhc
continucs to pIacc himscI[ thc Iramcvork oI
absoIutc subjcctivity positing itscII as bcing. Jhc
passagc vhcrc !umboIdt cxtcnds thc gcnctic
dchnition oIthc singuIar spccch act (dasedesma/iye
Srecben) to Ianguagc (Sracbe) as a vhoIc bcars
vitncss to this, thc Iattcr bcingonIy `thc totaIity oI
vhat is said' |S, p. 1), vhich impIics that it is
Sracbe in its crcativc `intcrsubjcctivity' vhich
constitutcs thc vcry scmantico-poctic proccss oI
history.
7. |S, pp. 15. !crc, aIrcady, hnitudc, thc
`ctcrnaI'rcpctitionoIthc`synthctic'vorkoIspirit,
can bcundcrstood as thc `capacity'to givc oncscII
avorId.
8. |S,p.2I 2.
. |S,p.2 I1.
I5I
Te//iny Time
1 JHiLOGOS OF MORTAS
I . |nterueys zurSracbe!IuIIingcn.Icskc, I )p.
2 I, On tbe ay to Ianyuaye, trans. !ctcr !.
!crtzIcvYork.!arpcrandKov, I 7I), p. I O7.
'Zas esensuerb/tniszuisben TodundSracbeb/izt
au[utabernocbunyedacbt. '
2. CI. |S, p. 1. Jhc spatiaIising momcnt oI
vriting that providcs onIy an `incompIctc and
mummihcdconscrvation'oISracbe [spccch|, docs
not on its ovn takc into account thc objcctivisa-
tion thataIrcady comcs aboutvith thc `tcmporaI'
matcriaIityoIarticuIatcdsound.
3. !rcIacctoTbeIbenomeno/oyy oSirit,trans.J.I.
IindIay CxIord. CxIord \nivcrsity !rcss, I77),
p. I myitaIics).
1. Ibid.
. Ibid. ,p.37.
. Ibid. 'Zereste Ioden, den das Isonieren an dem
rubenden Sube[te bat, scbuan[ta/so, undnutdiese
Ieueyuny se/bst uird der Geyenstand' `Jhc soIid
groundvhichargumcnthasinthcpassivc subjcct
isthcrcIorcshakcn,andonIythismovcmcntitscII
bccomcs thc objcct'). Jhc vcrb!cgcI uscs hcrc is
not beuyen, a tcrm uscd by !umboIdt aIongsidc
I/e[tion, butscbuan[en, vhosc ordinary mcaning
is `to vavcr', `to vaciIIatc', but vhich, hovcvcr,
aIso rcIcrs to thc adjcctivc, IittIc uscd today,
scbuan[,mcaning`cxibIc'.
7. Ibid. t is cIcar that!cgcIis hcrcpIacinghimscII
I2
Notes
in opposition to AristotIc's `IogicaI' soIution to thc
probIcm oI thc !Iatonic XCP1(10 scparation)
sincc it consists prcciscIy in vicving univcrsaIs as
simpIcattributcs. `Vc caII substancc oumo) vhat
is not a prcdicatc oI a subjcct ( 11 Ka9'
U1OKClIEVOV). Iov, a univcrsaI 1o Ka90Aov) is
aIvays thc prcdicatc oI a subjcct 1o 11 Ka9'
U1OKElIEVOV)' (Metabysics,Z, I3, I O38b I5).
8. Ibid. ,p.38.
. Ibid. ,p. 1O .
I O. Ibid. ,p.27. `Jimc . . . isthccxistcntjtant-m]con-
ccptitscIl (dasdaseiendeIeyry.
I I . Ibid. ,p.1O.
I2. Ibid. , pp.31O. Jhcattainmcnt oI`phiIosophicaI
prool is vhatis atissuc hcrc, combininganaIytic
and diaIcctic and constituting thc vcry csscncc oI
diaIccticaIIogic.
I3. Ibid. ,p.1O.
I1. Ibid. ,p.3.
I5. Ibid. , pp. 35. Jhc tcrms Intba/tsam[eit abstcn-
tion)andnstrenyunydesIqcIIort,contcntion
oI thc conccpt) caII to mind hcrc thc !usscrIian
styIc oI phiIosophy undcrstood as strenye
usenscba] rigorous scicncc). !ovcvcr, it is not
mcrcIyscicnccasaIormoIthoughtthatis`rigorous'
hcrc but thc conccptitscIIvhich iscapabIcoIcon-
tcntioninasmuch as itis `purc scII-movcmcnt' that
oncmightaImostcaII`souI'sinccitcon-tainsaIIthc
hgurcsoIitscxtcriority.
I . Ibid. , p. 38. 'Zer Iytbmus resu/tiert aus der
I53
I51
TehinyTime
scbuebenden Mitte und Iereininyuny beider. ' Jhis
comparison makcs scnsc onIy vhcn considcrcd
vithrcgardto thcGcrmanIanguagcvhich,asvc
knov, is charactcriscd by thc opposition oI thc
dcsccndingrhythmoIthcvord andthcasccnding
rhythm oIthc scntcncc. Jhc acccntuation oIthc
radicaI, most oItcn at thc bcginning oIthc vord,
that makcs Gcrman a `naturaIIy' ctymoIogicaI
Ianguagc, imposcs on thc vord a dcsccnding,
dcductivc rhythm vhcn atonaI suIhxcs arc addcd
to thc radicaI. JhisrhythmiscountcrbaIanccd by
thcsynthcticcharactcroIthcscntcnccthatriscsin
thc middIc giving it an asccndant, inductivc
rhythm vcry diIIcrcnt Irom thc dcsccndant and
anaIyticrhythmoIIrcnchor IngIish. ntruth, it
issurprisingthatthcrchasnotbccnmorcthought
givcn to thc importancc oIthc inucncc not onIy
oIthc history oIIanguagc but aIso oIthc IormaI
structurc oI thc scntcncc on thc dcvcIopmcnt oI
thinking. n this rcgard it shouId bc possibIc to
Icarn a grcat dcaI about thc diIIcrcnt conccptions
oI timc that cnsuc Irom thc opposition bctvccn
thc opcn `progrcssivc scgucncc', oI vhich thc
Ircnchscntcnccconsists, vhich progrcsscs accord-
ingtothcscgucntiaIordcroIIivcd timcandpIaccs
thcnoundcsignatingthcsubstratc bcIorc its dctcr-
minations, and thc cIoscd `anticipatory scgucncc'
cmpIoycd by thc Gcrman scntcncc vhich cnds
vith thc noun dcsignating thc substratc aIrcady
dcscribcd accordingtoitsdctcrminations.
Notes
I7. CI. `Grundsatzc dcs !cnkcn' "Jhc Basic
!rincipIcs oI Jhought") in )abrbucb r
Isycbo/oyieundIsycbotberaie,voI.I/3, I58.
I 8. Vc mustbricy rccaIIhcrcthatthc tcrmsecuutio,
vhich IitcraIIy mcans spying and comcs Irom
secto, I Iook [Iromsectare, tocxaminc|,hasbornc
thc phiIosophicaI scnsc oI contcmpIation sincc it
vasuscdbyBocthiustotransIatcthcGrcckecopta.
But this scnsc vas Iorgottcn by Saint Augustinc
and,abovcaII,bySaintJhomasAguinasvhoboth
dcrivcd secu/atio Irom secu/um mirror) and
rcIatcditto thcvorduscdbySaint!auIinhishrst
IcttcrtothcCorinthians,XIII, I?. `Iornovvcscc
throughagIass,darkIy,butthcnIacctoIacc.novI
knov inpart, but thcn shaII I knov cvcn as aIso I
am knovn.' KnovIcdgc through Iaith is, incIIcct,
indircctandconIuscdIikcvisionviaamctaImirror.
Jhis isthcscnscvhichthcmystics rctaincd,and it
is Irom thcm that thc Gcrman tcrm Sieyu/ation
comcs Irom Sieye/, mirror). Jhis undcrstanding
oIsecu/atio asuuioZei,to bcIoundinIichoIasoI
Cusa, vas transmittcd to !cgcI by Jacob Bhmc
and Svabian pictism BcngcI and Cctingcr). Jhis
cxpIainsthcpcjorativcscnscthatKantgivcstothc
vord vhich hc rcgards as dchning thc modc oI
thinking oISchoIastic mctaphysics. !cgcI, on thc
contrary,compIctcIyrcvcrscsthcscnscoIthcvord
by rcIcrring it back to its `thcorcticaI' origin but
vithout cutting it oIIIrom its mysticaI mcaning,
vhich Icads him to scc inspccuIation thc idcntity
I55
Tc//iny Timc
oIthc conccptand oIintuition. tis in this scnsc
that hc aurms in thc Zyrcnzscbr. 'Zas tmn-
sccndanta/c iscn ucrciniyt bcidcs, Icxion und
nscbauuny, cs ut Iqy und Scin zuy/cicb'
`JransccndcntaI knovIcdgc unitcs thc tvo tcrms,
rccction and intuition, it is at oncc conccpt and
bcing'). scc Hcyc/ cr[c, )cnacr Scbrcn
1801-1807 (IrankIurtamMain.Suhrkamp, I7O),
voI. 2,p. I2. tis on thc basis oIthis spccuIativc
unityoItransccndcntaIknovIcdgcthatthctaskoI
phiIosophy is dchncd Ior !cgcI as thc task oI
bringingbcingandconccpttothcconsciousncssoI
thcir idcntity, vhich hc caIIs, in a SchcIIingian
manncr, thc `construction' oI thc absoIutc in
consciousncss,o.cit. ,p. I ).Sccinthis conncction
V.C. ZimmcrIi, Zic Imyc nacb dcr Ibi/osobic,
Intcrrctationcn zu Hcyc/s Tyrcnzscbr' (Bonn.
Bouvicr, I71),p.II.
I. !cgcI, Scicncc o Ioyic, trans. J.I. IindIay
(Iondon. AIIcn and \nvin, I), voI. I,
ntroduction,p. 5.
2O. `Grundstzcdcs!cnkcns',o.cit. ,p.3.
2I . !rcIacc to thc Ibcnomcno/oyy o Sirit, o. cit. ,
p. I (myitaIics).
22. CI. `Grundstzcdcs!cnkcns',o.cit. ,p.31.
23. bat i Ca//cd Tbin[iny?, trans. J. GIcnn Gray
(IcvYork.!arpcrandKov, I8),p.238.
21. CI.`\rtciIundScin', inHmcr1in cr[cundIric
(IrankIurt am Main. nscI, I), voI. 2, p. 283,
IngIish-Ianguagc trans. Iricdticb Hmcr1in. cssays
I5
Notes
and /etters on tbeory, cd. and trans. Jhomas !Iau
AIbany, IY. S\IY !rcss, I 88), p. 37 hcncc-
Iorth, Issays). Cnc aIso hnds thc cxprcssion 'das
Sein, im einziyen Sinn des ortc' `bcing, in thc
singIc scnsc oI thc tcrm') in thc !rcIacc to thc
pcnuItimatc vcrsion oIHyerion, vrittcn at thc
cndoII 75.CI.Hmer/in er[eundIrie,voI. I ,
p. I 7.
25. Scc abovc aII thc cssay oI I 7 cntitIcd `Cn
KcIigion',Issays,pp.O5.AIIovmcto rcIcrhcrc
to my articIc `!IdcrIin. !c Ia rcIigion'
"!IdcrIin. Cn rcIigion") in thc Cabiers de
Iontenay and, vith rcgard to thc cntirc sub-
scgucnt dcvcIopmcnt, to vork in progrcss on
`!IdcrIin and phiIosophy' that viII bc prcscntcd
as an attcmpt to articuIatc aII oI !IdcrIin's
thcorcticaI cssays.
2. `!as Vcrdcn im Vcrgchcn', Issays, pp. IOO.
JhistitIc,vhichisnot!IdcrIin'sovn,ncvcrthc-
Icss IaithIuIIy dcscribcs thc cssay's contcnt.
CcrtainIy, onc hnds, as Bcissncr indicatcs in his
commcntary on this cssay in thc Grund/aye der
yesamten issenscba]/ebre oI I 71 !amburg.
Mcincr,I 5),p.I 7,that!IdcrIinhadrcadatthc
timc oIits pubIication thc IoIIovingscntcncc. 'Zie
cbara[teruticbeIordesecbse/ind ir[sam[eit
itein Entstehen durch ein Vergehen (ein erden durcb
ein Icbuinden)' `Jhc charactcristic Iorm oI
changc in thc actuaI is birtb tbrouyb cibiny
bccoming through disappcarancc)'. !oubtIcss,
I57
Te//inyTime
!IdcrIin rcmcmbcrcd thc vcry tcrms cmpIoycd
hcrc by Iichtc but to continuc rcading Iichtc's
tcxtsuIhccs to sccthatthcthoughtdcpIoycd thcrc
rcmains ticd to an ontoIogy oI substancc sincc
it takcs carc to spcci| prcciscIy that to think
bccoming onc must `abstract cntircIy Irom sub-
stancc'asthcIattcr `docsnotcntcrintochangc'.
27. CI.thcIastIincsoIthcIbenomeno/oyy oSirit,o.
cit. . 'Ieidezusammen[Gescbicbteundusenscba]),
die beyryne Gescbicbte, bi/den die Irinneruny und
die Scbde/sttte des abso/uten Geites, die
ir[/icb[eit, abrbeitundGeuusbeitseinesTbrns,
obne den e das /eb/ose Iinsame ure' `Jhc tvo
togcthcr [!istory and Scicncc|, comprchcndcd
!istory, Iorm aIikc thc invardlzing and thc
CaIvaryoIabsoIutcSpirit,thcactuaIity, truth,and
ccrtainty oIhis thronc, vithout vhich hc vouId
bc IiIcIcss and aIonc', trans. A. V. MiIIcr CxIord.
CxIord \nivcrsity !rcss, I77), p. 13). n his
transIationoIII Jcan-!icrrcIcIcbvrctransIatcs
Scbde/statte vith `GoIgotha' to rcvivc thc ctymo-
IogicaIscnscoIthcvord`CaIvary'vhoscscnschas
bccn vcakcncd in Ircnch by its usc to dcnotc
`stonc crosscs atcrossroads' vhiIstinGcrman thc
rcIcrcnccto thc `charncI-housc',orto `thchiIIand
thcscpuIchrcoIChrist's!assion', rcmains cIcar.
28. CI. `!as Vcrdcn im Vcrgchcn' 5, H/der/in
er[e, o. cit. , voI. 2, p. 1I II., scc Issays, p. 8.
Jhc tcrm Herste//uny hashcrc both thc scnsc oI
`production' andthat oI` rcstitution'. Jhc Iamous
I58
Notes
passagc Irom thc !rcIacc to thcIbenomeno/og o
Sirit,vhcrcthctrucisdchncdasaBacchicrcvcI,
attcsts to thc Iactthat!cgcIhad aIsothoughtthc
primacy oI `dcath' [disparatrc| . n it, !cgcI
cxpIicitIy cmphasiscs that `thc cvancsccnt itscII
must,onthccontrary,bcrcgardcdascsscntiaI,not
assomcthinghxcd, cutoIIIromthctruc, and IcIt
Iying vho knovs vhcrc outsidc oIit, any morc
thanthctrucistobcrcgardcdassomcthingonthc
othcr sidc, positivc and dcad' (o. cit. , p. 27). But,
ashasaIrcadybccnand viIIagainbccmphasiscd,
!cgcI undcrstands `this movcmcnt oIbcingborn
and dying' as thc `IiIc' oIthc conccpt and not as
thc tragic IiIc oI that `monstcr' in vhich thc
human bcing, as structuraIIy opcn to thc divinc,
consists.
2. CI. oIthc cssay. `thc dissoIution oIthc idcaI-
individuaI appcars not as vcakcning and dcath
butasarcviving,asgrovth,andthcdissoIutionoI
thc inhnitc-ncv notas dcstructivcvioIcncc butas
Iovc and both togcthcr as acrcativcact transccn-
dcntaI) vhosccsscncc consistsinunitingthcidcaI-
individuaIandthcrcaI-inhnitc'.Issays,p..
3O. Scc I oIthccssay vhcrc it is said that onIy thc
coincidcncc in thc `gcnctic movcmcnt' oIdccIinc
and bcginning is `Iikc Ianguagc, cxprcssion, sign,
prcscntation oI a Iiving yct particuIar vhoIc'.
Issays,p..
3I . JhchnaI vcrsion oIthcpocm says prcciscIy. 'Iie/
batMoryenan,Seitein Gesmuirsindundbren
I5
Te//inyTime
uoneinandet, / Itbren der Menscb, ba/dsind uir
aberGesany' `Much,Iromthc morningonvards,/
Sincc vc havc bccn a diaIoguc and havc hcard
Irom onc anothcr, / !as human kind Icarnt, but
soon vc shaII bc song',Iriedricb H/der1in. Ioems
and ]ayments, trans. MichacI !amburgcr
Cambridgc. Cambridgc \nivcrsity !rcss, I8O),
p. 13).
32. CI. Iictzschc, /so sracb Zaratbustru, !as
Ja-und-Amcn-Iicd). 'So aber sricbt Ioye/-
eisbeit. "Siebe, esyibt[ein Oben, [ein |ntenlir]
dicb umbet,biraus, zurc duIeicbterlsinyelsricb
nicb mebrl- sinda//e orte nicbtrdie Scbueren
yemacbt? Iyen dem Ieicbten nicbt ahe orte?
Sinyel sricb nicbt mebrl'' `BchoId, thcrc is no
abovc, no bcIov| IIing yourscIIabout, out, back,
vcightIcss bird| Sing| Spcak no morc| arc not
aIIvordsmadcIorthchcavyr!onotaIIvordsIic
to thc Iight` Sing| Spcak no morc| ' , Irom Tbus
So[e Zaratbustra, trans. K. J. !oIIingdaIc
!armondsvorth.!cnguin, II)).
33. Issays,p. I O.
31. Ibid. ,p. I OI .
35. Ibid. ,p. IO.
3. !rcIacc to thc Ibenomeno/oyy o Sirit, o. cit. , p.
32II.
37. Issays,p. I O2.
38. CI. `Vic vcnn amIcicrtagc'. 'Soe/, uieZicbter
sayen, dasie sicbtbar/Zen Gott zuseben beyebrte,
sem I/itz auSeme/es Haus / |nd Bcbe tdt/icb
I O
Notes
yetru_ne yebar / Zie Irucbt des Geuitters, den
bei/iyen Iaccbus''Sooncc,thcpoctstcII,vhcnshc
dcsircd to scc/Jhcgod inpcrson, visibIc, did his
Iightning IaII on ScmcIc's housc / And, ash
mortaIIy struck,shcborc/JhcIruitoIthc storm,
thc hoIy Bacchus'). jtn Jhc author citcs MichcI
!cguy and Iranois Icdicr's transIation Irom
rocbesdeH/der1in,!aris. GaIIimard, I73),p.
, but scc aIso MichacI !amburgcr's transIation
oI a diIIcrcnt vcrsion oI thc pocm, in Iriedricb
H/der/in.Ioemsand rayments,o.cit. ,p.375.|
3. Issays,p. I O7.!IdcrIinhimscIImcntionshcrcthc
'immer uiderstreitende Zia/oy' [cvcr-contcnding
diaIoguc| oI SophocIcs's Oedius and thc
Ineinande_eqen mutuaI invoIvcmcnt) oI thc
diIIcrcnt parts oIthc diaIoguc but aIso mcntions
that oI thc diaIoguc and thc chorus, thc vhoIc
hnishing `brutaIIy' qctucb) and not in a harmo-
niousrcconciIiationsincc'//esistIedeyeyenIede,
diesicbyeyenseitiyau[ebt' aII is discourscagainst
discoursc, cach aboIishing thc othcr). Such a
diaIoguc aims, in cIIcct, `to tcar apart thc souI',
vith its `irritatcd rcccptivity', oI thosc vho arc
Iistcningto it sincc itis `thc Ianguagc oIa vorId'
`vhcrc God and man', dcspitc thc `Iacuna' that
scparatcsthcm,`communicatcinthcaII-Iorgctting
Iorm oI inhdcIity'. Jhis `tcaring' spccch, vhich
can bc rcccivcd onIy in thc angcr that givcs birth
to a countcr-discoursc, is thc discordant
poIyphony oI modcrnity vhcrc, hovcvcr, thcrc
II
TehinyTime
cndurcs thc sharing oI a Ge-srcb vhich tcsts
itscIIinitsvcryimpossibiIity.
1O. !cracIitus, Iragmcnt 51. 'AplOV1Tl acavTl<
cavepTl< lpelaarv' vhich !cidcggcr transIatcs as
'Iuye, dieibrItscbeinenuersayt, istbrenen a/tens
a/s eine, die zum Iorscbein [ommt' Jointurc that
rcIuscs to maniIcstitscIIis oIa highcr ordcr than
that vhich appcars), scc `!IdcrIins Irdc und
!immcI' `!IdcrIin's Iarth and !cavcn') in
Irauterunyen zu H/derins Zicbtuny
"IIucidations oI !IdcrIin's !octry"), 5th cdn.
IrankIurtamMain.KIostcrmann, I8I),p.I 7.
1I . Ibid. , p. I55, vhcrc !cidcggcr guotcs thcvcrsion
oI thc hymn cntitIcd `GricschcnIand' `Grcccc')
that contains thc IoIIoving Iincs aItcr thosc that
spcak oIthc cxistcncc oIGod (Zaseyn Gottes) as a
storm(Geuitter).' |ndIu[, uiebinausscbauen,zur
/|nsterb/ic[[eit undHe/den'And caIIs,IikcIook-
ing out, Ior/ mmortaIity and hcrocs'). Jhc man
vho`gucstions'hcavcninthisvay(ibid. ,p. I )is,
ar exce//ence, thc Grcck, that is to say hc vho
undcrstands himscII on thc basis oI thc Iook
tovards thc divinc that aIIovs him his standing
upright, vho dchncs himscII as e1t -'alleVO<
`skiIIcd' or `knoving' bccausc oIhis proximity to
things) and vho sccs in `scicncc' (e1ta'lllTl), itscII
aIso namcd in this samc pocm (ibid. , p. I 7), thc
IoundationoIhumancxistcncc.
12. Jhc sccrct namcd by !auI CcIan in `!cr
Mcridian' `Jhc Mcridian'),usyeub/te Gedicbte
I 2
Notes
IrankIurtamMain.Suhrkamp, I8),p. I11 in
thcIincs guotchcrc,addingmyovnscansionto
his through combining thc soIitudc oIGedicbt
vith that to vhich it bcars vitncss, by standiny
thcrc. 'Zas Gedicbt ut cinsam. Is ut einsam und
untcrvcgs. eresscbreibtb/eibtibm migeyeben. /
ber stcht das Gedicbt nicbt yerade dadurcb
.
a/so
scbon hicr, inderIeyeyuny im Gchcimnis dcr
Bcgcgnungr' Jhc pocm is so/itar. t is soIitary
and underuay.Vho vritcs it rcmainsgoingaIong
uitb it. / But docs thc pocm not prcciscIy stand
through this, thcrcIorc aIrcady bere, in thc
cncountcr in tbesecet otbeencounter ). n thc
originaI, onIy thc Iast Iour vords arc undcrIincd.
!oubtIcss, it has ncvcr bccn morc impossibIc to
transIatc thc Gcrman Gedicbt by thc Grcck
10101', itscIIaIatctcrmdcsignatingthcartoIthc
Muscs, thc )OU011 1XVl. Such a Zicbtuny thc
vord undcniabIycomcsIromthcIatindictare, `to
composc', but onc can aIso rcIatc it to dicbten, a
vord oIGcrmanic origin mcaning `to condcnsc')
maniIcsts thc mostcxtrcmc con-dcnsation oIsay-
ing, itscIIbornoIastanding-vith [con-tcntion| oI
thought to vhosc hcight thc nstrenyuny des
Ieyry oI vhich !cgcI spcaks docs not, pcrhaps,
attain.
13. CI.!cidcggcr, `Sprachcund !cimat' "Ianguagc
and !omc") IO) in Zen[ebrnyen "Jhc
Ixpcricncc oI Jhinking") IrankIurt am Main.
KIostcrman,I 83),p.88.
I3
Te//inyTime
11. Ibid. ,p. I I? myitaIics).A carIicrtcxtdcvotcd to
`!cbcI, thcIricndoIthc!ousc'vaspubIishcdin
I 58.
15. |nterueys zurSracbe,o. cit. , p.?O8,Ontbe ay
toIanyuaye,o. cit. , p. I OI . Jhc Gcrman Stimme,
vhoscprimaryscnsc is `agrccmcnt' considcraIso
thcvcrbstimmen, `toagrcc'),cxprcsscsinavhoIIy
diIIcrcntvayIromthcIatinuoxthcsoundcmit-
tcdbythcvoicc)thisagrccmcntinvhichthcvoicc
consists.
1. Ibid.,p.?I3IlI OII.
IllLCGui
I . Iragmcnt1.''a8e1av'aoutet Kepa'vo'.
?. CI. !cgcI, !rcIacc to thcIbenomeno/og oSirit,
trans. J. I. IindIay CxIord. CxIord \nivcrsity
!rcss, I77), p. I O. `Jhc truc is thc proccss oIits
ovnbccoming,thc circIc thatprcsupposcs its cnd
asitsgoaI,havingitscndaIsoasitsbcginning,and
onIybybcingvorkcdouttoitscnd,isitactuaI.'
3. CI. T S. IIiot, `IittIc Gidding' in thc Iour
Quartets Iondon. Iabcr and Iabcr, I8), p. 17.
`VhatvccaIIthcbcginningisoItcnthccnd/And
to makcancndisto makca bcginning./Jhccnd
isvhcrcvcstartIrom.'
1. !cidcggcr, |nterueys zur Sracbe !mIIingcn.
I 1
Icskc, I5) p. ?I3, IngIish-Ianguagc cdn, O tbe
aytoIanyuaye,trans.!ctcr!.!crtzIcvYork.
!arpcrand Kov, I7I)p. IO. 'die Geyen-uart, die
Notes
uns entyeyenuartet und sonst die Zu[un] beisst. '
!cidcggcrispIayinghcrconthcvordGeyenuart,
thc Gcrman vord Ior thcprcscntbutvhich Iitcr-
aIIy mcans vhat, turncd tovards us, vaits Ior us
andisthcrcIorcthcIuturcinitsIitcraImcaning.
5. McrIcau-!onty, Ie uisib/e et /'inuiib/e !aris.
GaIIimard, I1), p. 252, IngIish-Ianguagc cdn,
Tbe Iisib/e and tbe Inuisib/e, trans. AIphonso
Iingis Ivanston, I. Iorthvcstcrn \nivcrsity
!rcss, I8),p. I.
. t is in Jepz 'uXT< that AristotIc aIh rms, as
!cidcggcrcmphasiscsinSeinundZeit Jiibingcn.
Iicmcycr, I53), p. I1, IngIish-Ianguagc cdn,
IeinyandTime,trans. J. StambaughAIbany,IY.
S\IY !rcss, I), that `thc souI is in a vay aII
bcings' AristotIc,Zenima,13I b 2I) bccausc in
it thcrc is an intcIIcct `capabIc oI bccoming aII
things'(Ibid. ,13Ob I1).
7. !cidcggcrvasaIrcadyspcakingin TbeIssenceo
Ieasons, trans. Jcrrcncc MaIick Ivanston, I.
Iorthvcstcrn \nivcrsity !rcss, I), p. , notc
5, oI thc `cc-static, or e[-centric csscncc oI
!ascin'.
8. Jhis is thc casc,arexce//ence, vith !IdcrIin
aIIov mc to rcIcr hcrc to my book, H/der/in.
Trayie et moderit "!IdcrIin. Jragcdy and
Modcrnity") Iougcrcs. Incrc Marinc, I2)
p. 7II.) but aIso vith T S. IIiot Ior vhom thc
gathcring oItimc in thc pointoIthc prcscnt con-
stitutcs thc most constant thcmc oI thc Iour
I5
Te//inyTime
Quartets, o.cit.
. !cidcggcr, in aIhrming that `Jimc itscII in thc
cntircty oIits dcpIoymcnt docs not movc and is
immobiIc and atpcacc' (O tbe ay to Ianyuaye,
p. I O),cchocs Kantand!usscrIvhobothsavin
thc intcrioroItcmporaI ov itscIIthc prcscncc oI
a timc that rcmains and docs not changc. AIIov
mc to rcIcr in this conncction to my articIc `Ic
tcmps ct I'autrc chcz !usscrI ct !cidcggcr'
"JimcandthcCthcrin!usscrIand!cidcggcr")
in /ter, Ieuue de Ibnomno/oyie, I, I3, p.
3I[.
I O. CI. !cidcggcr. IJentityandZy erence, trans. Joan
Stambaugh Icv York. !arpcr and Kov, I),
in particuIar p. 1O, and `Jhc Jurning' in Tbe
Question ConcerinyTecbno/oyy andOtberritinys
IcvYork.!arpcr, I77),p.1III.
I I . J. S. IIiot, `Burnt Iorton' in Iour Quartets, o.
cit. ,p.I5.
I2. Scc vhat !cidcggcr says oIVcstcrn Ianguagcs at
thccndoIIdentityandZy erence,o.cit. ,p. 73II.,a
passagc that cchocs 2O oIIond GoodandIui/,
trans. VaItcr KauImann Icv York. Vintagc
Books, I), p. 27, m vhich Iictzschc cIosc hcrc
to !umboIdt)rccogniscd thc unitary grammaticaI
IoundationoIthc `strangcIamiIyrcscmbIanccoIaII
ndian, Grcck and Gcrman phiIosophising' and
raiscd thc gucstion oIthc doubtIcss vhoIIy diIIcr-
cnt intcrprctations oI thc vorId that thinkcrs
bcIongingtoothcrIanguagcgroupsvouIddcvcIop.
I
. . ". :.
.
.
"
Notes
I3. CI. J. !crrida, Tbe Iost Card, trans. AIan Bass
Chicago. \nivcrsity oIChicago !rcss, I87), pp.
I28, I 8, I7.Vitha ccrtain distancc Iromsucha
conccption that sccs in vriting a uia neyatiua,
Iictzschc says this in 3 oITbe Gay Science. '
am annoycd and ashamcd oImy vriting, vriting
is Ior mc a prcssing and cmbarrassing nccd ...
havcnotdiscovcrcdanyothcrvayoI yettinyridoI
my thoughts', trans. VaItcr KauImann Icv
York.Kandom!ousc, I 71),p.I1.
I1. CI. thcIrcnch transIator's notc tocbeminement
uers /a aro/e !aris. GaIIimard, I7), p. I O,
IngIish-Ianguagc cdn, On tbe ay to Ianyuaye,
o. cit. VhiIcZeicben sign inthc scnsc oIa mark
orindcx) indircctIydcsignatcs athingnotactuaIIy
prcscnt, thc in[ sign in thc scnsc oI gcsturc)
makcs somcthing immcdiatcIy cvidcnt, makcs
vhatis to bc thought appcar dircctIy. tis inthis
scnsc that !cidcggcr Icts it bc undcrstood that
making a sign is thc IundamcntaI trait oI Ian-
guagc.
I5. !cidcggcr,IcttcrtoJcanBcauIrctoI23Iovcmbcr
I15, in Iasic ritinys, 2nd rcv. cdn, cd. !.!
KrcIIIcvYork.!arpcrCoIIins,I3),p.25.
I. Kcnc Char, 'A unc scrcnitc crispcc' "A Jcnsc
Scrcnity") II his coIIcctcd vorks !aris.
GaIIimard,!Iciadc, I83),p.753.
SILiM ve SANA' ;.4KFI
l
KLnUPH..Ni: " .. l
I7
Te//inyTime
NOTE ON THE BIBLIOGRAPHY
I . Kcnc Char, `IcuiIIcts d'!ypnos' "Jhc Icavcs oI
!ypnos"), m his coIIcctcd vorks !aris.
GaIIimard,!Iciadcr,I83),p.IO.
2. Ibid.,`IcsMatinaux'"JhcMatinaIs"),p.335.
ApPENDIX: CHRONO-LOGIES
I. A papcrrcadatthctimcoIthc`dcIcncc'oIthcdoc-
toraIthcsis atthc\nivcrsityoIIouvain BcIgium)
on I Junc I3 bcIorc a jury prcsidcd ovcr by M.
JroisIontaincs, prcsidcnt oIthc nstitut Supcricur
dc !hiIosophic, and composcd oI MM. !crrida,
Gcrard,Kicocurand Jaminiaux `promotcr' oIthc
thcsis).
2. Io. 2 oIthc scrics `!hiIosophics' !aris. \.!,
IO).
3. !astur, H/der1in. Trayie et moderit,
"!IdcrIin. Jragcdy and Modcrnity") Iougcrcs.
IncrcMarinc, I2).
1. Scc thc !rcIatory Kcmarks oIthc cditor, in this
casc Martin !cidcggcr, to thc `VorIcsungcn zur
!hanomcnoIogic dcs inncrcn Zcitbcvusstscins'
"Iccturcs on thc !hcnomcnoIogy oI thc
Consciousncss oI ntcrnaI Jimc"), )abrbucb r
Ibi/osobie und bnomeno/oyiscbe Iorscbuny IX
(!aIIc.MaxIicmcycr, I28).
5. Scc notc 5 to Tbe Issence o Ieasons, trans.
I 8
Jcrrcncc MaIick Ivanston, I. Iorthvcstcrn
\nivcrsity!rcss, I).
Notes
. C !cidcggcr, bat u Cahed Tbin[ny?, trans. J.
GIcnnGrayIcvYork.!arpcrandKov, I8),p.
7.`Vhatisunthoughtinathinkcr'sthoughtisnot
aIackinhcrcntinhisthought. Vhatisun-thought
is thcrc in cach casc onIy as thc un-tbouybt. Jhc
morcoriginaIthcthinkcr,thcrichcrviIIbcvhatis
unthoughtinit.JhcunthoughtisthcgrcatcstgiIt
athoughtcanbcstov.'
7. CI. Sein und Zeit Jibingcn. Iicmcycr, I53), p.
22II. IngIish-Ianguagc trans., Ieiny and Time,
trans. J. Stambaugh AIbany, IY. S\IY !rcss,
I).
8. CI. M. McrIcau-!onty, `!hiIosophic ct non
phiIosophic dcpuis !cgcI' I), Iccturcnotcs, cditcd
and introduccdbyCIaudcIcIort,in Textures, 8,
I 71, p. 88, IngIish-Ianguagc trans., `!hiIosophy
and Ion-!hiIosophy sincc !cgcI', trans. !ugh J.
SiIvcrman, inIbi/osobyandNon-Ibi/osobysince
Mer1eau-Ionty Ivanston, I. Iorthvcstcrn
\nivcrsity !rcss, I88),p..
I
Index
Aristotle, xii, 2-8, 1 0, 18, 23,
35, 38, 45, 54, 70, 82, 130
Bergson, Henri, 30, 75
Boethius, 23
Bolzano, Bernard, 42, l31
Cicero, 2
Celan, Paul, 162-3
Char, Rene, 72-4, 109, 167
Clauberg, 19
Courtine, Jean-Francois, 1 12
Derrida, Jacques, 15, 71, 75,
80, 87, 1 08, 1 10, 1 l3, l30,
137, 140, 147, 166-8
Eliot, T.S., x, 69, 71, 164-6
Fichte, Johann Gottlieb,
60-1
Fink, Eugen, 80
Foucault, Michel, 94
Gadamer, Hans-Gorg, 14,
47-8
Granel, Gerard, 28
Hebel, Johann Peter, 67
Hegel, Georg Wilhelm
Friedrich, 9-10, 16,
1 8-2 1, 31 , 57-61, 63, 66,
69, 80, 83-4, 1 14,129, 164;
Phenomenology ofSpirit,
1 8-19, 57-60, 63, 66, 69,
129, 164; The Science of
Logic, 20, 60-1
Heidegger, Martin, ix, xi,
4-15, 17, 22-7, 31-5,
37-55, 57, 61-8, 70-88;
The Basic Problems of
Phenomenology, 25; Being
and Time, 12, 14, 25-6,
31-3, 37-40, 49, 82, 85,
101; Contributions to
Philosophy, 12, 37, 1 05,
126-7; 'From the
Experience of Thinking',
14, 107; HistOlY ofthe
Concept ofTime, 22-3,
26-7; Identity and
Dif rence, 47-9, 70-1,
l39-41, 166; An
Introduction to
Metaphysics, 4-5, 39, l36;
I7I
'Language and Home',
67, 163; 'Letter on
Humanism', 14, 45-6, 72;
Logic. The Question of
Truth, 5-12, 1 7, 100;
'Logos', 14, 107; 'The
Origin of the Work of
Art', 124; 'The Thing',
34; On Time and Being,
26, 31-2, 105-6; On the
Way to Language, 49-54,
57, 70-1; What i Called
Thinking?, 45-6, 61, 87
Heraclitus, xii, 21-2, 27, 32,
62, 69
Holderlin, Friedrich, 32,
61-7, 84-5, 165
Humboldt, Wilhelm von, 37,
50-5, 57, 67-8, 97
Husserl, Edmund, 17-33,
24-8, 45, 75-6, 79-81, 85,
87, 131; Cartesian
Meditations, 21 , 1 14; The
Idea ofPhenomenology, 26;
Ideas, 18, 25-8, 80; Logical
Investigations, 19, 24, 81,
95, 103, 1 16; On the
Phenomenology ofthe
Consciousness ofInternal
Time, 24, 28-30, 102
Kant, Immanuel, 9-10, 16,
I72
19-21 , 23-4, 28-9, 42,
53-4, 65, 81, 102, 1 1 1,
1 14-5, 1 17, 130
Lambert, Johann Heinrich,
18, 20
Lotze, Rudolf Hermann, 42
Menuhin, Yehudi, 109
Merleau-Ponty, Maurice, 15,
30-1, 33, 69, 80, 88-9,
1 08
Munier, Roger, ix
Nicholas of eusa, 62, 155
Nietzsche, Friedrich, 1,
19-21, 75, 77-8, 81 , 83,
1 14, 160, 166-7
Panini, 94, 97, 99, 144
Parmenides, xxi, 7, 33
Patanjali, 144
Patocka, Jan, 79-80
Plato, 2-3, 7, 10, 18, 24, 45,
82, 88
Ravaisson, Felix, ix
Rickert, Heinrich, 42
Ricoeur, Paul, 75-7, 80,
97-8, 121, 136-7, 168
Sallis, John, 1 16-17
Schelling, Wilhelm Joseph,
24, 60
Schlegel, Friedrich, 98-9
Snell, Bruno, 2
Spinoza, 61
Taminiaux, Jacques, 79, 88,
168
Wolff, Christian, 19
1 73
I
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