Problem #1

Assume:
Incompressible
2-D flow 0, 0
z
V
z

= =

Steady 0 =

t

Parallel 0 =
r
V

a) Conservation of mass for a 2-D flow is:


1
(
r
r V
r r

N
0
1
) ( ) 0
( ) 0 does not depend on
( )
V
r
V V
V V r

+ =

=


b) -mometum equation is:


V
t

N
( )
r
steady
VV
V V
r

+ +
K
N
2
2
0
1 2
(
r
r
V
p V
V
r r

=

= + +

N
2
0
)
r
V
V
r

=


In cylindrical coordinates:

( )
r
V V =
K
N
0
1
V
r r

=

+



Thus,


1
( )
V
V V V
r

K
N
0 from
continuity
0
=
=

Also,


2
2
2 2
1 1 V V
V r
r r r r

| |
= +
|

\ .
0 =

r
0
r
1

0
Problem #1
16.100 2002 2
Combining all of these results gives:


2
this side is independent of
1 1 p V V
r
r r r r r

( | |
=
|
(

\ .

Since the right-hand-side (RHS) is independent of , this requires that
constant
p

for fixed r . But as varies from 2 0 , it must be equal at

2 & 0 , that is ) 2 ( ) 0 ( = = = p p . If not, the solution would be discontinuous.
Thus, 0
p

constant must be zero!

The differential equation for

V is:

0 ) (
1
2
=

r
V
r
V
r
r r



A little rearranging gives:

0 ) (
1
=
(

rV
dr
d
r dr
d


Integrating once gives:


1
) (
1
C rV
dr
d
r
=

Integrating again gives:


2
2
1
2
1
C r C rV + =

2
1
1
2
C
V C r
r

= +
Problem #1
16.100 2002 3
Next, we must apply the no-slip boundary conditions to find

V . Specifically,

at
o o o
r V r r

= = ,

at
1 1 1
, r V r r

= =

because flow velocity equals wall velocity in a viscous flow.

So, apply
1
& r r r r
o
= = bcs:

1
1
1
2
1
1 1 0
0 1
2
1 1 1 1 1 1
2
1
1 0
0 1
1
1
2
2
1
( )
2
o
o
o
o o o
o
o o
r r
r r
C
C
r C r r r
r
r r
C
r C r r r
C
r
r r
r r

=
= +

`

= +
=
)

Or, rearranged a little gives:


1
1
1 1
1 1
1 1
o
o
o o
o o
o o
r r
r r
r r r r
V r r
r r r r
r r r r

= +



c) The radial momentum equation is:


2 2
2 2
1 1 2
( )
r r
r r
V p V V
V V V V
t r r r r

| |
+ = +
|

\ .
K


But 0 & 0 =

V
V
r
so this reduces to:


r
V
r
p
2

Since
2
0
V
r

always, then clearly 0

r
p
.

Thus, pressure increases with r .

Problem #1
16.100 2002 4
d) On the inner cylinder, the moment is a result of the skin friction due to the fluid
shear stress. For this flow in which only 0

V and is only a function of r , the

only non-zero shear stress is

r
and has the following form:


, the only
non-zero strain
r
r
V V V
r
r r r r

=
( | | | |
= =
| |
(

\ . \ .

Problem #1
16.100 2002 5
Rotating Cylinders















For the problem you studied in the homework:

1. What direction is the fluid element acceleration?







2. What direction are the net pressure forces on a fluid element?







3. What direction are the net viscous forces on a fluid element?
o

1