BASIC OPERATIO MA UAL FOR BACKHOE LOADER

Using Backhoe Bucket

Use type of digging which is best suited for your specific job. Crowd Digging: For most general excavating, leveling material, and digging trenches. Crowd digging utilizes the crowd cylinder (A) for majority of movement. 1. Position dipperstick in vertical position and then move away from machine approximately 0.61 m (2 ft). 2. Retract dipperstick and curl bucket simultaneously to make first cut. First cut should be approximately 1.2 m (4 ft) long and 75-100 mm (3-4 in.) deep. 3. Repeat steps 1 and 2 for remaining cuts and increase depth to 100-150 mm (4-6 in.) deep. Bucket Digging: For power digging or working in a small area. Use bucket cylinder (B) for digging. 1. Lower extended bucket to digging area and lower boom to force bucket into ground. 2. While retracting the dipperstick, curl (retract) bucket until it is full. If bucket stalls, raise the boom slightly and continue to curl bucket. If dipperstick stalls, roll back bucket to break out. Crowd Digging

Bucket Digging

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Positioning Spoil Piles

To prevent cave-ins, place spoil pile at least 1 m (3 ft) away from edge of excavation. Deeper excavations require larger area for spoil pile due to increased pile size. Place spoil piles in convenient locations for easier truck loading or backfilling. On slopes, place piles on the upper side for improved machine stability and easier backfilling.

Leveling Machine
Operate machine on firm, level ground when operating backhoe. 1. Level work area as necessary. IMPORTANT: To avoid injury from tipping or unexpected machine movement do not dig under stabilizers. NOTE: When stabilizers are lowered to level machine, they may not be extended the same length due to variations in ground. 2. Lower stabilizers to level machine and provide side-to-side stability. Take load off rear tires with minimum clearance between tires and ground. 3. With front bucket in dig position, lower until weight of machine is off front tires. Add material in bucket for additional counterweight. Position loader bucket in fully dumped position when ground surface is icy, wet, or rocky.

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Using Loader Bucket

NOTE: Bucket and boom can be positioned while machine is on-the-go. 1. Place bucket in dig position on ground. 2. Move gear shift lever to appropriate gear to dig. First or second gear is recommended. 3. Move forward into the material. 4. Raise and curl bucket to hold load.

Excavating With Front Bucket

NOTE: Buckets with teeth are recommended for excavating. Position bucket at a slightly downward angle on ground and drive forward to scoop ground and curl bucket at end of excavating area. If digging in tightly packed, hard or dense ground, use a gentle up-and-down motion to break up ground.

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Dozing and Plowing

DOZING: With bucket parallel to ground, remove as little dirt as possible from top surface. Let dirt spill from partially dumped bucket to fill in low spots. PLOWING: Place boom in float position and bucket in dig position to prevent gouging surface (e.g.-cleaning concrete and snow removal). Also use float position to avoid mixing surface and stockpile material.

Backdragging
Leveling and grading can be done by backdragging with front loader bucket in reverse. Place front loader boom in float position when backdragging so bucket will follow contour of ground.

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Excavating Banks or Stockpiles

CAUTION: To prevent possible injury from falling material, remove overhangs from top of bank or stockpile before starting excavation. Remove overhang with backhoe or loader before starting to dig at the base of a bank or stockpile. Using backhoe or loader, reduce required breakout force required when digging into hard, dense, or tightlypacked material by working from top of bank or stockpile to bottom. Under normal conditions, start to excavate bank or stockpile from bottom, working up the side. Work face of bank or stockpile evenly to prevent outcroppings and overhangs. Excavate bank or stockpile with machine at a 90 angle to digging surface. 1. Position bucket on the ground in dig position. NOTE: Use differential lock as necessary. 2. Place gear shift lever in first or second gear depending on ground conditions. 3. Move forward into the bank or stockpile. 4. Raise and curl bucket as it fills. Normal Excavating Position Remove Overhang

Hard Material Start Point

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Backfilling
CAUTION: To avoid injury due to an overturn when backfilling, DO NOT position machine at an angle to excavation. To ensure best possible traction and stability, approach excavation straight on. IMPORTANT: To prevent machine damage, DO NOT use loader bucket in dump position or side of bucket to backfill. Use bucket side or loader in dump position only if finish grading with front boom in float position. Backfilling Next To a Building: NOTE: If operating in an area with limited work space, use backhoe bucket instead of loader for easier maneuvering. Extra dirt can be backfilled around foundations to allow for settling. When backfilling next to a building, push load as close as possible with loader bucket, then backdrag to pull excess material away. Backfilling An Excavation: As an excavation is filled nearly to grade, begin to compact material by slowly moving front wheels onto fill material while gradually emptying loader bucket. Front wheels will compact loose soil which will support machine as it moves further onto filled area.
TX,35,BG254 -19-29AUG97-1/2

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NOTE: To level surface and fill tracks as grade is reached, backdrag when backing out over filled area. (See Backdragging in this chapter for backdragging procedure.) Backfilling Large Areas: To bring a large area up to grade, while being able to drive in, spread material in thin layers over entire area. Operate at nearly full engine speed while in first gear and dump material on-the-go. Reverse direction just prior to emptying bucket. Tractor will compact fill material as it moves back and forth.

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Truck Loading
Level and smooth loading area before loading trucks to increase machine stability. Retract and lock backhoe and dipperstick. Install swing lock pin. Ensure working area is clear of all persons, including truck driver, before loading truck. Park truck close to stockpile to reduce backhoe travel time. If possible, load truck on driver's side for easy communication with driver. If possible, park truck so wind will be at your back to keep dust of the dumped load out of your eyes and away from engine air cleaner. Follow a "V" path between truck and stockpile. Raise loader while moving toward truck and lower while moving away from truck to save time. Load truck box from center front to center rear. Dump load into truck at a steady pace (rather than abruptly) to minimize stress on truck. If loading large rock, first place a load of smaller rock into truck to cushion impact of large. If loading with backhoe bucket, do not swing bucket over truck cab.

"V" Path

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Benching
CAUTION: Prevent possible injury from a collapsing soil bank. DO NOT undercut soil bank with bucket. NOTE: Start benching on a level surface. If necessary, use backhoe bucket to create a level starting point to bench. 1. With bucket positioned at a slightly downward angle, move gear shift to first gear, lower bucket into ground and drive forward. 2. Create a windrow of spoil material to build the bench.
TX,35,BD2121 -19-07OCT96-1/3

CAUTION: Prevent possible injury from rollover. DO NOT drop leading front tire past windrow edge. DO NOT work parallel to road edge to compact spoil. NOTE: Keep material in bucket while moving forward to fill low spots on bench. 3. Push windrow at 45-90 angle to road edge to extend bench. 4. Compact windrow spoil with leading front tire ONLY.

TX,35,BD2121 -19-07OCT96-2/3

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5. Make a final grading pass to straighten uphill bank and level bench.

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Lifting
CAUTION: Never move the load suddenly. Never move load over person's head. Do not allow any persons near the load. Keep all persons away from raised load until blocks are supporting it or load is sitting on the ground. Make sure chain/sling is in good condition and is rated for load you are lifting. 1. For maximum lifting capability, attach chain/sling to buckets at positions shown. Refer to Specifications chapter for capacities of backhoe. 2. Attach a hand line to load for stability. Use long enough line to ensure that person holding it is a safe distance from load. 3. Before lifting, perform following test of load stability: NOTE: If using backhoe to lift, raise rear tires off ground 50 mm (2 in.) and ensure machine is level. If ground is soft, place boards or other wide support under stabilizer feet to increase stability. a. Park machine close to load. b. Attach load to chain/sling. c. Raise load 50 mm (2 in.) above ground. d. If using backhoe, swing load all the way to one side. e. While keeping load close to the ground, extend it away from machine. If there is any indication of reduced stability of your machine, lower load to the ground and make necessary adjustments so machine can successfully perform test. Do not lift load until machine can perform test at acceptable level.

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Universal Bucket Couplers and Bucket Options

NOTE: In addition to the Universal coupler shown here, other couplers are available through your authorized dealer for a specific machine manufacturer; such as CASE and FORD NEW HOLLAND. The 310G and 310E backhoe buckets have the same pin sizes as the D-series and C-series backhoe buckets, allowing Dand C-series backhoe buckets to pin to 310G and 310E linkage in the power dig position. This provides 190 bucket rotation without

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changing bucket pin location. Bucket must be installed in truck load position to prevent rod from hitting grease fitting on top of dipperstick. Item Measurement Specification 44.5 mm (1.75 in.) 38.1 mm (1.5 in.)

310G and 310E Bucket-to- Diameter Dipperstick Pin 310G and 310E Bucket-to- Diameter Bucket Linkage Pin

A universal coupler is available to adapt a 310G or 310E backhoe for use with existing Deere and other types of buckets. To use coupler (A), slide front bucket pin into pin groove (B) of coupler and attach back bucket pin through appropriate size hole (C) in coupler, with coupler installed, the following buckets may be used:

310G and 310E Buckets 310SG, 315SG, 410G, 310SE, 315SE, and 410E Buckets 300D-510D Buckets 210C-610C Buckets Case C, D, K and L Series Buckets Caterpillar B-Series Buckets
OUO1079,0000294 -19-09OCT00-1/2

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NOTE: The E-series and C- and Dseries John Deere buckets have different rear pin positions in the coupler. To attach the coupler to a bucket, engage the hook on the coupler with the front bucket pin. After the front pin is in the hook, roll the bucket to the correct rear pin position. The coupler has three rear pin holes to attach different buckets.

A-Caterpillar B-Deere C- and D-Series and Case C-Deere 310G and 310E D-Deere 310SG, 315SG, 410G, 310SE, 315SE, and 410E

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Loading and Unloading Machine on a Trailer

Loading the Machine on a Trailer 1. Keep trailer bed clean. Put wheel chocks (A) against trailer wheels. 2. Use a ramp or loading dock. Ramps must be strong enough, have a low angle, and correct height. Load and unload machine on a level surface. 3. Fasten seat belt before starting engine. Allow engine to run for several minutes. 4. Install the extendible dipperstick locking pin, if equipped, and engage the backhoe swing lock. (See Operating the Machine chapter for lock operation instructions.) 5. Drive the machine up ramps slowly with centerline of machine over centerline of trailer. (See Driving the Machine chapter for driving instructions.) 6. Lower loader bucket onto blocks or trailer bed. 7. Lower backhoe boom until bucket rests on trailer bed. 8. Move gearshift lever and FNR lever to NEUTRAL. CAUTION: Prevent possible injury from unexpected machine movement. Never rely on FNR lever and gearshift lever to keep machine from moving. Always engage park brake to hold machine. 9. Engage the park brake. IMPORTANT: Turbocharger, if equipped, may be damaged if engine is A-Wheel Chock (6 used)

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not properly shut down. 10. Run engine at 1/2 speed without load for two minutes. 11. Move engine speed control lever to SLOW IDLE. 12. Turn key switch to OFF and remove key from switch.
OUO1079,00002C0 -19-24OCT00-1/3

13. Move hydraulic control levers to release hydraulic pressure.

OUO1079,00002C0 -19-24OCT00-2/3

IMPORTANT: Prevent possible hydraulic system damage. Fasten chains or cables to machine at proper locations. 14. Fasten chains or cables from trailer to frame tie-downs (A). DO NOT route chains or cables over or against hydraulic lines or hoses. 15. Fasten backhoe bucket to trailer with chains or cables to prevent movement during transport. 16. Cover engine exhaust pipe opening with tape to keep dust and rain out of pipe. Unloading the Machine from the Trailer 1. Park the trailer on a level surface. 2. Put wheel chocks against all trailer wheels. 3. Clean the trailer bed. Remove chains from the trailer bed. Uncover engine exhaust pipe. 4. Use long ramps to unload the A-Frame Tie-Down (3 used)

Left Side Shown

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machine. 5. Lock the brake pedals together with the pedal lock device. 6. Fasten seat belt and face the front of the machine. 7. Start the machine and run the engine at SLOW IDLE for several minutes. 8. Raise the front bucket approximately 30 cm (1 ft). Engage the backhoe boom lock and fully curl the backhoe bucket. 9. Disengage the park brake. 10. Shift transmission to 1st and drive slowly off the trailer.

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