Reference: Basic Metallurgy for NDT - Editor J L Taylor Questions Refer to Chapters 5 & 6 1.

Internal stresses will be created from any welding operation in which heat is emplyed or generated. After cooling this will result in? Tensile stress in weld metal, compressive stress in adjacent parent plate Compressive stress in weld metal and adjacent parent plate Compressive stress in weld metal. Tensile stress in adjacent parent plate Tensile stress in weld metal and adjacent parent plate 2. The microstructure of the weld metal can be considered to be similar to that of? The parent plate The heat affected zone The parent plate and the heat affected zone A casting 3. Formation of martensite in a welded structure is? Desirable Inevitable Avoided if possible as martensite is prone to cracking Avoided by the use of alloying elements 4. Hardenability increases as? Alloying elements increase Carbon equivalent increases Rate of cooling increases All of the above 5. As the carbon equivalent increases the? Preheat temperature increases Preheat temperature decreases Hardness of the weld decreases Hardenability decreases 6. Which of the following must be avoided to avoid cracking in a weldment? Stress Martensite Hydrogen All of the above Martensite and hydrogen 7. Which of the following statements is true? Weld Weld Weld Weld decay decay decay decay is is is is a form of intercrystalline cracking reduced by decreasing carbon content reduced by additions of niobium reduced by sub-critical annealing

8. Which of the following is not a form of stainless steel? Austenitic Bainitic

Ferritic Martensitic 9. Which is the main alloying element with respect to stainless steel? Nickel Chromium Carbon Molybdenum 10. Austenitic stainless steel welds are? Generally easy to test using ultrasonics Equiaxed crystal structure Homogenous Anistropic 11. Solidification cracking is considered to be caused due to? Segregation of alloying elements High heat inputs Lack of preheat High melting point alloying metals 12. The risk of hydrogen induced heat affected zone cracking can be reduced by? Using cellulosic electrodes Increasing the size of the weld pool Increasing the heat affected zone hardness Increasing the alloy addition 13. Which of the following is NOT true with respect to lamellar tearing? Has Are Are Are a characteristic step like appearance prone in fillet welds perpendicular to the direction of rolling caused by the bands of manganese and sulphides

14. Cavities elongated in the direction of which gas is escaping is termed? Pores Wormholes Pipes Wormholes and Pipes and correct 15. Which of the following does not create porosity when welding? Contamination of parent metal surfaces Use of powerful deoxidants Excessive dampness in consumables Inadequate removal of hydrated oxide films 16. Which of the following solid inclusion is most likely in TIG weld? Slag Flux Tungsten Oxide 17. Which of the following welding processes is most prone to lack of fusion typ

e defects? Manual metal arc Submerged arc Electroslag Oxy gas welding 18. The melting point of the parent plate and its subsequent removal by the forc e of the welding process is known as? Misalignment Lack of penetration Undercut Inadequate Capping 19. Shrinkage grooves located in the weld root of pipework is considered to be? Lack Root Burn Root of root fusion concavity through undercut

20. Excessive reinforcement of a butt weld may cause? Stress raiser Fatigue Misalignment Both stress raiser and fatigue are correct

1. Tensile stress in weld metal, compressive stress in adjacent parent plate 2. A casting 3. Avoided if possible as martensite is prone to cracking 4. All of the above 5. Preheat temperature increases 6. All of the above 7. Weld decay is reduced by sub-critical annealing 8. Bainitic 9. Chromium 10. Anistropic 11. Segregation of alloying elements 12. Increasing the size of the weld pool 13. Are perpendicular to the direction of rolling 14. Wormholes and Pipes and correct 15. Use of powerful deoxidants 16. Tungsten 17. Oxy gas welding 18. Undercut 19. Root undercut 20. Both stress raiser and fatigue are correct