Escolar Documentos
Profissional Documentos
Cultura Documentos
COM
Custom writing service provided by Rightpapers.com
Table of Contents
Executive Summary p. 3
1.0 Introduction p. 3
References p. 42
Appendix A
Appendix B
Executive Summary
A consultant report from New Solutions for S.U.B.S for recruitment into its postgraduate
program was submitted. Report first clearly identifies various creative thinking and
problem solving techniques and then chooses various models to study in depth the
problems faced by the university and lastly, finding various solutions to fix those
through various stages of recruitment and selection procedures and are depicted
different aspects of the problem in detail and then provides various possible solutions to
one-step solution to the problem, but it involves various small steps to be covered to
Steps involving problems at academic level, general and research level problems,
1. Introduction
and innovation in running successful businesses and companies. There are certain key
The companies that are highly competitive and successful in increasing their shares in
shareholders after long term innovative stress has a corporate value (Plsek, 1997; Fisher,
demand. Because customers use services and goods, they experience new ideas and want
innovative change in goods and services. Customer not showing their satisfaction on
services actually leads to the creation of innovative idea (Deming, 1993). We can stay
ahead even by implying past innovations for competing in the market because in some
businesses past innovations are reversed and replicated, which are more cost-effective
than making newer one. Patents offer little certification of exceptionality (von Hipple,
According to Bower and Christensen (1995) if businesses will not employ innovative
technology they will lag behind, because, their competitors will lead by employing new
technology and take the market in their hands. There is a need to have a fresh look on old
problems with new ideas (Senge, 1990; Stacey, 1996). Problems are re-emerging with re-
emerging changes. Therefore, we need to find diversified new solutions for each problem
and rework on it in a different way and leave old ideas that do not work anymore.
A project was handed over to New Solutions to look into problem of recruiting students
in the postgraduate program of S.U.B.S. New Solutions has analysed completely various
aspects of the problems and proposed different solutions using various creative ideas and
Different models of creative thinking were examined to study the current problem of
During the period from 1908 to 1964, eight models of creativity were in use pointed by
Arieti (1976). Ever since there have been new models of creativity emerging for
implications into different problems. However, many researchers do not agree that
creativity could ever be described in models in sequence of steps. In arts, it does not
follow any model (Vinacke, 1953). According to Wertheimer (1945), sequence of steps in
brain.
However, while applying these models for different problem solving issues, one
rigidly applying a model in a situation. Changes are brought according to the needs of the
According to Wallas (1926) process of creative thinking passes through four phases,
subconscious mental process, which is not directed but innovative (Torrance, 1988). It
also reveals that creativity involves analytical thinking. It involves analyzing a problem
According to few researchers creative problem solving model involves six steps i.e.,
object finding, fact-finding, problem finding, idea finding, solution finding and
1. Objective finding
2. Fact finding
3. Problem finding
4. Idea finding
5. Solution finding
6. Acceptance finding
Parnes, 1992 and Isaksen & Trefflinger, 1985
According to Koberg and Bagnall (1981) model, we should first accept the situation,
analyze it, that is, study the problem, defining the objectives to be achieved, finding
solutions and options for fixing the problem, selecting the best way of fixing the problem,
implementing those theories into the situation and evaluating the results.
comparing reality, taking action, adjusting and evaluating, creating momentum and
completion.
Conception
Vision
Current reality
Take action
Building momentum
Completion
Living with your creation
We have engaged these high-ordered thinking models into the current problem faced by
Following creative ideas were generated after looking deep into various problems of the
university.
Evaluating enrolment figures in the program and implementing strategies to attract
Decision making by the staff is an important step towards the progress of the program.
Updating all the books and curricula according to the requirements of students and
according to the today’s need for the professionals in their specific field.
will not only ensure greater number of students being enrolled but will also open
Evaluation through students, by collecting data from students on their satisfaction to the
New staff employment strategies to fill up the current vacancies of teachers and other
Staff and students should be encouraged to participate in research projects and to publish
their work. To generate more scholarships for research purposes and employing more
research groups, improving research labs, investing in new equipment and computerizing
Supervising committee should be set for complete guidance of the students in helping
them selecting their subjects and conducting their research and other activities.
Evaluation through Staff, studying the progress of research activity and other strategies
There is a common theme that forms the basis of all creative processes. It involves
analysis, creative imagination and evaluation. Older models show that creative ideas are
the result of subconscious process in the brain and they are not directed or controlled.
Whereas newer models imply the creation of new ideas is under the direct control.
However, all these ideas need to be worked on and implemented to turn them into
innovative techniques.
Deep analysis and study of these various types of models are encouraging to take a
forward step for improvement. Successful businesses often apply such creative problem
solving techniques to improve their business plans. We need strong workforce, creative
skills, scientific thought, analytical thinking and implementation to accomplish this task.
For the current problems prevailing in the university we do not need to completely
discard the old system, but we need to improve and upgrade the current system and bring
important and useful changes that should be attract full for students and their careers, Just
as we need to supplement old models with new thinking skills for sustenance of novel
ideas and innovative object. In addition, there is a need for mental ability, power and will
to direct these ideas into proper innovative creations. There is a need to face challenges
faced by university as this time and will to work, only then we stand well-equipped to
lead our institution to compete and generate new results through innovation.
We also need to analyze that which model or plans were implemented earlier to rid of any
repetition of mistakes we may do in implementing new plans. We need to see and analyze
deeply that which plan worked and which failed. The choice of technique is also very
important. Making efforts to turn those technique in practice is another important steps.
There should be balance between generation of ideas and judging prematurely. First we
need to harvest and enhance our ideas before final implication of those ideas. It is clear
that all ideas are useless if they are not being worked on. Creative thoughts and new ideas
can bring change only if they are valued and put to work. Therefore, it is important that
making current plans that might be associated with our cognitive mechanisms. Four
major steps are preparation, imagination, development and action. Tools are needed to
Conclusively, we can say that innovation is not simply the result of generation of creative
ideas but generation of ideas in accord with the situation, analyzing new generated ideas
with the situation, careful planning, implementing wisely, evaluation and cost
management are all needed having innovation to take place in the actual world.
3. Potential Impact
According to a recent research (Parry and Hayden, 1993) postgraduate students benefit
from the program only when these students are paid attention separately, faculty and
departmental staff clearly verify the assistance these students should receive. For
implemented in the new curricula. These strategies are formed after careful analysis of
the problems that were faced by the students, which were causing decline in students’
strength in the university. Creative ideas were generated to find out various possible
recruitment practices and on the university standards to recruit students per class.
There is also a need to start scholarships for students who are unable to pay their full fee.
Technical expertise and competencies in their language should be considered mandatory
prior to admission.
Apart from quantitative analysis of students’ recruitment, university should also consider
the qualitative approach to recruit students. Thus, admitting those students who are
skillful and eligible for the program. And who will prove to be good in giving out results,
For every student there should be a clear statement for the academic mission of the
Every student should have a clear idea about departmental activities, social and
intellectual prospects, facilities, resources, services, support, research facilities, and other
procedures.
In addition, there should be accommodation facilities, offices for mail typing, laboratory
library facilities, telephone, email and facsimile facilities, research grants and paid work.
All above mentioned facilities should be publicized among undergraduate students, who
Recent research showed that postgraduate students find various elements useful such as
outline of the research they are taking, opportunity to meet other postgraduates,
Selection of topics should be made easy and should be in consistent with the research
Each student should be guided individually that how they have to conduct research. Each
database.
There should be regular meetings and discussions between the supervisors, other research
students for keep check on the progress of work and new innovative ideas that research
Each student should keep a record of his or her work. Similarly, each supervisor should
keep record of their supervision to avoid any misunderstanding between student and the
supervisor. There should be brief records of meetings, discussions, deadlines set for the
accomplishment of certain task or research work, notes on advice provided to each
Working relationship with other students should be kept in harmony. Students should
have opportunities to mix socially with other departmental students. There should be
network of students to get mixed with each other and learn each other problems, research
Progress of each student should be completely checked. There should be a definite policy
There should be new developmental policies to provide financial assistance for research
Each student should keep participating in conferences, seminars and colloquia for sharing
4. Project Management
Following steps are important for enhancing recruitment and participation of students in
should be essential selection criteria set for hiring employees and staff. Selection criteria
should be flexible enough to determine the right person for right job. Every essential
get the job. Rather than restricting to numerical scores of each applicant, judgment of
For selecting the academic staff educational qualification will always come under the
There should be separate training for non-academic staff to improve their skills and
For general staff knowledge and basic skills are mandatory for performing certain jobs
should be specified, as well as, the capability to acquire knowledge, comprehending, and
developing skills quickly should also be acceptable. For general staff communication
skills, interpersonal skills, leadership and management skills are very important. For
academic staff, teaching skills, research and representational skills should be important to
acquire.
Positions involving the management and supervision of staff and students, requires
Experience in the relevant field and the positions applied by the applicant is mandatory.
In addition, any other general or relevant experience that might have provided the
applicant with transportable knowledge should also be taken into the consideration. These
may include organizational or communication skills, the ability to work well with other
people or accept more responsibility, and the ability to manage committee work
effectively, are only a few of the many transportable skills that may be acquired in or
In selecting academic staff, their career in research, their number and frequency of
likelihood that they will have had breaks in their academic careers, it may be important to
consider the rate of publications over a concentrated period so they will not be unfairly
disadvantaged.
While selecting general staff, focus should be made on the quality of the finished task, the
quantity of completed work, timeliness, and the level of service provided may be
considered.
Assessing personal qualities are also a crucial step in performing relevant duties.
for the potential of future and advance career development, as well as, willingness and
enthusiasm to perform the duties and responsibilities of other positions at the same or
higher levels might also be appropriate. In this case, occupant’s advantage in acquiring
to perform certain jobs and their abilities to cope with university environment and
learning new skills in performing various tasks. However, these skills do not generate
from being paid in workforce. Therefore, selection criteria will be based on both
knowledge, qualification and experiences rather than only on knowledge or only or skills.
And skills should be job specific skills to keep a balance between merit and experience.
In making such selections more than five to six criteria should be kept in mind or
particular positions. Assessment should be quite fair to increase objectivity and ensure
clarity and equality. Therefore, it is needed that while making selections university
should avoid narrow range of essential qualifications and experience but should
Success in business should be achieved by change in the business and change in the
The current problems of S.U.B.S were solved upon based on past experiences. The
problem was the declining number of enrolled students in postgraduate program. The
problem was analysed and studied in detail for finding out the grounds that caused
should be provided to labs. Employing more staff and services to the students. Changing
old one, insufficient staff and replacing with new energetic one and opening more job
opportunities.
Doing business and marketing is creative. By applying new innovative ideas to the
institute and employing new staff and increasing workforce we can have vast number of
new strain of ideas from new people. In this way, we can have better responses to the new
New creative and innovative techniques were applied to solve these various problems. It
involves divergent thinking. As this type of thinking involves large number of alternative
to each problem. Thinking analytically also involves convergent thinking, in this case,
we also worked to study various alternatives to find out best answers to the solutions.
Then, the most suitable and best solution is applied to the problem. However, the earlier
mistakes that were made were due to the reason that thinking and solving problems in a
way to jump right on the one answer mental solution to the problem without giving a seat
to the other possibilities that might prove to be better than one solution answer. Creative
brainstorming, which is best known tools for creativity. Therefore, the very first step is to
think creatively, then finding plenty of different solutions for the problem, then analysing
them to find best suitable answers according to the situation prevailing in the university.
This also involves financial support and cost management. In this way, we can get the
answer that will not only increase the number of students in the campus but it will also
increase the quality of education, resultantly, the university will be thriving the
competitive environment.
Involving creativity in solving problems is just like employing our own new novel ideas
to improve the solution. But creativity without implementing those ideas is nothing.
Therefore, creatively thinking then intelligently applying those and managing them in
Knowledge alone is not enough. But we need to use it wise and creatively. Imagination in
right direction works. Imagination pulls out new ideas from the knowledge and then use
those ideas at hand to solve that problem. Some scientist view imagination as being more
important than knowledge itself. It is not always what we know but it’s how we use it.
Every normal intellectual person has very unique creative capability because of one’s
own different experiences in life and the environment we live in. Therefore, each of us
has different creative skills, some being better off than others and some are worse. This
implies using our creative imagination differently and working on it differently. However,
skills can be learned, directed, imaginative, and developed along time with more
In addition, to all those creative thinking and innovation business should undergo various
changes that should be dynamic and keep changing with time. As for university standards
these should be kept changing with dynamic environment according to new innovative
This also requires that apart from keeping our business and institute upgrade we need to
study other businesses deeply. Studying their pros and cons will lead us to find mistakes
other businesses did or key to their successes. We can then acquire some of their tactful
For accelerating change to keep in consistent with the ever changing environment there is
a need to have supervisors team formed who will keep monitoring the progress going
with in the postgraduate program. Another committee will be formed for studying
constant change that is occurring in the outer market and then bringing changes in the
Attracting students with advertising and marketing is also very important step. But
advertising and marketing alone does not work. Attracting students is not enough for
recruiting students into the program. But attracting students and then providing them the
program and course according to their satisfaction is key to the success. Once students
are being compelled to get enrolled in the courses, they should be provided with enough
information so that they should get satisfied with the university standards. Printing clear
and useful brochure that should list all the facilities and advantages the students will get
after enrolling in a particular program. Students should have a complete idea of what they
are going to do and what advantages they are going to have in the university. In addition,
Increasing transportation and other facilities for students is also an important step to take
further. Providing convenience from campus to their houses will attract a large number of
students. Many students who find university out of their way or cannot afford to reach
university because of long distance, time, and cost will be attracted towards the university
for the transport services provided by the university. There are many students who cannot
have a car or any other transport of their own to reach university on time.
Such transport system can be acquired on contract basis. University if unable to provide
their own transport can hire any company on contract basis for pick and drop facilities for
the students. Charges would be beared by the students who will use any such facility.
Another major step is to provide courses to a level that should be of great value to the
students. All postgraduate courses should have professionalism and high degree awarding
programs. Students after taking courses and completing programs should get internships
or affiliations with certain business organizations so that they should immediately start
Apart from offering theoretical courses, university should design practical training in
each course so that students should learn the practical skills of whatever they were taught
in theory. In case, university do not provide any internships to the students, this will
ensure their immediate employment after leaving the campus. This will save a lot of time,
Third option is giving employment to students in their own campuses and opening new
job opportunities for fresh postgraduates. Hiring by university of their own students will
not only strengthen the workforce, but ensure successful students their right employment.
Employing new workforce, newly postgraduates is like hiring new ideas, innovation and
new thinking in the current curricula of the university. This will also create a satisfaction
in future students of being hired by the university and they will feel more comfortable
and dignified while studying in the university that values their credit and success.
All these changes are necessary to provide students with better services by improving the
value of the programs. One more additional solution that university must consider is to
cut and reduce their current cost of postgraduate program apart from providing them the
scholarships and financial assistance. Financial assistance can also be provided on loan
basis. This will ensure a gradual recollection of the money they invested in providing
ensuring job opportunity for students within the campus. Students who are unable to pay
their debts they took to continue their postgraduate programs can join university as their
full time or part time job. In this case, their half or full remuneration will be deducted to
pay for the debts they took for their studies. This will increase university’s free workforce
and various institutions. Changes always occur with the demands of different products
and services. Other institutions and businesses keep on developing new ways for
For example new payment procedures keep on developing according to the needs. We can
consider the example of the creation of credit card. It came first under consideration
when Frank Mc Namara wasn’t left with any cash to pay his bills in the restaurant. It was
not possible for him to carry so much amount of money with him all the time. His wife
then drove back to house for two hours to take some cash to pay the bills. Instead of
carrying more cash from next time, he invented Dinner’s club card. This is thinking
creatively. He then used to dinner’s club card onwards to pay his bills. With more
evolution and changes according to the needs there was an invention of platinum,
titanium, Master and visa cards for paying bills not only to restaurants but to any shop,
petrol pump and even online shopping on internet. This indicates that with rise of need,
We understand that businesses and institutes are in great competition. We need to thrive
and check what others are providing their students. So that we can compete and provide
and better solution. Suppose if students are getting better facilities, more attention, and
quality courses at discounted rates then their only choice will be that university where he
classrooms. All the courses and programs should be available online and through
intranets for easy accessibility. Students can use computer as their researching tool by
using online libraries and subscription to various online journals, newspapers and
magazines.
Reducing prices will benefit many students to complete their course. The current need is
to establish flexible study opportunity for students. We need to establish institutes that are
nimble, lively, and adaptable for various situations. With competition we need to see
opportunities and create them for our students. According to very recent survey by
American management Association of 500 CEOs the number one skill reported is the
“practicing creativity and innovation”, however, only few believe that they have already
of their business. Further researchers show a positive correlation between a proactive and
innovative management style and a flexible and adaptive organization and it’s business
presentation.
Research findings in the business press show a strong statistical positive relationship
Using UNIX software for researching information is now an old idea. It is laborious for
the student and time consuming. With the advent of graphics interface and World Wide
Web research is very easy. We can exchange information and communicate through web
based protocols is much easier and should be assessable for each students in the vicinity
of the university.
According to Gary Vasilash 80s was for quality management, 90s was for lean
management and just-in-time, and 00s is for creativity. Creativity is defined as novel,
Applying creative rules we need to brainstorm and see the negative side affects of the
One method of reaching students is to prepare questionnaires for the current students
enrolled in postgraduate program and also for those who are in under graduate program.
Questionnaire should be such to ask students what are the most convenient things they
find in the postgraduate programs, after enrolling which steps they find most helpful in
conducting their research. What are the set backs and disabilities they find within the
university? What new facilities students think they should get while accomplishing their
postgraduate program? How is the attitude of staff and supervisors? How much attention
Getting knowledge of students’ need from the point of view of students is the best way of
keep improving facilities within the environment of university. We can build ourselves on
each other’s ideas, views and contribution. The project is to recruit more students in the
postgraduate program. Recruiting students means not only to increase number of students
enrolled in postgraduate program but providing them with those facilities and needs for
which they will enrol in university’s program. If they are deprived of it, they will not
consider of taking admission in it. Therefore, it is the primary task to know how student’s
perceive postgraduate programs and what they think that program should be made more
workable than ever. Once we will be able to generate a number of responses from the
students, we’ll be able to improve university standards to increase the strength in various
postgraduate programs.
While applying creative thinking we should now also apply convergent thinking. We now
need to know that how we can get large number of responses from the students. Also the
information that we’re going to collect should be right and accurate rather then just mere
joke or entertainment in the eyes of students. One such procedure is to make several
options on the paper and leaving blank boxes. Students will require to fill the boxes, thus,
marking the changes they think, should be there for their improving studies standards.
One way is to take surveys individually or the other way is to take surveys in groups.
After generating a large number of ideas we need to abandon the bad one.
Jack Ricchiuto describes four core competencies in creative thinking. The first one is to
imagine more than one idea, and to find more possible right answers rather than just one
brainstorming and diversity. That is finding out more solutions to the problems.
Broadening our vision and generate more of useful solutions rather than stick to one
problem one solution theory. In a way, we can say that looking for different ways of
solving the problem. This was termed as inventive. In third competency stimulating
ourselves or others to look outside usual pattern of thinking. That is relating our problem
ideas which can be worked on or have practical implementation to seek the results. This
We should increase our productivity using creative thinking techniques. It should not be
stressful but joyful and should be done in relaxed and stress free period. It should result
In the current era there is no stationary of stable environment of doing business. With fast
changing time and new inventions and fast progress in information technology, we also
need to change our environment according to current changes. For best results from our
techniques. Entrepreneurial management style is applicable for both smaller and larger
firms. A firm should be proactive in its competition and customers as addressed by this
style. This style also emphasizes the value of product and services in the eyes of
customers i.e., how customer defines it and perceive it. In addition, through innovation
we need to develop, create and implement new products, programs, and services that
In this century, successful organizations are very flexible. Organizations that are dynamic
and continually adapted to the changes in the culture and concurrently imply those
enable them to make best decision for the customers and the firm without causing any
Marketing is the most important and major step in publicizing the institute in general and
Another important step is that institution should be informed of the current update about
its own services in the market and in view of other students. University needs to
continually scan the latest news about the students, about competitors and services at the
university. University need to know about its services in view of the students studying at
the other campuses. As well as, updating technological, socio-economical and financial
issues. University can then have responses from implementation of these new policies
University also need to have cross-functional team with record of enrolment, strength of
students and finance. Such team should have diversified members belong to different
race, class, gender, and age. Such team should approach diverse problem solving tools.
Creative thinking produces best results with such thriving groups. Therefore,
implementation of such innovative ideas resulting from creative thinking are not as
handle and take longer time for implementation. In this oriented environment creative
thinking should produce student-driven and market driven responses which are most
take long term plans and longer duration for running. This type of creativity is based on
expertise and knowledge, skills of thinking working creatively and motivation. Apart
from positive effects there could be negative effects resulting from delaying in deploying
University should make arrangements for the staff and student’s seminars and
conferences for mutual understanding and updating their knowledge and skills.
University also needs to have small workshops in the vicinity of the campus to encourage
reading, writing, and other research related activities among the students. In addition,
university should hold all other creative activities apart from student’s expertise and study
patterns. In this way, they will be exposed to new fresh approaches and learning from
other’s viewpoint. Learning from others and outside our own experience and expertise
improves creativity.
Motivation of employees and students is an intrinsic cyclic program and works as driving
force to keep working for change. Giving awards is rewarding but recognition is another
major step for motivation of students. For successful implementation of plans university
In working environment like labs and classrooms, university should ensure that there
should be plenty of flip charts, white boards, board markers, bulletin boards, computers,
assess to World Wide Web and other things to enhance communication facilities for
students. This way student will feel feasible in asking questions and opinions with each
Realizing past failures and then avoiding doing the same mistakes in the future is another
major step. Finding out reasons that contributed to the failure and then learning from
them, correcting them and avoiding them onwards. Having no failures means we are not
confronting any risks. The greatest of mistakes is to have no risks and being ignorant
University needs to develop trust among students, staff and educational environment.
Students should think positively for university and the program. Negative feelings and
attitude will create a distasteful environment and discourage future students to get enrol
in postgraduate programs.
Today technology is thriving into every business and organization. Therefore, its literacy
and setup is very important developing academic skills in students. It will prepare
students to use tools, materials and procedures, and research tools in an efficient and
students’ capabilities. Hence, the outcomes should be met through integrated study so that
students should develop technology knowledge and skills within the context of all areas
provide better opportunities for students. University should implement information and
technology learning through university web portals that will provide students with best
Inclusion of all applicable technological skills in all research and postgraduate programs
will enhance the teaching and learning process. This will ensure incorporation of
which students will gain knowledge and develop more skills. Students will also learn
For incorporating such a system there is need to draw specific guidelines that will
contribute to these IT skills. Every student should experience these skills during their
research programs. As for there are different students from different backgrounds and
experiences, therefore, the guidelines provided will be quite flexible so that every student
should get adjustable with the environment. However, the guidelines are not for limiting
students to the use of technology but directing them to use them wisely and useful
manner.
Therefore, focus of such programs will be for the students to participate in different types
appropriate to the task. Students will understand the limitations of this new technological
medium and be aware of possible hazards within the online environment. A student
should be an efficient user of the Internet. He or she will be familiar with the nature of the
World Wide Web and the role of search engines. Students will gauge and assess the
features of different search engines and understand the extent and limitations of each.
They will learn to perform advanced search functions including use of Boolean operators.
They will know the advantages and disadvantages of various search strategies.
Employing technology in their research students will assemble and organize different
viewpoints to find out their validity. Using information technology tools for finding facts
about research and diversified ideas. However, this will follow evaluation of the
opinions, finding information and locating, evaluating data critically and gathering
There is also need for the university to teach students about the mass media techniques
In addition, university will need to make particular policy to show students ethical and
legal use of technological resources, comply with current postgraduate policy; respecting
protecting copyrights, and technology related hazards and dangers. Therefore, its
implication should be assessed in personal and global community and to avoid its
necessary step. Skill of communication is an art of delivering message to others about our
to speak convey the ideas in the mind and are important verbal tools in speech.
It is the prime goal of communicator to focus attention on the listener to enhance the
perception of the message. Perception of the message largely depends on the way it is
communicated and delivered. Presenting our speech is an important task and might
involve use of rhetorical tools. According to Rafe (1990), presentation involves a listeners
who may or may not accept the idea, changing existing opinions, or elaborating current
Forcing others to believe into our own ideas is also called persuasive speech. Conveying
a message in a way to alter beliefs of others, their attitudes and intentions by enforcing
them your own ideas being right is involved in persuasion (Ilardo, 1981).
through which audience has to pass. These five stages are “awareness of the problem,
the effects of the proposed solution, and understanding how they, the audience, must act.”
Therefore, for speaking effectively one needs to know the topic or subject well. Speaking
effectively involves to make a thesis statement just in the beginning of the speech to let
audience know that we know our subject well. Thesis statement is a simple statement
made in the beginning to clearly state that what we are going to achieve with our
presentation (Cooper, 1991). We need to clarify our purpose, goals, get focus on our talk,
limiting to few main points and then developing and elaborating those points using
rhetorical advantages. One pattern is to develop a central talk with a central idea. Radiant
or associative pattern of ideas are developed from original central point (Buzan, 1996).
Improving communication skills either by seeking advice from experts or taking short
courses that enhance communication skills. There are large number of courses and
University should improve their programs to extent that students should enjoy improving
speaking ability and writing skills and should have strong assistance to let them gain
or internships will polish their written and verbal skills and will also be a valuable
Employing videotaping and recording voice using microphone on computer will enable
by taking short courses that focuses on writing and speaking capabilities are important.
relation, public speaking or any other courses. Students should have a feedback to learn
from their impression and improve. In this case, we again need to be extremely proactive.
students and enable to succeed in marketing and competing university’s rivals. There
should be large number of resources like Internet research, software productivity, oral and
written communication, nonverbal communication, workshops, mentoring opportunities,
supervision all other creative resources should be at hand of students to make most of it.
techniques is also very reliable and accurate method. All visual aids should be working
Making available board work either chalk board or whiteboard for demonstrating when
one is presenting his or her work. Availability of flip charts which is considered essential
in business settings but very attractive alternative to board work and can be used in
advance and in an inexpensive way. They are more helpful because they can be reused
again and again in different presentations. Overheads are another frequent audiovisual aid
employed in organizations and universities. They are very effective, cheap and reusable.
Overheads can be used repeatedly in cardboard frames and save time. There should also
be availability of projectors for presenting slides. However, these are very expensive
financially and their use should be limited only most important business settings where
informational services should be improved by using new graphics in the labs. Availability
and use of microphone should be made common. Microphones are important aiding tools
As depicted in from the Labour Market Information Database changing skills in the
students reflects their qualification level (summarised in Appendix B). Campbell (2001)
believed that credentials are valued widely put weigh to the student’s skill level.
Therefore, whatever they will learn and earn from the university will be reflected in their
future. Whoever going to employ them will first measure their potential skills. Students
also seek admission in various advance levels of postgraduate programs only to get
valuable results in terms of their future earnings. Keeping in mind these objectives,
university need to make changes accordingly to recruit more students in its postgraduate
program.
Appendices
Appendix A
Mode 1 Mode 2
Context Research is undertaken in terms Research is use-driven but
intended outcomes.
Discipline Knowledge development is Knowledge is transdisciplinary,
emerging circumstances.
Differentiating Mode 1 and Mode 2 knowledge production (after Cohen, McAuley &
Appendix B
http://skillsbase.dfee.gov.uk/
References
1. Arieti, S (1976) Creativity: The Magical Synthesis. New York: Basic Books.
3. Bower, J.L. and Christensen, C.M. 1995. “Disruptive Technologies: Catching the
4. Buzan, Tony with Barry Buzan. The Mind-Map, Book: How to Use Radient
Group, 1996.
5. Campbell, M. (2001) Skills in England 2001: The Key Messages. Skills and
7. Cooper, Pamela J. Speech Communication for the Classroom Teacher, 4th ed.,
8. Deming, W.E. 1993. The New Economics. Cambridge, MA: MIT Center for
9. Fisher, A.B. 1995. “Creating Stockholder Wealth,” Fortune, 132, (December 11):
105-116.
10. Flacks, Niki and Robert W. Rasberry. Power Talk: How to Use Theater
Techniques to Win Your Audience, New York: The Free Press, 1982.
12. Higgins, J.M. 1995. Innovate or Evaporate. Winter Park, FL: New Management
Publishing Company.
13. Ilardo, Joseph A., Speaking Persuasively, New York: Macmillan Publishing Co.,
Inc., 1981.
14. Isaksen, SG and Trefflinger, DJ (1985) Creative Problem Solving: The Basic
15. Koberg, D and Bagnall, J (1981) The All New Universal Traveler: A Soft-Systems
16. Parnes, SJ (1992) Sourcebook for Creative Problem Solving. Buffalo, NY:
17. Parry, S. and M. Hayden. 1993. "Supervising Higher Degree Research Students."
18. Plsek, P.E. 1997. Creativity, Innovation, and Quality. Milwaukee, WI: ASQC
Quality Press.
19. Rafe, Stephen C., How to Be Prepared to Think on Your Feet, New York: Harper
Business, 1990.
20. Senge, P.M. 1990. The Fifth Discipline: The Art and Practice of the Learning
21. Stacey, R.D. 1996. Complexity and Creativity in Organizations. San Francisco,
CA: Berrett-Koehler.
Univ. Press.
23. Utterbeck, J.M. 1994. Mastering the Dynamics of Innovation. Boston: Harvard
24. Vinacke, WE (1953) The Psychology of Thinking. New York: McGraw Hill.
25. von Hipple, E. 1988. The Sources of Innovation. New York: Oxford University
Press.
26. Wallas, G (1926) The Art of Thought. New York: Harcourt Brace.