Maximum Dn Surge for Instanteneous Load Acceptance Case

Preliminary Data : El

Maximum Water Levl in the reservoir

Design Dischrage

83.500 m3/sec

Eq. Diameter of Tunnel

10.730 m

C/S area of Tunnel

90.425 m2

At
V

500.000 m

Velocity in the Tunnel

0.923 m/sec

Length of Tunnel

Ho

Net Head

hf

Total Head Losses in the Tunnel

15303.0 m
20.00 m
13.373

V = Loss in Tunnel

L
B

Ath

A
t
2

Ho

V
2

*V2=

13.373

15.683

2
1

L * At * V^2
V2 * H * 2g

224.85 m2

Using the factor of safety

2.0 m

Area of Surge Tank required

Ath

449.71 m2

Area of Surge Tank Provided

A
t

A
s

7000.00 m2
*

Zmax =Vo*sqrt(L*At/g*As)
Po
a)

Zmax + Po / 8,

for Po < 0.8

4.55

Down Surge as per E. Braun. Ref. Eq. 55/85, Page 184

Z Dn

c)

3.226

Down Surge as per Calame & Gaden :- Ref. Eq. 56a/85, Page 184
Z Dn

b)

hf / Zmax

4.15 m

Po / 2 + SQRT [ ( Po/2 )^2 - 0.8*Po*Zmax + Zmax^2 ]

7.13

Down Surge as per Ph. Forchheimer. Eq. 53/85, Page 183

Z Dn

0.178*Po + SQRT [ ( 0.178*Po)^2 + Zmax^2 ]

4.76

Say

e)

Surge As per WHAMO : Maximum Dn Surge =

8.22

Maximum Up Surge for Instanteneous Load Rejection Case

Preliminary Data : El

Maximum Water Levl in the reservoir

500.000 m

Design Dischrage

267.500 m3/sec

Eq. Diameter of Tunnel

10.730 m

C/S area of Tunnel

90.425 m2

At
V

Velocity in the Tunnel

2.958 m/sec

Length of Tunnel

Ho

Net Head

hf

Total Head Losses in the Tunnel

15303.0 m
20.00 m
13.373

V2 = Losses in Tunnel

L
B

Ath =

A
t
2
1

Ho

V
2

such that, *V2=

13.373

Therefore, =

1.528

2
1

L * At * V^2
V2 * H * 2g

2307.69 m2

Using the factor of safety

a)

2.0 m

Area of Surge Tank required

4615.37 m2

Area of Surge Tank provided

7000.00 m2

As per IS 7396 ( Part I ) - 1985

The Maximum surge level for the case of complete load rejection may be
determined from the following formula as per Cl.5.5.2 of IS 7396 (Part-I)
1985
(L/2g b * b Vo * Vo ) Zm/b Vo*Vo [ L/2g b * b Vo*Vo ] [e
2g/L (Zm + Vo * Vo) ] = 0

Zm
f

Maximum surge level above Maximum water level

Area of Surge Tank / Area of Tunnel

77.41

Let Zm

6.2

(L/2g** ()^2* Vo^2 )

0.49

Zm / ()*Vo^2)

-0.46

(L/2g** ()^2* Vo^2 ) * [e

-2g/L (Zm + Vo^2)

-0.03

LHS

0.00

RHS

0.00

Thefore Maximum Up Surge =

6.20 m

ok

A
t

b)

A
s

Surge as per Charles Jaeger's Equation:Q

Discharge

At

Area of C/S of Tunnel

90.43 m2

Velocity

2.958 m/sec

Length of Tunnel

15303 m

As

Area of Surge Pool

7000.0 m2

Z up

267.50 cumecs

= Zmax(1-2/3Po+1/9 Po^2)

Vo

2.96 m/sec

15303 m

At

90.43 m2

As
hf1

7000.00 m2
Head Losses in the Tunnel

Zmax =Vo*sqrt(L*At/g*As)
Po

13.28 m

hf / Zmax

1.007
Thefore Maximum Up Surge =

c)

Surge as per Finite difference Method :-

d)

Surge as per R - Von Mises Curve ( Graphical solution ) :m

13.373 m

Damping Factor = 2 * g *As *

5.86 m
4.71 m

0.15

L * At
Ao =

hf * m

2.03

Using Fig. 6/85 vide Page. 197

mY1

Coresponding 1st Up Surge

(Y1 ) Maximum Up Surge =

0.93
6.13 m

e)

Surge As per WHAMO : Maximum Up Surge =

4.87 m

Maximum Up Surge for Instanteneous Clousre by Finite Difference Method

Q
Dischrage
267.50 m3/sec
L
Length of Trunnel
15303.00
m
At
Area of Tunnel
90.43
m2
Vo
Intial Velocity
2.96 m/sec
Ast
Area of Surge Tank
7000.00
m2
2
*V
13.37 ( Head Losses )
=
1.53
y =
Q1 t - At * Vi * t
( Ref :- Eq 67/85, Page 189, E.Mosonyi )
F
F
For Instantaneous Total Closure Q1 = 0, the above equatiom reduces to
y =
At * Vi * t
F
v =

t ( sec)
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
120
140
160
180
200
220
240
240.2

g *( yi+1 + *V^2 ) * t
l
Vi ( m/sec)
2.958
2.958
2.956
2.951
2.944
2.935
2.924
2.912
2.897
2.881
2.864
2.845
2.800
2.751
2.698
2.642
2.582
2.521
2.457

y (m)
0.000
-0.382
-0.382
-0.381
-0.380
-0.379
-0.378
-0.376
-0.374
-0.372
-0.370
-0.735
-0.723
-0.711
-0.697
-0.682
-0.667
-0.651
-0.006

yi (m)
13.373
13.373
12.991
12.609
12.228
11.848
11.468
11.091
10.714
10.340
9.968
9.598
8.863
8.140
7.429
6.732
6.049
5.382
4.731

yi+1 (m)
13.373
12.991
12.609
12.228
11.848
11.468
11.091
10.714
10.340
9.968
9.598
8.863
8.140
7.429
6.732
6.049
5.382
4.731
4.725

*Vi2
13.373
13.373
13.351
13.308
13.246
13.165
13.068
12.955
12.827
12.686
12.533
12.369
11.981
11.564
11.122
10.663
10.191
9.710
9.224

yi+1 - *V^2 (m) v (m/sec)

0.000
0.000
-0.382
-0.002
-0.742
-0.005
-1.080
-0.007
-1.398
-0.009
-1.697
-0.011
-1.977
-0.013
-2.240
-0.014
-2.487
-0.016
-2.718
-0.017
-2.935
-0.019
-3.506
-0.045
-3.842
-0.049
-4.135
-0.053
-4.390
-0.056
-4.614
-0.059
-4.809
-0.062
-4.979
-0.064
-4.500
-0.001

Thefore Maximum Up Surge = 4.713

Wave Velocity for Concrete Linned Tunnel

D

Diameter Tunnel / Tank

2.50

Thickness of Linning / wall

0.30

fck

Grade of Concrete

25.0

N/mm2

Ec

Modulus of Elacticity Concrete

2.50.E+10

N/m2

Modulus of Rigidy of Concrete

2.00.E+10

N/m2

Bulk Modulus of Water

2.19E+09

N/m2

Density of Water

999

kg/m3

= D*E / ( G*D + Es*e )

1.09

a = [ k / ( ( 1 + ( k/E) * ) ]

1415

m/sec

4640.5

ft/sec

4626.7

ft/sec

Wave Velocity for Steel Linned Tunnel

D

Diameter Tunnel

5.55

Thickness of Linning / wall

0.022

Es

Modulus of Elacticity Steel

2.07.E+11

N/m2

Modulus of Rigidy of Concrete

2.07.E+10

N/m2

Bulk Modulus of Water

2.19E+09

N/m2

Density of Water

999

kg/m3

= D*E / ( G*D + Es*e )

9.62

a = [ k / ( ( 1 + ( k/E) * ) ]

1411

m/sec