Clculo de Engranajes

En la figura se tiene una rueda o pin z1 que engrana con una cremallera z2, siendo esta ltima una rueda dentada de radio infinito, por lo tanto el nmero de dientes que tendr es infinito, por lo que se utiliza una porcin de la misma, de acuerdo al recorrido o desplazamiento que se quiera obtener. Los ejes sobre los cuales estn montados ambos son paralelos. Para una velocidad angular n1 le corresponder para la cremallera una velocidad v de desplazamiento.

ntroduction A worm gear is used when a large speed reduction ratio is required between crossed axis shafts which do not intersect. A basic helical gear can be used but the power which can be transmitted is low. A worm drive consists of a large diameter worm wheel with a worm screw meshing with teeth on the periphery of the worm wheel. The worm is similar to a screw and the worm wheel is similar to a section of a nut. As the worm is rotated the wormwheel is caused to rotate due to the screw like action of the worm. The size of the worm gearset is generally based on the centre distance between the worm and the wormwheel. If the worm gears are machined basically as crossed helical gears the result is a highly stress point contact gear. However normally the wormwheel is cut with a concave as opposed to a straight width. This is called a single envelope worm gearset. If the worm is machined with a concave profile to effectively wrap around the wormwheel the gearset is called a double enveloping worm gearset and has the highest power capacity for the size. Single enveloping gearsets require accurate alignment of the worm-wheel to ensure full line tooth contact. Double enveloping gearsets require accurate alignment of both the worm and the wormwheel to obtain maximum face contact.

The worm is shown with the worm above the wormwheel. The gearset can also be arranged with the worm below the wormwheel. Other alignments are used less frequently.

Nomenclature As can be seen in the above view a section through the axis of the worm and the centre of the gear shows that , at this plane, the meshing teeth and thread section is similar to a spur gear and has the same features

n = Normal pressure angle = 20o as standard = Worm lead angle = (180 / ) tan-1 (z 1 / q)(deg)
o

..Note: for

n= 20o should be less

than 25 b a = Effective face width of worm wheel. About 2.m (q +1) (mm) b l = Length of worm wheel. About 14.m. (mm) c = clearance c min = 0,2.m cos , c max = 0,25.m cos (mm) d 1 = Ref dia of worm (Pitch dia of worm (m)) = q.m (mm) d a.1 = Tip diameter of worm = d 1 + 2.h a.1 (mm) d 2 = Ref dia of worm wheel (Pitch dia of wormwheel) =( p x.z/ ) = 2.a - d 1 (mm) d a.2 = Tip dia worm wheel (mm) h a.1 = Worm Thread addendum = m (mm) h f.1 = Worm Thread dedendum , min = m.(2,2 cos - 1 ) , max = m.(2,25 cos - 1 )(mm) m = Axial module = p x / (mm) m n = Normal module = m cos (mm) M 1 = Worm torque (Nm) M 2 = Worm wheel torque (Nm) n 1 = Rotational speed of worm (revs /min) n 2 = Rotational speed of wormwheel (revs /min) p x = Axial pitch of of worm threads and circular pitch of wheel teeth ..the pitch between adjacent threads = . m. (mm) p n = Normal pitch of of worm threads and gear teeth (m) q = diameter factor selected from (6 6,5 7 7,5 8 8,5 9 10 11 12 13 14 17 20 ) p z = Lead of worm = p x. z 1 (mm).. Distance the thread advances in one rev'n of the worm. For a 2-start worm the lead = 2 . p x R g = Reduction Ratio q = Worm diameter factor = d 1 / m - (Allows module to be applied to worm ) = coefficient of friction = Efficiency Vs = Worm-gear sliding velocity ( m/s) z 1 = Number of threads (starts) on worm z 2 = Number of teeth on wormwheel

Worm gear design parameters Worm gears provide a normal single reduction range of 5:1 to 75-1. The pitch line velocity is ideally up to 30 m/s. The efficiency of a worm gear ranges from 98% for the lowest ratios to 20% for the highest ratios. As the frictional heat generation is generally high the worm box is designed disperse heat to the surroundings and lubrication is and essential requirement. Worm gears are quiet in operation. Worm gears at the higher ratios are inherently self locking - the worm can drive the gear but the gear cannot drive the worm. A worm gear can provide a 50:1 speed reduction but not a 1:50 speed increase....(In practice a worm should not be used a braking device for safety linked systems e.g hoists. . Some material and operating conditions can result in a wormgear backsliding ) The worm gear action is a sliding action which results in significant frictional losses. The ideal combination of gear materials is for a case hardened alloy steel worm (ground finished) with a phosphor bronze gear. Other combinations are used for gears with comparatively light loads.

Specifications BS721 Pt2 1983 Specification for worm gearing Metric units. This standard is current (2004) and provides information on tooth form, dimensions of gearing, tolerances for four classes of gears according to function and accuracy, calculation of load capacity and information to be given on drawings.

Worm Gear Designation

Very simply a pair of worm gears can be defined by designation of the number of threads in the worm ,the number of teeth on the wormwheel, the diameter factor and the axial module i.e z1,z2, q, m . This information together with the centre distance ( a ) is enough to enable calculation of and any dimension of a worm gear using the formulea available.

Worm teeth Profile The sketch below shows the normal (not axial) worm tooth profile as indicated in BS 7212 for unit axial module (m = 1mm) other module teeth are in proportion e.g. 2mm module teeth are 2 times larger Typical axial modules values (m) used for worm gears are 0,5 0,6 0,8 1,0 1,25 1,6 2,0 2,5 20,0 25,0 3,15 32,0 4,0 40,0 5,0 50,0 6,3 8,0 10,0 12,5 16,0

Materials used for gears

Material

Notes Worm

applications

Acetal / Nylon Cast Iron Carbon Steel

Low Cost, low duty Excellent machinability, medium friction. Low cost, reasonable strength

Toys, domestic appliances, instruments Used infrequently in modern machinery Power gears with medium rating. Power gears with high rating for extended life

Hardened Steel High strength, good durability Wormwheel

Acetal /Nylon Phos Bronze Cast Iron

Low Cost, low duty

Toys, domestic appliances, instruments

Reasonable strength, low friction and Normal material for worm gears with good compatibility with steel reasonable efficiency Excellent machinability, medium friction. Used infrequently in modern machinery

Design of a Worm Gear The following notes relate to the principles in BS 721-2 Method associated with AGMA are shown below.. Initial sizing of worm gear.. (Mechanical) 1) Initial information generally Torque required (Nm), Input speed(rpm), Output speed (rpm). 2) Select Materials for worm and wormwheel. 3) Calculate Ratio (R g) 4) Estimate a = Center distance (mm) 5) Set z 1 = Nearest number to (7 + 2,4 SQRT (a) ) /R g 6) Set z 2 = Next number < R g . z 1 7) Using the value of estimated centre distance (a) and No of gear teeth ( z 2 )obtain a value for q from the table below 8) d 1 = q.m (select) .. 9) d 2 = 2.a - d 1 10) Select a wormwheel face width b a (minimum =2*m*SQRT(q+1)) 11) Calculate the permissible output torques for strength (M b_1 and wear M c_1 ) 12) Apply the relevent duty factors to the allowable torque and the actual torque 13) Compare the actual values to the permissible values and repeat process if necessary 14) Determine the friction coefficient and calculate the efficiency. 15) Calculate the Power out and the power in and the input torque 6) Complete design of gearbox including design of shafts, lubrication, and casing ensuring sufficient heat transfer area to remove waste heat.

Initial sizing of worm gear.. (Thermal) Worm gears are often limited not by the strength of the teeth but by the heat generated by the low efficiency. It is necessary therefore to determine the heat generated by the gears = (Input power - Output power). The worm gearbox must have lubricant to remove the heat from the teeth in contact and sufficient area on the external surfaces to distibute the generated heat to the local environment. This requires completing an approximate heat transfer calculation. If the heat lost to the environment is insufficient then the gears should be adjusted (more starts, larger gears) or the box geometry should be adjusted, or the worm shaft could include a fan to induced forced air flow heat loss.

Formulae

The reduction ratio of a worm gear ( R

)
1

Rg=z2/z

eg a 30 tooth wheel meshing with a 2 start worm has a reduction of 15 Tangential force on worm ( F
wt

)= axial force on wormwheel

ga

wt

=F

= 2.M 1 / d

Axial force on worm ( F

wa

) = Tangential force on gear

wa

=F

gt

= F wt.[ (cos n - tan ) / (cos n . tan + ) ]

Output torque ( M diameter /2

) = Tangential force on wormwheel * Wormwheel reference

M 2 = F gt* d 2 / 2
Relationship between the Worm Tangential Force F
wt

and the Gear Tangential force F

gt

wt

= F gt.[ (cos n . tan + ) / (cos n - tan ) ]

1

Relationship between the output torque M 2and the input torque M

M 2 = ( M 1. d 2 / d 1 ).[ (cos n - tan ) / (cos n . tan + ) ]

Separating Force on worm-gearwheel ( F s )

F s = F wt.[ (sin n ) / (cos n . sin + .cos ) ]

Efficiency of Worm Gear ( ) The efficiency of the worm gear is determined by dividing the output Torque M2 with friction = by the output torque with zero losses i.e = 0 First cancelling [( M 1. d 2 / d 1 ) / M 1. d 2 / d 1 ) ] = 1 Denominator = [(cos n / (cos n . tan ] = cot

= [(cos n - tan ) / (cos n . tan + ) ] / cot = [(cos n - .tan ) / (cos n + .cot )]

Sliding velocity ( V s )...(m/s)

V s (m/s ) = 0,00005236. d 1. n 1 sec = 0,00005235.m.n (z 12 + q 2 ) 1/2

Peripheral velocity of wormwheel ( V p) (m/s)

V p = 0,00005236,d 2. n

Friction Coefficient Cast Iron and Phosphor Bronze .. Table x 1,15 Cast Iron and Cast Iron.. Table x 1,33 Quenched Steel and Aluminum Alloy..Table x 1,33 Steel and Steel..Table x 2 Friction coefficients - For Case Hardened Steel Worm / Phos Bros Wheel Sliding Speed m/s 0 0,001 0,01 0,05 0,1 0,2 0,5 1 Friction Coefficient 0,145 0,12 0,11 0,09 0,08 0,07 0,055 0,044 Sliding Speed m/s 1,5 2 5 8 10 15 20 30 Friction Coefficient 0,038 0,033 0,023 0,02 0,018 0,017 0,016 0,016

Worm Design /Gear Wear / Strength Equations to BS721

Note: For designing worm gears to AGMA codes AGMA method of Designing Worm Gears The information below relates to BS721 Pt2 1983 Specification for worm gearing Metric units. BS721 provides average design values reflecting the experience of specialist gear manufacturers. The methods have been refined by addition of various application and duty factors as used. Generally wear is the critical factor.. Permissible Load for Strength The permissible torque (M in Nm) on the gear teeth is obtained by use of the equation M b = 0,0018 X
b.2

bm.2

. m. l

f.2

. d 2.

( example 87,1 Nm = 0,0018 x 0,48 x 63 x 20 x 80 ) X

b.2

= speed factor for bending (Worm wheel ).. See Below

bm.2 = Bending stress factor for Worm wheel.. See Table below
l f.2 = length of root of Worm Wheel tooth d 2 = Reference diameter of worm wheel m = axial module = Lead angle

Permissible Torque for Wear The permissible torque (M in Nm) on the gear teeth is obtained by use of the equation M c = 0,00191 X
c.2

cm.2.Z. d 21,8. m

( example 33,42 Nm = 0,00191 x 0,3234 x 6,7 x 1,5157 x 80 1,8 x 2 ) X

c.2

= Speed factor for wear ( Worm wheel )

cm.2 = Surface stress factor for Worm wheel

Z = Zone factor. Length of root of worm wheel tooth Radius of the root = R r= d 1 /2 + h R r= d 1 /2 + m(1 +0,25 cos)
ha,1

(= m) + c(= 0,25.m.cos )

l f.2 = 2.R r.sin-1 (2.R r / b a) Note: angle from sin-1(function) is in radians... Speed Factor for Bending This is a metric conversion from an imperial formula.. X b.2 = speed factor for bending = 0,521(V) -0,2 V= Pitch circle velocity =0,00005236*d 2.n
2

(m/s)

The table below is derived from a graph in BS 721. I cannot see how this works as a small worm has a smaller diameter compared to a large worm and a lower speed which is not reflected in using the RPM. Table of speed factors for bending RPM (n2) X
b.2

RPM (n2)

b.2

1 10 20 60 100 200 400 Additional factors

0,62 0,56 0,52 0,44 0,42 0,37 0,33

600 1000 2000 4000 6000 8000 10000

0,3 0,27 0,23 0,18 0,16 0,14 0,13

The formula for the acceptable torque for wear should be modified to allow additional factors which affect the Allowable torque M c M
c2

= M c. Z L. Z M.Z

/K

The torque on the wormwheel as calculated using the duty requirements (M e) must be less than the acceptable torque M c2 for a duty of 27000 hours with uniform loading. For loading other than this then M e should be modified as follows M
e2

= M e. K S* K

Thus uniform load < 27000 hours (10 years) M Other conditions M e2 M c2 Factors used in equations

M c2

Lubrication (Z L).. Z L = 1 if correct oil with anti-scoring additive else a lower value should be selected Lubricant (Z M).. Z L = 1 for Oil bath lubrication at V s < 10 m /s Z L = 0,815 Oil bath lubrication at 10 m/s < V s < 14 m /s Z L = 1 Forced circulation lubrication Surface roughness (Z R ) .. Z R = 1 if Worm Surface Texture < 3 m and Wormwheel < 12 else use less than 1

Tooth contact factor (K C This relates to the quality and rigidity of gears . Use 1 for first estimate K C = 1 For grade A gears with > 40% height and > 50% width contact = 1,3 - 1,4 For grade A gears with > 30% height and > 35% width contact = 1,5-1,7 For grade A gears with > 20% height and > 20% width contact Starting factor (K S) .. K S =1 for < 2 Starts per hour =1,07 for 2- 5 Starts per hour =1,13 for 5-10 Starts per hour =1,18 more than 10 Starts per hour Time / Duty factor (K H) .. K H for 27000 hours life (10 years) with uniform driver and driven loads For other conditions see table below Tables for use with BS 721 equations

Speed Factors X c.2 = K V .K R Note: This table is not based on the graph in BS 721-2 (figure 7) it is based on another more easy to follow graph. At low values of sliding velocity and RPM it agrees closely with BS 721. At higher speed velocities it gives a lower value (e.g at 20m/s -600 RPM the value from this table for X c.2 is about 80% of the value in BS 721-2 Table of Worm Gear Speed Factors

Note -sliding speed = Vs and Rotating speed = n2 (Wormwheel) Sliding speed m/s 0 0,1 0,2 0,5 1 2 5 10 20 30 1 0,75 0,68 0,6 0,55 0,5 0,42 0,34 0,24 0,16 Rotating Speed rpm 0,5 1 2 10 20 50 100 200 500 600 0,98 0,96 0,92 0,8 0,73 0,63 0,55 0,46 0,35 0,33

Stress Factors Table of Worm Gear Stress Factors Other metal (Worm) Metal (Wormwheel) Bending (bm ) MPa 8,3 6,2 4,6 6,2 10,7 15,2 48,3 4,1 6,9 8,3 30,3 15,2 P.B. C.I. 0,4% C.Steel Wear ( 0,55% C.Steel C.Steel Case. H'd

cm )

MPa 8,3 6,2 4,6 4,1 9,0 6,9 5,3 4,1 15,2 12,4 10,3 5,2

Phosphor Bronze 69 Centrifugal cast Phosphor Bronze 63 Sand Cast Chilled Phosphor Bronze 49 Sand Cast Grey Cast Iron 0,4% Carbon steel 0,55% Carbon steel 40 138 173

Carbon Steel 276 (Case hardened)

Zone Factor (Z) If b a < 2,3 (q +1)1/2 Then Z = (Basic Zone factor ) . b a /2 (q +1)1/2 If b a > 2,3 (q +1)1/2 Then Z = (Basic Zone factor ) .1,15

Table of Basic Zone Factors q z1 6 6,5 7 7,5 8 8,5 9 9,5 10 11 12 13 14 17 20 1 1,045 1,048 1,052 1,065 1,084 1,107 1,128 1,137 1,143 1,16 1,202 1,26 1,318 1,402 1,508 2 0,991 1,028 1,055 1,099 1,144 1,183 1,214 1,223 1,231 1,25 1,28 1,32 1,36 1,447 1,575 3 0,822 0,89 0,989 1,109 1,209 1,26 1,305 1,333 1,35 1,365 1,393 1,422 1,442 1,532 1,674 4 0,826 0,83 0,981 1,098 1,204 1,701 1,38 1,428 1,46 1,49 1,515 1,545 1,57 1,666 1,798 5 0,947 0,991 1,05 1,122 1,216 1,315 1,417 1,49 1,55 1,61 1,632* 1,652 1,675 1,765 1,886 6 1,131 1,145 1,172 1,22 1,287 1,35 1,438 1,521 1,588 1,625 1,694 1,714 1,733 1,818 1,928 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 1,316 1,34 1,37 1,405 1,452 1,54 1,614 1,704 1,725 1,74 1,76 1,846 1,98 1,437 1,462 1,5 1,557 1,623 1,715 1,738 1,753 1,778 1,868 1,96 1,68 1,728 1,748 1,773 1,798 1,888 1,98 1,732 1,753 1,777 1,802 1,892 1,987 1,76 1,78 1,806 1,895 1,992 1,784 1,806 1,898 1,998 1,811 1,9 2 1573 1,604 1,648 1,72 1,743 1,767 1,79 1,88 1,97

Duty Factor Duty - time Factor K

H

K Impact from Prime mover Expected life hours Uniform Load 1500 Uniform Load 5000 Motor Turbine Hydraulic motor 27000 60000 1500 Light impact 5000 multi-cylinder 27000 engine 60000 1500 Medium Impact 5000 Single cylinder 27000 engine 60000 0,8 0,9 1 1,25 0,9 1 1,25 1,5 1 1,25 1,5 1,75

Impact From Load Medium Impact 0,9 1 1,25 1,5 1 1,25 1,5 1,75 1,25 1,5 1,75 2 1 1,25 1,5 1,75 1,25 1,5 1,75 2 1,5 1,75 2 2,25 Strong impact

Worm q value selection The table below allows selection of q value which provides a reasonably efficient worm design. The recommended centre distance value "a" (mm)is listed for each q value against a range of z 2 (teeth number values). The table has been produced by reference to the relevant plot in BS 721 Example If the number of teeth on the gear is selected as 45 and the centre distance is 300 mm then a q value for the worm would be about 7.5 Important note: This table provides reasonable values for all worm speeds. However at worm speeds below 300 rpm a separate plot is provided in BS721 which produces more accurate q values. At these lower speeds the resulting q values are approximately 1.5 higher than the values from this table. The above example at less than 300rpm should be increased to about 9 Table for optimum q value selection Number of Teeth On Worm Gear (z 2) q 6 7 8 8.5 9 9.5 10 11 12 13 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 65 70 75 80 150 250 380 520 700 70 25 110 170 250 350 470 620 700 80 50 28 120 180 240 330 420 550 670 80 90 40 25 120 180 230 300 380 470 570 700 130 130 180 220 280 350 420 500 600 700 70 50 26 25 100 130 170 220 280 330 400 450 520 70 55 28 100 120 150 200 230 300 350 400 80 55 28 100 130 160 200 230 270 320 75 45 100 130 150 180 220 250 52 27 80 45 100 130 150 100 52 75 90 105

6.5 100 150 250 350 480 660 7.5 50

AGMA method of Designing Worm Gears The AGMA method is provided here because it is relatively easy to use and convenientAGMA is all imperial and so I have used conversion values so all calculations can be completed in metric units.. Good proportions indicate that for a centre to centre distance = C the mean worm dia d is within the range Imperial (inches) (C Metric ( mm) (C
0,875 0,875

/3)

(C

0,875

/ 1,6 )

/2)

(C

0,875

/ 1,07 )

The acceptable tangential load (W t)

all

(W t)

all

= C s. d

0,8

.b a .C

.C v . (0,0132) (N)

The formula will result in a life of over 25000 hours with a case hardened alloy steel worm and a phosphor bronze wheel C s = Materials factor b a = Effective face width of gearwheel = actual face width. but not to exceed 0,67 . d C m = Ratio factor C v = Velocity factor

Modified Lewis equation for stress induced in worm gear teeth .

a = W t / ( p n. b a. y )(N)
W t = Worm gear tangential Force (N) y = 0,125 for a normal pressure angle

n = 20o

The friction force = W

W f = f.W t / (. cos = worm lead angle at mean diameter n = normal pressure angle

n ) (N)

The sliding velocity = V

Vs=

.n 1. d 1 / (60,000 )

d 1 = mean dia of worm (mm) n 1 = rotational speed of worm (revs/min)

The torque generated

at the worm gear = M b (Nm)

T
G

= W t .d

/ 2000

The required friction heat loss from the worm gearbox H

loss

=P

in

(1-

= gear efficiency as above.

values

C s = 270 + 0,0063(C )3... for C ....Else C s (Sand cast gears ) = 1000 for d
1

76mm

64 mm ...else... 1860 - 477 log (d 1 )

1

C s (Chilled cast gears ) = 1000 for d

200 mm ...else ... 2052 -456 log (d 1 )

1

C s (Centrifugally cast gears ) = 1000 for d

635 mm ...else ... 1503 - 180 log (d 1 )

values

NG = Number of teeth on worm gear. NW = Number of stards on worm gear. mG = gear ration = NG /NW

values C v (V s > 3,56 m/s ) = 0,659 exp (-0,2167 V s ) C v (3,56 m/s

V s < 15,24 m/s ) = 0,652 (V s) -0,571 )

-0,774

C v (V s > 15,24 m/s ) = 1,098.( V s )

f values f (V s = 0) = 0,15 f (0 < V

s

0,06 m/s ) = 0,124 exp (-2,234 ( V s ) 0,645

0,450

f (V s > 0,06 m/s ) = 0,103 exp (-1,1855 ( V s ) ) +0,012

Worm gears are widely used in industrial settings and in automobile gear boxes. This worm gear design tutorial will discuss the basics of the worm gear box design calculation using the AGMA empirical formula.

Conjunto Engranaje helicoidal y Gusano sinfn

D1 Dimetro primitivo o de paso del sinfn D2 Dimetro primitivo o de paso del engranaje C Distancia de centro a centro entre el sinfn y el engranaje El presente estudio permite seleccionar el mdulo y el paso, as como el clculo del nmero de dientes y la distancia de centro a centro entre el engranaje y el sinfn. Se usar formulas de AGMA Pasos del clculo del diseo:

El paso axial del sinfn y el paso circular del engranaje deben ser iguales para un par o conjunto sinfn y engranaje. Usaremos el termino Paso para ambos. As mismo, el mdulo del gusano, como el mdulo del engranaje deben ser iguales para parear engranaje y sinfn. Supongamos que tenemos el siguiente diseo: Velocidad del gusano (N1) = 20 RPM Velocidad del engranaje (N2) = 4 RPM Debemos encontrar el Mdulo (m), Paso (P), Nmero de hlices del gusano (T1), Nmero de dientes del engranaje (T2), Dimetro primitivo del gusano (D1), Dimetro primitivo del engranaje (D2), Distancia de centro a centro (C). Buscamos un mdulo y su correspondiente paso de la siguiente tabla de AGMA

Mdulo m (en MM) - Paso P (en MM) 2 2.5 3.15 4 5 6.283 7.854 9.896 12.566 15.708

6.3 8 10 12.5 16 20

19.792 25.133 31.416 39.27 50.625 62.832 Sea que escojamos el primer par, es decir, Mdulo 2 y Paso 6.238. Usamos la siguiente ecuacin de diseo de engranajes:

N1/N2 = T2/T1 Relacionando las velocidades obtenemos: T2 = 5 * T1.Ecn.1

Ahora usamos la siguiente frmula emprica de AGMA:

T1 + T2 > 40Ecn.2

Usando ambas ecuaciones (Ecn.1 & Ecn.2), obtendremos los siguientes valores:

T1 = 7 y T2 = 35

Ahora calculamos el dimetro del crculo de paso del gusano ( D1) usando la siguiente frmula emprica de AGMA:

D1 = 2.4 P + 1.1 = 16.0712 mm

Ahora usamos la siguiente frmula emprica de AGMA, para determinar el dimetro circular primitivo del engranaje (D2):

D2 = T2*P/3.14 = 69.53185 mm

Seguidamente calcularemos la distancia de centro a centro ( C) usando la siguiente ecuacin:

C = (D1 + D2)/2 = 42.80152 mm

Para verificar si los clculos son correctos se usa la siguiente frmula emprica

(C^0.875)/2 <= D1 <= (C^0.875)/1.07 Observemos que el valor de D1 est dentro del rango requerido.

Este va acompaado por una rueda dentada, con la que forma un mecanismo que permite una gran reduccin de velocidades. El tornillo sinfn se puede considerar, por tanto, como una rueda dentada de un nmero de dientes igual al nmero de entradas. Tambin puede ser considerado como una rosca trapecial con un ngulo entre flancos de 40 y con un paso igual al paso de la rueda con la que va a engranar; es decir, que el paso es modular o mltiplo de , por consiguiente, sus dimensiones estarn expresadas en funcin del mdulo y del dimetro primitivo d p. Nomenclatura y definiciones. -- Los principales elementos de un tornillo sinfn son los siguientes: = ngulo de la hlice. Es el ngulo formado por la tagente al filete con un plano perpendicular al eje del tornillo Ph = paso de la hlice. Es la distancia entre dos hilos pertenecientes a un mismo filete, medida en el sentido axial. Este paso es el que le interesa al tornero para calcular las ruedas a poner en la lira.

Px = paso axial. Es la distancia entre dos hilos consecutivos, medida en el sentido axial. Pn = paso normal. Es la distancia entre dos hilos consecutivos, medida segn un plano normal al filete. A este paso le corresponde un mdulo m, que es el considerado a efectos de clculo. n = nmero de entradas. Es el nmero de filetes tallados. Frmulas relativas al tornillo sinfn.-- Tomando como datos: --el mdulo m -- el nmero de entradas n -- el dimetro primitivo dp (este valor que depende principalmente de la resistencia del sinfn, se hace igual a 15 x m, aproximadamente). El clculo de las dimensiones de un sinfn se hace de acuerdo con las siguientes formulas: * Altura de la cabeza-> h = m. * Altura del pie del hilo-> h=1,25 m. * Altura del hilo o profundidad de rosca: h = h + h = 2,25 m. * Dimetro exterior-> de = dp + 2m * Dimetro interior -> di = dp - 2,5 m VALORES EN EL PLANO NORMAL AL FILETE: * Paso normal-> Pn = .. m * Donde = 3.1416 * Espesor del hilo en el dimetro primitivo-> e = Pn / 2 = 1,57 m * Angulo entre flancos-> 2 = 40 * Angulo de la hlice-> sen = {Pn x n} / {dp x } = m x n / dp