Candidate

Centre Number Number

Candidate Name

UNIVERSITY OF CAMBRIDGE LOCAL EXAMINATIONS SYNDICATE

General Certificate of Education Ordinary Level
PHYSICS 5054/2
PAPER 2 Theory
Tuesday 8 JUNE 1999 Afternoon 1 hour 45 minutes

Candidates answer on the question paper.

Additional materials:
Answer paper
Electronic calculator and/or Mathematical tables
Graph paper
Ruler 300 mm

TIME 1 hour 45 minutes

INSTRUCTIONS TO CANDIDATES
Write your name, Centre number and candidate number in the spaces at the top of this page and on
any separate answer paper used.
Section A
Answer all questions.
Write your answers in the spaces provided on the question paper.
Section B
Answer any two questions.
Write your answers on the lined pages provided and, if necessary, continue on the separate answer
paper provided.
At the end of the examination,
1. fasten any separate answer paper used securely to the question paper,
2. enter the numbers of the Section B questions you have answered in the grid below.

INFORMATION FOR CANDIDATES

The number of marks is given in brackets [ ] at the end of each question
or part question. FOR EXAMINER’S USE
Candidates are reminded that all quantitative answers should include
appropriate units. Section A
Candidates are advised to show all their working in a clear and orderly
Section B
manner, as more marks are awarded for sound use of physics than for
correct answers.

TOTAL

This question paper consists of 15 printed pages and 5 lined pages.

MML LOC 926 5/98 QF92358
© UCLES 1999 [Turn over
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Section A

Answer all the questions in this section.

1 Fig. 1.1 shows the variation with time t of the speed of a stone that is thrown vertically
downwards. In this question, air resistance may be ignored.

speed 5
m/s
4

0
0 0.05 0.10 0.15 0.20 0.25 0.30 0.35
t /s

Fig. 1.1

The stone has mass 0.23 kg and leaves the thrower’s hand at t = 0. It hits the ground at
t = 0.325 s and rebounds with 50% of the speed with which it hit the ground.

(a) State the maximum speed of the stone.

maximum speed = ..................................... [1]

(b) Show, using data from Fig. 1.1, that the acceleration of free fall is 10 m/s2.

[2]

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(c) Determine the speed of the stone just after it rebounds.

speed = ..................................... [1]

(d) Calculate the loss of kinetic energy of the stone as it hits the ground and rebounds.

loss of kinetic energy = ...................................... [3]

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2 A person standing at point A in Fig. 2.1 sees the reflection in a shop window of a person
standing at point B.

B A
Y

shop window
wall wall

Fig. 2.1

(a) On Fig. 2.1, draw a ray of light to show how, by reflection, the person at A sees the
person at B. [1]

(b) On Fig. 2.1, mark, with a letter I, the position of the image of B formed by reflection in
the shop window. [2]

(c) (i) The person at A moves further away from B towards Y in the direction of the arrow
shown in Fig. 2.1. Mark with a letter X the furthest position along AY to which the
person can move so that the two people will still be able to see each other by
reflection in the shop window.
(ii) Explain how you decided on the position of X.

..................................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................
[2]

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3 The chart in Fig. 3.1 shows the main parts of the electromagnetic spectrum.

visible

gamma rays X-rays ultra-violet infra-red radio

10–12 m 10–9 m 10–6 m 10–3 m 1m 1000 m

wavelength

Fig. 3.1

(a) All of the different types of electromagnetic waves in the chart may be reflected.

State three other properties common to all electromagnetic waves.

1. ......................................................................................................................................

2. ......................................................................................................................................

3. ................................................................................................................................ [3]

(b) Microwaves travel at a speed of 3.0 x 108 m/s in a vacuum and have a frequency of
1.5 x 1010 Hz.
(i) Calculate the wavelength of these microwaves.

wavelength = .....................................................
(ii) On the chart in Fig. 3.1, mark a line to represent the position of these microwaves
in the electromagnetic spectrum.
[3]

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4 Fig. 4.1 shows three combinations of resistors, connected between points X and Y. All the
resistors have resistance 6.0
.

X X X

6.0
6.0

6.0
6.0
6.0
6.0

6.0
6.0

6.0

Y Y Y

combination A combination B combination C

Fig. 4.1

(a) Calculate the total resistance between the points X and Y of each combination.
(i) combination A

total resistance of combination A = ......................................................

(ii) combination B

total resistance of combination B = ......................................................

(iii) combination C

total resistance of combination C = ......................................................

[4]

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(b) Points X and Y in combination B are connected to a battery that provides a potential
difference of 1.35 V across XY, as shown in Fig. 4.2. Calculate the currents I1, I2 and I3
in each resistor of the combination.

X
I1
6.0

I2 I3
1.35 V
6.0
6.0

Fig. 4.2

I1 =................... I2 =................... I3 =................... [3]

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5 Two vertical metal plates are connected to a high voltage power supply, as shown in
Fig. 5.1. An electric field exists in the space between the plates.

plate plate

+ –

power supply

Fig. 5.1

(a) (i) State what is meant by the electric field between the plates.

..................................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................
(ii) On Fig. 5.1, draw lines of force to show the electric field between the two plates.
[3]

(b) An uncharged metal ball is hung by an insulating thread between the two plates, as
shown in Fig. 5.2.

+ –

power supply

Fig. 5.2
On Fig. 5.2,
(i) draw the distribution of charge that will be found on the metal ball,
(ii) draw lines of force to show the new electric field between the plates.
[2]
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6 Fig. 6.1 is a diagram of a d.c. motor.

pivot
coil

magnet B magnet
N S
pole C pole

carbon
carbon brush
current brush
split-ring
commutator

Fig. 6.1

(a) (i) State the direction of movement of side AB and of side CD when the current is in
the direction shown in Fig. 6.1.

side AB .............................................. side CD ...............................................

(ii) Explain the reason for your choices of direction.

..................................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................
[3]

(b) When the coil ABCD is vertical, the brushes line up with the gaps in the split-ring
commutator.

The coil rotates past the vertical position. Explain what happens
(i) to the current in the coil,

..................................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................
(ii) to the forces on the sides AB and CD of the coil.

..................................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................
[2]
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7 Explain, by writing about molecules,

(a) how the air inside a car tyre exerts a pressure on the walls of the tyre,

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..........................................................................................................................................

.................................................................................................................................... [2]

(b) why the pressure in the car tyre increases as the tyre becomes hotter,

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..........................................................................................................................................

..........................................................................................................................................

.................................................................................................................................... [2]

(c) why the pressure in the tyre increases as more air is pumped into the tyre.

..........................................................................................................................................

..........................................................................................................................................

..........................................................................................................................................

.................................................................................................................................... [1]

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8 Fig. 8.1 shows a car moving along a horizontal road.

air
resistance
forward
driving force
friction

Fig. 8.1

The car has mass 800 kg. At one point in its motion, when the combined forces of air
resistance and friction acting backwards are 400 N, its acceleration is 1.4 m/s2.

(a) Calculate the forward driving force required to accelerate the car.

forward driving force = ....................................... [3]

(b) With the engine working at constant full power, the car’s acceleration decreases as it
goes faster.

Explain why this is so.

..........................................................................................................................................

..........................................................................................................................................

..........................................................................................................................................

.................................................................................................................................... [2]

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Section B

Answer two questions from this section.

Use the lined pages provided and, if necessary, continue

on the separate sheets available from the Supervisor.

9 Fig. 9.1 shows the apparatus used by a student to measure the specific latent heat of
vaporisation of water. A heater is placed into a beaker of water which stands on top of electronic
weighing scales so that the mass of the beaker and water may be measured.

power
supply

insulation

beaker

heater water

electronic
weighing
scales

Fig. 9.1

In this question, you may assume that there is no heat lost to the atmosphere.

(a) Define what is meant by the specific latent heat of vaporisation of water. [3]

Question 9 is continued on page 13.

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(b) As soon as the water is boiling, the student notes down the reading on the scales and starts
a timer. Every 100 seconds the student notes down the reading on the scales. The results
obtained are shown in the table.

time / s 0 100 200 300 400

reading on scale / g 203.22 201.62 199.79 198.26 196.50

(i) Draw up a table to show the total mass of water evaporated after 100 s, 200 s, 300 s and
400 s. That is, from 0 to 100 s, 0 to 200 s and so on.
(ii) The heater supplies energy at the rate of 38 J/s. Add to your table values showing the
energy provided by the heater in 100 s, 200 s, 300 s and 400 s. That is, from 0 to 100 s,
0 to 200 s and so on.
[2]

(c) Plot a graph of energy supplied (y-axis) against mass of water evaporated (x-axis).
Start your axes at (0,0). [4]

(d) Determine the gradient of your graph. How is the specific latent heat of vaporisation of water
related to this gradient? [3]

(e) The voltage of the power supply connected to the heater is doubled. Describe and explain
the effect this has on the readings obtained, and on the final result. [3]

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10 Fig. 10.1 illustrates nuclear fission of Uranium-235 in a nuclear reactor.

neutron

U-235 nucleus

before fission after fission

Fig. 10.1

(a) (i) Describe the process illustrated in Fig. 10.1.

(ii) Describe how the process of nuclear fusion differs from the process of nuclear fission as
illustrated above.
[5]

(b) The waste products from a nuclear reactor contain isotopes such as Iodine-131 and
Caesium-137. These waste products are highly radioactive and dangerous. They are stored
in sealed metal cans which are placed under water for a few months.
(i) Explain how these isotopes were produced.
(ii) Explain what is meant by the term radioactive.
(iii) Give a reason why metal cans are used and a reason why they are placed under water.
[5]

(c) Radioactive isotopes are used in medicine and in industry. Describe and explain one use
that is made of a radioactive isotope. In your account, indicate whether the isotope should
have a long or a short half-life. [5]

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11 (a) Fig. 11.1 shows the maximum daytime and minimum night-time surface temperatures of a
region of land and sea during a 24 hour period.

30 °C 5 °C
land land

18 °C 17 °C
sea sea

daytime night-time

Fig. 11.1

(i) The temperatures shown cause the air above the land and sea to move. Describe the
movement of the air during the daytime and during the night-time. Explain in detail why
the air moves in the way that you describe. Include a diagram of the air movements in
your account.
(ii) Explain why the surface temperatures of the land and sea both drop during the night-
time, and why the surface temperature of the land falls more than the surface
temperature of the sea during the night.
[9]

(b) Black surfaces emit and absorb more infra-red radiation than white surfaces when both are
at the same temperature.

Describe how you would demonstrate that

(i) black surfaces absorb more radiation than white surfaces,
(ii) black surfaces emit more radiation than white surfaces at the same temperature.
[6]

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Copyright Acknowledgements:

Question 6. Fig. 6.1. © To follow.

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