This article does not cite any references or sources.

Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. (June 2011) A gang bang is a situation in which one person has sexual intercourse with several individuals sequentially or at the same time. Normally there is a single individual who is the central focus of the sexual activity, e.g. one woman surrounded by several men. Rather than serial couplings by two people, the gang bang is defined by the number and simultaneity of the various sex acts such as oral sex, anal sex or double penetration. Gang bangs are not defined by the precise number of participants but usually involve more than three people and may involve a dozen or more. When the gang bang is organized specifically to culminate with the (near) simultaneous or rapid serial ejaculations of all male participants on the woman (or central man), then it may be referred to by the Japanese term Bukkake. By contrast, three people engaged in sex is normally referred to as a threesome, and four people are normally referred to as a foursome. Gang bangs also differ from group sex, such as threesomes and foursomes, in that most (if not all) sexual acts are centered on or performed with just the central person. Although the participants of a gang bang may know each other, the spontaneity and anonymity of participants is often part of the attraction. Additionally the other participants normally do not engage in sex acts with each other, but may stand nearby and masturbate while waiting for an opportunity to engage in sex. Oral sex or oral intercourse is sexual activity involving the stimulation of the genitalia of one person by another person using the mouth (including the tongue, teeth or throat). Cunnilingus is oral sex performed on a female, while fellatio is oral sex performed on a male. Anilingus is oral stimulation of a person's anus. Oral stimulation of other parts of the body (as in kissing and licking) is usually not considered oral sex. People may engage in oral sex as part of foreplay or as their main form of sexual activity.

Contents

1 Practice o 1.1 Sexual variants o 1.2 Preserving virginity o 1.3 Contraception and safe sex o 1.4 Prevalence 2 Health risks and other studies o 2.1 Sexually transmitted infections o 2.2 HPV and oral cancer o 2.3 Miscarriage reduction 3 Cultural attitudes 4 Terminology and slang 5 See also 6 References 7 External links

Practice
Oral sex may be practiced by people of any sexual orientation.
Sexual variants

Facesitting is a form of oral sex in which the receiver sits on the giver's face and pushes into it with his or her genitals. Oral sex can be performed by both partners at the same time in the so-called "sixty-nine" position. Spitting and/or swallowing of the ejaculatory fluids or giving a pearl necklace may cause different sexual stimulations. Autofellatio is a possible but rare variant; autocunnilingus may also be possible for women with extremely flexible spines. An act of group sex restricted to one woman giving oral sex to several men is referred to as a gangsuck, blowbang or lineup, all derivatives of the slang term gang bang for group sex. Bukkake and gokkun may also involve oral sex, though not necessarily.
Preserving virginity

A late 19th century Beijing hand scroll depicting oral sex

Among heterosexuals in particular, oral sex is commonly viewed as not affecting male or female virginity, due to its non-procreative nature. This is especially the case with female virginity, as oral sex will usually not impact on a female's hymen. Among sexually active heterosexuals, the concept of "technical virginity", which includes oral sex, anal sex, mutual masturbation and other non-penetrative acts, is conceived as resting solely on penile-vaginal intercourse.[1][2][3] Since the early 1990s, "technical virginity" has been popular among teenagers.[3][4] Additionally, gay males may consider oral sex to be "technical virginity" in comparison to penile-anal penetration.[1][5]

Contraception and safe sex

Oral sex alone cannot result in pregnancy and heterosexual couples may perform oral sex as their method of contraception.[6] For conception to take place, sperm from the penis must enter the uterus and fallopian tubes and fertilize the female's egg. In humans, there is no connection between the gastrointestinal system and the reproductive system,[nb 1] and sperm ingested by the woman would be killed and broken down by acids in her stomach and proteins in the small intestine. The breakdown products are then absorbed as a negligible quantity of nutrients. However, there is a potential risk of pregnancy if semen comes in contact with the vaginal area in some way, such as semen in the ejaculate finding its way onto fingers, hands, or other body parts, which then comes in contact with the vaginal area. Oral sex is not necessarily an effective method of preventing sexually transmitted infections (STIs/STDs), although some forms of STIs are believed to be less commonly spread in this way, and oral sex has been recommended as a form of safe sex.[7][8][9] In the United States, no barrier methods for use during oral sex have been evaluated as effective by the Food and Drug Administration.[10] However, a barrier protection like a condom for fellatio or dental dam for cunnilingus can offer some protection from contact when practicing oral sex.[11] Oral contact should be limited to the protected areas. A makeshift dental dam can be made out of a condom[12] or a latex or nitrile glove.[13] However, using a real dental dam is seen as preferable because real dental dams cover a larger area, avoid accidents caused by "slipping" outside the covered area, and avoid the risk that makeshift versions may be accidentally damaged or poked with the scissors during the cutting procedure. Plastic wrap may also be used as a barrier during oral sex, but there exists no conclusive scientific research regarding how effective it may or may not be at preventing disease transmission.[14] Certain kinds of plastic wrap are manufactured to be microwaveable and are designed to have pores that open when heated, but there also exists no scientific research on what effect, if any, this has on disease transmission when used during oral sex.[15] Some people complain that the thickness of the plastic dulls sensation.
Prevalence

A report issued in September 2005 by the National Center for Health Statistics was the basis of an article in the September 26, 2005, issue of Time magazine. The report comes from the results of a computer-administered survey of over 12,000 Americans between the ages of 15 and 44, and states that over half the teenagers questioned have had oral sex. While some headlines have interpreted this as evidence that oral sex among teenagers is "on the rise", this was the first comprehensive study of its kind to examine the matter.[16]

Health risks and other studies

Sexually transmitted infections

Chlamydia, human papillomavirus (HPV), gonorrhea, herpes, hepatitis (multiple strains), and other sexually transmitted infections (STIs/STDs)including HIVcan be transmitted through oral sex.[17] While the exact risk of transmitting HIV through oral sex is unknown, it is generally

thought to be lower than other sex practices.[18] The risks from most of these types of infections are generally considered far less than those associated with vaginal or anal sex.[7][8][9] If the receiving partner has wounds or open sores on their genitals, or if the giving partner has wounds or open sores on or in their mouth, or bleeding gums, this poses an increased risk of STI transmission. Brushing the teeth, flossing, undergoing dental work, or eating crunchy foods such as chips relatively soon before or after giving oral sex can also increase the risk of transmission, because all of these activities can cause small scratches in the lining of the mouth. These wounds, even when they are microscopic, increase the chances of contracting STIs that can be transmitted orally under these conditions. Such contact can also lead to more mundane infections from common bacteria and viruses found in, around, and secreted from the genital regions.
HPV and oral cancer

Links have been reported between oral sex and oral cancer with human papillomavirus (HPV)infected people.[19] In 2005, a research study at the College of Malm in Sweden suggested that performing unprotected oral sex on a person infected with HPV may increase the risk of oral cancer. The study found that 36 percent of the cancer patients had HPV compared to only 1 percent of the healthy control group.[20] Another recent study suggests a correlation between oral sex and head and neck cancer. It is believed that this is due to the transmission of HPV, a virus that has been implicated in the majority of cervical cancers and which has been detected in throat cancer tissue in numerous studies. A The New England Journal of Medicine study concluded that people who had one to five oral sex partners in their lifetime had about twice the risk of throat cancer compared with those who never engaged in this activity and those with more than five oral sex partners had a 250% increased risk.[21][22]
Miscarriage reduction

Fellatio may reduce the risk of miscarriages by inducing immunological tolerance in the woman by exposure to the proteins in her partner's semen, a process known as paternal tolerance. While any exposure to a partner's semen appears to decrease a woman's chances for the various immunological disorders that can occur during pregnancy, immunological tolerance could be most quickly established through the oral introduction and gastrointestinal absorption of semen.[23][24] Recognizing that some of the studies potentially included the presence of confounding factors, such as the possibility that women who regularly perform fellatio and swallow semen also engage in more frequent intercourse, the researchers also noted that, either way, "the data still overwhelmingly supports the main theory" behind all their studiesthat repeated exposure to semen establishes the maternal immunological tolerance necessary for a safe and successful pregnancy.[24][25]

Cultural attitudes

Fellatio in 69 position. See also: Cunnilingus and Fellatio

Cultural attitudes towards oral sex range from disgust to reverence. It has been considered taboo, or at least frowned upon, in many cultures and parts of the world.[26] In Ancient Rome, fellatio was considered profoundly taboo.[27] Sexual acts were generally seen through the prism of submission and control. This is apparent in the two Latin words for the act: irrumare (to penetrate orally), and fellare (to be penetrated orally). Under this system, it was considered to be abhorrent for a male to perform fellatio, since that would mean that he was penetrated (controlled), whereas receiving fellatio from a woman or another man of lower social status (such as a slave or debtor) was not humiliating. The Romans regarded oral sex as being far more shameful than, for example, anal sex known practitioners were supposed to have foul breath and were often unwelcome as guests at a dinner table.[27] In contrast, in Chinese Taoism, cunnilingus is revered as a spiritually fulfilling practice that is believed to enhance longevity.[28] There is some anthropological evidence for cunnilingus as a widespread activity amongst Australian aboriginals.[29] In modern Western culture, oral sex is widely practiced among adolescents[16] and adults. People give various reasons for their dislike of oral sex. Some say that since it does not lead to procreation, it is therefore unnatural.[30] Others believe that it is a humiliating or unclean practice (an opinion that is, at least in some cases, connected with the symbolism attached to different parts of the body).[31] This has been more or less the case in Christian and Sub-Saharan African cultures and other modern religions. While commonly believed that women who have sex with women engage in cunnilingus, some lesbian or bisexual women dislike receiving it due to not liking the experience or due to psychological or social factors, such as finding it unclean.[32][33][34][35] Other lesbian or bisexual women believe that it is a necessity or largely defines lesbian sexual activity, attributing lesbian or bisexual women who dislike oral sex as a problem.[34][35] Often, lesbian couples are likely to

define a woman's dislike of oral sex as a problem more than heterosexual couples are, and commonly seek therapy to overcome inhibitions regarding oral sex.[34] Oral sex has been observed in the animal kingdom among many species.[36][37][38] It has been suggested that there is an evolutionary advantage due to the tendency of primates, non-primates and humans to have oral sex.[39]

A 19th-century depiction of cunnilingus.

Terminology and slang

There are many words which refer to oral sex, including euphemisms and sexual slang. Like all aspects of sexuality, there exists a large number of variations on a theme, a few common ones being:

Giving head A common slang term for giving oral sex to either a man or woman is giving head, from the term head job (in contrast to hand job, manual stimulation). A play on the slang term head resulted in the slang term brains, or brain salad surgery, domes or getting domes.[40] Plate A once common British rhyming slang for fellate that arose in the gay slang language of Polari that spread in the 1960s. The term is less common today.[41][dead link] Cunnilingus is also sometimes referred to as muff diving, eating out or poon-job, a slang term and a cunnilingus variant of blow job, where poon is short for poontang or punani. Additionally, in lesbian culture, several common slang terms used are carpet munching, giving lip, lip service or tipping the velvet (a faux-"Victorian" expression invented by novelist Sarah Waters).

Other slang terms for oral sex include going down on (male or female), licking out and muff diving (female), blow job (male), dome (male or female),[40] sucking off (male), playing the skin flute (male recipient), rolling cigars (male recipient), lolly-gagging (gay male-on-male), gaining knowledge (male recipient) and bust down (male). Forced fellatio is often called Egyptian rape or simply Egyptian; this goes back to the time of the Crusades when Mamluks were alleged to force their Christian captives to do this.[42]

See also
Sexuality portal

Analoral sex Deep-throating (sexual act) Eroto-comatose lucidity Erogenous zone Islamic views of oral sex

Orgasm control Stimulation of nipples Sex magic Tea bag (sexual act) Venus Butterfly

References
Explanatory notes
1. ^ However, this has happened in bizarre circumstances involving a stabbing.

Citations
1. ^ a b See here and pages 4849 for the majority of researchers and heterosexuals defining virginity loss/"technical virginity" by whether or not a person has engaged in vaginal sex. Laura M. Carpenter (2005). Virginity lost: an intimate portrait of first sexual experiences. NYU Press. pp. 295 pages. ISBN 978-0-8147-1652-6. Retrieved October 9, 2011. "More than half of heterosexual women and men argued that female-male anal intercourse would not result in virginity loss... ....Many studies, moreover, seemed uncritically to lump nonvirgin teens (so designated if they'd had vaginal sex) together with their alcoholand drugusing peers 'at risk' for negative outcomes from unintended pregnancy and STIs (sexually transmitted infections) to academic failure and low self-esteem." 2. ^ Bryan Strong, Christine DeVault, Theodore F. Cohen (2010). The Marriage and Family Experience: Intimate Relationship in a Changing Society. Cengage Learning. p. 186. ISBN 0-53462425-1,. Retrieved October 8, 2011. "Most people agree that we maintain virginity as long as we refrain from sexual (vaginal) intercourse. ...But occasionally we hear people speak of 'technical virginity' ... Other research, especially research looking into virginity loss, reports that 35% of virgins, defined as people who have never engaged in vaginal intercourse, have nonetheless engaged in one or more other forms of heterosexual activity (e.g. oral sex, anal sex, or mutual masturbation). ... Data indicate that 'a very significant proportion of teens ha[ve] had experience with oral sex, even if they haven't had sexual intercourse, and may think of themselves as virgins'." 3. ^ a b Jayson, Sharon (October 19, 2005). "'Technical virginity' becomes part of teens' equation". USA Today. Retrieved August 7, 2009. 4. ^ Mark Regnerus (2007). "The Technical Virginity Debate: Is Oral Sex Really Sex?". Forbidden Fruit: Sex & Religion in the Lives of American Teenagers. Oxford University Press US. pp. 290 pages. ISBN 978-0-19-532094-7. 5. ^ Joseph Gross, Michael (2003). Like a Virgin. The Advocate/Here Publishing. p. 44. 0001-8996. Retrieved 2011-03-13. 6. ^ "Your Most Embarrassing Sex Questions Answered". Retrieved July 10, 2008.

7. ^ a b Geffen Testing Center's HIV, Syphilis, and Hepatitis C Information Sheet. Accessed November 4, 2006. Archived October 19, 2006 at the Wayback Machine 8. ^ a b University Health Center, University of Georgia, Oral Sex. Accessed November 4, 2006. 9. ^ a b Fulbright, Yvonne K. (2003). The Hot Guide to Safer Sex. Hunter House. p. 217. ISBN 978-089793-407-7. 10. ^ "HIV/AIDS among Women Who Have Sex With Women". Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. October 17, 2006. Retrieved September 20, 2009. 11. ^ Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. "Oral Sex and HIV Risk | Factsheets | CDC HIV/AIDS". Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Retrieved April 3, 2011. 12. ^ "How to Make a Dental Dam Using a Condom", UCSB SexInfoOnline, February 7, 2008. 13. ^ "How to Make Your Own Dental Dam From a Condom". Retrieved October 8, 2011. 14. ^ "Oral sex and plastic wrap: the CDC sandwiched between a riddle and an enigma". Retrieved October 8, 2011. 15. ^ "Plastic Wrap and Oral Sex". Retrieved October 8, 2011. 16. ^ a b Lemonick, Michael D.,"A Teen Twist on Sex", Time, New York, September 19, 2005. 17. ^ "University Health Center | Sexual Health | Oral Sex". Uhs.uga.edu. 2004-01-05. Retrieved 2013-07-28. 18. ^ Campo J, Perea MA, del Romero J, Cano J, Hernando V, Bascones A (2006). "Oral transmission of HIV, reality or fiction? An update". Oral Dis 12 (3): 219228. doi:10.1111/j.16010825.2005.01187.x. PMID 16700731. 19. ^ "The HPV Connection - The human papilloma virus related to Oral Cancer". 2011-. Retrieved 2011-. 20. ^ "Oral Sex Linked To Mouth Cancer Risk", MedIndia, November 20, 2005. 21. ^ D'Souza G, Kreimer AR, Viscidi R et al. (2007). "Case-control study of human papillomavirus and oropharyngeal cancer". N. Engl. J. Med. 356 (19): 19441956. doi:10.1056/NEJMoa065497. PMID 17494927. 22. ^ Khamsi, Roxanne, "Oral sex can cause throat cancer", New Scientist, London, May 9, 2007. 23. ^ Koelman CA, Coumans AB, Nijman HW, Doxiadis II, Dekker GA, Claas FH (March 2000). "Correlation between oral sex and a low incidence of preeclampsia: a role for soluble HLA in seminal fluid?". Journal of Reproductive Immunology 46 (2): 155166. doi:10.1016/S01650378(99)00062-5. PMID 10706945. 24. ^ a b Fox, Douglas (February 9, 2002). "Gentle Persuasion". New Scientist. Retrieved June 17, 2007. 25. ^ Robertson SA, Bromfield JJ, Tremellen KP (August 2003). "Seminal 'priming' for protection from pre-eclampsia-a unifying hypothesis". Journal of Reproductive Immunology 59 (2): 253 265. doi:10.1016/S0165-0378(03)00052-4. PMID 12896827. 26. ^ "The History of Fellatio", Salon.com, May 22, 2000. 27. ^ a b "Irrumation". Sacred-texts.com. Retrieved April 3, 2011. 28. ^ Octavio Paz (1969) Conjunctions and Disjunctions; trans. Helen R. Lane. London: Wildwood House; p. 97 29. ^ Schidloff, B. (1935) "The Sexual Life of South Sea Natives"; in: R. Burton, ed. Venus Oceanica. New York: Oceanica Research Press; pp. 33318; quoting p. 289"Cunnilingus is very wide-spread among all primitive peoples and from Kubary's reports on the Sonsolans, it can be seen that even the children are already prepared for this" 30. ^ Buschmiller, Rev. Robert. "Oral Sex in Marriage". Presentation Ministries. Retrieved July 24, 2010. 31. ^ Pina-Cabral, Joao de (1992). "Tamed Violence: Genital Symbolism is Portuguese popular culture". Man. N.S 28 (1): 101120. doi:10.2307/2804438. JSTOR 2804438.

32. ^ Belge, Kathy. "Do All Lesbians Like Oral Sex?". About.com. Retrieved 3 June 2012. 33. ^ Naomi B. McCormick (1994). Sexual Salvation: Affirming Women's Sexual Rights and Pleasures. Greenwood Publishing Group. p. 207. ISBN 978-0-275-94359-2. Retrieved 18 April 2012. 34. ^ a b c Ginny Vida, Karol D. Lightner, Tanya Viger (1996). The New Our Right to Love: A Lesbian Resource Book. Simon and Schuster. p. 74. ISBN 978-0-684-80682-2. Retrieved 18 April 2012. 35. ^ a b Jerry J. J. Bigner, Joseph L. L. Wetchler (2012). Handbook of LGBT-Affirmative Couple and Family Therapy. Routledge. p. 102. ISBN 978-1-136-34032-1. Retrieved 18 April 2012. 36. ^ Woods, Stacey Grenrock (1). "Do animals have oral sex?". Esquire. 37. ^ Min Tan; Gareth Jones, Guangjian Zhu, Jianping Ye, Tiyu Hong, Shanyi Zhou, Shuyi Zhang, Libiao Zhang (October 28, 2009). "Fellatio by Fruit Bats Prolongs Copulation Time". In Hosken, David. PLoS ONE 4 (10): e7595. Bibcode:2009PLoSO...4.7595T. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0007595. PMC 2762080. PMID 19862320. Retrieved August 11, 2009. 38. ^ Spain. "Valencia". Oceanografico. 39. ^ Brooks, Cassandra (30). A Little Fellatio Goes a long way. ScienceNOW. Retrieved July 24, 2010. 40. ^ a b Urban Dictionary: Dome Many examples of the word dome being used to refer to oral sex 41. ^ Polari[dead link] 42. ^ Edwardes, Allen; Masters, Robert E. L. The cradle of erotica, New York: Julian Press, 1963.

Anal sex or anal intercourse is the insertion and thrusting of the erect penis into a person's anus, or anus and rectum, for sexual pleasure.[1][2][3] Other forms of anal sex include fingering, use of sex toys to penetrate the anus, anilingus, and pegging.[2][4][5] Though the term anal sex most commonly means penile-anal penetration,[1][2][4][6] sources sometimes use the term anal intercourse to refer exclusively to penile-anal penetration, and anal sex to refer to any form of anal sexual activity (especially between pairings, as opposed to anal masturbation).[6][7] While anal sex is commonly associated with male homosexuality, research shows that not all gay males engage in anal sex and that it is not uncommon in heterosexual relationships.[4][3][8][9] Types of anal sex can also be a part of lesbian sexual practices.[10] People may experience pleasure from anal sex by stimulation of the anal nerve endings, and orgasm may be achieved through anal penetration by indirect stimulation of the prostate in men, indirect clitoral/G-Spot stimulation in women, and associated sensory nerves (especially the pudendal nerve).[2][3][11][12] However, people may also find anal sex painful, sometimes extremely so,[13][14] which may be primarily due to psychological factors in some cases.[15] As with most forms of sexual activity, anal sex participants risk contracting sexually transmitted infections (STIs/STDs).[16][17] Anal sex is considered a high-risk sexual practice because of the vulnerability of the anus and rectum. The anal and rectal tissues are delicate and do not provide natural lubrication, so they can easily tear and permit disease transmission, especially if lubricant is not used. Anal sex without protection of a condom is considered the riskiest form of sexual activity,[3][4] and therefore health authorities such as the World Health Organization (WHO) recommend safe sex practices for anal sex.[16] Often, strong views are expressed with regard to anal sex; it is controversial in various cultures, especially with regard to religion, commonly due to prohibitions against anal sex among gay men or teachings about the procreative purpose of sexual activity.[4][5][7] It may be regarded as taboo or unnatural, and is a criminal offense in some countries, punishable by corporal or capital

punishment; by contrast, people also commonly regard anal sex as a natural and valid form of sexual activity that may be as equally fulfilling as any other desired sexual expression. They may regard it as an enhancing element of their sex lives or as their primary form of sexual activity.[4][5][7]

Contents

1 Anatomy and stimulation 2 Male to female o 2.1 Virginity o 2.2 Prevalence 3 Male to male o 3.1 Prevalence o 3.2 Pain 4 Female to male 5 Female to female 6 Health risks o 6.1 Infection o 6.2 Cancer o 6.3 Physical damage 7 Cultural views o 7.1 Ancient and non-Western cultures o 7.2 Western cultures o 7.3 Religion 7.3.1 Judaism 7.3.2 Christianity 7.3.3 Islam 7.3.4 Buddhism 7.3.5 Hinduism 8 See also 9 References 10 Further reading 11 External links

Anatomy and stimulation

See also: Prostate massage

Male genital anatomy, showing the location of the prostate with respect to the rectum The abundance of nerve endings in the anal region and rectum can make anal sex pleasurable for men or women.[2][3][5] The internal and external sphincter muscles control the opening and closing of the anus; these muscles, which are sensitive membranes made up of many nerve endings, facilitate pleasure or pain during anal sex.[3][5] "The inner third of the anal canal is less sensitive to touch than the outer two-thirds, but is more sensitive to pressure" and "[t]he rectum is a curved tube about eight or nine inches long and has the capacity, like the anus, to expand".[5] Research indicates that anal sex occurs significantly less frequently than other sexual behaviors,[8][18] but its association with dominance and submission, as well as taboo, makes it an appealing stimulus to people of all sexual orientations.[5][19][20] In addition to sexual penetration by the penis, people may use sex toys such as butt plugs or anal beads, engage in fingering, anilingus, pegging, anal masturbation or fisting for anal sexual activity, and different sex positions may also be included.[5][21] Fisting is the least practiced of the activities,[22] with "[f]ew people" being "capable of relaxing enough to accommodate something as big as a fist in their anus, and there is real danger of damage to the delicate rectal tissues".[5] In a male receptive partner, being anally penetrated can produce a pleasurable sensation due to the inserted penis rubbing or brushing against the prostate (also known as the "male G-Spot", "PSpot" or "A-Spot") through the anal wall.[2][11][23][24] This can result in pleasurable sensations and can lead to an orgasm in some cases.[2][11][23] Prostate stimulation can produce a "deeper" orgasm, sometimes described by men as more widespread and intense, longer-lasting, and allowing for greater feelings of ecstasy than orgasm elicited by penile stimulation only.[2][23] The prostate is located next to the rectum and is the larger, more developed male homologue to the Skene's glands (which are believed to be connected to the female G-Spot).[25][26] General statistics indicate that 7080% of women require direct clitoral stimulation to achieve orgasm.[27][28][29][30] The clitoris is composed of more than the externally visible glans (head). With its glans or body as a whole estimated to have around 8,000 sensory nerve endings, more than any other part of the human body,[3][31][32] the clitoris surrounds the vagina somewhat like a horseshoe[32] and surrounds the urethra and anus as well;[33][34] the vagina is flanked on each side by the clitoral crura, the internal "legs" of the clitoris, which are highly sensitive and become engorged with blood when sexually aroused.[34][35][36] In addition to nerve endings present within the anus and rectum, women may find anal stimulation pleasurable due to these "legs" extending along the vaginal lips (labia minora) back to the anus.[37] Indirect stimulation of the clitoris through anal penetration may also be caused by the shared sensory nerves; especially the pudendal nerve, which gives off the inferior anal nerves and divides into two terminal branches: the perineal nerve and the dorsal nerve of the clitoris.[2] The Grfenberg spot, or G-Spot, is a debated area of female anatomy, particularly among doctors and researchers,[34][38][39] but it is typically described as being located behind the female pubic bone surrounding the urethra and accessible through the anterior wall of the vagina; it is considered to have tissue and nerves that are related to the clitoris.[2][34][38] Besides the shared anatomy of the aforementioned sensory nerves, orgasm by stimulation of the clitoris or G-Spot through anal penetration is made possible because of the close proximity between the vaginal

cavity and the rectal cavity, allowing for general indirect stimulation.[12][22] Achieving orgasm solely by anal stimulation is rare among women.[40] Direct stimulation of the clitoris, G-Spot, or both, during anal sex can help some women enjoy the activity and reach orgasm from it.[3][12][41] Stimulation from anal sex can additionally be affected by popular perception or portrayals of the activity, such as erotica or pornography. In pornography, anal sex is commonly portrayed as desirable, routine, without use of a personal lubricant or a condom, and painless; this can result in couples performing anal sex without care, and men and women believing that it is unusual for women, as receptive partners, to find no pleasure from the activity and instead discomfort or pain from it.[6][42][43][44] In contrast, each person's sphincter muscles react to penetration differently, the anal sphincters have tissues that are more prone to tearing, and the anus and rectum, unlike the vagina, do not provide natural lubrication for sexual penetration. Researchers say adequate application of a personal lubricant, relaxation, and communication between sexual partners are crucial to avoid pain or damage to the anus or rectum.[4][3][14][45] Ensuring that the anal area is clean and the bowel is empty, for both aesthetics and practicality, is also suggested.[4][22]

Male to female

1892 lithograph by Paul Avril depicting male-to-female anal sex The anal sphincters are usually tighter than the pelvic muscles of the vagina, which can enhance the sexual pleasure for the inserting male during male-to-female anal intercourse because of the pressure applied to the penis.[12][19] Men may additionally enjoy the penetrative role during anal sex because of its association with dominance, because it is made more alluring by a female or general society insisting that it is forbidden, or primarily because it presents an additional option for penetration.[5][19] While some women find being a receptive partner during anal intercourse painful or uncomfortable, or only engage in the act to please a male sexual partner, other women find the activity pleasurable or prefer it to vaginal intercourse.[6][12][46][47] The vaginal walls contain significantly fewer nerve endings than the clitoris and anus, and therefore intense sexual pleasure, including orgasm, from vaginal sexual stimulation is less likely to occur than from direct clitoral stimulation in most women.[38][39][48] However, anal sexual simulation is not necessarily more likely to result in orgasm than vaginal sexual stimulation; the types of nerves and how they interact with each other are factors,[2] as "total separation between the vagina and

clitoris is mostly artificial, and often based on a misunderstanding of what, where, and how big the clitoris really is"; the clitoris surrounds the vagina and anus.[33][34][38] In a study of heterosexual anal sex, female participants stated that direct stimulation of multiple erogenous zones simultaneously (the clitoris, the G-Spot, the anus, or other erogenous zones) enabled them to enjoy anal intercourse with much less discomfort compared to anal penetration by itself and to orgasm from it. Women who experienced orgasm during anal sex accompanied by direct stimulation of one or more of the other erogenous zones described it as more of a fullbody experience compared to orgasm from direct clitoral stimulation alone.[41] Kimberly R. McBride's 2010 Journal of Sex Research report on heterosexual anal sex uses the term anal intercourse to refer specifically to penile-anal penetration, and anal sex to refer to any form of anal sexual activity. The report suggests that anal sex is exotic among the sexual practices of some heterosexuals and that "for a certain number of heterosexuals, anal intercourse is pleasurable, exciting, and perhaps considered more intimate than vaginal sex".[6] Anal intercourse is additionally sometimes used as a substitute for vaginal intercourse during menstruation.[5] The risk of pregnancy during anal sex is greatly reduced, as anal sex alone cannot lead to pregnancy unless sperm is somehow transported to the vaginal opening. Because of this, some couples practice anal intercourse as a form of contraception, often in the absence of a condom.[5][42][49] The risk of injury to the receptive partner due to anal intercourse is many times higher than that due to vaginal intercourse,[50] and the risk of transmission of HIV is higher for anal sex than for vaginal sex.[51] Additionally, if the man moves from anal intercourse immediately to vaginal intercourse without a condom or without changing it, infections can arise in the vagina due to bacteria present within the anus; this also applies to the use of sex toys.[3][22][37][52] Therefore, the risk to the woman is greater than the risk to the man during male-to-female anal intercourse.[53]

Virginity
Male-to-female anal sex is commonly viewed as a way of preserving female virginity because it is non-procreative and does not tear the hymen; a person, especially a female, who engages in anal sex or other sexual activity with no history of having engaged in vaginal intercourse is commonly regarded among heterosexuals and researchers as not having yet experienced virginity loss. This is often termed technical virginity.[2][54][55][56] Many heterosexuals view anal sex as "fooling around" or as foreplay; this view "dates to the late 1600s, with explicit 'rules' appearing around the turn of the twentieth century, as in marriage manuals defining petting as 'literally every caress known to married couples but does not include complete sexual intercourse'".[54]

Prevalence
In 1992, a study conducted by the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) found that only 26% of men 18 to 59 and 20% of women 18 to 59 had engaged in heterosexual anal sex; a similar 2005 survey (also conducted by the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention) found a rising incidence of anal sex relations in the American heterosexual

population. The survey showed that 40% of men and 35% of women between 25 and 44 had engaged in heterosexual anal sex.[57] In terms of overall numbers of survey respondents, seven times as many women as gay men said that they engaged in anal intercourse, with this figure reflecting the larger heterosexual population size.[58] According to a study from the National Survey of Sexual Health and Behavior (NSSHB) that was authored by Debby Herbenick and other researchers, although anal intercourse is reported by fewer women than other partnered sex behaviors, partnered women in the age groups between 1849 are significantly more likely to report having anal sex in the past 90 days.[59] As of 2011, this survey provides the most up to date data about anal sex at the population level. In a 2007 report entitled Prevalence and Correlates of Heterosexual Anal and Oral Sex in Adolescents and Adults in the United States, published in The Journal of Infectious Diseases, a national survey of Family Growth found that 34% men and 30% women reported ever participating in heterosexual anal sex. The percentage of participants reporting heterosexual anal sex was significantly higher among 20- to 24-year-olds and peaked among 30- to 34-yearolds.[60] Another survey in, 2008, focused on a much younger demographic of teenagers and young adults, aged 1521. It found that 16% of 1350 surveyed had had this type of sex in the previous 3 months, with condoms being used 29% of the time.[61] However, given the subject matter, the survey hypothesized the prevalence was probably underestimated. In Kimberly R. McBride's clinical report on heterosexual anal intercourse and other forms of anal sexual activity, it is suggested that changing norms may affect the frequency of heterosexual anal sex. McBride and her colleagues investigated the prevalence of non-intercourse anal sex behaviors among a sample of men (n=1,299) and women (n=1,919) compared to anal intercourse experience and found that 51% of men and 43% of women had participated in at least one act of oralanal sex, manualanal sex, or anal sex toy use.[6] The report states the majority of men (n=631) and women (n=856) who reported heterosexual anal intercourse in the past 12 months were in exclusive, monogamous relationships: 69% and 73%, respectively.[6] Figures for prevalence can vary among different demographics, regions, and nationalities. A 1999 South Korean survey of 586 women, 3.5% of respondents reported having had this type of sex.[62] By contrast, a 2001 French survey of five hundred female respondents concluded that a total of 29% had engaged in this practice, with one third of these confirming to have enjoyed the experience.[63] Figures for the prevalence of sexual behavior can also fluctuate over time. Edward O. Laumann's 1992 survey, reported in The Social Organization of Sexuality: Sexual Practices in the United States, found that about 20% of heterosexuals had engaged in male-to-female anal sex. Sex researcher Alfred Kinsey, working in the 1940s, had found that number to be closer to 40% at the time. A researcher from the University of British Columbia in 2005 put the number of heterosexuals who have engaged in this practice at between 30% and 50%.[64] According to Columbia University's health website Go Ask Alice!: "Studies indicate that about 25 percent of heterosexual couples have had anal sex at least once, and 10 percent regularly have anal penetration."[8] The increase of anal sexual activity among heterosexuals has also been linked to the increase in anal pornography, especially if a person views it more regularly than a person who does not.[4][43][44]

Male to male

19th-century erotic interpretation of Hadrian and Antinous (detail), by Paul Avril Historically, anal sex has been commonly associated with male homosexuality. However, many men who have sex with men do not engage in anal sex.[4][8][65][66] Among men who have anal sex with other men, the insertive partner may be referred to as the top and the one being penetrated may be referred to as the bottom. Those who enjoy either role may be referred to as versatile.[66][67] Gay men who prefer anal sex may view it as "[their] version of intercourse"[20] and as "the natural apex of sex, a wonderful expression of intimacy, and a great source of pleasure".[65] Psychologist Walt Odets said, "I think that anal sex has for gay men the same emotional significance that vaginal sex has for heterosexuals".[68] Some men who have sex with men, however, believe that being receptive partners during anal sex questions their masculinity.[69][70] Men who have sex with men may also prefer to engage in frot or other forms of mutual masturbation because they find it more pleasurable or more affectionate, to preserve technical virginity, or as safe sex alternatives to anal sex,[65][66][71][72] while some frot advocates denounce anal sex as degrading to the receptive partner and unnecessarily risky.[68][71][73]

Prevalence
The prevalence of anal sex among gay men in the West has varied over time. Magnus Hirschfeld, in his 1914 work, The Homosexuality of Men and Women, reported the rate of anal sex among gay men surveyed to be 8%, the least favored of all the practices documented.[74] Likewise, some scholars state that oral sex and mutual masturbation are more common than anal stimulation among gay men in long-term relationships,[8][65] and that, in general, anal intercourse is more popular among gay male couples than among heterosexual couples, but that "it ranks behind oral sex and mutual masturbation" among both sexual orientations in prevalence.[18] By the 1950s in the United Kingdom, it was thought that about 15% of gay males had anal sex.[75] Other studies, The Gay Urban Men's Study (P.I. Stall, UCSF) and the Young Men's Study (YMS, PI Osmond/Catania, UCSF), indicate that 50% of the surveyed men who have sex with men engage in anal sex.[76][full citation needed][77][full citation needed] The 1994 Laumann study suggests that 80% of gay men practice it and 20% never engage in it at all.[78]

The National Institutes of Health (NIH), with information published in the BMJ, states that two thirds of gay men have anal sex.[9] Other sources suggest that roughly three-fourths of gay men have anal sex at one time or another in their lives, with an equal percentage participating as tops and bottoms.[66] A survey in The Advocate in 1994 indicated that 46% of gay men preferred to penetrate their partners, while 43% preferred to be the receptive partner.[66] A survey conducted from 1994 to 1997 in San Francisco by the Stop AIDS Project indicated that over the course of the study, among men who have sex with men, the proportion engaging in anal sex increased from 57.6% to 61.2%.[79] WebMD states that "[a]n estimated 90% of men who have sex with men" practice receptive anal intercourse.[1]

Pain
Pain during receptive anal sex is formally known as anodyspareunia.[14] One study found that about 12% of gay men find it too painful to pursue receptive anal sex, and concluded that the perception of anal sex as painful is just as likely to be psychologically or emotionally based as it is to be physically based.[80] Another study that examined pain during insertive and receptive anal sex in gay men found that 3% of tops (insertive partners) and 16% of bottoms (receptive partners) reported significant pain.[81] Factors predictive of pain during anal sex include inadequate lubrication, feeling tense or anxious, lack of stimulation, as well as lack of social ease with being gay and being closeted. Research has found that psychological factors can in fact be the primary contributors to the experience of pain during anal intercourse and that adequate communication between sexual partners can prevent it, countering the notion that pain is always inevitable during anal sex.[14][15][80][81]

Female to male

A woman wearing a strap-on dildo about to engage in anal sex with a man. Women may sexually stimulate a man's anus by fingering the exterior or interior areas of the anus; they may also stimulate the perineum (which, for males, is between the base of the scrotum and the anus), massage the prostate or engage in anilingus.[5][22][82] Sex toys, such as a dildo, may also be used.[5][22] The practice of a woman penetrating a man's anus with a strap-on dildo for sexual activity is called pegging.[21][83] Commonly, heterosexual men reject the idea of being receptive partners during anal sex because they believe it is a feminine act, can make them vulnerable, or contradicts their sexual orientation

(for example, that it is indicative that they are gay).[22][70] National Institutes of Health (NIH) information published in the BMJ in 1999, however, states: There are little published data on how many heterosexual men would like their anus to be sexually stimulated in a heterosexual relationship. Anecdotally, it is a substantial number. What data we do have almost all relate to penetrative sexual acts, and the superficial contact of the anal ring with fingers or the tongue is even less well documented but may be assumed to be a common sexual activity for men of all sexual orientations.[9]

Female to female

A woman performing anilingus (analoral sex) on another woman. Anal stimulation is a lesbian sexual practice that includes fingering, use of a dildo or other sex toys, or anilingus.[10][84] However, some lesbians do not like anal sex.[85] There is less research on anal sexual activity among women who have sex with women compared to couples of other sexual orientations. In 1987, a non-scientific study (Munson) was conducted of more than 100 members of a lesbian social organization in Colorado. When asked what techniques and lesbian sexual practices they used in their last ten sexual encounters, lesbians in their 30s were twice as likely as other age groups to engage in anal stimulation (with a finger or dildo).[3] Anilingus is more rarely practiced among female same-sex couples.[86] While author Tom Boellstorff, when particularly examining anal sex among gay and lesbian individuals in Indonesia, stated that he had not heard of oral-anal contact or anal penetration as recognized forms of lesbian sexuality but assume they take place,[87] author Felice Newman cites anal sex as a part of lesbian sexual practices in her book The Whole Lesbian Sex Book.[10]

Health risks
Anal sex can expose participants to two principal dangers: infections due to the high number of infectious microorganisms not found elsewhere on the body, and physical damage to the anus and the rectum due to their fragility. Increased experimentation with anal sex by people without sound knowledge about risks and what safety measures do and do not work may be linked to an increase in sexually transmitted infections.[88] Judy Kuriansky, a Columbia University professor and author, stated, "It really is shocking how many myths young people have about anal sex.

They don't think you can get a disease from it because you're not having [vaginal] intercourse."[89]

Infection

Mucous membranes of the rectum. Unprotected penile-anal penetration, colloquially known as "barebacking",[90] carries a higher risk of passing on sexually transmitted infections (STIs/STDs) because the anal sphincter is a delicate, easily-torn tissue that can tear and provide an entry for pathogens. The high concentration of white blood cells around the rectum, together with the risk of tearing and the rectum's function to absorb fluid, places those who engage in such sexual activity at high risk of STIs. Use of condoms, ample lubrication to reduce the risk of tearing,[20][45] and other safer sex practices reduce the risk. However, a condom can break or come off during anal sex, so both sex partners must remain watchful during sex and there is still some risk if one or both partners carries a sexually transmissible infection.[91] The use of the same sex toys by more than one person increases the risk of transmitting such infections. Unprotected receptive anal sex is considered the sex act most likely to result in HIV transmission.[92][93][94][95] Other infections that can be transmitted by unprotected anal sex are human papillomavirus (HPV) (which can increase risk of anal cancer[96] and typhoid fever),[97] amoebiasis; chlamydia; cryptosporidiosis; E. coli infections; giardiasis; gonorrhea; hepatitis A; hepatitis B; hepatitis C; herpes simplex; Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (HHV-8);[98] lymphogranuloma venereum; Mycoplasma hominis; Mycoplasma genitalium; pubic lice; salmonellosis; shigella; syphilis; tuberculosis; and Ureaplasma urealyticum.[99][100][101]

Cancer
Anal cancer is relatively rare, accounting for about 1% of gastrointestinal malignancies, but as many as 4,000 new cases can be diagnosed within a year in the United States, according to the American Cancer Society.[102][103] Most cases of anal cancer are related to infection with the human papilloma virus (HPV).[102][103] Anal sex alone does not cause anal cancer; the risk of anal cancer through anal sex is attributed to HPV infection, which is often contracted through unprotected anal sex. The incidence of the disease has jumped 160% in men and 78% in women in the last thirty years, according to a 2004 American study. The increase is attributed to changing trends in sexual behavior (such as a history of multiple sex partners, fifteen or more, or

receptive anal sex) and smoking. If a current smoker, there is a fourfold increase in risk, though independent of other behavioral risk factors, such as sexual activity. Receptive anal sex increases the incidence sevenfold.[103] Among the female control group studied, 21.5% had reported practicing anal sex, a significant increase from a previous case-control study by epidemiologist Janet Daling (PhD, member of Fred Hutchinson's Public Health Sciences Division) and her colleagues, published in 1987, in which 11% of female controls had reported ever having anal sex. This and other studies also indicate that gay or bisexual sex among men is on the rise, which may account for the increase in anal cancer.[103] "The sharpest increase was among African American men, whose incidence of anal cancer has more than doubled in the past three decades. Black men also had a lower survival rate from the disease." The study reported that the five-year survival rate for black men with early stage disease was 62% as compared to 79% for white men with localized cancer. However, the survey also reported that black men were more likely than white men to report having had intercourse with another male in the last year. Regarding all the increases, whether or not sexual practices have changed, Daling concluded, "[I]t also could be that people are just more likely to discuss their sexual behavior these days."[103]

Physical damage
Physical damage to the rectum and anus can manifest as generalized ano-rectal trauma, anal fissures, rectal prolapse, and exacerbating hemorrhoids.[104] Adequate lubrication and preparation reduces the risk of physical trauma,[105] while the risk increases with use of alcohol or other drugs that dull sensitivity. Loss of bowel control is not a highly likely result of anal sex, but may be caused by repeated injury or the insertion of large objects.[106][full citation needed][107] Kegel exercises have been recommended to maintain muscle tone by a speaker at the Society for the Scientific Study of Sexuality and the American Association of Sex Educators, who noted he had never personally observed "loosening" in any of his patients.[108] A 1993 study published in the Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine found that fourteen out of a sample of forty men receiving anal intercourse experienced episodes of frequent anal incontinence.[109] However, a 1997 study published in the American Journal of Gastroenterology found no difference in levels of incontinence between homosexual men who engaged in anal sex and heterosexual men who did not, and criticized the earlier study for its inclusion of flatulence in its definition of incontinence.[110]

Cultural views

Suzuki Harunobu, A shunga print depicting an older and a younger man Historically, a number of cultures have recorded the practice of anal intercourse between men.

Ancient and non-Western cultures

The term Greek love has long been used to refer to the practice, and in modern times, "doing it the Greek way" is sometimes used as slang for anal sex. However, homosexual anal sex was far from a universally accepted practice in Ancient Greece. It was the target of jokes in surviving comedies; Aristophanes mockingly alludes to the practice, claiming that "Most citizens are europroktoi (wide-arsed) now".[111] While pedagogic pederasty was an essential element in the education of male youths, these relationships, at least in Athens and Sparta, were expected to steer clear of penetrative sex of any kind. There are very few works of pottery or other art that display anal sex between older men and boys, let alone with adult men. Most such works depict fondling or intercrural sex, which was not condemned for violating and feminizing the boys. Other sources make it clear that the practice was criticized as shameful,[112] and seen as a form of hubris.[113][full citation needed]

Two Roman males on the Warren Cup, British Museum In later Roman-era Greek poetry, anal sex became a common topos, represented as taking place with "eligible" youths: those who had attained the proper age but had not yet become adults. Seducing children into the practice was considered very shameful for the adult, and having such relations with a male who was no longer adolescent was considered more shameful for the young male than for the one mounting him. Greek courtesans, or hetaerae, are said to have frequently practiced heterosexual anal intercourse as a means of preventing pregnancy.[114] The acceptability of anal sex thus varied with the time-period and the location, as Ancient Greece spanned a long time and stretched over three continents and two major seas. For a male citizen to take the passive (or receptive) role in anal intercourse was condemned in Rome as an act of impudicitia (immodesty or unchastity). Free men, however, frequently took the active role with a young slave, known as a catamite or puer delicatus. In fact the Romans thought of anal sex as something specifically "Greek", although Roman men often availed themselves of their own slaves or others in this way.[115][full citation needed] In Japan, records (including detailed shunga) show that at least some men in relationships with other men did engage in penetrative anal intercourse.

Man and woman having anal sex. Ceramic, Moche Culture. 300 C.E. Larco Museum Collection Evidence suggestive of widespread heterosexual anal intercourse in a pre-modern culture can be found in the erotic vases, or stirrup-spout pots, made by the Moche people of Peru; in a survey[116] of a collection of these pots, it was found that 31 percent of them depicted heterosexual anal intercourse, more by far than any other sex act. Moche pottery of this type belonged to the world of the dead, which was believed to be a reversal of life. Thus the reverse of common practices was often portrayed. The Larco Museum houses an erotic gallery in which this pottery is showcased.[117] The 19th century anthropologist Richard Francis Burton theorized that there is a geographical Sotadic zone wherein penetrative intercourse between men is particularly prevalent and

accepted; moreover he was one of the first writers to advance the premise that such an orientation is biologically determined.[118]

Western cultures
In many Western countries, anal sex has generally been taboo since the Middle Ages[119] when heretical movements were sometimes attacked by accusations that their members practised anal sex among themselves.[citation needed] At that time the mainstream Christian clergy was not celibate, but the highest orders of some heretical sects were, leading to rumors that their celibacy was a sign of their attraction to members of the same sex.[citation needed] The term buggery originated in medieval Europe as an insult used to describe the rumoured same-sex sexual practices of the heretics from a sect originating in Bulgaria, where its followers were called bogomils[citation needed]; when they spread out of the country they were called buggres (from the ethnonym Bulgars).[citation needed] Another term for the practice, more archaic, is "pedicate" from the Latin pedicare, with the same meaning.[120] The Renaissance poet Pietro Aretino advocated the practice in his Sonetti Lussuriosi (Lust Sonnets).[121] While men who engaged in homosexual relationships were generally suspected of engaging in anal sex, many such individuals did not. Among these, in recent times, have been Andr Gide, who found it repulsive;[122][full citation needed] and Nol Coward, who had a horror of disease, and asserted when young that "I'd never do anything well the disgusting thing they do because I know I could get something wrong with me".[123][full citation needed]

Religion
This section needs additional citations for verification. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. (March 2011)

Franois-Rolland Elluin, Sodomites provoking divine wrath, from Le pot-pourri (1781)

Further information: Sodomy

Ottoman illustration depicting two young men having sex (from Sawaqub al-Manaquib) Judaism The Mishneh Torah, a text considered authoritative by Orthodox Jewish sects,[124] states "since a mans wife is permitted to him, he may act with her in any manner whatsoever. He may have intercourse with her whenever he so desires and kiss any organ of her body he wishes, and he may have intercourse with her naturally or unnaturally [traditionally, unnaturally refers to anal and oral sex], provided that he does not expend semen to no purpose. Nevertheless, it is an attribute of piety that a man should not act in this matter with levity and that he should sanctify himself at the time of intercourse."[125] Christianity This section does not cite any references or sources. Please help improve this section by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. (July 2011) In Christian countries,[clarification needed] anal sex is sometimes referred to euphemistically as the peccatum contra naturam (the sin against nature, after Thomas Aquinas) or Sodomitica luxuria (sodomitical lusts, in one of Charlemagne's ordinances), or peccatum illud horribile, inter christianos non-nominandum (that horrible sin that among Christians is not to be named). Islam Main article: Islamic views on anal sex Liwat, or the sin of Lot's people, is officially prohibited by most Islamic sects. There are parts of the Qur'an which talk about smiting on Sodom and Gomorrah, and this is thought to be a reference to unnatural sex, and so there are hadith and Islamic laws which prohibit it. Same sex male practitioners of anal relations are called luti or lutiyin in plural and are seen as criminals in the same way that a thief is a criminal, meaning that they are giving in to a universal temptation. Buddhism Further information: Sexuality and Buddhism and LGBT topics and Buddhism

The most common formulation of Buddhist ethics is the Five Precepts. These precepts take the form of voluntary, personal undertakings, not divine mandate or instruction. The third of the Precepts is "To refrain from committing sexual misconduct".[126] However, "sexual misconduct" (Sanskrit: Kmesu micchcra literally "sense gratifications arising from the 5 senses"") is subject to interpretation relative to the social norms of the followers.[127] In fact, Buddhism, in its fundamental form, does not define what is right and what is wrong in absolute terms for lay followers. Therefore the interpretation of what kinds of sexual activity are acceptable for a layman is not a religious matter as far as Buddhism is concerned.[128] Hinduism See also: History of sex in India and LGBT topics and Hinduism

See also
Sexuality portal

Ass to mouth (ATM or A2M) Coprophilia Creampie (sexual act) Felching Klismaphilia Sodomy law

References
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Further reading

Bentley, Toni The Surrender: An Erotic Memoir, Regan Books, 2004. Brent, Bill Ultimate Guide to Anal Sex for Men, Cleis Press, 2002. DeCitore, David Arouse Her Anal Ecstasy (2008) ISBN 978-0-615-39914-0 Hite, Shere The Hite Report on Male Sexuality Houser, Ward Anal Sex, Encyclopedia of Homosexuality Dynes, Wayne R. (ed.), Garland Publishing, 1990. pp. 4850. Manning, Lee The Illustrated Book Of Anal Sex, Erotic Print Society, 2003. ISBN 978-1898998-59-4 Morin, Jack Anal Pleasure & Health: A Guide for Men and Women, Down There Press, 1998. ISBN 978-0-940208-20-9 Sanderson, Terry The Gay Man's Kama Sutra, Thomas Dunne Books, 2004. Strong, Bill with Lori E. Gammon Anal Sex for Couples: A Guaranteed Guide for Painless Pleasure Triad Press, Inc.; First edition, 2006. ISBN 978-0-9650716-2-8 Tristan Taormino The Ultimate Guide to Anal Sex for Women, Cleis Press, 1997, 2006. ISBN 978-1-57344-028-8 Underwood, Steven G. Gay Men and Anal Eroticism: Tops, Bottoms, and Versatiles, Harrington Park Press, 2003 Webb, Charlotte Masterclass: Anal Sex, Erotic Print Society, 2007.

A person may be sexually penetrated multiple times simultaneously. Penetration may involve use of fingers, toes, sex toys, or penises. Scenes of multiple penetration are common in pornography. If one person is penetrated by two objects, it is generically called double penetration (sometimes abbreviated dp).[34] Double penetration of the vagina, anus and mouth, can involve:

Simultaneous penetration of the anus by two penises or other objects. This is commonly called double anal or double stuffing. Simultaneous penetration of the vagina by two penises or other objects. This is commonly called double vaginal penetration (DVP) or double stuffing.[35] Simultaneous penetration of the vagina and anus. If this is done using penises and/or strap-on dildos, this is sometimes called the sandwich or BigMac. The shocker (see above) accomplishes this using several fingers of one hand. Simultaneous penetration of the mouth and either the vagina or anus. If the penetrating objects are penises, this is sometimes called the spit roast or the Chinese finger trap.

Effects of physical disabilities and limitations

Different sex positions result in differences in the depth of sexual penetration and the angle of penetration. Many attempts have been made to categorize sex positions. Alfred Kinsey categorized six primary positions,[36] but the number of positions that can be used for sex is essentially limitless.[37] Sex manuals usually present a guide to sex positions. Some people are limited by physical disabilities in the sex positions which they may use without pain or other discomfort. Other physical limitations of one or both participants also limit the sex positions which they may adopt. For example, the spoons position is recommended when either partner has back problems; the Starfish position is recommended to achieve orgasms more easily and the missionary position may be uncomfortable for the receiving partner if the weight of the inserting partner, relative to the receiving partner's, is a problem. Also, the standing positions may be unsuitable if there is a significant height difference between the participants.

References
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16. ^ "Pregnancy Resource: Comfortable Sex Positions". Pregnancy-info.net. Retrieved 2010-04-19. 17. ^ "Oral Sex Positions". Sexinfo101.com. Retrieved 2010-04-19. 18. ^ http://www.gaylifeuk.com/gay-sex-guide/rimming.html 19. ^ Morin, J. (1998). Anal pleasure and Health. Oakland, CA: Down there press. 20. ^ Tate, Jordan. (January 9, 2007) The Contemporary Dictionary of Sexual Euphemisms. Publisher St. Martin's Press ISBN 0-312-36298-6 21. ^ William Safire (2009-03-29). "Orgasmic & Orgasmic Meditation". The New York Times. Retrieved 2009-05-05. 22. ^ de Waal FB (1995). "Bonobo sex and society". Sci Am. 272 (3): 828. doi:10.1038/scientificamerican0395-82. PMID 7871411. "Perhaps the bonobo's most typical sexual pattern, undocumented in any other primate, is genito-genital rubbing (or GG rubbing) between adult females. One female facing another clings with arms and legs to a partner that, standing on both hands and feet, lifts her off the ground" 23. ^ Paoli, T.; Palagi, E.; Tacconi, G.; Tarli, S. B. (2006). "Perineal swelling, intermenstrual cycle, and female sexual behavior in bonobos (Pan paniscus)". American Journal of Primatology 68 (4): 333347. doi:10.1002/ajp.20228. PMID 16534808. edit 24. ^ Wojick, Helen (October 2010). "Differences Between Threesomes, Group Sex and Orgies". The Swinger Blog. Retrieved April 15, 2012. 25. ^ "Spit Roast Threesome". collaborative. Urban Dictionary. February 14, 2003. Retrieved April 14, 2012. 26. ^ Duckworth, Ted (November 1996). "Spit Roast Threesome". Retrieved April 14, 2012. 27. ^ "Spit Roast Threesome". The Experience Project. August 27, 2010. Retrieved April 14, 2012. 28. ^ "Lifestyle Definitions - 369". Swinger Social Network. Retrieved April 14, 2012. 29. ^ "Lifestyle Definitions - 469 position". Swinger Social Network. Retrieved April 14, 2012. 30. ^ "Lifestyle Definitions - Bukkake". Swinger Social Network. Retrieved April 14, 2012. 31. ^ "Bukkake". dictionary.com. Retrieved April 14, 2012. 32. ^ "Daisy Chain". Swinger Social Network. 33. ^ "Daisy Chain". Retrieved April 14, 2012. 34. ^ "Double-penetration". Lifestyle Definitions. Swinger Social Network. Retrieved July 23, 2012. 35. ^ "Double vaginal penetration". Lifestyle Definitions. Swinger Social Network. Retrieved July 23, 2012. 36. ^ 6 Positions For Sexual Intercourse - In Order Of Popularity - Sex, Love And Marriage Book of Lists - Canongate Home 37. ^ Rogiere, Jean, "The Little Book of Sex". Ulysses Press. 2001. ISBN 156975305996 pages.

Further reading
Historical

Kama Sutra The Perfumed Garden

Modern

Comfort, Alex; Quilliam, Susan (2008). The Joy of Sex. London: Mitchell Beazley. ISBN 1-84533-429-9. Gillian, Max, The Illustrated Guide to Extended Massive Orgasm. Hunter House. 1st ed., 2002. ISBN 0-89793-362-1, 235 pages. Hooper, Anne J., Sexopedia. DK Publishing. 1st American ed., 2002. ISBN 0-7894-89589, 272 pages. Kemper, Alfred M., Love Couches Design Criteria. Los Angeles 1972. Library of Congress #75-36170, 101 pagesdesign criteria for assistive furniture, with sections on accommodation of disabled persons. McMeel, Andrews and Lisa Sussman, Sex Positions. Carlton Publishing Group. 2002. ISBN 1-84222-266-X, 96 pages. Nerve.com, Position of the Day Playbook, Sex Every Day in Every Way. Chronicle Books. 2005. ISBN 0-8118-4701-2, 376 pages.