Classification of Data Streams Using Adaptive Nave Bayes Algorithm

MODELING OF NOVEL CONTROL STRATEGY USED IN ACTIVE HARMONIC FILTER FOR HARMONIC MITIGATION AND REACTIVE POWER COMPENSATION

VIVEK VORA & RAMANUJAM CADATUR

Bombardier Transportation India Ltd, Vadodara, India

Abstract - An Active harmonic filter is used to eliminate current harmonics caused by nonlinear loads. In this paper a 3phase active harmonic filter based on hysteresis current control scheme is proposed. The proposed control technique is simulated using MATLAB. Simulation study and analysis shows that control technique is simple in implementation and fast in operation. Keywords - Component; Active harmonic filter (AHF), nonlinear load (NLL), Voltage Source Inverter (VSI), PWM, Propotional Integral (PI), Total Harmonic Distortion (THD).

I.

INTRODUCTION

Nowadays solid state power converters are widely used in application such as adjustable speed drive, uninterruptable power supply, Arc and Induction furnaces, and asynchronous AC-DC link in wind generation. These power converters behave as a non linear load to the supply mains. The nonlinear load injects current harmonics to mains and draw reactive component from mains. This injected current harmonics and reactive power component cause low power factor, low efficiency, and poor utilization of distribution system. Injected harmonics cause generation of voltage harmonics when passed through source impedance. Conventionally passive filter composed of L-C were employed to reduce harmonics and improve power factor. This passive filter have disadvantage of larger size, resonance and fixed compensation. However in some application were amplitude and harmonic content of distortion power vary randomly, this conventional solution becomes ineffective. In last couple of decades the concept of Active Harmonic Filter (AHF) has been introduced. There are various control approach for active filtering like, instantaneous power theory, notch filter, flux based controllers [1]-[3], [7], [14]. Most of these control algorithms are difficult to implement, slow in response as many transformation is included. This paper presents a simple algorithm to achieve control of AHF. The control approach is simulated in MATLAB, realization of non linear load is obtain by three phase uncontrolled rectifier with Resistive loading. The algorithm makes the control simple, fast and stable in steady state and transient behavior. II. BASIC CONFIGURATION The basic configuration of active harmonic filter is as shown in fig. 1. AHF is composed of standard 3phase voltage source Inverter Bridge with DC link capacitor to provide an effective current control [6],

[12]. Nonlinear load composed of three phase uncontrolled rectifier with Resistor draws harmonic current from the source. Here IS is the source current, IL is load current and IF is filter compensating current. The AHF is connected in parallel with nonlinear load. AHF calculates the harmonic current from load current. Source voltage synchronization is applied to derive compensating current [9], [10].

Fig. 1 : Basic Configuration of AHF.

Measurement of harmonic signal called total harmonic distortion is expressed mathematically as below.

THD =

I
n =2

2 h

I1

Where Ih is the harmonic current of rank h and I1 is the fundamental current. III. CONTROL ALGORITHM A. Harmonic detection The proposed control algorithm is simple in implementation and fast in operation compared to other control technique for AHF. Block diagram of control scheme is shown in fig. 2. Load current is sensed through current sensor and given as an analog

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Modeling of Novel Control Strategy used in Active Harmonic Filter for harmonic mitigation and reactive power compensation

input to the control algorithm. There are various techniques available for calculating maximum value of fundamental current Im [2], [4], [8]. This control use sin multiplication method to derive Im. Using the maximum value of fundamental current, the instantaneous fundamental current for active and reactive component is calculated. Harmonic current is calculated by subtracting fundamental currents from the load current.

In order to meet the losses in IGBT switching and to stabilize the DC voltage a small active current is drawn from the supply, which is in phase with voltage. For stabilizing the DC voltage a voltage control loop with PI controller is implemented [12]. The Block diagram for the combined voltage control, and current control loop is shown in fig. 5.

Fig. 5 : Combined Voltage-Current Control Loop.

IV. SYSTEM SIMULATION Fig. 6. Shows block diagram of MATLAB simulation model. The values used in simulation are depicted in table. Table 1 : Active filter parameters Sr. No. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5.
E E E + C C C

Fig. 2 : Control algorithm.

B. PWM generation for Voltage source inverter IGBT based voltage source inverter (VSI) is operated in such a way that it will inject harmonic current of 180 out of phase to load harmonic, and draw active current to charge DC link and supply switching losses of IGBTs [6], [12].
C C C

Simulation Parameters Parameter value 230 Supply Voltage VA=VB=VC 50 Supply Frequency Filter inductor Filter Resistor Capacitor Inductor Resistor 1 0.001 10 0.01 0.1

unit Vrms HZ mH mF H m

6. 7.

Fig. 3 : Voltage Source Inverter.

For controlling VSI, hysteresis current control method is applied so as output filter current follow reference current. PI controller ensures smooth control over wide range [10], [11], [15].

In simulation it is assumed that DC Link capacitor is initially charged to a certain value in order to avoid high current at starting. For implementation it can be achieved via soft starting. Switching frequency of the converter is selected to 12.8 KHZ, which fulfill the criteria of realistic approach towards available IGBTs. Filter inductor ensure current to ramp up and down with reduced ripple level.

L =

V dc V m I m 0

where

0 = 2 f

C =
Fig. 4 : Current Control Loop using PI.

Im % ripple V DC 0 2

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Modeling of Novel Control Strategy used in Active Harmonic Filter for harmonic mitigation and reactive power compensation

Fig. 6 : Simulation model

.
Fig. 7 (a) Load current and Source Current.

Fig. 8 (b) THD Spectrum with AHF

Fig. 7 (b) Calculated Harmonic Current and Filter Current

Fig. 9 : DC Link Voltage.

Fig. 8 (a) : THD Spectrum without AHF.

Comparative analysis of THD with and without AHF is depicted in table below. It can be seen that THD is reducing drastically from 27.53% to 5.91%.

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Modeling of Novel Control Strategy used in Active Harmonic Filter for harmonic mitigation and reactive power compensation

TABLE : % HARMONIC CONTENT OF SUPPLY CURRENT Harmonic Order 5th 7

th th th

[9]

Without AHF (%) 22.99 9.92 7.94 5.28 4.31 2.84 2.45 1.53 27.53

With AHF (%) 2.32 1.18 2.39 0.54 2.16 0.05 1.79 0.38 5.91

H. Abaali, M. T. Lamchich, and M. Raoufi. Shunt Power Active Filter Control under Non Ideal Voltages Conditions International Journal of Information Technology Vol. 2. Nov. 3 2005 ISSN 1305-239X. S. Kumar Jaim, P.Agarwal, and H. O. Gupta, A Control algorithm for compensation of customer-generated harmonics and reactive power, IEEE Trans. On Power Delivery, Vol. 19, no. 1, pp. 357-366, Jan 2004. Johann F. Petit, Hortensia Amaris and Guillermo Robles, Control Schemes for Shunt active filters to mitigate harmonics injected by inverter-fed motors. Unpublished. M. P. Kazmierkowski and M. A. Dzieniakowski, Review of Current regulation techniques for three-phase pwm inveretes, Industrial Electronics, Control and Instrumentation, 1994. IECON 94. 20th International Conference. Vol. 1, pp. 567-575, Sept 1994. H. Fujita, H. Akagi, The Unified Power Flow Conditioner: The Integration of series and shunt Active Filters, IEEE Transaction on Power Electronics, Vol. 13, No. 2, pp. 315-322, 1998. N. G. Hingorani, L. Gyugyi, Understanding Facts: Concepts and Technology of Flexible AC Transmission Systems, Wiley-IEEE Press, 1999. Helder J. Azevedo, Jose M. Ferreira, Antonio P. Martins, Adriano S. Carvalho, Direct Current Control of an Active Power Filter for Harmonic Elimination, Power Factor Correction and Load Unbalancing Compensation, Unpublished.

[10]

11 13 19 25

[11]

17th
th

[12]

23th
th

THD V. CONCLUSION

[13]

The proposed control scheme for active harmonic filter has high performance characteristic. Simulation results shows performance of AHF is quite satisfactory with this control, it reduces the THD value to less than 6%, and maintain sinusoidal source current. The control is efficient and simple for implementation. REFERENCES
[1] J. Jacobs, D. O. Detjen, R. W. De Doncker, An overview of methods to determine the harmonics in three-phase systems, IEEE Young Researchers Symposium in Electrical Power Engineering Distributed Generation, 2002. N. Mendalek. Al-Haddad, F. Fnaiech, L.A. Dessaint, Sliding mode control of 3-phase 3-wire shunt active filter in the dq frame. Proc. Of Electrical and Computer Engineering 2001 Vol. 2, 2001, pp.765-769. H. Rudnick, J. Dixon, L. Moran, Active power filters as a solution to power quality problems in distribution networks, Toulouse EPE 2003. Chandra, A., Singh, B., Singh, B. N., Al-Haddad, K., An Improved Control Algorithm of Shunt Active Filter for Voltage Regulation, Harmonic Elimination, Power-factor Correction and Balancing of Nonlinear Loads,IEEE Transaction on Power Electronics, Vol. 15, No. 3, pp. 495507, 2000. Salo M., Tussa H., A Novel Open-Loop Control Method for a Current-Source Active power Filter, IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics, Vol. 50, No. 2, pp. 313-321, 2003. H. Akagi, A. Nabae and S. Atoh, Control Strategy of Active Power Filter using Multiple Voltage-Source PWM Converters, IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications, Vol. 22, No. 3, May-June 1986, pp460-465. H. Sasaki and T. Machida, A New Method to Eliminate AC Harmonic Current by Magnetic Flux Compensation, IEEE Trans. Power Appl. Syst., Vol. PAS-90, No. 5, pp. 2009-2019, 1971. Ali Ajami, Seyed Hossein Hosseini, Implementation of a Novel Control Strategy for Shunt Active Filter ECTI Transaction on Electrical Engg., Electronics, and Communications Vol. 4, NO. 1, Feb 2006.

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