ROADMs & Control Plane for Research & Educational Networks

Terena NGN Workshop, April 4, 2008, Munich Thomas Schneider Business Development Manager EMEA

Agenda
NRENs ROADMs and Open GMPLS Control Plane ROADMs and 40G

2008 ADVA Optical Networking. All rights reserved. ADVA confidential.

National Research & Educational Networks

NRENs A quick Technical Analysis
Reach w/o 3R: 10002000 km Capacity: 40 wavelengths typically High bit-rate services
10G LAN PHY, STM-64 40G required today 100G already considered InfiniBand may come up

Flexibility requirements
Control Plane, UNI/NNI, possibly support for UEN/UCLP ROADMs (Degree-8)

2008 ADVA Optical Networking. All rights reserved. ADVA confidential.

Agenda
NRENs ROADMs and Open GMPLS Control Plane ROADMs and 40G

2008 ADVA Optical Networking. All rights reserved. ADVA confidential.

ROADM Architectures
Mux / Switch / Demux
Switches VOA 1 N . . . N Add / Drop 1 . . . N 1 N Drop

Broadcast and Select

N 3dB WB 3dB

N Add

Switched (WSS)
N 1 x N WSS 1 Drop N 1 x N WSS 1 Add N N

Switched (iPLC)
3dB 1 x N iPLC 1 1 N Drop N Add

WB: Wavelength Blocker, WSS: Wavelength-Selective Switch

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Degree-N ROADM
OMS (West) ROADM Single WDM Channels OMS (East)

Degree-2 ROADM

...

...

N S

N W

S E

Higher-Degree ROADM

N k x N WSS 1 N k x N WSS 1 N

Higher-Degree ROADM based on WSS

Drop

Add

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iPLC-based ROADM
Common Input Drop Output Express Output AWG MUX AWG DMX

Common Output

VOA

Switch

Express Input

Monitor PD Add Inputs

Attenuation

AWG leads to typical filter characteristic

...

Spectral Characteristic
Wavelength

Channel Selectivity

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Higher-Degree ROADM: MEMS

Mechanical switches (MEMS) Multi-degree switching possible (In1/2/N Out) Spectral Characteristic (Flat Top)
In 1 Mirror Array In N f [GHz] Insertion Loss

Out

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ROADM (and GMPLS) Applications

Re-configure the network
Adapt to changing network and customers requirements (slow) Protection and restoration (meshed networks!) (fast)

Enabled through GMPLS Control Plane:

Topology discovery (routing), signalling, path computation Management of connections between GMPLS nodes

Access to any channel anywhere single-channel add/drop Enable centralized L3 networks (with single L3 hub) Power level equalization, increase of transparent field lengths Increased visibility of installed infrastructure

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Equalization with ROADMs

Pre-Amplifier

Drop

Dynamic Channel Equalizer

Post-Amplifier Add

+6dBm

0dBm

Enabled through monitor taps, VOAs/SCEs, and Control Plane signaling Can eliminate up to 5dB of ripple/tilt
1 ... N

Necessary / enabler for regional installations

1 ... N

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Network Re-configurations
Offloading Core Routers
Its difficult to share / re-use transponders or colored client I/Fs
T T T T

Flexible Add/Drop Transponders

ROADM
Total Capacity
140%

Network Capacity
Ring
120%

Passthru

Mesh

Large Large Core Core Ring Ring

100% 0%

10%

20%

30%

40%

50%

Relative Amount of dynamic Paths

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Centralized Layer-3
Centralized L3 Device Client Client

Single-channel Add/Drop of any Channel anywhere

Logical IP topology

Client

Client

Client

Photonic transmission gear is protocol and bit rate agnostic No need to provide protocol gateways for L3 at client sites
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Restoration
W1 (failed) W6

All-optical Lambda conversion

LOA LOA SOA SOA CW CW

W2 Restored Traffic W3 W4

W5 MEMS
Switch

(Red-shifted) IL

Matrix
LOA Linear Optical Amplifier

Fast, distributed topology discovery, signalling, routing but ROADMs can provide a restoration path through a network, but today they do not perform the end-to-end switch-over ROADMs may need to provide wavelength conversion Uncertainty w.r.t. link length complex link engineering

13

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RAYcontrol GMPLS Control Plane

Intelligent optical networking
Provisioning
Simplified, automated Agile, fast (auto-discovery, signalling, routing) Integrated network management (synchronized databases)

Network efficiency
Higher asset utilization Automated network inventory and reuse Efficient restoration
UNI

Connection Controller (CC)

NNI

Control Plane CCI

UNI NNI

Forwarding Plane

Network evolution
Interoperability New services and operation modes (UEN, UCLP) New architectures (true meshes)

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Control Plane Building Blocks

Routing
OSPF (reachability) OSPF-TE (traffic engineering) GMPLS-OSPF (optical extensions) IETF standard link-state routing protocol Supports link auto-discovery; extended for GMPLS Supports network-wide synchronization; do.

Signaling
RSVP (reservations) RSVP-TE (tunnel LSP setup) GMPLS-RSVP (optical extensions) IETF standard soft-state signaling protocol Supports hop-by-hop signaling; extended for GMPLS Supports resource reservation and configuration; do.

Path Computation
Shortest Path (Dijkstra) Kth-Shortest Path (Yen) Constrained Shortest Path, CSPF How to get from Ingress point to Egress point? Services have many characteristics that affect path selection CSPF, adds constraints to standard Dijkstra algorithm

15

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ROADM Support
End-to-End Service Power Equalization
ROADMs include per-wavelength power monitoring Optical services may traverse multiple ROADM nodes Nodes equalize automatically in sequence, GMPLS-controlled

Multi-Degree Optical Switching

MD-ROADMs, when deployed in a mesh, lead to an exponential increase in available paths MD-ROADM enables pure OOO switching
Wavelengths are not converted, ingress / egress waves must match Additional constraint considered in CSPF path selection

16

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Path Setup
A B
E1 R1 E4 E3 E2 R2

D
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Equalization Process
Path Setup phase
Path

[1549.32]
Ingress Equipment Set data rate Set protection Connect add Connect drop

[1549.32]
Transit Equipment Connect UP DN Connect DN UP

[1533.47]
3R Equipment Set UP data rate Set DN data rate Enable UP trib Enable DN trib Connect UP/drop Connect DN/add Connect DN/drop Connect UP/add

[1560.61] Resv
Egress Equipment Set data rate Set service type Set protection Enable line port Enable trib port

followed by Path Equalize phase

[DN EQ] [DN EQ] [DN EQ] [DN EQ]

[UP EQ]

[UP EQ] Data Flow

[UP EQ]

[UP EQ]

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GELS Ethernet Support

GMPLS-controlled Ethernet Label Switching
Ethernet as just another transport technology
VLAN or VLAN+MAC becomes GMPLS label Labels identify end-to-end path, distributed via signaling Ethernet services become regular GMPLS tunnels

Integrates Ethernet into GMPLS management framework

Same tools (routing, signaling) used by optical GMPLS Eliminates need for other control mechanisms (RSTP, etc.)

Benefits
Traffic Engineering for Ethernet explicit control over path Automation 802.1ad/ah (PB, PBB) forwarding tables populated via CP signaling rather than manually

19

2008 ADVA Optical Networking. All rights reserved. ADVA confidential.

Agenda
NRENs ROADMs and Open GMPLS Control Plane ROADMs and 40G

20

2008 ADVA Optical Networking. All rights reserved. ADVA confidential.

40 Transmission Constraints
Linear Effects
Attenuation, leading to noise (ASE) 6dB less sensitivity* Chromatic Dispersion, CD worsen by factor 16* Polarization-Mode Dispersion, PMD worsen by factor 4*

Nonlinear Effects (SPM, XPM, FWM, SRS, SBS)

Added signal distortion
Number of Spans [a.u.]

Interaction with CD Nonlinear crosstalk

it Li m

nNo lin ea

CD is getting worse by a factor of 100 (100G vs. 10G)

*) 40G NRZ as compared to 10G NRZ

oi se

This is getting even worse for 100G!

rL im

Launched Channel Power [a.u.]

it

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40G Modulation Format Comparison

Im Duobinary Im CSRZ Im DPSK Im PolMuxDQPSK

Re

Re

Re

Re

OSNR(1) CD(2) PMD(3) SPM / NL Phase Noise 50GHz ROADMs(4) Upgrade(5)

~16dB 150ps/nm 2.5ps 0 + + 0dB +

(2) w/o TDC

~15dB 50ps/nm 3.5ps + + 4dB +

(3) 1dB Penalty

~12.5dB 50ps/nm 2.5ps 0 0 0 3dB 0

(4) Penalty for 6 ROADMs

~13.5dB >5000ps/nm >10ps + 0dB

(5) of 10G NRZ OOK

(1) Back-to-Back @ BER=1E-3

22

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Comparison of 40G Techniques

40G CSRZ Application Regional links Area w/ only few ROADMs but medium-hi PMD requirements, upgrades of 10G 40G Duobinary Metro core and regional links with many ROADMs, upgrades of 10G 40G DPSK Regional and long-haul links with only few ROADMs, careful with LH 10G overlay 40G PM-DQPSK Long-haul with ROADMs and high PMD, careful with LH 10G overlay, accumulated phase noise, non-linearity
RZ-DPSK 50%RZ (OOK) CSRZ-DQPSK

Power [dB]

-20 -40 -60 2 1 0 1 2

NRZ-Duobinary CSRZ (OOK) NRZ (OOK)

Normalized Frequency
23

Normalized Frequency

2008 ADVA Optical Networking. All rights reserved. ADVA confidential.

ADVA 40G and ROADM References

Vertically Integrated Optical testbed for Large Applications
Kln
Alcatel 40G 40G 10G Siemens hiT7070 ADVA ADVA 40G ADVA 4x10G

Implementation 2004 - 2007 Purpose Test of advanced network features

St. Augustin
ADVA ADVA 40G ADVA 4x10G 40G Siemens OTS4040 10G Siemens OTS4010

Applications 10GbE LAN PHY, GFP, and 40G tests Key performance Early availability of relevant future features

Implementation 2005 Purpose High-end test-bed Applications eVLBI (Radio astronomy), HD Video Key features Open GMPLS Control Plane Multi-degree ROADMs
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Thank You!

TSchneider@ADVAoptical.com
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