1

A load is suspended from a vertical spring and set into simple harmonic motion about its equilibrium position.
energy Total energy

(b) Explain what is meant by elastic potential energy.

[2]
(ii) (i) (iii) mass displacement lowest point equilibrium highest point

(c)

A light helical spring is fixed at its bottom end, as shown in Fig. 2.1. The natural length of the spring L o is 40.0 cm.

L o = 40.0 cm Which of the following gives the best description of the graphs (i), (ii) and (iii)? (i) A elastic potential energy B gravitational potential energy C elastic potential energy D gravitational potential energy (ii) kinetic energy elastic potential energy gravitational potential energy kinetic energy (iii) gravitational potential energy Fig. 2.1 kinetic energy kinetic energy elastic potential energy

Different masses are placed on top of the spring. The weight W of the mass and the length L of the spring are noted. The spring undergoes elastic change throughout the experiment and it obeys Hookes Law. The variation of the weight W with length L is shown in Fig. 2.2.
250 200

2 (a)

(i)

By using the equations of motion, show that the kinetic energy EK of an object travelling with speed v is given by

150 100

Force / N

1 EK = mv2 2

50 0 0.0 -50 -100 -150 -200 10.0 20.0 30.0 40.0 50.0 60.0

[2]
(ii) Explain what is meant by kinetic energy.

-250

Length / cm
Fig. 2.2 (i)

On Fig. 2.2, sketch a graph of spring force Fs against length L.

[1]

[1]

(ii) Determine the work done by the spring when the spring is compressed from its natural length to a length of 30.0 cm.

(i)

Assume that the gravitational potential energy is 0 J when length L = 40.0 cm. Take g = 10 m s2. When the sphere is instantaneously at rest, determine the gravitational potential energy of the sphere,

1.

work done by spring = _________ J [2] gravitational potential energy = ________ J [2]
(iii) Hence, state the elastic potential energy in the spring when it is compressed from its natural length to a length of 30.0 cm. 2.

and the elastic potential energy in the spring.

elastic potential energy = _________ J [1]

(d) The weight is removed and a sphere of mass 5.00 kg is dropped from a height of h vertically above the top of the spring.

elastic potential energy = ________ J [3]

(ii) On Fig. 2.3, draw two lines to represent the variation of the gravitational potential energy of the sphere and the elastic potential energy in the spring with length L, respectively. Label your graphs as GPE and EPE.

When the sphere is in contact with the spring, the kinetic energy of the sphere is determined and plotted in the graph of energy against length L, as shown in Fig. 2.3.
25.0

[3]
(iii) State and explain the energy transformations that occur from the instant the sphere comes into contact with the spring to the instant the spring is compressed to a length of 35.0 cm and then to the instant when the sphere is instantaneously at rest.

20.0 15.0

Energy / J

10.0 5.0

0.0 0.0 -5.0 10.0 20.0 30.0 40.0 50.0 60.0

[3]
-10.0 -15.0

Length / cm

Fig. 2.3

A pendulum bob of mass 5.0 kg is projected at a speed of 8.0 m s-1 at the top of a vertical circle as shown in the diagram below. The radius of the circular path is 1.50 m.
8.0 m s
-1

A small object of mass m is suspended from a fixed point O by a light, inextensible cord. The object is raised until the cord is horizontal and then released. It moves in an arc of a circle as shown in the figure.

When it passes through its lowest position at point P, the tension in the cord is
A zero
40
o

mg

2mg

3mg

5
P

Two objects X and Y are given the same initial displacement and are then released. The graphs show the variation with time t of their displacements s. Object X
s s

(a)

Calculate the speed of the bob when it reaches point P. 1 1 2 mv i + mgh = mv 2 2 2 1 1 (8.0) 2 + (9.81)(1.50 + 1.50 cos 40 ) = v 2 [M1] 2 2

Object Y

v = 10.8ms 1

t 0 0

[A1]

speed = ..................................... m s-1 [2]

(b)

Determine the tension at point P.

F = ma F=m v2 r

X and Y are then subjected to driving forces of the same constant amplitude and of variable frequency f. Which of the following set of graphs represents the variation with f of the amplitudes A of X and Y?

T (5.00)(9.81) cos 40 =
T = 424N

(5.00)(10.77) 2 [1] 1.50

A
A A

B
A

C
A

[1] tension = ..................................... N [2]

X X Y

(c)

State and explain where the string is most likely to break.

fo

f fo

f fo

f fo

.................................................................................................................................. ............................................................................................................................. [2]