STRUCTURAL CONVERSION FOR REPHRASING

Comparison Examples: She is kinder than his brother His brother is not as kind as she is. She is more intelligent than his brother. His brother is not so intelligent as she is. (so, cuando la primera frase es negativa). Exercises: 1. He works harder than I do. I dont ______________________________________ 2. I am not as tall as she is She is _______________________________________ 3. He is better at mathematics than I am I am ________________________________________

Examples: before.

His attitude to life is not the same as it was

His attitude to life is different from what it was before. Exercises: 1. The situation now is different from what it was five years ago. Five years ago, the situation was not _______________ 2. At university, you wont meet the same sort of people as the ones you are used to in a village.

The people you meet at university will be ___________ ______________________________________________ 3. In what way is it not the same as you expected? In what way __________________________________ Examples: He works in an engineering firm, like me/ like his father. He works in an engineering firm, as I do/ as his father does. Exercises: _______________ 2. They are going to Brighton for their holidays, as we are. They are going to Brighton for their holidays, ________ 3. I study hard, like him. I study hard, __________________________________ 1. He plays football for England, as his father did. He plays football for England, like

Examples:

As I get older, I become more irritable. The older I get, the more irritable I become.

Exercises:

1. If you go on eating so much, you will get father. The more

_____________________________________ 2. As the game went on, the players become more exhausted. The longer ____________________________________

Examples:

Hes the rudest man Ive ever met.

 Ive never met such a rude man. This is such a big house! This house is so big! Exercises: 1. Its the most enjoyable holiday Ive ever had. Ive _________________________________________ 2. Ive never read such an interesting book. Its _________________________________________ 3. Its the best film Ive ever seen. Ive _________________________________________ If and unless (unless generally means if..not) Examples: Well be late unless the train arrives on time. Well be late if the trains doesnt arrive on time. Exercises: in. Unless ______________________________________ 2. You cant take the examination unless you pay the fee. You cant take the examination ___________________ 3. Unless you apologise, Ill ring my lawyer. Ill ring my lawyer _____________________________ 1. If he doesnt tell us who he is, we wont let him

Gerund and it + Infinitive (the gerund form is preferred at the beginning of the sentence. The infinitive is essential when we begin the sentence with an impersonal subject, it, -except with Its worth, Its no use)

Examples:

Remembering grammatical rules is something difficult. It is sometimes difficult to remember grammatical rules. After adjectives always to+inf. Its worth + ing. Its no use + ing.

Exercises: money.

1. Marrying for love is better than marrying for It

__________________________________________ 2. Meeting interesting people is always a pleasure. It __________________________________________ 3. It is dangerous to walk on railway. ___________________________________ dangerous.

It and coordinated relative clauses Examples: He made a fuss about nothing, which was stupid. It was stupid of him to make a fuss about nothing.

Exercises:

1. He solved the puzzle in five minutes, which was clever of him.

It____________________________________________ 2. They didnt invite her to dinner, which was hurtful.

It ___________________________________________ 3. It was unkind of her to take the childs toys away from him. She __________________________________________

Present perfect and past tenses: for, since and ago. Examples: The last time I saw her was in 1978. I havent seen her since 1978. Clues For: present perfect Since: past simple and present perfect Ago: past simple Ex: I have worked here - since September. - for 7 months. - since 7 months ago.

Examples:

The last came here at the end of June. He hasnt come here since the end of June.

Exercises:

1. I havent played tennis since December. The last time

__________________________________ 2. The last time she travelled by air was in March.

She hasnt ____________________________________ 3. We havent heard from them since 1990. We last _______________________________________

Examples:

The last time I saw her was seven years ago. I havent seen her for seven years. He last came here six months ago. He hasnt came here for six months.

Exercises:

1. He has not been to see his mother for ages. He last

_______________________________________ 2. I last played tennis nine months ago. The last ______________________________________ 3. I havent heard from her for some time. The last ______________________________________

Examples:

I havent seen her for seven years. Its seven years since I last saw her.

Exercises:

1. Its many years since we last met. We havent

___________________________________ 2. Hes been away from school for six weeks. Its __________________________________________ 3. Its a long time since they wrote to us.

They havent___________________________________ Although, though and even though Examples: Although- he played brilliantly, he still lost the match. ThoughEven though In spite of- playing brilliantly, he still lost the match. DespiteExercises: 1. We went on playing, although it was raining. Despite ______________________________________ 2. In spite of the increase in production, we have not made a profit. Although _____________________________________ 3. They werent able to get into the cinema, despite having queued for an hour. Even though __________________________________ Impersonal construction: It said, etc. Examples: It is expected that the President will arrive tomorrow. The President is expected to arrive tomorrow. Its said that the robbers are hiding in this area. The robber are said to be hiding in this area. Its believed that the murder occurred at 3 oclock. The murder is believed to have occurred at 3 oclock. Exercises: 1. It is thought that the pilot lost his way in the fog.

The pilot _____________________________________ 2. A lot of people are thought to be involved in the affair. Its __________________________________________ 3. The robbers were thought to have used this car to make their scape. It was ________________________________________

Because and because of Examples: They were unable to play because it was raining. They were unable to play because of the rain. DespiteExercises: 1. They refused to fly because it was foggy. Because

of____________________________________

May and Might Examples: Perhaps he will come tomorrow. He may come tomorrow. Maybe he knows the answer. He may know the answer. Its just possible that he - is working in the garden. - hasnt heard the phone.

 He might - be working in the garden. - not have heard the phone. Exercises: 1. Perhaps she hasnt received our letter. She _________________________________________ 2. Its just possible that he is waiting for you to ring him. He __________________________________________ 3. Maybe their train is late. Their ________________________________________

Active and passive forms Examples: A croud of 50,000 people are watching the match. The math is being watched by a crowd of 50,000. You can pay they tickets by cheque or in cash. The tickets can be paid by cheque or in cash. Exercises: 1. We are considering her application for the job. Her application

_______________________________ 2. You should not post your application form later than 10th August. Your application form ___________________________ _______________________________________________ 3. They did not send him a copy of the contract. He __________________________________________

not only and both Examples: Both the management and the staff are in favour of the changes. Not only the management but also the staff are in favour of the changes. Exercises: 1. Not only the Government but also the Opposition voted in favour.

Both_________________________________________ 2. The tragedy is that not only the negatives but also the films were destroyed. The tragedy is that ______________________________ _______________________________________________ 3. His success depends both on hard work and on good business sense. His success depends ____________________________ ______________________________________________ I wish / if only Examples: Its a pity they cant come. I wish / If only they could come. Its a pity they live so far away. I wish / If only they didnt live so far away. Exercises: 1. Its a pity you dont earn more money. If _______ / I _________________________________ 2. Its a pity this dress costs so much.

If _______ / I _________________________________ 3. Its such a nice day! Its a pity we cant go to the beach. Its such a nice day! If _______ / I ________________ ______________________________________________

Examples:

Its a pity you werent here to see the show. I wish you had been here to see the show. (If only no se usa con el Past Perfect) Its a pity they left the party so early. It was rather boring afterwards. I wish they hadnt left the party so early.

Exercises:

1. Its a pity we have lost contact with them. I

____________________________________________ 2. Its a pity I didnt take your advice. I ____________________________________________ 3. Its a pity they didnt invite more people. I ____________________________________________

Examples:

(Conditional solo par hablar de cosas que nos enfadan mucho).

 Why do you always drop your cigarette ash on the carpet? I wish you wouldnt always drop your cigarette ash on the carpet! Why dont you look where are you going? I wish you would look where youre going! Exercises: 1. Why dont you pay attention to what Im saying? I ____________________________________________ 2. Why arent you more careful? I ____________________________________________ 3. Why doesnt the Government do something about unemployment? I ____________________________________________

Lets Examples: Its a splendid idea to go to the beach. Lets go to the beach. It would be a shame if we quarrelled. Lets not quarrel!