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Published by the Ukrainian National Association Inc
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Vol. L No. 33
rainian THE UKRAINIAN WEEKLY SUNDAY, AUGUST 15,1982 25 cents
Official testifies on
Brezhnev, Soviet generals at odds over disarmament Soviet violations of
MOSCOW - Although Soviet really mean no first use if the Soviet strategy is defensive — implying that
President Leonid Brezhnev has re Union found itself with its back new weapons are not needed quite so
cently tried hard to gain a reputation
as a peacemaker, President Ronald
against the wall.
Although Mr. Ustinov is a civilian
urgently as Marshal Orgakov sug
gests.
weapons ban
Reagan has consistently outpaced bureaucrat despite his military title, Although the rift may appear
him in concrete proposals on limit his job is to keep the interests of the minor, quite often apparently small WASHINGTON - In a July 13
ing nuclear arms, and one reason military establishment and the Com differences in the usually uniform address to a House subcommittee, Rear
may be that the aging Soviet leader is munist Party on an even plane. Yet Soviet line should be read as major Adm. Jonathan T. Howe, director of
facing resistance from the Soviet the timing of his article, and the fact ones. American experts suggest that the Bureau of Politico-Military Affairs,
military establishment. that it took some of the luster away defense currently takes a 14 to 16 accused the Soviet Union of using
from Mr. Brezhnev's proposal, seems percent chunk of the Soviet's gross chemical and toxin weapons in Af
For example, Mr. Brezhnev's ghanistan and Southeast Asia, and said
latest disarmament offer does not go to indicate that the Soviet military's national product. Mr. Brezhnev and
top brass may be disgruntled by the his allies are looking for ways to that the Soviets are the greatest obstacle
as far as many Western experts to an effective treaty banning such
thought it might, and does little to Kremlin's disarmament initiatives. prune the total budget. Clearly,
Marshal Orgakov's is an attempt to weapons.
back up Mr. Brezhnev's earlier pro Ripples of military discontent
have broken the apparent unity of protect the military budget. Testifying before the House Subcom
mise that the Soviets would.not be
Soviet defense policy before. In 1974 mittee on International Security and
the first to use nuclear weapons. The
some senior military men were un Another factor in the split has to Scientific Affairs, Rear Adm. Howe
United States has proposed, in the
happy about the Vladivostok accord do with the Soviet weapons system. said that the Soviets are continuing "to
START negotiations, the scrapping
between Mr. Brezhnev and President It is getting old, and the government strengthen their military chemical
of all but 850 American and 830
Gerald Ford, which set guidelines for now must decide on the next genera warfare capability'' and have used the
Soviet long-range missiles. The Soviet
the abortive Salt II treaty. Specifi tion of missies. Their decision would weapons in direct violation of a host of
leader's counter-offer would' leave
cally, they did not much like the fact be easier, experts agree, if a set of international agreements.
each side with 1,800 long-range
missiles and bombers, that total being that it clamped equal ceilings on both arms-control agreements were set. It
would also be cheaper if missiles were The Geneva Protocol of 1925 prohi
mostly missiles. And even that cut Soviet and American missies, where bits the use of asphyxiating, poisonous,
would take place only if NATO as under Salt I the Soviets had been cut back on both sides. But, as
Marshal Orgakov points out, deci or other gases and of biological methods
scrapped its plan to deploy some new allowed to stay ahead of the United of warfare Although the treaty only
medium-range missiles in Europe to States. Nor were they happy that Salt sions on new weapons take 10 to 12
years to bear fruit, and he wants bans the use of chemical weapons and
right the nuclear imbalance there. II failed to count either American not their possession, the 1972 Biological
forward-based nuclear weapons in those decisions made immediately.
Although Mr. Brezhnev probably Weapons Convention prohibits the
Europe or the British and French Tied in with the years involved to manufacture and storage of such wea
has some genuine problems with the
nuclear forces. make such a decision is the factor of pons.
American proposal, The Economist
recently reported that he may be The fact that Mr. Ustinov said jn Mr. Brezhnev's age and failing health. Rear Adm. Howe said that the aim of
having more trouble with his generals Pravda that this time these weapons Until his successor is safely installed the United States is "the achievement of
over the need to pare down Soviet' will be countered must be good news in the Kremlin, there are those in the a new, multilateral treaty that bans
nuclear capabilities. to Soviet generals. But in a book Soviet hierarchy who would like to chemical weapons altogether and re
A hint of this, conflict appeared recently published in the USSR, the forestall any arms agreement with quires effective verification and com
recently in the July 12 issue of chief of the Soviet general staff, the United States. If Marshal Or pliance."
Pravda. Barely three weeks after Mr. Marshal Nikolai Orgakov, criticized gakov has his way, arms control and But he added: "The critical obstacle
Brezhnev's message to the United what he called the USSR's "defen cuts in the defense budget will be low to forward movement has been Soviet
Nations pledging no first use of sive" strategy before World War II, on the list of Soviet priorities. As The intransigence on verification and com
nuclear weapons by the USSR, his and went on to argue for new and Economist put it, unless Mr. Brezhnev pliance issues."
defense minister, Marshal Dmitri more powerful weapons now. But can convince the generals to work
with him, not against him, his peace Since U.S.-Soviet negotiations on the
Ustinov, took a whole page in Pravda Marshal Ustinov insists in his Pravda subject lapsed in a deadlock in mid-
to explain why no first use would not story that the Soviet Union's nuclear making chance could pass him by.
1980, Rear Adm. Howe indicated that
the United States is now focusing its
attention on the U.N. Committee on
Metropolitan Mstyslav visits ODUMcamp Disarmament meetings in Geneva,
whose role it is to develop multilateral
arms-control agreements.
і
The review, under the headline "U- warn us to keep our distance. Works
krainian native's oils demonstrate that focus on other types of plant life,
\т
ллш " Шл ^ИЕ marked affinity for colorful cacti," such as honeysuckles and birches, use
praises the artist for the "highly decora tangled vines or bare, twisted tree
tive quality" of her work, which for this branches to relay the same message."
exhibit depicts various forms of flora,
МИШІ, l j most notably cacti. Ms. Watkins also praises the artist's
"Olenska-Petryshyn's painting style composition and the dynamism of her
ІЯ BPV
is nearly flat, achieving a sense of depth
mainly through her skillful graduations
of color," writes Ms. Watkins. "Her
work: "The plants have such a dynamic
quality that, in some compositions, they
seem to climb up the sides or spill over
colors also contribute to the general the edges of the canvas."
sense of lushness in her gardens. While Ms. Olenska-Petryshyn's show will
most of us picture cacti as dull, grayish hang at the museum until August 22,
things, this artist sees them in a range of and black-and-white etchings by the
brilliant greens, as well as in blue, pink artist are currently on exhibit at the
and lavender. Occasional red and Nabisco Gallery in East Hanover, N.J.
ИкЕ/ ііЯВІШж 'ШШШШЛ
Nominee Frank Stuban (far right) being congratulated by (from left): State Sea.
Eugene A. Skowronskl; Bishop Basil Lost en of Stamford; Judge Joann Klley
Kulawiz; and Orest Dubno, tax commissioner. University of Manitoba announces
ANSONIA, Conn. - Frank Stuban,
a community activist in this area, has
States 30 years ago from Ukraine. For 1981-82 student achievement awards
the past 23 years, he has worked at Lord
recently captured the Democratic nomi Corporation of Shelton, Conn. WINNIPEG - The Department of In addition, Olga Kandia,. won the
nation for the 105th House District seat. Slavic Studies at the University of Anastasia Sawula Prize (S100) and S50
Mr. Stuban, a laborer, won the bid He and his wife, Helen, have three Manitoba recently announced that the from the Ratuski Memorial Prize.
over Frederick D. Stanek, a lawyer, by a children — Steven, 23, a graduate of following students have merited them Maria Semegen won the Wasyl Swy-
5 to 4 margin. Mr. Stuban was nomi West Point who is now a first lieutenant selves awards for having obtained high stun Prize in Ukrainian Studies (S100);
nated by delegate Paul Pawlak of in the Army; Susan, 21, a graduate of standing in courses that they took Larysa Rozumna, the Ukrainian Na
Seymour, Conn., who described him as the Merchant Marine Academy, and during the 1981-82 academic year: tional Association of America Prize
"the right candidate to represent the Lydia, 20, a sophomore at West Point. Anna Plehova, William Fedorus Scho (S150); J. Prokopowich, Ukrainian
working men and women of the state." larship (S250); Alexandra Pawlowska, National Association of America Prize
The nomination was seconded by An- Mr. Stuban was born on December M. I. Mandryka Scholarship (S200), (S100) and S50 from the Ukrainian
sonia Mayor James J. Finnucan. 20, 1922 in Berezok, Ukraine, the son of Natalie Schur, Ukrainian Professional Professional A Business Club of Winni
He will face incumbent State Rep. Maksym and Maria (nee Pikulicka) A Business Club of Winnipeg Inc., peg Inc.
Warren G. Sarasin. (R) in November. Stuban. (S150); Shirley Yakimchuk, "Prosvita" " Dolores Gatherum was awarded S150
After Mr. Stuban received the Demo Aside from a long interest in politics, Reading Association Memorial Prize from the Ukrainian Professional A
cratic nomination, he thanked his Mr. Stuban, a graduate of the Berlitz (S150); Stephanie Lutyj, Ratuski Me Business Club of Winnipeg Inc., while
supporters and called for unity within School of Choreography in England morial Prize (S150); Ann Mycnajlyszyn, Danny Mark Lee, won SI50 from the
the party. He told the party convention: (1951-52), maintains an avid interest in Antoni and' Helen Rudan Memorial same group.
"I want to do something for America. Ukrainian dance. He organized and Bursary (SI00) and S50fromthe "Pros- Orysia Zenchuk received S150 from
This country has done so much for me." choreographed several ensembles over vita" Reading Association Memorial the Women's Association of Canada
Mr. Stuban arrived in the United the years. Prize. League for the Liberation of Ukraine.
No. 33 THE UKRAINIAN WEEKLY SUNDAY. AUGUST 15. 1982 5
Obituary
Michael Gudzik, UNA activist
WESTPORT, Conn. - Michael ed Farms Fair for the Newington
Gudzik, a member of the UNA since Children's Hospital. ^.
1927, died here in Norwalk Hospital on Mr. Gudzik was a member of UNA
July 20. He was 87. Branch 84 in-Southport
Born in Ukraine, Mr. Gudzik was the
son of John and Mary (nee Wanat) In addition to his wife, Katherine
Gudzik. He had been a Westport resi Marushak Gudzik, he is survived by one
dent for 72 years. son, John of Westport; two daughters,
Active in community life, he was the Rozan Westlud of West Haven and
founder of the Ukrainian American Mary Kowalski of Greens Farms; eight
Club of Southport and was the past grandchildren, and three great-grand
president of the Ukrainian Sick Benefit children.
Society. He was also a member of the Services were held at the Lewis
Greens Farms Volunteer Fire Co., the Funeral Home and in the Assumption
55-Year Club of the Aluminum Com Church. Interment was in Willowbrook
pany of America, and the 01d-Fashion- Cemetery. P inalists in the mixed doubles competition.
THE UKRAINIAN WEEKLY SUNDAY, AUGUST 15, 1982 No. 33
Ukrainian Weekly Will the Red Army take over the USSR?
NEW YORK - Economic stagna- most ethnic groups in the USSR equate
tion, a declining birthrate among non- with threatening their survival in demo-
A voice without a head Russians, social discontent and a
collapse of the Communist ideology
graphic terms. The authors feel that
only the Muslims hope to modify
could force the Red Army to seize socialism while preserving its founda-
power in the USSR, according to an tions, while the East Europeans, Baits,
When President Ronald Reagan announced last year, with article by L.S. Gann and M.S. Bern- Ukrainians and Great Russians are
considerable fanfare, that his administration had decided to plunk sum in the National Review. inclined to be pro-Western.
down S81 million to increase the transmission range of Voice of Mr. Gann, a historian, is a senior Not only is nationalism a powerful
America, it appeared that the United States was preparing to seriously' fellow at the Hoover Institution" at force of change among the smaller
challenge the Soviets on the propaganda and information front. In Stanford University, while Mr. Bern- ethnic minorities, but also among the
stam, a historical demographer, is a Russians. Here, the authors differ from
addition to beefing up the VOA, Mr. Reagan promised to bolster, both
visiting scholar there. many of their colleagues and Sovietolo-
financially and politically, a badly disorganized and scandal-ridden gists, who feel that traditional Russian
According to their analysis the Soviet
Radio Free Europe/ Radio Liberty, which columnist Jack Anderson xenophobia and chauvinism will make
Union is laboring under a host of what
and others accused of, among other things, broadcasting anti- Karl Marx would have called "irre- them rally around their Communist
American material in its Russian-language sector. solvable contradictions" which could leaders in the event of a national
Well, the U.S. Congress has agreed to put up the money to improve ultimately lead to an unraveling of the emergency or war.
the facilities and transmitters to counteract Soviet jamming, and the social and political structure. Although no great opposition to the
Reagan administration continues to say that the stations will have a "The Soviet Union," they write, lias Communist regime has been forth-
prominent role in the ideological war of words between this country suffered a series of self-inflicted demo- coming, the authors argue that, in some
and the USSR. But despite all this, we have to wonder just how graphic disasters on an immense scale: respects, the Russians have suffered the
effective the Voice of America can be without a capable and the civil war, the liquidation of workers most from the Communist experiment.
committed leader. and peasants opposed to the Soviet A low standard of living compared to
regime, forced industrialization, the other Soviet republics, mass alcoho-
For the third time during Mr. Reagan's administration, the VOA is collectivization of agriculature, the lism, poor diet and malnutrition, the
temporarily without a director. John Hughes, much touted at the time purges, Gulag, the impact of successive lowest fertility rate in the USSR and
of his appointment five months ago, has been picked by Secretary of man-made famines (1918-20, 1921- one of the highest mortality rates — all
State George Shultz to be assistant secretary of state for public affairs. 1922, 1924-1925,1932-1934,1946-1948) characterize the reality of life for
Mr. Hughes, a Pulitzer Prize-winning reporter and former editor of - all took an enormous toll of lives." average Russians under the Commu-
the Christian Science Monitor, although eminently qualified, was Other factors contributing to new nists.
essentially a holding pattern. "self-inflicted demographic disasters"
His predecessors seem to have had their problems. James Conkling, cited by the authors are a rise in the Chinks in the armor
who preceded Mr. Hughes, presided over a disaster area. Phil mortality rate, particularly among men
Nicolaides, during his brief tenure at the VOA, saw the station being between the ages of 25 and 45, a drop in Despite these disturbing trends, why
the "primary psychological arm in a global struggle against a powerful, life expectancy due, some experts feel, should the Communist rulers pot be
to the rise in alcoholism among men and able to cope at a time when their
determined, implacable foe." He added that the United States has been women, and decline in fertility, espe- military might seems to exceed that of
in a "protracted conflict with the Soviet empire since the end of World cially among the non-Muslim popula- any other country, the authors ask.
War II." tion. After all, the USSR has survived catas-
For these sentiments, ones we are sure are shared by the president, "Such population growth as has trophic economic failures, civil war,
Mr. Nicolaides lost his job after many top VOA staffers, along with the taken place derives from the still high power struggles and Stalin.
Washington Post, accused him of being, in a sense, a Cold War fertility rate of young Muslim women in Because, the authors assert, there
reactionary hell-bent on changing the supposed high-minded Central Asia and Transcaucasia; Rus- looms in the Soviet Union a crisis of
journalistic "objectivity" of the broadcasts into anti-Red rantings. But sians, Byelorussians, Ukrainians, Lat- leadership, ideology and belief. The
what Mr. Nicolaides and Mr. Conkling saw was that the so-called vians and Estonians are all in demogra- Romantic idealism inherent in post-
"objectivity" practiced by the station's entrenched bureaucracy phic decline," say the authors. revolutionary times, the deep sense of
engendered such things as stories about policemen in America's urban Ironically, part of the problem is that commitment to a credo and a cause,
areas waging a racist war against blacks, and stories that harped on contraceptives are hardly used in the have given way to cynicism, careerism,
Soviet Union. The authors estimate that opportunism and a glaring disparity
America's social and political decay in terms reminiscent of the the average Soviet woman uses abor- between the average Soviet worker and
American radicals in the 1960s. tion as means to avoid giving birth, the ruling privilegentsia.
Although the Reagan administration has insisted time and time averaging 9.6 abortions a lifetime. (This Messrs. Gann and Bernstam estimate
again that all this will change, it hasn't. The sad fact is that for a year figure does not apply to most Muslim that a full two-thirds of the 17 million
and a half the potential of the Voice of America has been all but unused women.) members of the Communist Part joined,
by the Reagan administration. The effect of numerous abortions not out of a sense of a deep, ideological
Clearly, a sure sign of this neglect is the constant shuttling of greatly increases the instances of spon- commitment, but as a means to a better
directors, a practice that does not lend itself to stability and a clear taneous miscarriage. In addition, re- chance for job advancement, superior
formulation of purpose. Throwing hundreds of millions of dollars at peated surgical abortions have left a educational opportunities for the
striking number of Soviet women sterile children, etc.
VOA and RFE/ RL and hoping for the best is not the answer. Mr. by the age of 35, the authors note.
Reagan must appoint a director who will stay long enough to make the "The remainder — perhaps six million
"Between the rising mortality rate in all — are genuine Communists," say
Voice of America the kind of station the president presumably wants, and the declining fertility rate, it is the authors. "Even this remnant, how-
and we desperately need. projected that during the next several ever, has ideological problems — the
decades the western part of the Soviet old fervor is long gone; 'careerism' and
Union will suffer an ever-increasing 'opportunism,' the Communists tell us,
shortage of young men and women to are on the rise."
Letter to the editor work on the farms and in the factories, The privilegentsia, then, exercises its
especially in the Russian Federal Re- dominance through the triple mecha-
Resolve the "the" Ukraine Issue public, which accounts for 60 percent of
the Soviet Union's gross national pro-
nism of the party, the KGB and the
army, each of which has its own special
Dear Editor: clear that Dr. Sevcenko is correct in duct," say the authors. weaknesses.
The text of the address delivered by his assertion that perceptions of Ukraine The party weaknesses are more ap-
Dr. Sevcenko at the 25th anniversary will not be changed easily. Especially, if The new nationalism parent, but the KGB likewise has its
celebration of the Ukrainian Studies many of our prominent scholars and faults.
Fund (The Weekly, August 1,1982) is of academic institutions such as the Ukrai- In conjunction with these alarming "It is distrusted both by the military,
great interest to Media Action Coali- nian Institute at Harvard continue to social and demographic trends, the which prefers to rely on its own intelli-
tion. Dr. Sevcenko covered several reinforce the commonly held practice of authors view nationalist movements in gence services, and by the party, which
important points which are of mutual placing the article "the" before Ukraine. the USSR and the East European fears the KGB as a potential com-
concern. Of particular interest were the This issue needs to be brought out satellites as "the likeliest agent of petitor," according to the authors.
comments concerning the need to into the open, discussed and then change." In addition, the KGB is, in many
change the 250-year-old erroneous resolved once and for all. Is this prac- "The new nationalists differ from ways, "an unwieldy bureaucratic mon-
perceptions of Ukraine and Ukrainians, tice, itself, the result of erroneous their predecessors in certain important ster devoid of flexibility."
as well as the difficulty to dispel these perceptions of Ukraine or a grammati- respects," say the authors. "They have Given all these social and political
perceptions. cal necessity? The resolution of this become less chauvinistic than their factors, the authors forsee the possibi-
It is ironic to note the editorial policy issue will benefit not only the Ukrainian forbears, because they understand that
community as a whole but our academic lity that the Communist Party in the
statement by The Ukrainian Weekly liberation can come only through Soviet Union, which never had a truly
community as well. common effort."
which was necessitated by Dr. Sev- popular base of support, could frag-
cenko's use of the article "the'' before Roman Zabihach The common enemy; as the authors ment, not unlike its counterpart in
references to Ukraine. It becomes quite Media Action Coalition see it, is the Communist system, Which (Continued on page 10)
33 THE UKRAINIAN WEEKLY SUNDAY. AUGUST 15. 1982 7
It is significant that the Jewish two solitudes fundamental perception or, in Baconian
language, one of the idols of the theatre
and the marketplace which has persist-
Encyclopaedia does not have a separate by Peter J. Potichnyj and Howard Aster
entry for Ukraine. The discussion of ed through the course of four centuries
Jewish history which is located in the of Jewish-Ukrainianrelations.How can
region of Ukraine occurs in the Ency- we articulate it?
clopaedia under Russia, Poland, or Jews benefited tremendously. "In the and the khlopi, between the Catholic Among Jews, and others as well,
Austria-Hungary. It would appear that then newly colonized areas of Ukraine, and the Greek-Orthodox Church, be- there is the view that Jews play a unique
the notion of a distinctive Ukrainian the main occupation of the Jews was the tween the Pole and the Ukrainian. role in world history. It is the Jew who
culture or Ukrainian nation state is forming of tolls and taxes and leasing of Three classes, three religions, three bears the responsibility of bringing
absent from those who compiled the estates. They became a well-to-do class. nationalities clashed on a foundation in spiritual values and the concerns with
Jewish Encyclopaedia. Most of the Jewish sections in the cities whose depths volcanic forces lay dor- culture and civilization to a world which
This observation may very well had beautiful stone houses; wealthy mant; and the explosion was inevi- at times is overwhelmingly materialistic,
betray a most important feature in our men built beautiful synagogues, often table."66 anti-intellectual or hedonistic. This
efforts to approach the question of designed by famous architects. The This explosion occurred in 1648 with conception of the role of the Jew in alien
Jewish-Ukrainian relations. For it is the Jewish section in many cities and towns the Khmelnytsky uprising. In the annals cultures has deeply affected the way in
authority, of the encyclopaedia itself expanded considerably in area ... The of Jewish history the Khmelnytsky which the Jew relates to and perceives
which drives one to conceive of Jewish growth of the Jewish population, its period is known as the Great Cata- other cultures. Shulvass's statements
history in the Ukrainian region not as a economic success and the influence strophe or as the Gezerah! This period is that the Jews were the carriers of
distinctive, separate and identifiable which Jewish magnates exerted in the recognized as having a status equivalent civilization to a peasant region, in a
history, but rather as a part of a larger royal court...464 best defines the depth to the Holocaust of World War II. The deep sense, identifies this historic
history, namely Polish or Russian of the prosperity of the Jews in the Jews at that period suffered immensely. perception of the role of the Jew among
history. Polish Kingdom. "When the people went on a rampage, the gentiles. There is a significance,
This portrait of Jewish history is We have already indicated the man- the Jew suffered more than the noble- though often not articulated, and truth
confirmed by many sources including ner in which Ukrainians in this very man. And it is not the Jewish leasees to Shulvass's statements. Wecangoeven
Moses A. Shulvass in his book "Jewish same period perceived the Jew as who suffered, but the entire Jewish further. The identification of the Ukrai-
appendages to their domination by the communities, which had no relation to nians as peasants, semi-Asiatics, per-
Culture in Eastern Europe: The Classi-
foreign Polish nobility. We can see from the leasehold. A new ominous and haps even uncivilized has had a pro-
cal Period." Shulvass argues that there found impact on the way in which the
are two historical periods of Jewish the above that there was a clear class sinister force — the Ukrainian Haida-
and economic division between the Jew mak — burst forth into Jewish history. Jews perceive Ukrainians. This portrait
presence in the region called Ukraine. of the Ukrainians as being one small
and the indigenous Ukrainian popula- It leaves in its wake a deep bloody trace,
Thefirstperiod runs from the first century step away from barbarism is a theme
tion. There was also a further religious which can be seen and recognized
A.D. until the 13th century A.D. As we during the course of three centuries."67 found in Yiddish literature.69 It is
have discovered earlier, these were element which complicated the relation-
ship between the Ukrainians, the Poles It is estimated that "Ukrainian Ko- therefore not surprising to the Jewish
Jewish settlements in the Crimea and zaks under the leadership of Bohdan mentality that Ukrainians are prone to
the Black Sea area very early on. Under and the Jews.
Khmelnytsky are said to have massacred lapse into a condition of barbarism and
the influence of the Khazar people and "Enormous estates and numerous to vent their animosity, frustration and
between 100,000 and 250,000 Jews."
their conversion to Judaism in the villages, inhabited by Ukrainian pea- anger against the Jews as the carriers of
While these figures are often the subject
eighth century, Jewish settlements sants, were in the hands of wealthy civilization. This is the reason for so
of dispute, it is, nevertheless, obvious
flourished and influence expanded. "It Polish magnates, who utilized all the many Jews the name Ukrainian con-
that in view of the total estimated
seems that southern Ukraine's Jewish rights of feudal lords. The peasant-serfs, jures up a fascinating package of images
Jewish population of that time of
population together with the remnants or khlopi, were alien to their masters, - peasant, drunkard, barbarian, a
between 300,000 and 500,000, the scale
of the Jewish Khazarians, were oblite- both in religion and nationality. In the creature prone to excess and lacking
of the slaughter was enormous.
rated by the terrible invasions of the eyes of the Catholics, particularly the both culture and civility, a fierce,
Tatars during the first half of the 13th clergy, the Greek-Orthodox faith was There is no doubt that 1648 is a threatening figure when he is angered or
century. In the decades following the the religion of the khlopi. There was an traumatic date in Jewish-Ukrainian given to his passions. This package of
Tatar invasions no Jewish settlements attempt to uproot it through an im- history. We have seen how, quoting images also helps explain why, to the
are known to have existed in Ukraine."61 proved Church union. The Poles re- Dubnov, the Jews found themselves Jewish perception, the Ukrainian is the
garded the Russians and Ukrainians as trapped as third parties and the major symbolic embodiment of the authentic
The second significant period of
a lowly race, one that was more Asiatic victims in a Ukrainian-Polish conflict. anti-Semite. The reason for this is that
Jewish history in Ukraine coincides than European... The Polish magnates
with the extension of Polish rule in There is, however, a further signifi- the authentic anti-Semite is the open
usually lived at some distance from their cant insight of the way in which Jewish enemy of the Jew who acts as the
Ukraine. The Jewish perspective on the Ukrainian estates; so their possessions
character and quality of Jewish life in perceptions of Ukrainians were molded symbol of spirituality and civilization.
were administered by leasees and book- and it is certainly worth explaining. The
historic Poland on the whole is very keepers. The village leasees included Jews emigrated into the Ukrainian The historical legacy emanating from
positive. By the end of the 14th century many Jews... Jews acquired leases on territories in the 15th and 16th centuries
the Polish Kingdom extended from the the Khmelnytskyera cannot be under-
inns, on the distilling and sale of liquor, as appendages of the Polish Kingdom. estimated in terms of its effect on the
Baltic to the Black seas. Poland was a dairies, flower mills, and occasionally We have seen how the Poles viewed
major trading force and a major sup- Jewish perception of the Ukrainian. In
also on tax farming on behalf of the Ukrainians with contempt and with a the Jewish view, the Khmelnytsky
plier of agricultural products to Western landed gentry. Along with the lease the high degree of disdain. This same
Europe. uprising has little significance as a
Jews inherited from the landed gentry perception of the Ukrainians as "pea- struggle for national emancipation. Its
As a result of the crusades, anti- some of the rights over the serfs. The sants," "lower Christians," and in
Jewish legislation "and the repeated significance lies in the fact that it
leasees endeavored to extract as much general as marginally civilized was portrays the historic and tragic condi-
blood accusations, followed by bloody revenue as possible from the noble- transmitted to the Jews and formed the tion of the Jew in a gentile world.70 The
pogroms,"'2 there was a mass emigra- manjs estates, and to do that it was basis of their perceptions. Their view is lesson to be drawn from this period is
tion of Jews from Germany into the necessary to exploit the peasantry."65 best articulated by Shulvass when he that the Jew, in spite of everything, ends
Polish Kingdom. And on the whole states:
Jews were able to establish a viable life While the Jew found himself in an (Continued on paje 15)
in this territory. "In 1264 Duke Bole- enviable and successful economic situa- "Ukraine was a frontier country, and
slaw of Kalisz granted them (the JewsJ a tion in Polish-dominated Ukraine, the Jews who settled there were true 62. Ibid., p. 3.
charter which became the legal founda- there were the seeds of deep antago- pioneers who brought material and 63. Ibid., p. 4.
tion for their settlement. This charter, nisms in place. These antagonisms spiritual culture with them. Economic 64. Ibid., p. 9.
modeled after a constitution granted the resulted in perhaps the most significant opportunity was virtually unlimited. 65. Simon Dubnov, "History of the Jews:
event in Ukrainian history which had a Constituting the most civilized part of From Cromwell's Commonwealth to the
Jews a few decades earlier in Austria Napoleonic Era," New York, Thomas
and in Bohemia, was quite favorable to catastrophic effect on Jewish percep- the population of this wild and waste
tion of Ukrainians. Once again Dubnov land, they cooperated closely with the Yoselaff, 1971, Vol. IV, p. 26.
them. It became the Magna Carte of 66. Ibid., pp. 26-27.
best summarizes this: Polish landlords who developed the
Medieval Polish Jewry."B These rights 67. Ibid., p. 29. See also Abraham Berger
"The contempt on the part of the country, and were an important factor
were later on extended to all Jews in the in the tremendous effort to colonize it. ("Review of The Fatal Events of 1648,' "
Polish Kingdom by Kasimir the Great gentry and the Catholic clergy for the Wilno, Yiddish Scientific Institute, 1938) in
party of the khlopi and the attempts to Their main occupation was in the area Jewish Social Studies, April 2, 1940, pp.
(1333-70). of management They were the leading
Jewish prosperity in the Polish King- Catholocize the Greek Orthodox U- 217-8. This composite work consists of a
krainians by way of the Church Union, farmers of customs and other categories report of W. Latzki-Bertoldi's Yiddish
dom is well documented by Dubnow of taxation; they rented distilleries, translation of the famous contemporary
colored the economic antagonism with
and others. It is interesting to note that breweries, inns and similar enterprises. chronicle of the Khmelnytsky revolt, "Yewen
a religious hue. The subjugated pea-
the size of the Jewish population in the santry always grumbled angrily; and And as the opportunities were great, the Metsulah" by Nathan Nata Hanover.
Polish Kingdom is estimated to have from time to time agrarian disorders wave of Jews going to Ukraine persisted 68. M. A. Shulvass, op. cit., p. 10.
been between 70,000 and 100,000 in the erupted in various localities. The U- uninterrupted until the year of the Great 69. See for example Edward Alexander,
year 1550. In the year 1648 the popula- rainian peasant detested the Polish pan, Catastrophe."61 "The Destruction and Resurrection of the
tion is estimated to have been between the nobleman, the Catholic, the Pole, the Jews in the Fiction of I. B. Singer," Judaism,
300,000 and 500,000 which would have What is revealing about this quota- 25, winter 1976, pp. 98-106.
fliakhj. But he hated even more the tion is not the characterization of the 70. See for example M. Agursky, "Ukrai-
made it the largest territorial concentra- Jewish leasee - the gentry's supervisor,
tion of Jews in the world. Jews' economic position in Ukraine — nian Nationalism Poses Threat to Jews
the alien, the "un-Christian.' The Jew there seems to be the consensus among Again," Jerusalem Post, March 7,1977. The
Shulvass argues that as Polish domi- thus found himself between the hammer historians both Jewish and Ukrainians author is a prominent scholar and a recent
nance over the Ukrainian area deve- and the anvil: between the landed gentry on this subject - but rather the por- emigrant from the USSR.
loped in the 16th and 17th centuries, the
8 THE UKRAINIAN WEEKLY SUNDAY, AUGUST 15, 1982 No. 33
.v..;
Щ
foliage.
"P ' "' - ""
The exhibit presented a variety of mediums,
including batik pieces by Oksana and Lavro Polon,
wearable textile art by Anna Paschak-Denysyk,
Jr ^ ' '
ЙЖ - 'IWjf ЩШв
Ш^Ь^ше^Шл ш йі "
щк.
Roman Rakowsky's woodcut art, wooden and copper Й' -
sculptures by Jarema Harabatch and the photography т щ '
of George Lencyk.
Style ranged from Vaka Pereyma's abstract
charcoal sketches to Bohdan Holowacky's graphic
oils.
..Js
м Иг 1 1 \ і | ка/^""""''
This weekend artists and musicians gather to discuss
work in their respective fields in a series of panel
discussions and presentations sponsored by the UNA
Щі\Ш JISBBBBT :'V. . ^
уЩ Р^ГдИ Y і 1 \ ' ;^:-W^ :
r Шш( ^ 4 j^. fl
wl^- л t^'fl Ш
wv\
IU
'ЖЇІ fg
і .ПшИ
One of many sculptures on display. Larysa Martynluk before two of her paintings.
No. 33 THE UKRAINIAN WEEKLY SUNDAY, AUGUST 15, 1982 9
location, museum row. We have to (Continued on page 10) Vira Goldman and Walter Nazarewicz at the Ukrainian Institute of America.
in East Hampton and make it look so the muntin windows and the original Front (top) and side views of Danforth House, East Hampton, N.Y.
that Joseph Danforth could walk in front door) were duplicated and
and feel right at home. building, putting the house together The Goldmans are opening up
installed. piece by piece, gave them the oppor their 18th century doors to a limited
The price was good and the chal
lenge was there, so the Goldmans The Goldmans agree that the tunity to replace any rotted parts and number of people on Saturday,
bought the house. When interviewed house cost them no more than if they to combine the beauty of an 18th September 11 when they host the
in 1980 by Antiques and Collectibles had bought a house on Long Island century structure with the con benefit for the Ukrainian Institute of
Magazine. Vira called their work a and started restoring it. Their re- venience of a 20th century lifestyle. America.
10 THE UKRAINIAN WEEKLY SUNDAY. AUGUST 15.1982 NO. 33
Г Dates
I 10/1578
У 10/22/78
Locations
Richmond, Va.
Elizabeth, N.J.
Parishes
St. Vladimir
MEMORIAL FUND RAISING CAMPAIGN
FOR THE BUILDING OF THE UKRAINIAN NATIONAL SHRINE IN WASHINGTON, D.C.
UKRAINIAN CATHOLIC PARISHES VISITED BY CAMPAIGN DIRECTOR, FR. J. DENISCHUK, C.SS.R.
(AS OF JULY 4 , 1 9 8 2 - PRESS RELEASE No. 17)
Memorials i. Donations Totals
S t John and Baptist 9
32
9
184
S32.833.00
24.131.00
1 1 / 8/81
11/15/81
Dearborn Hgts. Mich
Dearborn. Mich.
Our Lady of Perpetual Help
6t. Michael
26
8
32
6
14.481.00
4,560.00
Carteret, N.J. S t Mary 12 36 27 19,92600
1
11/5/78 58 6,787.00 11/22/81 Detroit, Mich. S t John the Baptist
11/12/78 Perth Amboy. N.J Assumption of BVM 30 113 22,641.00 11/22/81 Hamtramck, Mich. Immaculate Conception/BVM 59 вгаю
11/18/78 Newark, N.J. S t John the Baptist 58 188 42.028.00 11/29/81 Warren, Mich. S t Josaphat 1 9 374.00
11/28/78 Passaic, N.J. S t Nicholas 9 48 7,457.00 11/29/81 Madison. III. S t Malry-Protection fi 4 5,622.00
- 12/3/78 Jersey City, N.J. S a Peter and Paul 19 57 29,275.00 11/29/81 St. Louis. Mo. St. Mary-Assumption a 10 4.646.00
A Bayonne, N.J. 6,500.00
12/10/78 Assumption of BVM 6 26 3,928.00 12/8/81 Flint, Mich. S t Vladimir's 11 2
1/21Я9 Hillside. N.J. Immaculate Conception/BVM 7 27 5,821.00 2/14/82 Houston, Texas St. Pius the Tenth 13 3 6,410.00
1/28/79 Whlppany, N.J. S t John the Baptist 16 21 10.236.00 2/21/82 Phoenix, Arizona Assumption of BVM 19 17 11.160.00
1/28/79 Ramsey, N.J. S t Paul 1 7 1,130.00 2/28/82 San Diego, Cal. Our Lady of Perpetual Help 11 23 7,535.00
1
2/4/79 Manville, N.J. St. Michael 18 19 11,917.00 3/ 7/82 Denver. Col. Transfiguration of Our Lady 15 13 14,520.00
2/11/79 Trenton, N.J. S t Josaphat e 19 5,125.00 3/14/82 San Francisco, Cal. Immaculate Conception/BVM 3 18 6.165.00
2/18/79 Millvllle, N.J. S t Nicholas 8 7 2,505.00 3/14/82 Santa Clara, Cal. St. Vladimir 1 12 1.620.00
2/18/79 Woodbine. N.J. S t Nicholas 3 6 1,040.00 3/21/82 Los Angeles, Cal. Nativity of BVM 24 11 20,710.00
X 2/25/79 Philadelphia, Pa. Immaculate Conception/BVM 21 57 3/28/82 Omaha, Neb. Assumption of BVM 14 16 12.285.00
20.807.00
3/4/79 Philadelphia, Pa. Annunciation of BVM 16 3/28/82 Lincoln, Neb. St. George 4 6 2.657.00
18 10,100.00
3/11/79 Philadelphia, Pa. 94 4/4/82 Milwaukee, Wise. St. Michael 12 3 7,295.00
Christ the King 21 18,086.00
3/18/79 Bridgeport, Pa. S a Peter and Paul 25 4/18/82 Wilton, N.D. S a Peter and Paul 7 14 7,735.00
8 9.417.00
х Philadelphia, Pa. 39 4/25/62 Belfleid, N.D. 11 5 12,920.00
3/25/79 S t Josaphat 21 13,567.00 St. John the Baptist
I
Syracuse, N.Y. 46 4/25/82 Fairfield, N.D. 11 4 7,650.00
4/ 1 Я 9 S t John the Baptist 27 17.75800 St. Demetrius
Cheater, Pa. Holy Ghost 23 5/2/82 Palatine, III. 7 7 4,110.00
4/29/79 13 11.556.00 St. Nicholas
Baltimore, Md. 32 5/18/82 Munster, Ind. b 17 7.770.00
5/8/79 S t Michael 11 9,354.00 St. Josaphat
Bristol, Pa. 5/30/82 Mlshawaka, Ind. 9 6 5,392.00
5/20/79 Patronage of BVM 7 4 8357.00 St. Michael
Philadelphia, Pa. 5/30/82 Fort Wayne, Ind. 2 2 1,500.00
15/27/79 Nativity of BVM 8 2 2.700.00 Our Lady of Perpetual Help
Wilmington, Del. 6720/82 8 12
8/3/79 St Nicholas 8 19 7,768.00 Grand Rapids, Mich. St. Michael 5,757.00
8/3/79 Chesapake City. Md. S t Basil 6 8 3,565.00
8/10/79 Curtis Bay, Md. SS. Peter and Paul 3 21 1,338.00 TOTAL FROM 133 PARISHES AS OF JULY 4. 1982 536 3017 11.280.489.40
8/24/79 Toronto. O n t Holy Eucharist 4 3 8,698.00 TOTAL FROM HOLY FAMILY PARISH. WASHING 5813,133.00
204 100
9/9/79 Berwick, Pa. SS. Cyril and Methodius 6 31 4,486.00
T O N . D.C. AS OF JULY 4, 1982
9/16Я9 Frackville, Pa. St. Michael 8 32 3589.00
9/2379 Shamokin, Pa. Holy Transfiguration 18 57 10,738.00
9/3079 Northampton, Pa. S t John the Baptist 19 235 9.894.00 ADDITIONAL MEMORIALS AND LESSER DONATIONS
10/14/79 Shenandoah, Pa. S t Michael 3 15 2.460.00 FROM HOLY FAMILY UKRAINIAN CATHOLIC CHURCH.
10/14/79 Mahanoy City, Pa. S t Nicholas 1 17 482.00 WASHINGTON, D.C.
| .10/21Я9 S t Clalr, Pa. Holy Trinity 7 18 4,973.00
10/21Я9 S t Clalr, Pa. S t Nicholas 7 37 8.021.00 MEMORIALS
10/28Я9 Centralla, P a Assumption of BVM 8 12 17,372.00
11/4/79 Clifton Heights. Pa. Ss. Peter and Paul 9 21 8,855.00 178.000.00 (total) Holy Family Parish Bingo Workers
11/11Я9 Mount Carmel, Pa. SS. Peter and Paul 4 15 1,981.00 3^550.00 (total) Warts, Michael, Jr. 8 Mary
11/18Я9 Parma, Ohio St. Andrew 23 13 15,175.00 26,022.00 (total) Tymn, Julian 8 Anna Lucille, and
1
11/18Я9 . Parma, Ohio S t Josaphat 32 40 35,860.00 Raymond R.
11/2Я9 Cleveland, Ohio SS. Peter and Paul 5 37 8.808.00 20.25300 (total) Marijska Druzyna. (Marian Sodality)
12/ 9 Я 9 S. Side Cleveland, O. Patronage of BVM 4 4 1,940.00 of Holy Family Church
2/3/80 Bethlehem, Pa. S t Josaphat' 23 18 15,575.00 8,768.00 (total) Anonymous
X 2/10/80 Allentown, Pa. Immaculate Conception/BVM 14 7 6,000.00 8,030.00 (total) Holy Family Kitchen Bingo Workers
1 2/17/80 Palmerton, Pa. St. Vladimir 2 19 828.00 7,044.00 (total) Holy Family Parish Catering
2/24/80 W. Eaetorr, Pa. Holy Ghost 15 13 8,244.00 6,755.00 (total) Keyes, Andy A. Julia
I 3/2/80 Brooklyn. N.Y. Holy Ghost 12 21 11,046.00 6,000.00 (total) Ladles Society of Holy Family Church
± 3/9/80 Johnson City. N.Y. Sacred Heart of Jesus 17 13 11.190.00 5,010.00 (total) Fedack, John 8 Ruth
ft 3/18/80 Minersville, Pa. St. Nicholas 42 32 20,435.00 4,975.00 (total) Stunder, William 8. Anna
3/18/80 Mlddleport, Pa. Nativity of BVM 8 4 2,025.00 4,690.00 (total) Harklnlsh, George
3/23/80 Olyphant, Pa. SS. Cyril and Methodius 11 19 78.226.75 4,225.00 (total) Kuzmowych, Dr. Truvor a Dr.
x 3/30/80 Fresh Meadows. N.Y. Annunlcation of BVM 17 7 15.265.00 Chrystyna
j 4/20/80 Phoenlxvllle, Pa. SS. Peter and Paul 10 12 4.885.00 3,235.00 (total) Stadnyk, Emll 8 Lorraine
4/27/80 Lansdale. Pa. Presentation of Our Lord S 6 9.747.00 3,082.00 (total) Romanluk, Stefan 8 Anna
4/27/80 Ouakertown, Pa. St. Basil 1 300.00 3,050.00 (total) Griffo, Dr. Joseph 8 Zorea
і 5/4/80 Edwardsvllie, Pa. S t Vladimir 4 47 4,429.00 3,000.00 (total) Smith, Paul 8 Christine
SS. Peter and Paul 4 71 г е н . 00
1
5/ 4/80 Plymouth, Pa. 2,585.00 (total) Bier, David 8 Eleanor
5/11/80 Wllkes Barre, Pa. SS. Peter and Paul 5 17 2,586.00 2,255.00 (total) Sydorko. Michael 8 Cleo
5/25/80 Glen Spey. N.Y. S t Volodymyr 5 15 13,300.00 2.050.00 (total) Keyes. Waiter
6/ 8/80 Simpson, Pa. SS. Peter and Paul 2 22 1.857.00 2,120.00 (total) Корка, Julian 8 Stephani.
X в/15/вО McAdoo, Pa. Patronage of BVM 18 19 7.984.00 2,015.00 (total) Llnderholm, Randolph 8 Anna
8/29/80 Manassas, Va. S t Mary 3 4 2,890.00 1.600.00 (total) Grittier, Milton 8 Lydla
9/28/80 Rochester, N.Y. Epiphany of Our Lord 8 57 6.570.00 1.600.00 (total) Mulvaney, Mary F.
10/ 5/80 Buffalo, N.Y. S t Nicholas 33 71 20,869.00 1,500.00 (total) Mulvaney, Mary C.
2 10/12/80 Lancaster, N.Y. S t Basil 2 7 773.00 1,431.00 (total) Mallnlak, Eugene 8 Anna
10/19/80 Niagara Falls. N.Y. S t Mary 11 6 4,195.00 1.025.00 (total) Andrluk, Eugokia
10/28/80 Lackawanna, N.Y. Our Lady of Perpetual Help 22 6 21.515.00 1.025.00 (total) Ford, Bill 8 Anna
1 1 / 2/80 Utica, N Y . S t Volodymyr 2 9 682.00 1,005.00 (total) Pylypec, Myron 8 'Jatrlcla
C 1 1 / 9/80 Amsterdam. N.Y. St. Nicholas 9 30 11,404.00
f 11/15/80 St. Johnsville, N.Y. Immaculate Conception/BVM 1 J 25.00 LESSER DONAT ONS
11/18/80 Rome, N.Y. St. Michael 1 2 350.00 (Less Than S1 J0.00)
11/18/80 Little Falls, N.Y. St. Nicholas 3 5 3,042.00
J 11/23/80 Watervllet. N.Y. St. Nicholas 26 31 16.506.00 S700.00 (total) Power, Franc'
11/30/80 Cohoes. N.Y. SS. Peter and Paul 10 15 5.443.00 615.00 (total) Bartko, Mich зі 8 Emily
12/14/80 Troy. N.Y. Protection of BVM 9 10 5,700.00 460.00 (total) Hull, Joseph 8 Clementine
12/21/80 Yorkton, Sask. Mother of Perpetual Help 7 4,425.00 230.00 (total) Pylyshenkc, Slava
12/31/80 Winnipeg, Man. S t Joseph 3 4,760.00 195.00 (total) Dubik, Dr. Michael C.
Saskatoon. Sask. SS. Peter and Paul 2 4,350.00 175.00 (total) Knysh. Wolodymyr 8 Apolonla
" 1/25/81
I
New Britain, Conn. St. Josaphat 14 8,860.00 150.00 (total) Baranowlcz, Katherine
2/ 1/81 Ludlow, Mass.
2/ 8/81 SS. Peter and Paul 4 1,650.00 150.00 (total) Kosovych, Ostap 8 Linda
S. Deerfleld, Mass. Holy Ghost 3 1,695.00 - 140.00 (total) Paschyn, Bohdan 8 Kwitka
2/8/81 Hartford, Conn.
2/15/81 St. Michael 35 27.500.00 125.00 (total) Ladomlrak, Michael 8 Maryanne
Glastonbury, Conn. S t John the Baptist 5 2,910.00 115.00 (total) Dutkowsky, Maria
2/15/81 Terryville, Conn.
2/22/81 St. Michael 30 19,247.00 120.00 (total) Boyko, Dennis 8 Christine
Wllllmantlc, Conn. Protection of BVM 11 7,605.00 110.00 (total) Centodocati, Anthony 8 Renate
3/ 1/81 Colchester, Conn.
3/ 8/81 St. Mary 7 4,497.00 100.00 (total) Bihun, Yaroslav
Bridgeport, Conn. 9,980.00 100.00 (total) Voyevldka, Christine
3/15/81 Protection of BVM. 13
New Haven, Conn. 57.00 (total) Burger, Margaret-Mary
3/22/81 St. Michael 34 32,950.00
Boston, Mass. 50.00 (total) Fedash, Bohdan 8 Orlst
3/22/81 Christ the King 22 16,87300
Elmlra Hgts., N.Y. 50.00 Sluzar, Natalie
4/5/81 S t Nicholas 4 3,562.00
Bath. N.Y.
4/5/81 Christ the King 500.00
Hempetead, N.Y. MEMORIALS AND LESSER DONATIONS
4/12/81 S t Vladimir 20 16,050.00
Auburn. N.Y. THE UNITED STATES AND CANADA.
5/3/81 SS. Peter and Paul 15 11.300.00
Woonsocket, R.I.
5/10/81 St. Michael 6 4,750.00
Fall River. Mass. MEMORIALS
5/10/81 S t John the Baptist 13 6,250.00
Ozone Park, N.Y.
5/17/81 Patronage of BVM 25 14.780.00
Manchester, N.H. 568,639.75 (total) 4Cherveniak. Michael; Olyphant. Pa.
5/24/81 Salem, Mass.
Protection of BVM 10 10.570.00
5/31/81 St. John the Baptist 9 5,260.00 15.000.00 (total) Brega Family. Spring Valley, N.Y.
Staten Island, N.Y. 6,327.40 (total) Anonymous, Wiliingboro, N.J.
9/27/81 Riverhead, N.Y. Holy Trinity 15 9,300.00
10/ 4/81 St. John the Baptist 16 11,32300 5,000.00 Anonymous, Toronto, Ontario.
Brooklyn, N.Y.
10/11/81 St. Nicholas 9 5.864.00 3,190.00 (total) Anonymous, Winnipeg, Man.
West Isllp. N.Y.
..10/18/81 Holy Trinity 1 1,070.00 2,000.00 Anonymous, Richmond, Va.
Spring Valley, N.Y.
10/25/81 SS. Peter and Paul W 34,370.00 2,000.00 Gresko, Fr. Mitrat Dmytro, S t Petersburg,
Pittsfleld, Mass.
I 1 1 / 1/81 Hudson, N.Y. S t John the Baptist 4 2,400.25 Florida.
1 1 / 1/81 St. Nicholas 3 1.256.00 (Continued on pefe 12)
12 THE UKRAINIAN WEEKLY SUNDAY, AUGUST 15,1982 No. 33
In memory of the departed Michael Terleckyjm Clarkston, Maria, Lapchak, Peter 4 Helen
Memorial Fund... Michigan.
51 00.00 Terteckyi. Joan H.. Clarkston, Mich.
5.00 Kushey, Maria, Koda, Anna
"M x" M
" "" HH "" lie ЗОЄ
10.00 Slywkanycz, iwan 4 Maria LESSER DONATIONS
(Continued from ptft 12)
TOTAL (10O.00 Apostieship of Prayer of Immaculate Concep
MEMORIALS 12 Memorials (7,165.00 tion Parish. Brotherhood of Immaculate Conception
3 Lesser Donations 130.00 Parish
S4.000.00 Yarymovych, Or. Michael 4 Roxolana 15 (7.295.00
2,000.00 Stojko. Wolodymyr A Jaroslawa 100.00 Brahar, Wasyl 4 Maryanne, Kocko, Iwan 4
1,400.00 Koeciw; Stanley 4 Stella Alexandra, Kykish, Petro 4 Maria, Stupen, llko 4 Maria
Ss. PETER AND PAUL UKRAINIAN CATHOLIC CHURCH 10.00 ChorniJ, J.
1,000.00 Iwanklw, Dr. Wotodymyr, Makuch, ihor 4 WILTON. NORTH DAKOTA
Lesia, Salamon Rev. Fr. Sylvester 4 Maria, Sarapuk,
Jaroslaw 4 Olha, Stus, Bohdan 4 Walyntyna, Tros- TOTAL
УКРАЇНСЬКА КАТОЛИЦЬКА ЦЕРКВА 7 Memorials (3,500.00
tianetsky, Rev. Fr. Deacon, Jaroslav, Wasylklw, Sofia, CBB. ПЕТРА й ПАВЛА
WynnyckyJ, Antonlna, and Polotnianka, Dr. Myroalav4 7 Lesser Donations 61000
Irene, Anonymous n ^ (4,1 іаоо
500.00 Blloskurskyj, Iwan 4 Irena MEMORIALS ST. JOSAPHAT UKRAINIAN CATHOLIC CHURCH
305.00 Duquene, Jean 4 Irene MUNSTER. INDIANA
300.00 Basaraba, John, Bozyk, Volodymyr 4 Monlka, (1,000.00 Qarowskl, Peter, Ryan, Patrick 4 Dorothy.
Schneider, Joseph 4 Mary and Family УКРАЇНСЬКА КАТОЛИЦЬКА ЦЕРКВА
Evanchuk. John S. 4 Ann, Lesluk, Walter, Mykytyn, CB. ЙОСАФАТА
Bohdan 4 Anna, Myslw, Iwanna, Nalywayko, Petro 4 500.00 Patrick. Anna, and Paul 4 Marie
Anlsia, Pltlak, Theresa, Semchyshyn, Nicholas 4 325.00 St. Macrlna's Ladies Guild, Wilton. N.D. and MEMORIALS
Natalia, Shumny, Hnat 4 Stephanie St. Olga's Ladles Guild, Minot, N.D. (5,000.00 Solan, Col. Joseph E. 4 Irene and Family
300.00 Gergen, Kathleen B., Gergen, Raymond 4 1.000.00 Kuzemka, Dorothy; Solan, Irene; Wood, Alice
Annette, and family, Hruby, Paul 4 Marjorle, Krush, 300.00 Liber, Dr. Myroslaw 4 Maria, Wojtechko, Em'll
LESSER DONATIONS Anastacia, Lengenfelder, John 4 Diane, Maslowskl, 4 Mary, Woznlak, V. Rev. Canon, Walter-Volodymyr
Carl 4 Mary, Maslowskl, Larry 4 Linda, Omafray,
S 125.00 Stetz, Joseph 4 Marianne Catherine, Pruys, Reverend Father George, Souther,
100.00 Stogryn, Daniel, Stogryn, Alex LESSER DONATIONS
Neil C. Weinreich, Harold 4 Martina (100.00 Iwachiw, Mykola 4 Myroslava, Kruk, Jaroslaw
25.00 Blackwood. William. Hryclw, John 4 Irene.
Kotciw, Marie, Scyocurka, Michael 4 Tecla, Szewciw, Orest 4 Kathleen, Szewciw, Wasyl 4
LESSER DONATIONS Haiyna, Ukrainian National Womens League, Br. 41102,
20.00 Kasiewicz, M., Klos. Stephen 4 EJsa. Rasiewlcz,
M. Zajac, Catherine
(10O00 Sologuk, Nick 4 Anna, Sprynczynatyk. David 4 60.00 Balata, Mike
10.00 Horeczko, Andrew Connie 50.00 Holowaty, Dr. Michael 4 Iwanna
60.00 Bourgois, Paul 4 Anna Belle. Kabyinlck, Peter 25.00 Woloch, Anthony 4 Jaroslawa
TOTAL 4 Katie
24 Memorials 120,215.00 20.00 Bablj, Peter 4 Stephanie. Hryb, Wolodymyr 4
50.00 Hordlnsky, Dr. Bohdan 4 Irene, Kramlich, Gary Euphrozyna, Krafclsln, Dr. Petro, Krafclain, Wasyl 4
11 Lesser Donations 405.00 4 Glory, Romanlck, John 4 Barbara, Terleckl, Dr.
35 J20.710.00 Johanna, Nepip. Wolodymyr 4 Jean, Shuya, Wasyl 4
Jaroslaw 4 Sophia Natalia
25.00 Connoie. Garth 4 Eleanor, Trlska, Mike 4 10.00 Кис, Alex 4 Irena
ASSUMPTION OF THE B.V. MARY UKRAINIAN CATHOLIC Hertha 5.00 BlleckvJ. Mykola 4 Sophia
CHURCH 10.00 Balrd, La Roy 4 Mary. Hruby, William 4 Stella TOTAL
OMAHA. NEBRASKA Sawicki, Randy 4 Nancy, Pixomatis, Agnes M. 5 Memorials (6,900.00
УКРАЇНСЬКА КАТОЛИЦЬКА ЦЕРКВА 17 Lesser Donations 870.00
УСПЕННЯ БОЖОЇ МАТЕРІ TOTAL 22 t (7,770.00
17 Memorials (7.125.00 ST. MICHAEL UKRAINIAN CATHOLIC CHURCH
MEMORIALS 14 Lesser Donations 610.00 MISHAWAKA. IND.
31 (7,735.00
S1.000.00 Dmytriw, Hrytz 4 Justyna, Lobur, Michael 4 УКРАЇНСЬКА КАТОЛИЦЬКА ПАРАФІЯ
Maria, KJuka, AndriJ 4 Maria, Sematczyn, Andry 4 ST. JOHN THE BAPTIST CB. МИХАІЛА
Maria, Sokaisky, Anthony 4 Joanne and Sister Joanna, UKRAINIAN CATHOLIC CHURCH MEMORIALS
Stawychnyj. Mychailo 4 Anna, Stolarskyj, Wotodymyr BELRELD. N.O.
4 Anna, Trush, Paulo 4 Anna, Worobec, Michael 4 (2,000.00 Ostapchuk, Eugenia
Stefania R.. Wynnyckyj, Dr. Jaroslaw 4 Olha 1.000.00 Sotklewlcz, Helen
300.00 Galenda, Julia and Zenla, Andrew, Christine, 400.00 Hromls, Rev. Fr. Simon 4 Haiyna and Mykola
Kulczak, Petro 4 Parasia, Tkaczyszyn, Maria MEMORIALS 4 Myroslava
300.00 Chabot, Joseph 4 Idell, Jarowyi, Iwan 4
LESSER DONATIONS (5,000.00 Obach, Mike 4 Elizabeth 4 Michael Olena, Kretschmer, Eugene T. 4 Isabelle and Family,
2,000.00 Basaraba, Paraskevia Prokopchuk, John 4 Sophia, Werbiansky, Andrew,
S50.00 Chmura, Stefan 4 Anna, Depa, Michael 4 1,000.00 Dolynluk, Anna, Evoniuk, Steven 4 Hattle, Werblansky, victor 4 Sophia, and Family
Catherine, Durkalewycz, Michael 4 Helen, Hrysio, Fedora, Eva H., Sons of Joseph Fedora
Dmytro 4 Eugenia, Prodywus, Oleksa 4 Jaroslawa 500.00 Grosulak, John 4 Margaret
300.00 Gawrylow, Josephine, Logosz, Anna, Maka- LESSER DONATIONS
25.00 Proclw. MatJI 4 Justyna (100.00 Chabot, Michael J. 4 Deborah K.
20.00 Hawryluk, Petro 4 Waaylyna, Lechnowsky, ruk, Bohdan 4 Marie, Shypkoski, William 4 Josephine
25.00 Bobinech, Charles 4 Theresa, Schwind. Mr. 4
Theodore 4 Helens, Wljtek, Dmytro 4 Julia Mrs. Leo A , Schmaltz, Steven
10.00 Ohorodnyk, Anaatasla, Раса), Katharina, LESSER DONATIONS
15.00 Ray, Joseph 4 Anna
Tkaczuk, Harry 4 Anna 2.00 Potuzzl, Ray
5.00 Duhan, AndriJ 4 Anna, Kostiw, Iwan, Kozak, (100.00 Chruach, Paul 4 Armela
50.00 Gregory John A. 4 Anna TOTAL
Mary, Kozak, Mary J. 9 Memorials (5,200.00
25.00 Gawryluk, John W. 4 Sophie
20.00 Dutchak, Elizabeth, Orbonosky, Anna 8 Lesser Donations 192.00
TOTAL 15 (5,392.00
14 Memorials (11,900.00
16 Lesser Donations 385.00 TOTAL OUR LADY OF PERPETUAL HELP UKRAINIAN CATHOLIC
30 t12.285.00 11 Memorials (12,705.00 MISSION
5 Lesser Donations 215.00 FORT WAYNE, INDIANA
16 (1 гв15.00
УКРАЇНСЬКА КАТОЛИЦЬКА МІСІЯ
ST. GEORGE UKRAINIAN CATHOLIC MISSION St DEMETRIUS МАТЕРІ БОЖОЇ НЕУСТАННОЇ ПОМОЧІ
LINCOLN, NEBRASKA UKRAINIAN CATHOLIC CHURCH
FAIRHELD, N.D. MEMORIALS
УКРАЇНСЬКА КАТОЛИЦЬКА МІСІЯ CB. ЮРІЯ
(1,000.00 Horoch, George 4 Paraskewla
MEMORIALS 300.00 Oslnchuk, Zenon 4 Ada T.
MEMORIALS LESSER DONATIONS
S1.000.00 Nebesnlak, Wasyl 4 Valentyna, Szalawiga,
Michael 4 Elsie (1.000.00 Baranko, Orest T. 4 Phyllis. Baranko, Steve 4 (100.00 Bazall, Dr. Walter 4 Mallna, StrllbyckyJ. Dr.
300.00 Lecholat, Anton 4 Rosa, Plosky, Wolodymyr Olga S. Hurinenko, George 4 Julia, Kanski, Nick, Alexander R.
A Olha Krivoruchka, Anne, Romanyshyn, Eugene 4 Lena
305.00 Haverluk Paul 4 Betty TOTAL
LESSER DONATIONS 300.00 Chornuk, Martha and Son John, Gregory, 2 Memorials (1,300.00
Nick 4 Josephine, Klym, William 4 Josephine, Krush, 2 Lesser Donation 200.00
(20.00 Kallta, Peter 4 Monica, Motczyszyn, Joe Paul 4 Mary Anne 4 (1.500.00
5.00 Lawson, Marlsa, Lysko, Ivan 4 Sophia, Pana-
siuk, Sophia LESSER DONATIONS ST. MICHAEL UKRAINIAN CATHOLIC CHURCH
2.00 Storon3kyj, Ihnat 4 Chrystyna GRAND RAPIDS. MICH.
(10000 Baranko, Emil 4 Marcla J.
ST. MICHAEL UKRAINIAN CATHOLIC CHURCH 30.00 Namyniuk, William G. 4 Josie УКРАЇНСЬКА КАТОЛИЦЬКА ЦЕРКВА
MILWAUKEE. WISCONSIN 10.00 Stuss, Mary CB. МИХАІЛА
5.00 Kanski, Harry 4 Leona MEMORIALS
УКРАЇНСЬКА КАТОЛИЦЬКА ЦЕРКВА (1,000.00 Anonymous, Bohatch, Jaroslaw 4 Olha,
CB. АРХ. МИХАІЛА TOTAL Marczuk, Anna, Kullgoski, Anne
MEMORIALS 11 Memorials (7,505.00 305.00 Olljnyk, Antin 4 Anna
4 Lesser Donations 145.00 300.00 Medwid, Anna, Selntz, Eugene 4 Joan,
(1.020.00 Slrko, John 4 Sofia 15 r.,.. (7.65000 Siavlnski. Theodore 4 Arlene
1,000.00 Anonymous, Pysklr, Teodor 4 Anna; Woto
dymyr 4 Maria; AndriJ 4 Yaroslawa. Yaremko. Mykola4 IMMACULATE CONCEPTIUN OF B.V. MARY UKRAINIAN LESSER DONA IONS
Kateryna Yaainsky, Nicola - CATHOLIC CHURCH (100.00 Cichun, Basil 4 Arlenr, Hrynchyshyn, Zenon
330.00 Kmet, Waiter 4 Josephine PALATINE. ILLINOIS 50.00 Balbuza, Petro, Czychc wskyj, Mykola 4 Frieda,
315.00 Ruzeckova, Kateryna Hoiynski, Walter 4 Anna, Kozyckl, Stefan 4 Teodosla,
300.00 Braslawskl, Mykola 4 Anatasla, Chamulak, УКРАЇНСЬКА КАТОЛИЦЬКА ЦЕРКВА Meinyk, Jacob 4 Anna
Wasyl 4 Sophia, Gnyp, Andrew 4 Carol, Kozaczok, НЕПОРОЧНОГО ЗАЧАТТЯ ПР. ft МАРІЇ 22.00 Rediuk. Stefan
Walter 4 Bice. Lechman, Wolodymyr B. 4 Neonila 20.00 Barnes, Clark 4 Irene, Chapel, Peter 4 Crystal,
MEMORIALS Chrystan, Dmytro 4 Anna, Hnyluk, Oleksa
LESSER DONATIONS
(1.00000 Plishka, Bohdan 4 Maria, Tychyj. Mykola TOTAL fi
1100.00 Popowycz, HryhoriJ 4 Anastasla; Mychajlo 4 300.00 Bamas, Stanley F. 4 Olga and Soje Dr. Gary 8 Memorials (5^05.00 j
Judy Paul, Jachntw, Paul 4 Betty, Luhowyj, Mykola 4 Anna, 12 Lesser Donations 552.00
2000 Czeren, Gregory 4 Anna Rajter, Wasyl 4 Sofia, Sarachman, Olha 20 ...- - (5.757.00 У
1IC
14 THE UKRAINIAN WEEKLY SUNDAY. AUGUST 15Л982 No, 33
members of the group (which grew to for the Defense of Human Rights in Orthodox League, for example, gave
AHRU petition... 37) were severely persecuted by the Ukraine (Chicago), the Free Yuri Shuk- petition sheets to each delegate at its
(Continued from page 1) Soviet government. None of them are, hevych Committee (California), the recent convention in Allentown, Pa.,
organization and setting out to investi at present, in any position to continue Ukrainian Evangelical Alliance of with requests to return them to UOL
gate, compile and publicize Soviet their legitimate activities; most are in North America, and the Ukrainian President Dr. Gayle Woloschak who
violations of human and national rights prisons, forced labor camps or in American Veterans, worked diligently would, in turn, send them on to Presi
і Ukraine. They demonstrated their internal exile, with a few in the West as a with members of the U.S. Congress by dent Reagan. Similar efforts by other
b Idness by sending compiled informa result of forced deportation. providing them with pertinent informa groups of Ukrainian Americans and
tion to the West, and copies to the Branches of Americans for Human tion, making visits to Washington to their duly elected representatives in
Soviet officials, including Soviet Presi Rights in Ukraine (Newark, Rochester meet them personally, writing letters Congress are netting positive results.
dent Leonid Brezhnev. and Troy, N.Y., San Francisco) in and making numerous telephone calls. A spokesman for AHRU urged all
Through this approach the group conjunction with many Ukrainian These same groups, joined also by Ukrainian Americans, to whom the
gained recognition and admiration of American groups, including the Asso Plast and hundreds of AHRU's indivi suffering of their brethren is of great
the free world and the American people ciation of Ukrainian Americans of the dual members throughout the nation, concern, to join in this endeavor in
as represented by its elected officials, New England, the Ukrainian Orthodox are in the forefront of this petition drive order to keep alive the free spirit of the
congressmen and senators. However, League of the U.S.A., the Committee to President Reagan. The Ukrainian Ukrainian political prisoners and reas
sure them that they are not forgotten by
1ШШШІШШ1ШШШ
the people of the free world.
THE CARPATHIAN SKI CLUB OF NEW YORK He stated that although the response
under the auspices of the of signatures from all parts of the
ASSOCIATION OF UKRAINIAN SPORTS CLUBS IN NORTH AMERICA AND CANADA (USCAK) country has been highly encouraging, it
will hold
is, nevertheless, desirable to sustain the
petition drive up to the time when there
THE ANNUAL is a positive response from the White
House. "Let us collect just 12signatures
on a petition but let everybody do it
TENNIS AND SWIMMING COMPETITION These signatures would express the
voice of the people through participa
at SOYUZIVKA tory democracy in action," he said.
IN OBSER VANCE OF THE 40th ANNIVERSARY OF THE UKRAINIAN INSURGENT ARMY
To obtain petitions and additional
information please write to: Americans
September 3, 4, 5 and 6, 1982 (Labor Day Weekend) for Human Rights in Ukraine; 43
Midland lace. Newark, N.J. 07106.
movements to become deeply entwined spirit In the annals of Jewish history, long succession of those murderous
Jewish-Ukrainian relations.. in movements of national liberation. the catastrophe of 1648 is very closely outsiders who have obtruded them
(Continued from одe 7) But while this is true, Jews and Jewish linked to a rebirth of the messianic selves upon Jewish history again and
up being the victim in any struggle movements have had major roles to movement. This messianic movement again. 'Yes,' sighs the narrator of "The
between opposing nations or ethnic play in movements of social reform. gripped Jewish communities through Family Moskat," 'Every generation had
groups. The Jew is always caught in the This may explain why Jews, on the out Eastern and Central Europe as well its pharaohs and Hamans and Chmiel-
middle. He is always the sacrificial lamb whole, had no involvement with Ukrai as the Ottoman Empire. "... a new nickis. Now it was Hitler.' "7I
when historic forces some into conflict. nian movements of national liberation messianic movement ripened - the
The subsequent reading of the Jewish (1648, 1917-20), while Jews had a deep mightiest since the time of BAR Singer's preoccupation with catas
presence in Ukraine is rather simple. involvement in the Russian revolution Kokhba. It came into being 10 years trophe is worked out in the historical
There are periods of relative calm with whose goals were primarily social after the Ukrainian-Polish catastrophe context in his novel "The Slave." The
Jews living among some measures of reform. in Turkey, which was close to the site of setting of this novel is the second half of
economic prosperity. These periods, There is another interesting variation the tribulations. It aroused the entire the 17th century later the catastrophe
however, are shattered by "volcanic on these same ideas proposed bv Albert Jewish world, and left deep traces in the which beset the Jews and associated
uprisings," (to use Dubnov's phrase), Mem mi in "Portrait of a Jew": history of the people."77 with Khmelnytsky Singer poses the
pogroms and outbreaks of violent anti- "I believe, in short that there is a perennial Jewish question when they
Semitism. Possony, for example, relates Jewish fate, a specific Jewish fate. This If Franko's novels encapsulate the confront disaster - "why did this
this cycle of peace and tranquility fate makes the Jew a minority being; quality of the Ukrainian experience in happen to us?" In the novel answer
followed by turmoil and violence.71 The different; separated both from himself the early part of the 20th century then it comes "it was God's will, ... but why?
periods of turmoil are 1648-54,1760-78, and from others; a being abused in his would be true to say that Isaac B. What sins did the small children com
1918-21 and 1941-5. culture and in his history, in his past and Singer's novels do the same for the mit? They were burned alive ... There
There are two ways to understand in his daily life — in the end an abstract Jewish experience in the same part of was a limit to what the human mind
this cycle. The first is to identify these being..." the world. could accept. It was beyond the power
periods with the struggle for Ukrainian "... Yes, as a Jew, I am above all an There are a variety of intertwined of any man to contemplate all these
emancipation and autonomy. The se oppressed person and the Jewish fate is themes which permeate the writings of atrocities and mourn them adequa
cond is to identify these periods with the essentially a condition of oppression..." Singer. The first theme is that the tely ... Did the creator require the
victimization of the Jews caught in "... As a Jew I am a man of deficien environment in which Jews were forced assistance of Cossacks to reveal this
historic struggles in which they had no cies. Those deficiencies are actual to live their daily lives was hostile, nature?""
vested interest. What remains constant defects in my existence; I am not only threatening and prone to "volcanic
ip the Jewish reading of Ukrainian suspected and accused, I am bullied, eruptions." The second major theme The incomprehensibility of the
history is that the periods of turmoil are restricted, curtailed in my daily life, in which emerges from these works is that massacres, slaughter or victimization of
associated with the outbreak of this my development as a man. These ob the Jew is the helpless victim of an the Jew in his historical settings through
authentic anti-Semitism The Jewish jective deficiencies, often institutional, environment over which he has no the ages obsessed not only Singer but
perception of Ukrainian history, there involve true restrictions, even serious control. While Jewish culture, ritual other Yiddish writers as well. For
fore, reads as a continuous reverbera destruction of the soul of the Jew. For and experience betray qualities of example Aleichem responds to this
tion of a single theme. When Ukrainians the most serious element, perhaps, the humor and even irony, the inevitable dilemma in terms of irony, humor and
take up the struggle against whatever one most difficult to admit, is that the fact about Jewish existence is its pre even satire. But the central preoccupa
Jewish fate is a degrading fate... carious fate. It is no wonder therefore tion with the Jew as oppressed and on
foreign oppressor, this struggle results
in the persecution of Jews. "... The sad reality, unfortunately, is that the Holocaust has both a dramatic- the brink of continuous disaster could
There has been significant literature that all oppression debases and ruins historical and deeply symbolic meaning be seen as the element of thematic unity
which delves into Jewish-Ukrainian the oppressed. Our weak reaction to in the works of Singer. In "The Family throughout all of this literature.
relations during these periods of oppression, for example, and our re Moskat" Singer concludes with the
struggle, We have pointed to some of it signation before catastrophe are not a statement "death is the Messiah. That's
previously.73 What is indisputable in sign of a certain obscure metaphysical the real truth." "Singer sees the major 71. Stefan T. Possony, "The Ukrainian-
reviewing this literature is that the granduer, or the proof of an intransigent catastrophies of Jewish history in the Jewish Problem: Historical Retrospective,"
Jewish perception of these periods of moral will, as we like to say. They are diaspora as so many announcements of op. cit.
intense turmoil revolves around a the symptoms of a terrible usury of an the Holocaust, of which they are the 72. See footnotes, 6, 10, 19, 22, 24, 36,65
accumulated historical lassitude."75 prototypes. Nowhere in his fiction does and 67.
preoccupation with the victimization of Singer assume that the Jews were
To most Jews, the portrait that accidental victims of the Holocaust, or 73. Isaac Deutscher, T h e Non-Jewish
the Jew.
We have identified one of the persis Memmi draws would be fairly accurate. that disaster might just as well have Jew and Other Essays," London, Oxford
tent themes in the interpretation of The Jew in his perception of his rela befallen another people ... But if Singer University Press, 1968.
74. Ibid., p. 27.
Jewish history in terms of the conflict tions to Ukrainians or almost any other avoids the pitfalls of the oppressed 75. Albert Memmi, "Portrait of a Jew"
between spirituality and barbarism or national group could and would point which assumes the perfect innocence of (Translated from French by E. Abbot),
between civilization and culture as to situations of oppression. The ex the Jews and the accidental nature of London, Eyre and Spottiswoode, 1963, pp.
opposed to hedonism and anti-in planation of that oppression might be their victimization, he may be said to go 320-1).
tellectuality. The consequence of this is economic, sociological or whatever, or to the other extreme in that he tends to 76. Simon Dubnov, op. cit., p. 45.
the historic tragedy of the Jew as victim. it may be based upon the view that the view, the Nazis as only the latest in the 77. Ibid., p. 51.
There is a further variation of this Gentile world is fundamentally anti- 78. Edward Alexander, op. cit., pp. 98-9.
theme which is worth exploring. Isaac Semitic. As well, it appears that
Deutscher in "The Non-Jewish Jew and Memmi's association of the condition
of oppression with catastrophes is also
Other Essays" argues that in a socio-
very appropriate for the Jewish percep
economic and, more importantly, in a tion of Jewish history and the Jewish
psychological sense the Jew has always fate in Ukraine as well as other coun
been a marginal figure in a Gentile
world.73 This situation has defined the
tries.
The cycle of tranquility and prosperity
THE SOVIETIZATION
perception and outlook of the Jew in
relation to the world around him. It is
this situation of marginality which has
enabled the Jew to assume the role of
followed by upheaval and catastrophe is
one of the central premises of the Jewish
reading of their own history and the
relation between their own history and
OF UKRAINE The Communist Doctrine
the critic of dominant cultures. As
Deutscher states "they were a priori the history of other nations. It is,
therefore, not suprising that the Jewish
1917-1923 and Practice of National
Self-Determination
exceptional in that as Jews they dwelt
on the borderlines of various civiliza portrait of Jewish-Ukrainian relations
tions, religions and national cultures. follows along this cycle. By Jurij Borys
They were born and brought up on the Simon Dubnov in bis "History of the
This volume discusses the Bolsheviks' theory and
borderline of various epochs. Their Jews," Vol. 4, devotes a major part of
practice of national self-determination with re
mind matured where the most diverse the first section of his book to what he
gard to Ukraine from the outbreak of the revolu
cultural influences crossed and ferti calls "the dreadful year of the Ukrainian
tion in 1917 to the creation of the Soviet Union in
lized each other. They lived on the massacre — the Gezerah of 1648."
Drawing upon a variety of documen 1923.
margins or in the nooks and crannies of "To a greater extent than any other writer on this
their respective nations. Each of them tary sources, Dubnov provides us with a
picture of devastation and horror. T h e 'period of Ukrainian history . . . Borys has en
was in society and yet not deavoured to present the sociological and the
of it. It was this that enabled losses of Polish Jewry in the years of the
horrible massacres from 1648 to 1656 economic as well as the purely political aspects
them to rise in thought above ofhissubject." John A. Armstrong
their societies^above their nations, were frightening. The Jewish Chro
above their times and generations, and nicles' appraisals of those who perished 488 pages, paper SI 2.95, cloth S 19.95
fluctuate between 100,000 and 500,000
to strike out mentally into wide new
victims. If one were to take an average Order from:
horizons and far into the future."74 between these figures, it would also
While this characterization is aimed at University of Toronto Press
surpass the catastrophes of the crusades 5201 Dufferin Street
exploring the presence of Jewish in and the 'black death' in Western
tellectuals in societies, we think Deut- D o w n s v i e w , Ontario
Europe."76 Canada МЗН 5T8
scher's point is valid in exploring the
psychological as well as socio-economic One of the consequences of the
situation of Jews in general in a Gentile coming of a catastrophe to the Jewish Published by the Canadian Institute of Ukrainian Studies
world. This helps explain, indeed, the people is the revival of a yearning for
inability or the failure of Jews or Jewish redemption or, the revival of a messianic
16 THE UKRAINIAN WEEKLY SUNDAY, AUGUST 15, 1982 No. 33