Problem 4.

28

[2]

Given: Find: Solution:

Governing equation:

Data on flow through device Velocity V3; plot V3 against time; find when V3 is zero; total mean flow

For incompressible flow (Eq. 4.13) and uniform flow

V dA =

V A = 0

Applying to the device (assuming V3 is out)

V1 A1 V2 A2 + V3 A3 = 0
t 2 m

V3 =

V1 A1 + V2 A2 A3
t 2

10 e =

0.1 m + 2 cos ( 2 t) 0.15 m

2

m s

0.2 m

The velocity at A3 is

V3 = 6.67 e

+ 2.67 cos ( 2 t)

The total mean volumetric flow at A3 is

Q = 0

t 2 m 2 V3 A3 dt = 6.67 e + 2.67 cos ( 2 t) 0.15 dt m 0 s

3

t 1 3 2 Q = lim 2 e + sin ( 2 t) ( 2) = 2 m 5 t

Q = 2 m

The time at which V3 first is zero, and the plot of V3 is shown in the corresponding Excel workbook

t = 2.39 s

t (s) V 3 (m/s) 0.00 0.10 0.20 0.30 0.40 0.50 0.60 0.70 0.80 0.90 1.00 1.10 1.20 1.30 1.40 1.50 1.60 1.70 1.80 1.90 2.00 2.10 2.20 2.30 2.40 2.50 9.33 8.50 6.86 4.91 3.30 2.53 2.78 3.87 5.29 6.41 6.71 6.00 4.48 2.66 1.15 0.48 0.84 2.03 3.53 4.74 5.12 4.49 3.04 1.29 -0.15 -0.76

Exit Velocity vs Time

10 8

V 3 (m/s)

6 4 2 0 0.0 -2 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5

t (s)

The time at which V 3 first becomes zero can be found using Goal Seek t (s) 2.39 V 3 (m/s) 0.00

Problem 4.38
CS Outflow

[2]

Given: Find: Solution:

Basic equation

Data on airflow out of tank Find rate of change of density of air in tank

r r d V + V dA = 0 t CV CS
dtank dt dtank dt exit V A Vtank pexit V A Rair Texit Vtank 1 0.4 m
3

Assumptions: 1) Density in tank is uniform 2) Uniform flow 3) Air is an ideal gas Hence Vtank + exit V A = 0 = =

dtank dt dtank Hence dt

= 300 10
kg

2 m 1 m 1 kg K 1 3 N 2 250 100 mm 2 s 1000 mm 286.9 N m ( 20 + 273) K

= 0.258

The mass in the tank is decreasing, as expected

Problem *4.122
d CS (moves at speed U)

[3]

y x c Ry Rx

Given: Find: Solution:

Water jet striking moving vane Force needed to hold vane to speed U = 5 m/s

Basic equations: Momentum flux in x and y directions

Assumptions: 1) Steady flow 2) Incompressible flow 3) Atmospheric pressure in jet 4) Uniform flow 5) Jet relative velocity is constant Then Rx = u1 V1 A1 + u2 V2 A2 = ( V U) [ ( V U) A] + ( V U) cos ( ) [ ( V U) A] Rx = ( V U) A ( cos ( ) 1) Using given data Rx = 1000 Then m N s 3 2 ( 25 5) 1.26 10 m ( cos ( 150 deg) 1) 3 kg m s m kg
2 2 2

A =

40 m 4 1000

A = 1.26 10

3 2

Rx = 940 N

Ry = v1 V1 A1 + v2 V2 A2 = 0 + ( V U) sin ( ) [ ( V U) A] m N s 3 2 Ry = ( V U) A sin ( ) Ry = 1000 ( 25 5) 1.26 10 m sin ( 150 deg) 3 kg m s m

2

kg

Ry = 252 N

Hence the force required is 940 N to the left and 252 N upwards to maintain motion at 5 m/s