How much is the worlds electricity supplied by Hydroelectric Power Plants?

What are the major components of a Hydroelectric Power Plant? What is the classification of Hydro Projects based on Installed Capacity? What are the different types of turbines used in Hydroelectric Power Plants? How energy is generated in Hydroelectric Power Plant? Which is the largest Hydropower station in the world? Which is the largest under ground Hydro Power Project in India? How does cost of generation from Hydropower Plant compare with other sources of electricity? Why hydropower is called renewable source of energy? Which is the oldest Hydropower Plant in India? What is the estimated total Hydropower potential of India? How much of the total Hydro power potential has been exploited so far in India? What are the different types of dams? Why the unit sizes of hydro generating machines are not standardized as in case of thermal power plants? What are the different types of Hydro Schemes? Why Hydropower stations are preferred solution for meeting peak loads in grids? What is the project Cost and how it is funded?. What are the main sources of Debt and Equity? What is the standard debt equity ration for financing a hydropower project? What are the benefits of hydropower projects? What is the capacity of the Hydro Power Station being operated by SJVN? What is the present tariff of Power being generated from Nathpa Jhakri Hydro Power Station (NJHPS)? What is the completion cost of Nathpa Jhakri Hydro Power Station (NJHPS)? What is the cost of RHEP? What is the estimated levellised tariff of the power to the generated from RHEP? When will the RHEP is expected to generate power? From where the loan is being arranged for meeting the debt portion of RHEP? Whether all statutory clearances have been obtained for RHEP? What are the benefits from Rampur Hydro Electric Project and who are the beneficiaries? Whether environment impact of setting up of RHEP has been assessed and what is likely amount to be spent on environment management? What about R&R plan of RHEP and the amount likely to be spent on the same? What are the definitions of the searchable field and other data in the details page

How much is the worlds electricity supplied by Hydroelectric Power Plants? 2700 TWH is generated every year. Hydropower supplies at least 50% of electricity production in 66 countries and at least 90% in 24 countries. What are the major components of a Hydroelectric Power Plant? The major components of a Hydroelectric Power Plant are: 1. Dam/Barrage Head works i.e. power intake, head regulator and desilting chambers etc. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. Head race tunnels/channels Surge shaft/surge chambers Pressure shaft/Penstock Underground and surface power house Tailrace channel or tailrace tunnel.

What is the classification of Hydro Projects based on Installed Capacity? Micro: upto 100 KW Mini: 101KW to 2 MW Small: 2 MW to 25 MW Mega: Hydro projects with installed capacity >= 500 MW Thermal Projects with installed capacity >=1500 MW What are the different types of turbines used in Hydroelectric Power Plants? There are basically five types of turbines used in hydro power plants: 1. Pelton turbines - It is impulse turbine which is normally used for more than 250 m of water head. 2. Francis - This is a reaction turbine which is used for head varying between 2.5m to 450m 3. Kaplan It is propeller type of plant with adjustable blades which are used for heads varying between 1.5 m to 70 m 4. Propeller It is used for head between 1.5 to 30 m 5. Tubular This is used for low and medium height projects. Normally for head less than 15 m. How energy is generated in Hydroelectric Power Plant? A hydroelectric power plant consists of a high dam that is built across a large river to create a reservoir, and a station where the process of energy conversion to electricity takes place. The first step in the generation of energy in a hydropower plant is the collection of run-off of seasonal rain and snow in lakes, streams and rivers, during the hydrological cycle. The

run-off flows to dams downstream. The water falls through a dam, into the hydropower plant and turns a large wheel called a turbine. The turbine converts the energy of falling water into mechanical energy to drive the generator which in turn produces electric power. After this process has taken place electricity is transferred to the communities through transmission lines and the water is released back into the lakes, streams or rivers. This is entirely not harmful, because no pollutants are added to the water while it flows through the hydropower plant. Which is the largest Hydropower station in the world? Three gorges project in China on Yangtez river is the largest power station in the world having installed capacity of around 18,200 MW. Which is the largest under ground Hydro Power Project in India? Nathpa Jhakri Hydro Power Station having installed capacity of 1500 MW. How does cost of generation from Hydropower Plant compare with other sources of electricity? The hydro power generation is highly capital-intensive mode of electricity generation but being renewable source of energy with no consumables involved; there is very little recurring cost and hence no high long term expenditure. It is cheaper as compared to electricity generated from coal and gas fired plants. It also reduces the financial losses due to frequency fluctuations and it is more reliable and inflation free. Why hydropower is called renewable source of energy? Hydropower is called renewable source of energy because it uses and not consumes the water for generation of electricity, and the hydropower leaves this vital resource available for other uses. Which is the oldest Hydropower Plant in India? The oldest Hydropower power plant is in Darjeeling District in West Bengal. Its installed capacity is 130KW and was commissioned in the year 1897. What is the estimated total Hydropower potential of India? The hydro power potential of India is around 1,48,701 MW and at 60% load factor, it can meet the demand of around 84,000 MW. How much of the total Hydro power potential has been exploited so far in India? Around 19.9% of Hydropower potential has been exploited in India. What are the different types of dams? Different types of dams are conventional concrete dam, Roller compacted concrete dam, rock fill dam, Concrete Faced Rock fill Dam(CFRD), Earth fill dam, arch dam, barrages etc. Why the unit sizes of hydro generating machines are not standardized as in case of thermal power plants?

Since the size of hydro generating machines are based on availability of water in river and the water head available at a particular project site, the size of the machines keeps varying from location to location and river to river. The sizes are also based on logistics and variation of water in river during the year. What are the different types of Hydro Schemes? Different types of Hydro Schemes are : 1. Purely Run - of - River Power Station. 2. Storage type Power Station. 3. Run of River Stations with Pondage. Why Hydropower stations are preferred solution for meeting peak loads in grids? Due to its unique capabilities of quick starting and closing, hydropower stations are found to be economical choice to meet peak load in the grid. What is the project Cost and how it is funded?. Total capital expenditure incurred for commissioning of a project is project cost and it is mainly funded by the equity and loan. What are the main sources of Debt and Equity? Generally main source of Debt is loan from Domestic Financial Institutions and multilateral funding institutions like World Bank, Consortium of Foreign Commercial Banks etc. Equity is generally raised through budgetary support of Government, IPOs and internal accruals of existing power generating companies. What is the standard debt equity ration for financing a hydropower project? Standard Debt Equity Ratio is 70:30 What are the benefits of hydropower projects? Hydropower is a renewable, economic, non polluting and environmentally benign source of energy. It saves scarce fossil fuel resources of the country, which are non renewable. Hydropower projects have certain distinctive advantages over other sources of electricity generation, as discussed below: a) Technical Benefits Hydropower projects are known to have much longer life and provide cheaper electricity as there is no fuel cost and as the recurring cost involved in generation, operation and maintenance is lower than that in case of other sources of energy. b) Environmental Benefits

Uses Renewable and pollution free source of Energy i.e water Increase in Agriculture Productivity through development of irrigation and multipurpose schemes, having generation of electricity as one of the objectives, wherever possible and feasible.

Avoided Green House Gas (GHG) emissions from equivalent thermal and other fuel based power projects. Involve large scale afforestation activities under various schemes like Compensatory Afforestation, Catchment Area Treatment, Green Belt Development, Voluntary Afforestation etc. which ultimately improves the environmental quality of the project area. Flood Mitigation through large storage dams. Source of Drinking Water

c) Social Benefits Hydro projects are a boon to the society and the population at and around the projects. With enhanced employment opportunities, increased earnings, enriched life style and improved standard of living, the people in these localities experience an economic and social upliftment. Reservoir area is an ideal place for recreation and source of eco-tourism promotion in the area. The reservoirs are also used for promoting pisciculture. There are other direct benefits accruing from hydro projects and dams such as increased water for improved irrigation, and drinking water to villages and people living in and around the project area. What is the capacity of the Hydro Power Station being operated by SJVN? SJVN is operating Nathpa Jhakri Hydro Power Station (NJHPS) which is the first project executed by SJVN having installed capacity of 1500MW with design energy of 6950MU per annum. What is the present tariff of Power being generated from Nathpa Jhakri Hydro Power Station (NJHPS)? CERC has fixed the provisional tariff of Rs. 2.35 per unit. What is the completion cost of Nathpa Jhakri Hydro Power Station (NJHPS)? The approved completion cost of Nathpa Jhakri Hydro Power Station (NJHPS) is Rs. 8187.713 crores. What is the cost of RHEP? 2047.03 crores at March 2006 price level. What is the estimated levellised tariff of the power to the generated from RHEP? RHEP is expected to generate 1770MU of power during a year with a estimated levellised tariff of Rs. 1.80 per unit. When will the RHEP is expected to generate power? By August, 2013 From where the loan is being arranged for meeting the debt portion of RHEP? The entire loan component for RHEP is being raised through World Bank

Whether all statutory clearances have been obtained for RHEP? All statutory clearances including Forest and Environment clearance have been obtained. What are the benefits from Rampur Hydro Electric Project and who are the beneficiaries? The people of the state of Himachal Pradesh will benefit as a whole from the Project, because royalty of 12 percent of the total electricity generated from the project(at an estimated value of U$12 million per year) will be passed on to the Government pf Hiamchal Pradesh. In addition, in recognition of its investment in the project, the state of Himachal Pradesh will receive an additional allocation of around 109 MW of power and will also receive dividends from the project. The state will also be entitled to a share in the remainder of the power generated from the project. As much as 1,770 million units of electricity from this Project will be fed annually into the Indian power system-through the Northern Region Electricity grid where it will improve the quality of electrical supply to existing consumers, especially at peak times, and also benefit farmers and other consumers in the northern Indian states who currently have either no access or constrained access to electricity. The Project will also have significant environmental benefits. If a coal or oil-fired thermal plant of the same capacity were to be built of the Rampur hydropower project, the emission of greenhouse gases would add about 12,000 tons of Sulphur oxides (Sox), 6000 tons of Nitrogen oxides (NOx), and about 2 million tons of carbon dioxide into the atmosphere each year. By building and operating the Rampur Hydropower Project, the citizens of India will avoid this pollution. Whether environment impact of setting up of RHEP has been assessed and what is likely amount to be spent on environment management? The environment impact has been assessed and the adverse impact will be mitigated in collaboration with the works of state level environment agencies. As a part of the project, SJVN will provide funds to improve forest cover and treat catchment areas to reduce soil erosion from the flood impacts. An amount of Rs 388.26 millions shall be spent on environment. What about R&R plan of RHEP and the amount likely to be spent on the same? The Projects R& R plan has been prepared after careful and continued consultations with the Project Affected People and is now being implemented. It can be assessed on the Public Information Center set up at the project site in village Bael, Public Liabraries at Rampur, Shimla and from the World Banks infoshop. The rehabilitation package for the displaced person is as per Resettlement and Rehabilitation Scheme for Project Affected Families (PAFs) as has been agreed between SJVNL and GOHP, which includes besides other normal provisions, the innovative Income Generation Scheme and Technical Education Scheme for local youths and free medical check up and medicine dispensation to the villagers adjoining the project area through mobile health van. The financial assistance up to a maximum of Rs. 30.000/- shall be given to each family for the activities like dairy farming, bee keeping, poultry farming, cottage

units and handicrafts etc. Under Technical Education Scheme (TES) for PAFs and local youths, every year 35 students shall be sponsored for ITI courses with a scholarship of Rs. 700 per month. Director (Technical-Education) GOHP has already allocated/earmarked 30-40 seats in various ITIs of State for sponsoring youths under Technical Education Scheme. An amount of Rs. 1255.00 millions shall be spent on R&R of RHEP. What are the definitions of the searchable field and other data in the details page NJHPS Nathpa Jhakri Hydor-Power Station RHEP LHEP KHEP DHEP JSHEP PAFs PPA CERC GOI GOHP R&R Rampur Hydro-Electric Project Luhri Hydro-Electric Project Khab Hydro-Electric Project Devsari Hydro-Electric Project Jakhol Sankri Hydro-Electric Project Project Affected Families Power Purchase Agreement Central Electricty Regulatry Comission Govt. of India Govt. Of Himachal Pradesh Resettlement & Rehabilitation

NMHEP Naitwar Mori Hydro-Electric Project