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Concrete Technology

Utility

Basics

Soil and Asphalt Compaction

Demolition

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Concrete technology
Internal and external vibrators, inverters, trowels, wet screeds, rebar cutters

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Concrete technology
What is concrete?

Concrete Components Hydration

a man-made (artificial) stone a mixture of cement, aggregates and water and often admixtures (retardants, accelerators, plasticizers, etc.) Concrete solidifies and hardens after mixing with water due to a chemical process known as hydration. The water reacts with the cement, which bonds the other components together, eventually creating a stone-like material.

Reinforcement Reinforced concrete is concrete in which steel reinforcement bars (rebars") or fibers have been embedded to strengthen a material that would otherwise not stand the tensile strengths.
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Concrete technology
Why does concrete need to be vibrated?

Freshly placed, uncompacted concrete is usually full of entrapped air bubbles. Concrete will only achieve a high compressive strength and density with minimum air content through the use of mechanical means, i. e. the introduction of highfrequency (fast, repetitive) vibrations. Only in this way can concrete meet todays requirements in terms of strength and density.

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Concrete technology
Why does concrete need to be vibrated?

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Concrete technology
What actually happens during concrete vibration?

The high-frequency vibrations generated by the vibrator are transmitted to the components of the fresh concrete. Frictional forces between individual particles are substantially reduced. A flow process is created. Air bubbles, excess water and paste entrapped through capillary action and surface tensions are released and escape to the surface.

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Concrete technology
Advantages of concrete vibration

Greater density and homogeneity Greater compressive strength Greater durability (e. g. de-icing salt) Better bond with rebar, particularly in densely reinforced sections Better bond between the individually wet on wet placed layers Improved quality exposed (fair-faced) surfaces Makes possible use of drier mixtures, thus requiring less cement
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Concrete technology
Concrete vibration: tips and tricks

10 x

Know your effective compaction diameter: For practical purposes and as rule of thumb consider the operating diameter to be approx. 10 times the vibrator head housing diameter.

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Concrete technology
Maintain correct spacing when compacting large surfaces

correct

wrong

formwork
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Concrete technology
Correct spacing when vibrating fresh concrete in walls

Internal vibrators with 30 (1.2), 38 (1 ) and 45 mm (1.8) should not be used due to poor or non-existing overlapping of the effective compaction . This will lead to a faulty or uneconomical vibration process.

30

38

45

40 cm

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Concrete technology
Correct spacing when vibrating fresh concrete in walls

For greater effective compaction and for more convenient, economical compaction (less insertions, less time) preferably use only vibrators with diameters 57 or 65 mm, provided the rebar allows it. The concrete will be compacted faultlessly thanks to the overlapping

57

65

40 cm

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Concrete technology
Layer depths when vibrating fresh concrete

Practical experience has shown that evenly and horizontally spread layers of

approx. 50 cm (20) thickness


provide the best results in concrete compaction.

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Concrete Technology

Utility

Internal vibrators

Soil and Asphalt Compaction

Demolition

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Concrete technology
Concrete vibrating equipment: Internal vibrators

High frequency
IRFU IREN IRSEN IRSEN-FU

30, 38, 45, 57k, 57 + 65 mm

30, 38, 45, 57k, 57 + 65 mm

30, 38, 45, 57k + 57 mm

38, 45 + 57 mm

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Concrete technology
Concrete vibrating equipment: Internal vibrators

High frequency internal vibrators advantages


IRFU IREN
30, 38, 45, 57k, 57 + 65 mm 30, 38, 45, 57k, 57 + 65 mm

High, constant compaction performance Practical handling Long-lasting design Nearly maintenance-free Protective hose with extra lengths Low weight Wide product range

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Concrete technology
Concrete vibrating equipment: Internal vibrators

Compressed air
PIR For occasional concrete applications Excellent compaction performance Needs a compressor to operate Problematic operation during winter season

Modular system
HMS

35, 55 + 75 mm

Flexible through modular design Attractive pricing High flexible shaft wear Uncomfortable handling due to rigidity of flex shaft High manpower costs
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25, 35, 45, 50, 55 + 65 mm

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Concrete Technology

Utility

External vibrators

Soil and Asphalt Compaction

Demolition

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Concrete technology
Concrete vibrating equipment: External vibrators

External vibrators
usually are firmly attached to the formwork in precast concrete factories or on job sites

The compacting energy


generated by eccentric weights is transmitted from the vibrator through the formwork into the concrete.

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Concrete technology
Concrete vibrating equipment: External vibrators

Application areas
typically in precast concrete factories repetitive elements, such as prefab columns, walls, beams, etc.

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Concrete technology
Concrete vibrating equipment: External vibrators

Application areas
and on job sites for elements with complicated designs such as e.g. slanted surfaces very narrow elements elements with very narrowly placed rebar elements with large openings

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Concrete technology
Concrete vibrating equipment: External vibrators

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Concrete technology
Concrete vibrating equipment: External vibrators

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Concrete technology
Concrete vibrating equipment: External vibrators

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Concrete technology
Concrete vibrating equipment: External vibrators

Application areas
modern applications with fair-faced quality surface finish where a high quality of the surface is demanded where no pockets with fines or air allowed where consistent, fine-grained surfaces required where individual layers should not be discernible

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Concrete technology
Concrete vibrating equipment: External vibrators

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Concrete technology
Concrete vibrating equipment: External vibrators

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Concrete technology
Concrete vibrating equipment: External vibrators

ARFU 36
flexible for individual applications

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Concrete technology
Concrete vibrating equipment: External vibrators

Hungary
Krshegy bridge, the longest interurban bridge in Central Europe

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Concrete technology
Concrete vibrating equipment: External vibrators

AR 36
flexible for individual applications, here Rental

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Concrete Technology

Utility

Converters and inverters


Demolition

Soil and Asphalt Compaction

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Concrete technology
Concrete vibrating equipment: Converters and inverters

1938
Wacker is the first company in the world to patent and introduce 65 V safety voltage for internal and later external vibrators

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Concrete technology
Concrete vibrating equipment: Converters and inverters

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Concrete technology
Concrete vibrating equipment: Converters and inverters

Mechanical converters
FU series, e.g. FU 4/200 -> 3,8 kVA from 20,6 to 69 A, 42 V, 200 Hz output

Inverters (electronic converters) *


FUE series, e.g. FUE 5/042/200 -> 3,8 kVA from 6 to 145 A, 42 or 250 V, 200 Hz output

*
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available for all standard international input voltages and frequencies


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Concrete Technology

Utility

Trowels

Soil and Asphalt Compaction

Demolition

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Concrete technology
Strike-off, floating and surface troweling equipment: Trowels

Surface quality, hard and flat


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Concrete technology
Strike-off, floating and surface troweling equipment: Trowels First phase 1: Wet surface
Blade arm

Direction of rotation

Blades or floating pan (blade end)

Blade angle= 0

Last phase: Plastic to hard


Blade arm Direction of rotation

Combination or finishing blades (blade end)

Blade angle= 20 - 30
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Concrete technology
Strike-off, floating and surface troweling equipment: Trowels

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Concrete technology
Strike-off, floating and surface troweling equipment: Trowels

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Concrete technology
Strike-off, floating and surface troweling equipment: Trowels

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Concrete technology
Strike-off, floating and surface troweling equipment: Trowels

Hand-held trowels
CT

Ride-on trowels
CRT

Edging trowels
CT

Troweling - 36 and 48 (915 mm + 1220 mm) Drives: - Honda 4-cylce engine - Wacker 4-cycle engine - Electric drive Handles - 6 versions

Troweling - 2 x 36, 2 x 48 (2 x 915 mm, 2 x 1220 mm) Drives - Honda 4-cycle engine - Wacker 4-cycle engine - B & S Vanguard 4-cycle engine - Lombardini diesel Wheel set - integrated in CRT 36
45

Troweling - 24 (610 mm) Drives: - Honda 4-cylce engine - Electric drive Handles - 1 version

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Concrete Technology

Utility

Wet screeds

Soil and Asphalt Compaction

Demolition

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Concrete technology
Spreading, screeding and surface compacting equipment: Wet screed

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Concrete technology
Spreading, screeding and surface compacting equipment: Wet screed

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Concrete technology
Spreading, screeding and surface compacting equipment: Wet screed

Wet screed
P 35

Blade lengths

- 1,2 1,5 1,8 2,0 2,4 3,0 3,7 4,3 4,9 Drives - Honda 4-cycle gasoline engine Centrifugal force - 7 settings
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Concrete Technology

Utility

Rebar cutters

Soil and Asphalt Compaction

Demolition

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Concrete technology
On site rebar cutting and bending: Rebar cutters

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Concrete technology
On site rebar cutting and bending: Rebar cutters

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Concrete technology
On site rebar cutting and bending: Rebar cutters

RCE 16/230 20/230 25/230 *

Rebar cutters

Attractive, competitive price Fixed handle Only shearing head Pressure relief valve can only be opened with separate tool (Allen key) Low operating weight High cutting performance
RCP 12/230 - 16/230 20/230 25/230 32/230 *

Cutting : 16 25 mm

Patented features: Interchangeable head mechanism Various handles Complete product range for almost all the usual rebar diameters Relief valve can be opened without tools (lever) High cutting performance Cutting : 12 32 mm
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Concrete Technology

Utility

Rebar tying machine

Soil and Asphalt Compaction

Demolition

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Concrete technology
On site rebar tie-down: Rebar tying machine

Rebar tying machine DF-16


for the quick and ergonomic tying of reinforcing steel bars (rebar) on the job site. The purpose of the tie-down is to develop a stiff skeleton, a so-called reinforcing cage.
Tie-down performance up to: Min. outside diameter: Max. outside diameter: 1000 knots/h 5 + 6 mm 16 + 16 mm

Min. clearance reinforcement : 15 20 mm Tie wires per wire strip: 77

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Concrete technology
On site rebar tie-down: Rebar tying machine

Rebar tying machine DF-16


for the quick and ergonomic tying of reinforcing steel bars (rebar) on the job site. The purpose of the tie-down is to develop a stiff skeleton, a so-called reinforcing cage.
Dimensions: Weight: 720 x 60 x 85 mm 2,2 kg

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Concrete technology
On site rebar tie-down: Rebar tying machine

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Concrete technology
On site rebar tie-down: Rebar tying machine

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Concrete technology
On site rebar tie-down: Rebar tying machine

Tie-down procedure Work sequence


Load tie wire Position Push Pull Finished knot Bending

Clearance under rebar: min 15 20 mm


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Always position unit vertically


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