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It is a term used to categorise methods of construction which use locally available resources and traditions to address local needs. Vernacular architecture tends to evolve over time to reflect the environmental, cultural and historical context in which it exists. It has often been dismissed as crude and unrefined, but also has proponents who highlight its importance in current design.
Laurie Baker
The use of local materials with consideration to local climate and participation of the people leads to A Holistic Design Approach.
The use of local materials and the participation of the people leads to a holistic design approach
VERNACULAR ARCHITECTURE
a building designed by an amateur without any training in design; the individual will have been guided by a series of conventions built up in his locality, paying little attention to what may be fashionable. The function of the building would be the dominant factor, aesthetic consderations, though present to some small degree, being quite minimal. Local materials would be used as a matter of course, other materials being chosen and imported quite exceptionally.
Our vernacular homes in Rajasthan In vernacular architecture, the conception of space begins with a single cell shelter. This is irrespective of the form and the material which may vary from one context to another.
categories.
kachcha
A kachcha is a building made of natural materials such a mud, grass, bamboo, thatch or sticks and is therefore a short-lived structure. Since it is not made for endurance it requires constant maintenance and replacement.
Pukka
A pukka is a structure made from materials resistant to wear, such as forms of stone or brick, clay tiles , metal or other durable materials, sometimes using mortar to bind, that does not need to be constantly maintained or replaced. However, such structures are expensive to construct as the materials are costly and more labor is required. A pukka may be elaborately decorated in contrast to a kachcha.
Semi-pukka
A combination of the kachcha and pukka style, the semipukka, has evolved as villagers have acquired the resources to add elements constructed of the durable materials characteristic of a pukka. Architecture as always evolves organically as the needs and resources of people change.
Regional variation
Building material depends on location. In hilly country where rocky rubble, ashlar, and pieces of stone are available, these can be patched together with a mud mortar to form walls. Finer stonework veneer covers the outside. Sometimes wood beams and rafters are used with slate tiles for roofing if available. Houses on hills usually have two stories, with the livestock living on the ground floor. Often a verandah runs along the side of the house. The roof is pitched to deal with the monsoon season and the house may sit on raised plinths or bamboo poles to cope with floods.
EARTH CONSTRUCTION In the flat lands, abodes are usually made of mud or sunbaked bricks, then plastered inside and out, sometimes with mud mixed with hay or even cow dung and whitewashed with lime.
Where bamboo is available (mainly in the north and northeastern states) it is widely used for all parts of the home as it is flexible and resilient. Also widely used is thatch from plants such as elephant grass, paddy, and coconut. In the south, clay tiles are used for pukka roofing while various plant material such as coconut palm is common for kachcha.
EARTH CONSTRUCTION
Auroville-Earth Construction
Auroville-Earth Construction
Bangalore
Kindergarten
The prototype of this 23m2 AUM House, which is earthquake, cyclone and flood resistant, has been built during the India International Trade Fair 99 at New Delhi. The house was prefabricated at Auroville and transported in a single lorry. The house weighed around 22. 5 tons and the lorry took 5 days to cover 2,900 Km between Auroville, Tamil Nadu, and New Delhi.
The packing of the house was done in such a way that only 8 blocks arrived broken out of 2,280 blocks. Ferrocement pieces had only little hair cracks. The superstructure of the prototype house has been assembled in 66 hours by the 18-man team of the former AVBC/Earth Unit. This AUM House prototype was sponsored by HUDCO. The India Trade Promotion Organisation awarded this house a Gold Medal for the excellence of its special demonstration
BAMBOO CONSTRUCTION
In the villages of Assam, houses are built with bamboo. These houses are detailed out to combat the heavy monsoons. The floor of the house is a bamboo weave that allows the water of a flood to flow in, rather than keep it out. This is an important principle of sustainable development.
75 lakhs
36 lakhs Technique Brick and Random Rubble with mud mortar construction
42 lakhs Technique Exposed brick with mud mortar and random rubble
39 lakhs Technique Exposed brick with mud mortar and random rubble
Toda hut
House in Agumbe
Courtesy-Dominic Sansoni
Houses near Benares showing settlement patterns in harmony with the environment.
(Courtesy-Dominic Sansoni.)
Thatched home on the East Coast of Tamil Nadu. A fishing village near Nagapattinam.
STONE
CONSTRUCTION
Barefoot College , Tilonia, Rajasthan. [since 1972 Social Work Research Centre The "Barefoot" (SWRC)] philosophy is based on the belief that village communities used to
develop and maintain their own store of knowledge, which has been devalued in recent times and is slowly dying as people migrate to the cities to look for jobs. To create a programme that respected local skills. Providing training and upgrading to help people help themselves.
local teachers, health-care providers, solar engineers and hand pump mechanics
fuses local labour and materials throughout illiterate farmers from Tilonia, along with twelve other Barefoot Architects, most of whom have no formal education
to demonstrate that village knowledge, skills and practical wisdom could be used for people's development, without depending on paper - qualified urban 'experts' from 'outside'.
One- and two-storey structures covering a ground-floor area of around 2,800 square metres.
Administrative buildings Medical block Library and dining hall Amphitheatre Guesthouse and residential blocks Craft centre Workshops and workrooms Telephone exchange
THANK YOU
Presentation-Ar Suvarna Lele