Escolar Documentos
Profissional Documentos
Cultura Documentos
Supplemental Materials
Outline
Introduction
Measuring temperature
Core and skin
Introduction
Environmental and Core Temperatures
Introduction
Heat Balance Equation
S M CV Cd R - E
Tissue Insulation
Combination of temperature and heat production responses
Sweat Rate
Whole body changes Hygrometry
Type of Thermocouples:
There are different types of thermocouples. The metals/alloys are different for different types and provide different temperature ranges.
Thermocouples (contd)
Mean TSK (C) = (0.3 * TCHEST) + (0.3 * TARM) + (0.2 * TTHIGH) + (0.2 * TLEG)
OR
Measurement of Metabolic Rate / Heat Production Expresses the heat produced by the body during any condition Requires collection of respiratory gases (i.e. VO2 and VCO2) Metabolism can be expressed as:
VO2 (ml/min or ml/kg) Calories (kcal) Kilojoules or Watts
Calculations:
kcal = (3.9 * LO2 used) + (1.1 * LCO2 produced) Watts = 60 * 1.163 * ((3.9 * LO2 used) + (1.1 * LCO2 produced))
Tissue insulation
The ability to resist loss of body heat The reciprocal of conductance
Why?
Muscle layer lost as insulative layer
TCO = Core temp (Final (or given) time point) TSK = Skin temp (Final (or given) time point) AD = Body Surface Area HP = Metabolism / Heat production (W) TCO = Change in TCO (Final (or given) Initial) Wt = Bodyweight (kg)
Toner, M.M., M.N. Sawka, M.E. Foley, and K.B. Pandolf. Effects of body mass and morphology on thermal responses in water. Journal of Applied Physiology. 60(2): 521-525, 1986.
Cold exposure:
Vasoconstriction. Decrease heat loss to the environment.
How is it measured?
Plethysmography Laser Doppler Flowmetry
Hygrometry
The release of moisture (i.e. sweat) from a site on the skin is used to measure a localized sweat rate.
Laboratory Demonstration
15 minutes Baseline (25C, 77F) 60 minutes Cold Air Exposure (5C, 41F) Variables
Core Temperature (Rectal Temperature) Skin Temperature (TSK)
Chest, Tricep, Thigh, Calf Mean TSK