Draft Resolution1.

1 Signatories: Luxembourg, UK, USA, Rwanda, Pakistan, China, Argentina, Togo, and Guatemala The United Nations Security Council, Affirming that the Durand Line is a legitimate border, Acknowledging resolutions UNSC 622 that authorised the deployment of UN Good Offices in Afghanistan and Pakistan, UNSC 1267 that established a regime of sanctions for the Taliban and the Al-Qaeda, UNSC 1386 that established the ISAF to assist in maintaining security of Kabul and its surrounding areas and UNSC 1401 that established UNAMA, Approving the definition of terrorism established by UNSC Resolution 1566, Clause 3 with the addition of the idea that terrorism extends to groups promoting separatism, extremism, and the propagation of violence, Having studied Afghanistans placement of border patrols, checkpoints, and immigration offices at the Durand Line border, Recalling the Inteqal framework under which the USA and NATO have committed to provision of military training and economic aid, Deeply disturbed by the insurgency on both sides of the Durand Line by extremist groups which has resulted in the unfortunate condition of Pakistans Prime Minister, Emphasizing the need for fair electoral legislation and stronger government post 2014 Afghanistan as stated in the Istanbul Process, Reaffirming the Tokyo Mutual Accountability framework, under which the aid provided to Afghanistan is dependent on their commitment to combat corruption and malpractice, Desiring international reconciliation with Afghani militant groups as long as they agree to disarm, demobilize and reintegrate into society as civilians as emphasized in the Qatar Office Negotiations, Convinced that both Pakistan and Afghanistan must initiate Afghan-led and Pakled processes in post 2014 as underlined by the Kabul Process, Fully aware of the problems faced by the Pashtuns in Khyber-Pakhtunkhwa and FATA regions and committed to solving them,

1. Recognises the Durand Line as the legitimate border between Afghanistan and Pakistan on the following bases: a. Historical accession of the 1893 Durand Line agreement between Afghani Amir, Abdur Rahman, and Mortimer Durand of British India, b. Numerous acceptances in 1905, 1919, 1921 under various Afghani governments, including involvement in the Khurram-Afghan Commission and others, c. Article 62 of the Vienna Convention on Succession of States and the Law of Treaties, which underlines Pakistans inheritance of the 1893 Agreement, d. De facto recognition by Afghanistan of the security benefits that this agreement will yield including benefits of cross border checkpoints, border deployment and immigration laws, e. The principle of utipossidetisjuris under international conventions; 2. Calls for bilateral negotiations between Afghanistan and Pakistan to be carried out in the following manner: a. Mediated by the G8+2(Iran and India) and the Shanghai Cooperation Organisation, b. Focus on economic development along the Af-Pak border and the surrounding regions, c. Encourage positive cohesion through an emphasis on similarities and common interests rather than differences; 3. Proposes that the following measures should be taken to enhance border security across the Durand Line: a. Creation of border checkpoints along the border and at all major mountain passes and crossing points by both nations, b. Ensure that the ratio of Afghani to Pakistani border troops and checkpoints is 1:1 to ensure equality, uniformity and stability, c. Bilateral talks with village elders to encourage them to be involved in border monitoring and reporting back to Pakistani security officials in the region for appropriate action; 4. Recommends that joint military exercises and training sessions be conducted in the following manner: a. Involvement of NATO-ISAF, SCO, CSTO, UNPKF and OSCE with separate contingents of troops and for distinct purposes, b. Conduct training sessions in small batches to maximize efficiency, c. Enabling both Pakistani and Afghani troops to attain optimal self sufficiency, d. Operate with a trial mandate of two years after which the process will be revaluated by both governments for potential extension; 5. Suggests the following improvements in the governance and security of the Federally Administered Tribal Areas (FATA): a. Giving a limited administrative authority to the tribal Shuras and Jirgas on localised issues confined to tribal areas and clans,

including but not limited to agricultural disputes, family issues and low-scale crimes, b. Giving the tribes a national forum to represent their grievances to the central government of Pakistan, c. Encourages employment of locals in development initiatives such as agricultural and industrial projects, d. Reinforces the Pakistans sovereign right to govern the FATA region; 6. Emphasizes the need for a comprehensive plan to combat narcoterrorism in the following ways: a. Containment: i. Track down the sources including funding and production of illicit drugs through the Financial Action Task Force and the Eurasian Action Group, ii. Urges that all consumer countries should introduce more rigorous demand reduction programs including but not limited to drug rehabilitation programs, religious media campaigns and drug therapy courts, iii. Proposes alternative economic developments such as saffron cultivation funded and assisted by the International Fund for Agriculture Development (IFAD), iv. An increased emphasis on saffron, which is significantly lucrative, by: 1. Providing seeds, technology and the knowledge necessary for the process to the farmers through academic UN bodies, 2. Funding the transition to saffron through community programs under the International Fund for Agricultural Development (IFAD), v. Preservation of poppy-free areas in Central Afghanistan through maintenance of agricultural alternatives, economic growth and enhanced security apparatus to prevent an expansion of the problem, vi. Creation of anti-drug and financial security belts around the Golden Crescent region, b. Crackdown: i. A crackdown on informal money channels through the SCO Interbank Council and financial cooperation between foreign banks, ii. Harm reduction programs to reduce the demand for drugs in consumer countries, ultimately ensuring that there is shared responsibility of narcotics eradication, iii. A military campaign in key regions such as the Kandahar and Helmand, iv. The use of intergovernmental investigations to tackle demand for drugs at the highest levels, not just by government officials but by family members, foreign sources or affiliated individuals part of the feudal nexus,

v. Destruction of illegal opium refinement centers, vi. A crackdown on informal money transfer systems to minimize the large amount of money being flown to terrorists abroad or being flown in from buyers abroad, c. Collaboration i. A greater focus by the international community, particularly Europe, Iran, Turkey and Tajikistan, on preventing drug imports and prosecuting offenders responsible to reduce global, lucrative demand for illegal cultivation, ii. Cooperation with undercover policemen and assistants/aliases of potential drug criminal suspects by offering them high rewards, iii. Greater collective efforts by SCO, OESC, CSTO, UNODC and UNAMA in this regard, iv. Afghan counter-narcotics forces should regularly take part in CSTO anti-drug Operation Channels as observers to improve their knowledge and gain external experience, d. Capacity building v. A national state-owned database of former and current suspected and definite criminals, their associated organizations, connections and networks, vi. Creation of a counter-narcotics information network, composed of rapid communication lines and joint rapid reaction forces between all SCO members, including Afghanistan and Pakistan, vii. Expand the coverage and reach of intelligence agencies into remote lands by employment of local volunteers, 7. Reaffirms the need for the following confidence-building measures between Afghanistan and Pakistan to improve bilateral ties: a. Once a year, Pakistan and Afghanistan share prison lists and if possible and when needed, Pakistan releases Afghan Taliban1 to boost reconciliation efforts, b. The governments take part in joint investment ventures on projects such as: i. Regional energy generation programs to meet similar energy needs, ii. Irrigation-sharing and network development programs to boost agriculture, iii. Educational physical exchanges of students and intellectual exchanges of resources to encourage more learning about the cultures of both countries, c. Countries should carry out, cross-analyze and discuss research under the Asia-Pacific Research and Training Network on Trade (ARTNet) and if dissemination and capacity building needs are met, they should consider giving each other the status of Most
1http://www.aljazeera.com/news/asia/2012/11/2012111462050926816.html

Favored Nation (MFN) and boost bilateral trade even further as part of the South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation (SAARC), d. Create a rapid, instant, un-bureaucratic, direct hotline between Afghanistan and Pakistan at the highest levels of the hierarchy, e. Track VII diplomacy involving religious scholars and leaders to reduce religious tensions and promote the message of peace in Afghan-Pak relations; 8. Calls for the establishment of a regulated system for Border Travel and Transfer Regime: a. A bilateral documentation and database system that allows and prohibits transport depending on the category of the traveller, handled by the KP, Balochi and border Afghani governments, b. Grant tribal people, nomads and Pashtun clans easement rights IDs if their tribes were divided by the border arrangement, c. Grant refugees and asylum seekers refugee IDs in line with the UN Convention on Refugees, and only allow movement if they plan to return to their homeland. They are otherwise obligated to respect their stay in Pakistan and the Durand Line till 2015. d. Enable economic migrants to travel into Pakistan on a one-time basis through economic migrant IDs but not return unless they plan to permanently return to their homeland, e. Effectively monitor and prevent crossing of unauthorized infiltrators through various measures suggested below, f. Afghanistan enacts matching legislation for uniform policing g. When a crisis such as the emergency that occurred withTehreek-ePashtunistan, a Loya Jirga consisting of the tribal leaders, clan elders, and all relevant parties not associated with violent and extremist organizations will be called to discuss the issue and have their opinions be heard by the central government, 9. Encourage the organization of tribal Shuras and Jirgas to pass judgment on limited matters such as inter-family feuds, agricultural disputes, low-level land claims and localized crimes if they: a. Agree to respect the national constitution, b. Are democratically elected by the clan or tribe, c. Submit to periodic monitoring; 10. Proposes to the Tehreek-i-Pashtunistan that upon cutting all ties with the Taliban they shall be allowed representation as a parliamentary body in the Pakistani Parliament, with all the rights and obligations included therein, and shall further be given the right to campaign for the rights and the needs of the Pashtuns in the Khyber Pakhtunkhwa in a national, legal and democratic system, 11. Emphasizes the need for awareness, prevention, treatment and rehabilitation of drug use requires a multi- pronged implementation strategy combining school based programmes, community based

prevention, health promotion activities and targeted prevention and intervention programmes focusing on street children, 12. Proposes that the following measures are absolutely essential in a post 2014 Afghanistan: a. Reconciliation with all important political groups in the areas and militants who are ready to give up arms, respect the Afghan national constitution, womens rights, agree to periodic monitoring and verification to stop destabilising the government b. Under the Afghan-USA Bilateral Security Agreement (BSA) the USA should commit to end drone strikes, prevent the deployment of any permanent foreign bases and forces in the area and agree to remove all heavy artillery from the region c. Suggests that nations buy crops and produce from Afghanistan and Pakistan at higher than market prices thus creating a large market and scope for the product, ultimately ensuring economic viability d. Calls for the creation of an Af-Pak Bilateral Security Agreement (APBSA) which underlines counter-terrorism operations and collective responsibility to carry out reconciliation and combat narco-trafficking e. Further calls for an Asian-centric and SCO led Resolute Partnership under which risk resistant state owned enterprises will invest in the mining industry of Afghanistan in return for favourable economic legislation and deals of leverage, 13. Decides to remain actively seized on the matter.