Photo: Ray Witlin

Africa
Driven by higher commodity prices and exports, output in the Africa Region rose 4.9 percent in fiscal 2012. The forecast is for continued growth, of 5.2 percent in 2012 and 5.6 percent in 2013. Growth has been widespread, with more than a third of countries posting annual growth rates of at least 6 percent and another 40 percent growing between 46 percent. World Bank Assistance Support from the Bank reached $7.5 billion this fiscal year, including $7.4 billion from IDA and 147 million in IBRD commitments. The leading sectors were Public Administration, Law, and Justice ($1.9 billion), Energy and Mining ($1.4 billion), and Water, Sanitation, and Flood Protection ($1.4 billion). Africa has experienced improved outcomes across a variety of indi cators. The number of people living in extreme poverty has declined, under-five mortality and maternal mortality have both fallen, primary school completion rates have risen faster than anywhere else in the world, and the rate of HIV infection has stabilized. The business climate is improv ing, attracting investment in telecommunications, real estate, and retail. And remittances also increased, reaching a record high of $23 billion. Enormous development challenges remain in Africa, however, where about half the population lives at the extreme poverty level, $1.25 a day, and governance and transparency remain weak. To improve conditions, the Banks strategy for Africa, adopted in fiscal 2012, shifts from a more general focus on seeking economic stability and sound fundamentals. The new strategy is built on one foundationgovernance and public sector capacityand two pillarscompetitiveness and employment, and vul nerability and resilience. Improving Governance and Public Sector Capacity In an effort to emphasize good governance and encourage citizens and their organizations to hold governments accountable, the Bank is building on citizens feedback with projects such as the Kenya Cash Transfer for Orphans and Vulnerable Children Project. The Bank incorporates citizen report cards, participatory targeting and monitoring, citizen grievance and appeal mechanisms, biannual social audits, and transparent posting of beneficiaries and targeting information. In Sierra Leone, the Bank has been strongly engaged in reestablishing basic public finance management capacity in the Ministry of Finance while also using parallel interventions to strengthen check-and-balance institu tions such as the Anti-Corruption Commission. Increasing Competitiveness The Banks work is closely aligned with the Comprehensive Africa Agri culture Development Program, an Africa-owned and -led initiative for increasing productivity in agriculture. In fiscal 2012, the Bank provided $0.9 billion in development financing for agriculture.
FIGURE 2.2

FIGURE 2.1

AFRICA IBRD AND IDA LENDING BY SECTOR | FISCAL 2012

SHARE OF TOTAL OF $7.5 BILLION

AFRICA IBRD AND IDA LENDING BY THEME | FISCAL 2012

SHARE OF TOTAL OF $7.5 BILLION

Water, Sanitation, and Flood protection

18%

10%

Agriculture, Fishing, and Forestry

3%

Economic Management Urban Development Trade and Integration Social Protection and Risk Management
5% 17%

< 1%

13%

Environmental and Natural Resources Management

Education
18%

Transportation Public Administration, Law, and Justice

5%

Energy and Mining

16%

Financial and Private Sector Development

12% 3% 4% 12%

25% 15%

1%

Finance Health and Other Social Services Industry and Trade

Social Development, Gender, and Inclusion Rural Development

9%

Human Development Public Sector Goverance Rule of Law

Information and Communications

1%

4%

12%

< 1%

Countries Eligible for World Bank Borrowing Angola Benin Botswana Burkina Faso Burundi Cameroon Cape Verde Central African Republic Chad Comoros Democratic Republic of Congo Republic of Congo Cte dIvoire Equatorial Guinea Eritrea Ethiopia Gabon The Gambia Ghana Guinea Guinea-Bissau Kenya Lesotho Liberia Madagascar Malawi Mali Mauritania Mauritius Mozambique Namibia Niger Nigeria Rwanda So Tom and Principe Senegal Seychelles Sierra Leone Republic of South Sudan South Africa

IBRD 34941 AUGUST 20 for 2012 Annual Report locator ma Swaziland

Tanzania Togo Uganda Zambia

The Bank has also focused on improvements in infrastructure, espe cially transport corridors, to enhance trade facilitation, information and communication technologies, and energy. Bank support to energy proj ects provided an additional 1.4 million people with access to electricity in project countries during fiscal 2011. The Transportation sector con structed or rehabilitated an additional 6,646 kilometers of roads. The Water, Sanitation, and Flood Protection sector improved water sources for more than 8 million people. As a result of Bank-financed projects, 28.0 million people gained access to basic packages of health, nutrition, and population services, and 2.3 mil lion women received antenatal care for the first time. Bank support helped build or rehabilitate more than 12,000 primary school classrooms and purchase and distribute some 25 million textbooks. To improve job skills, the Bank launched a major partnership on service delivery indicators in the Education and Health and Other Social Services sectors, so the public can demand better learning outcomes. Reducing Vulnerability and Increasing Resilience Climate changerelated and natural disasters contributed to massive losses this fiscal year. Drought in the Horn of Africa, for example, displaced millions of people. In response, in September 2011, the Bank nearly qua drupled the amount it allocated the previous July, increasing funding to $1.88 billion over three years. In addition to helping meet immediate food needs, the Bank will invest in better weather forecasting and early warning systems, drought resilience, and other risk management measures.

In fiscal 2012, $165 million was disbursed and $944 million committed for fast-tracking drought prevention projects and programs throughout Africa. In addition to the above, in fiscal 2012, the regional Horn of Africa Emergency Health and Nutrition Project helped treat more than 35,000 malnourished children under age five living in refugee camps, with $30 million in funding from IDAs Crisis Response Window. (See http://world bank.org/afr.)

Africa Results Highlights  In Burundi, the Banks results-based financing program is help ing to improve child and maternal health. In a single year, (from June 30, 2010 to June 20, 2011), the proportion of births at health facilities rose 25 percent, the proportion of women receiving antenatal care rose more than 20 percent, and the number of fully vaccinated children rose more than 10 percent. More than 1.6 million men, women, and children have benefited from the program. (See http://go.worldbank.org/J0Z8NRGLN0.)  Average farm incomes in Malawi rose 60 percent, and 1.5 million people achieved food security through horticulture diversifica tion projects that increased crop yields by as much as 75 percent in 11 targeted districts. As a result of the Irrigation, Rural Livelihoods, and Agricultural Development Project, yields rose from 1.6 tons to 2.8 tons per hectare for maize and from 1.0 tons to 1.6 tons per hectare for rice between 2006 and 2011. (See http://go.worldbank.org/D6LFX7H6I0.)  In Niger, during the decade 200111, 541,000 people living in cities gained access to piped water, which is now supplied con tinuously throughout the service area and no longer rationed. Over the past five years, water losses decreased from 20 percent to 15 percent, and bill collection improved from 79 percent to 97 percent. As a result of the Niger Water Project, 120,000 people also gained access to improved sanitation. (See http://go.world bank.org/4KTG64RCA0.)

AFRICA REGIONAL SNAPSHOT Total population Population growth Life expectancy at birth Infant mortality per 1,000 live births Female youth literacy Number of people living with HIV/AIDS 2011 GNI per capita GDP per capita index (2000 = 100) 0.9 billion 2.5% 54 years 77 69% 23.5 million $1,254 125

Note: Life expectancy at birth, infant mortality rate per 1,000 live births, and female youth literacy are for 2010; other indicators are for 2011 from the World Development Indicators database. HIV/AIDS data are from the 2012 UNAIDS report, Together We Will End AIDS.

TOTAL FISCAL 2012 TOTAL FISCAL 2012 New commitments IBRD $147 million IDA $7,379 million Disbursements IBRD $488 million IDA $5,746 million

Portfolio of projects under implementation as of June 30, 2012: $40.2 billion