2007 FTM Handbook 1 50

AUSTRALIA
Fastening Technology Manual
Australia Fastening Technology Manual

Issue 2007 Sept Re-print
Hilti. Outperform. Outlast
Hilti. Outperform. Outlast.
Hilti Australia Pty Ltd 23 Egerton Street, Silverwater New South Wales 2128 T 131 292 F 1300 135 042 www.hilti.com.au
Issue 2007 Sept Re-print
AUSTRALIA
Fastening Technology Manual
Issue 2007 Sept. Re-print

1
Important notice
1. Construction materials and conditions vary on different sites. If it is suspected that the base material has insufficient strength to achieve a suitable fastening, contact the Hilti Technical Advisory Service. 2. The information and recommendations given herein are based on the principles, formulae and safety factors set out in the Hilti technical instructions, the operating manuals, the setting instructions, the installation manuals and other data sheets that are believed to be correct at the time of writing. The data and values are based on the respective average values obtained from tests under laboratory or other controlled conditions. It is the users responsibility to use the data given in the light of conditions on site and taking into account the intended use of the products concerned. The user has to check if the listed prerequisites and criteria conform with the conditions actually existing on the job-site. Whilst Hilti can give general guidance and advice, the nature of Hilti products means that the ultimate responsibility for selecting the right product for a particular application must lie with the customer. 3. All products must be used, handled and applied strictly in accordance with all current instructions for use published by Hilti, i.e. technical instructions, operating manuals, setting instructions, installation manuals etc. 4. All products are supplied and advice is given subject to the Hilti terms of business. 5.Hiltis policy is one of continuous development. We therefore reserve the right to alter specifications, etc. without notice. 6. The given mean ultimate loads and characteristic data in the Fastening Technology Manual reflect actual test results and are thus valid only for the indicated test conditions. Due to variations in local base materials, on-site testing is required to determine performance at any specific site. 7. Hilti is not obligated for direct, indirect, incidental or consequential damages, losses or expenses in connection with, or by reason of, the use of, or inability to use the products for any purpose. Implied warranties of merchantability or fitness for a particular purpose are specifically excluded.
Head Office: Hilti (Aust.) Pty. Ltd. ABN 44 007 602 100 (ACN 007 602 100) 23 Egerton Street Silverwater NSW 2128 Phone: (02) 8748 1000 Fax: (02) 8748 1190 Website: www.hilti.com.au Telephone: 131 292 Anywhere in Australia
Hilti = registered trademark of the Hilti Corporation, Schaan
Right of technical and programme changes reserved
S. E. & O.
In our strive to become your best partner, we have compiled all design data relevant to anchoring solutions in this new Fastening Technology Manual. It is intended to make your work easier, help to solve fastening problems in their many forms safely as well as reliable and furthermore to optimize the entire fastening system cost.
Through our world-wide direct sales organisations, contact is made with more than 70,000 customers every day, ensuring that we keep abreast of market needs and fastening problems. International application know-how, highly specialised research and development,
the latest production plant and equipment as well as an optimised quality assurance system give our customers the assurance of receiving top quality and enjoying a maximum of safety with the products they use. The Fastening Technology Manual will be a reliable reference work for you when solving your design and fastening problems. It is verification that you are working with a partner aware of the demanding responsibility of modern fastening technology.
Please contact us anytime if your have questions or require additional information or guidance.
Danilo Calabr
Engineering Support
Engineering support We have Field Engineers in Perth, Brisbane, Sydney, Melbourne and Adelaide. How can they help you, the consulting engineers? Ensure that you can choose or specify the right product for each application, in particular in the field of anchor fastenings for concrete and firestop systems. Provide a problem solving and technical support function. Carry out seminars on Hilti products and technical related subjects at your request.
This compact Fastening Technology Manual, which you have in your hands, is just part of a comprehensive range of engineering software which includes More detailed technical information on specific topics or products as required Anchor Design programme PROFIS Anchor. Hilti Field Engineers Located at the Following Addresses: Sydney: 23 Egerton St, Silverwater. 2128 Fax: (02) 8748 1191 203-205 Normanby Road, South Melbourne. 3205 Fax: 1300 135 042 Unit 2, 160 Fison Ave West, Eagle Farm. 4009 Fax: 1300 135 042 52 Richmond Rd, Keswick. 5035 Fax: (08) 8371 2553 23 Belmont Ave, Belmont. 6104 Fax: (08) 9479 4687
Melbourne:
Brisbane:
Adelaide:
Perth:
NATIONAL PHONE NO. 131 292

Head office: HILTI (AUST.) PTY. LTD ABN 44 007 602 100 (ACN 007 602 100) 23 Egerton St, Silverwater NSW 2128 Tel: (02) 8748 1000 Fax: (02) 8748 1190 www.hilti.com.au
Contents
Application guide 1 Base materials

1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 Concrete.............................................................................................................................. Masonry............................................................................................................................... Other base materials ........................................................................................................... Why does an anchor hold in base material? ....................................................................... 1.4.1 Failure modes......................................................................................................... 1.4.1.1 Effect of static loading ............................................................................. 1.4.1.2 Influence of cracks ..................................................................................
8 16 16 17 18 19 20 20 21 23 26 30 32 36 36 37 38 41 42 43 47 48 51
Corrosion
3.1 Dynamic design for anchors 3.2 Dynamic set for shear resistance upgrade 4
5
Resistance to fire
Anchor design
5.1 5.2 Safety concept ................................................................................................................... Design methods ................................................................................................................. 5.2.1 Ultimate limit state design method........................................................................... 5.2.2 Differences according to ETAG .............................................................................. 5.2.3 Anchor Design Program PROFIS Anchor .............................................................. 5.2.4 Anchor Design according to the Ultimate limit state design method (Hilti CC method) 5.2.5 Traditional Hilti design method ...............................................................................
Specifying Hilti anchors
7.1 Adhesive anchoring systems

Heavy duty anchors HVU with HAS adhesive anchor (externally threaded rod) .......................................................... HVU with HIS-N/-RN adhesive anchor (internally threaded sleeve)............................................. HIT-RE 500 injection adhesive with HAS rod ............................................................................... Medium duty anchors HIT-HY 150 with HAS injection adhesive anchor (externally threaded rod) ................................. HIT-RE 500 injection adhesive with HAS rod .............................................................................. Light duty anchors HIT-HY 20 with HIT-AN/-IG injection adhesive anchor ................................................................
51 60 68
78 87
95
Contents
7.2 Mechanical anchoring systems

Heavy duty anchors HDA design anchor ................................................................................................................... HSL-3, HSL-3-B heavy duty anchor ......................................................................................... HSL-G-R stainless steel heavy duty anchor .............................................................................. Tilt-up construction ..................................................................................................................... Medium duty anchors HSC safety anchor ..................................................................................................................... HSA stud anchor ........................................................................................................................ HKD-S, HKD-SR drop-in anchor................................................................................................. HUS-H screw anchor ............................................................................................................... Worked example .....................................................................................................................
98 98 108 116 122
124 133 143 150 159
Rebar fastening
8.1 Rebar fastening application .............................................................................................. 8.1.1 Post-fix system advantages ................................................................................ 8.1.2 Application examples .......................................................................................... Differences between anchor & rebar fastening design .............................................. HIT-RE 500 injection adhesive with rebar (Anchor design) ........................................ Rebar fastening design concept .................................................................................... 8.4.1 Scope .................................................................................................................. 8.4.2 Symbols............................................................................................................... 8.4.3 Fastening design approach ................................................................................. 8.4.4 Design tables ....................................................................................................... Design tables for Hilti HIT-HY 150 .................................................................... Design tables for Hilti HIT-RE 500 ....................................................................
161 161 161 161 164 165 174 174 175 178 182 186 187 190 190 190 192
8.2 8.3 8.4
8.5
Test reports, Supplementary information ......................................................................... 8.5.1 Relevant reports .................................................................................................. 8.5.2 Test results: Pull-out tests on rebars ................................................................... 8.5.3 Test results: Full scale beam test ........................................................................
Contents
9 DX Powder actuated fastening

9.1 9.2 9.3 9.4 9.5 9.6 9.7 9.8 9.9 Introduction to DX fastening ............................................................................................. Table of DX symbols & nomenclature .............................................................................. X-DNI general purpose nails for concrete, sand lime masonry & steel ............................ X-CR stainless steel nails for fastening to steel ............................................................... X-CR stainless steel nails for concrete, sand lime masonry & steel ................................ X-CRM stainless steel threaded studs ............................................................................. X-BT stainless steel threaded studs ................................................................................. X-FCM & X-FF grating fastening, X-FCP floor plate fastening ......................................... X-HS threaded rod hanger system, X-CC wire/rod ceiling clip ........................................
193 193 194 195 197 199 201 203 205 207
Application guide
Application guide
Anchor Details Concrete
HVU adhesive anchor
Comprises a foil capsule & threaded rods or internally threaded sleeves. Styrene free vinylurethane resins, give high loadings, good bonding. Sizes M8 to M36 The two component Hilti HIT adhesive is supplied in a composite dual foil pack with mixer. Once injected into the hole, Hilti HIT can be used with a wide variety of connections: anchor rods, internally threaded sleeves, rebars etc. Sizes M8-M24 (& above as specials).
Hilti HIT injection technique
HIT-HY 150 injection mortar The two component Hilti HIT adhesive is supplied in a composite dual foil pack with mixer. Once injected into the hole, Hilti HIT can be used with a wide variety of connections: anchor rods, internally threaded sleeves etc. Sizes M8-M16. HIT-HY 20 injection mortar The two component Hilti HIT adhesive is supplied in a composite dual foil pack with mixer. Once injected into the hole, Hilti HIT can be used predominantly with reinforcing bars, but also anchor rods. HIT-RE 500 injection adhesive HDA-P design anchor HDA-T design anchor An undercut is formed during the setting operation, using a simple setting tool. Visual check for correct setting. Complete removal possible. Where high loads and stringent safety requirements must be met. Sizes M10-M20. A steel mechanical expansion anchor for heavy duty fastenings, where safety is a key requirement. Indicator nut version, HSL-3-B, with red cap nut which breaks off when anchor correctly set. Sizes M8-M24. HSC produces its own undercut when set. The undercut is produced simultaneously when driving the anchor sleeve over the anchor. Available with external and internal threads. Sizes M8-M12. A stud anchor complete with nut and washer. Suitable for in-place through fastenings. Wide range of sizes and lengths available. M6-M20 sizes available (HSA, HSA-R) M6-M20 sizes available. An internally threaded metal anchor, with shallow embedment depth, which can be set flush with the surface. M6-M20 internal thread sizes. A concrete screw anchor, set with a special setting tool, directly into a drilled hole. For temporary indoor & outdoor fixings, permanent indoor fixings.
HSL-3 heavy duty anchor
HSC-A safety anchor
HSC-I safety anchor HSA stud anchor
HKD-S drop in anchor
HUS-H concrete screw anchor
Application guide
Solid Masonry Hollow Masonry Flush setting/or removable Dynamic loading Small edge dist. & anchor spacing Stainless steel avail. Fire rating
Application guide
Application guide
Application guide
HVU adhesive capsule

Thread Size Hole diameter (mm) Standard embed. depth (mm) Nrd (kN) fc,cyl = 25MPa Vrd1) (kN) fc,cyl = 25MPa Spacing min (tension) (mm) Edge dist. min (tension) (mm) Foil Capsule designation Threaded rod designation
For external thread HAS-E rod M8 10 80 12.9 M10 12 90 17.4 M12 14 110 25.0 M16 18 125 36.4 M20 24 170 66.0 M24 28 210 95.1 M30 35 270 153.0 M36 40 330 213.5 Loads are based on HAS-E rod; grade 5.8 For internal thread HIS-N sleeve M8 14 90 9.8 M10 18 110 15.4 M12 22 125 22.5 M16 28 170 41.8 M20 32 205 65.6
7.9 160 80 HVU-M8 x 80 12.6 180 90 HVU-M10 x 90 18.3 220 110 HVU-M12 x 110 34.6 250 140 HVU-M16 x 125 54 340 180 HVU-M20 x 170 77.8 420 210 HVU-M24 x 210 199.3 540 270 HVU-M30 x 270 291.5 660 330 HVU-M36 x 330 steel ( M8 - M24) and grade 8.8 ( M30 - M36)
HAS-E M8 HAS-E M10 HAS-E M12 HAS-E M16 HAS-E M20 HAS-E M24 HAS-E M30 HAS-E M36
7 11.1 16.2 30.2 47
180 220 250 340 410
90 110 140 180 210
HVU-M10 x 90 HVU-M12 x 110 HVU-M16 x 125 HVU-M20 x 170 HVU-M24 x 210
HIS-N M8 HIS-N M10 HIS-N M12 HIS-N M16 HIS-N M20
Load values for HIS-N are based using grade 4.6 bolt Hilti HIT-RE 500 injection adhesive
Thread size Hole diameter (mm) Standard embed. depth (mm) Nrd Vrd1) Spacing min (kN) (kN) (tension) fc,cyl = 25 MPa fc,cyl = 25 MPa (mm) Edge dist. min (tension) (mm) Ordering designation
For external thread HAS-E rod M8 10 80 12.9 M10 12 90 17.4 M12 14 110 25.0 M16 18 125 36.4 M20 24 170 66.0 M24 28 210 95.1 M30 35 270 153.0 M36 40 330 213.5 Hilti HIT-HY 150 injection mortar
Thread size Hole diameter (mm) Standard embed. depth (mm)
7.9 12.6 18.3 34.6 54.0 77.8 199.3 291.5
160 180 220 250 340 420 540 660
80 90 110 140 180 210 270 330
HAS-E M8 HAS-E M10 HAS-E M12 HAS-E M16 HAS-E M20 HAS-E M24 HAS-E M30 HAS-E M36
Loads are based on HAS-E rod; grade 5.8 steel (M8 - M24) and grade 8.8 (M30 - M36)
Nrd Vrd1) Spacing min (kN) (kN) (tension) fc,cyl = 25 MPa fc,cyl = 25 MPa (mm) Edge dist. min (tension) (mm) Ordering designation
For external thread HAS-E rod M8 10 80 8.8 M10 12 90 11.8 M12 14 110 17.6 M16 18 125 22.5 M20 22 170 38.2 M24 28 210 47.7
7.9 12.6 18.3 34.6 54 77.8
160 180 220 250 340 420
80 90 110 140 180 210
HAS-E M8 x 80/14 anchor rod HAS-E M10 x 90/21 anchor rod HAS-E M12 x 110/28 anchor rod HAS-E M16 x 125/38 anchor rod HAS-E M20 x 170/48 anchor rod HAS-E M24 x 210/54 anchor rod
Nrd = Ultimate Limit States Design Tensile Resistance (static) Vrd = Ultimate Limit States Design Shear Resistance (static) Vrd1) = Steel failure in shear (with no edge distance or anchor spacing influences, based on Hilti CC method) Edge distance min. and spacing min. refer to the critical edge distance and spacing to retain full load capacity in tension only. For shear loads and closer edge distances or spacings please refer to the Hilti Fastening Technology Manual or contact your local Hilti Engineer
10
Application guide
Hilti HIT-HY 150 injection mortar

Thread size Hole diameter (mm) Standard embed. depth (mm) Nrd Vrd1) Spacing min (kN) (kN) (tension) fc,cyl = 25 MPa fc,cyl = 25 MPa (mm) Edge dist. min (tension) (mm) Ordering designation
For internal thread HIS-N sleeve M8 14 90 9.8 M10 18 110 14.9 M12 22 125 18.9 M16 28 170 32.7 M20 32 205 39.1
7 11.1 16.2 30.2 47
180 220 250 340 420
90 110 140 180 210
HIS-N M8 x 90 anchor sleeve HIS-N M10 x 110 anchor sleeve HIS-N M12 x 125 anchor sleeve HIS-N M16 x 170 anchor sleeve HIS-N M20 x 205 anchor sleeve
Load values for HIS-N are based using grade 4.6 bolt Hilti HIT-HY 20 injection mortar
Thread size Hole diameter (mm) Standard embed. depth (mm) Hollow concrete block Nrec Vrec (kN) (kN) Extruded brick Nrec Vrec (kN) (kN) Use with Ordering designation required sleeve
For External thread HIT-AN rod M8 16 85 1.5 M10 16 85 1.5 M12 16 85 1.5 M16 20 85 1.5 For Internal thread HIT-IG sleeve M8 16 85 1.5 M10 20 85 1.5 M12 20 85 1.5
2.5 2.8 3 4
3 3.2 3.5 4
3.5 5.5 7.5 10
HIT-SC 16/85 HIT-SC 16/85 HIT-SC 16/85 HIT-SC 20/85
HIT-AN M8 x 80/9 anchor rod HIT-AN M10 x 80/16 anchor rod HIT-AN M12 x 80/19 anchor rod HIT-A M16 x 130 anchor rod
2.5 2.8 3
3 3.2 3.5
3.5 5.5 7.5
HIT-SC 16/85 HIT-IG M8 anchor sleeve HIT-SC 20/85 HIT-IG M10 anchor sleeve HIT-SC 20/85 HIT-IG M12 anchor sleeve
Hilti HIT-RE 500 injection adhesive
ANCHOR FASTENING DESIGN MODEL for N500 Grade Rebar

Bar size Hole diameter (mm) Standard embed. depth (mm) Nrd (kN) fc,cyl = 25 MPa Vrd1) (kN) fc,cyl = 25 MPa Spacing min (tension) (mm) Edge dist. min (tension) (mm)
N10 N12 N16 N20 N24 N28 N32 N36 N40
12-14 15-16 20-22 25-28 29-32 34-37 39-42 44-46 48-50
90 110 125 170 210 270 300 330 360
20.3 29.7 45.0 76.4 117.9 148.2 174.3 198.6 222.6
31.4 45.2 80.4 125.7 181 246.3 321.7 407.2 502.7
180 220 250 340 420 540 600 660 720
90 110 125 170 210 270 300 330 360
REBAR FASTENING DESIGN MODEL for N500 Grade Rebar See design tables on pages 186-189 This model is used when the designer is required to transfer the existing steel stresses in a cast-in reinforcing bar to a "post-fixed" reinforcing bar.
Nrd = Ultimate Limit States Design Tensile Resistance (static) Vrd = Ultimate Limit States Design Shear Resistance (static) Nrec = Recommended working tensile load (static) Vrec = Recommended working shear load (static) Vrd1) = Steel failure in shear (with no edge distance or anchor spacing influences, based on Hilti CC method) Edge distance min. and spacing min. refer to the critical edge distance and spacing to retain full load capacity in tension only. For shear loads and closer edge distances or spacings please refer to the Hilti Fastening Technology Manual or contact your local Hilti Engineer
11
Application guide
Application guide
Application guide
HDA-T*
Thread Hole Anchorage Max thick. Clearance Nrd Vrd1) Spacing min Edge dist. Tightening Ordering Size dia. depth fastened hole (kN) (kN) (tension) min (tension) torque designation (mm) (mm) (mm) (mm) fc,cyl = 25 MPa fc,cyl = 25 MPa (mm) (mm) (Nm)
M10 M12 M12 M16 M16 M20 M20
20 22 22 30 30 37 37
100 125 125 190 190 250 250
20 30 50 40 60 50 100
21 23 23 32 32 40 40
30.7 44.7 44.7 84.0 84.0 130.7 130.7
43.3 53.3 53.3 93.3 93.3 140.0 140.0
300 375 375 570 570 750 750
150 187 187 285 285 375 375
50 80 80 120 120 300 300
HDA-T 20-M10x100/20 HDA-T 22-M12x125/30 HDA-T 22-M12x125/50 HDA-T 30-M16x190/40 HDA-T 30-M16x190/60 HDA-T 37-M20x250/50 HDA-T 37-M20x250/100
HDA-P*
Thread Hole Anchor. Max thick. Clearance Nrd Size dia. depth fastened hole (kN) (mm) (mm) (mm) (mm) fc,cyl = 25 MPa Vrd1) (kN)
fc,cyl = 25 MPa
Spacing min (tension) (mm)
Edge dist. Tight. min (tens.) torque (mm) (Nm)
Ordering designation
M10 20 100 M12 22 125 M12 22 125 M16 30 190 M16 30 190 M20 37 250 M20 37 250 * may be subject
20 30 50 40 60 50 100 to lead
12 30.7 17.6 300 14 44.7 24.0 375 14 44.7 24.0 375 18 84.0 49.6 570 18 84.0 49.6 570 22 130.7 78.4 750 22 130.7 78.4 750 time. Contact your local Hilti Engineer
150 187 187 285 285 375 375
50 80 80 120 120 300 300
HDA-P 20-M10x100/20 HDA-P 22-M12x125/30 HDA-P 22-M12x125/50 HDA-P 30-M16x190/40 HDA-P 30-M16x190/60 HDA-P 37-M20x250/50 HDA-P 37-M20x250/100
HSL-3-B
Thread Hole Hole Size dia. depth (mm) min. (mm) Max thick. Clearance Nrd Vrd1) fastened hole (kN) (kN) fc,cyl = 25 MPa fc,cyl = 25 MPa (mm) (mm) Spacing min (tension) (mm) Edge dist. min Tight. (tension) torque (mm) (Nm) Ordering designation
M12 M12 M16 M16 M20 M20 M24 M24
18 18 24 24 28 28 32 32
105 105 125 125 155 155 180 180
25 50 25 50 30 60 30 60
20 20 26 26 31 31 35 35
26.5 26.5 36.9 36.9 51.6 51.6 67.9 67.9
57.4 57.4 80.9 80.9 113.5 113.5 141.9 141.9
240 240 300 300 375 375 450 450
120 120 150 150 190 190 225 225
Automatic Torque Control Cap
HSL-3-B M12/25 HSL-3-B M12/50 HSL-3-B M16/25 HSL-3-B M16/50 HSL-3-B M20/30 HSL-3-B M20/60 HSL-3-B M24/30 HSL-3-B M24/60
12
Application guide
HSL-3
Thread Hole Hole Size dia. depth (mm) min. (mm) Max thick. Clearance Nrd Vrd1) Spacing min fastened hole (kN) (kN) (tension) fc,cyl = 25 MPa fc,cyl = 25 MPa (mm) (mm) (mm) Edge dist. min Tight. Ordering designation (tension) torque (mm) (Nm)
M8 M10 M10 M12 M12 M16 M16 M20 M20 M24 M24
12 15 15 18 18 24 24 28 28 32 32
80 90 90 105 105 125 125 155 155 180 180
20 20 40 25 50 25 50 30 60 30 60
14 17 17 20 20 26 26 31 31 35 35
11.5 16.9 16.9 26.5 26.5 36.9 36.9 51.6 51.6 67.9 67.9
24.9 39.4 39.4 57.4 57.4 80.9 80.9 113.5 113.5 141.9 141.9
180 210 210 240 240 300 300 375 375 450 450
90 105 105 120 120 150 150 190 190 225 225
25 50 50 80 80 120 120 200 200 250 250
HSL-3 M8/20 HSL-3 M10/20 HSL-3 M10/40 HSL-3 M12/25 HSL-3 M12/50 HSL-3 M16/25 HSL-3 M16/50 HSL-3 M20/30 HSL-3 M20/60 HSL-M24/30 HSL-M24/60
HSL-G-R* (stainless steel)

Thread Hole Size dia. (mm) Hole depth min. (mm) Max thick. fastened (mm) Clearance Nrd hole (kN) fc,cyl = 25 MPa (mm) Vrd (kN)
fc,cyl = 25 MPa
Edge dist. min (tension) (mm)
Tight. torque (Nm)
M8 12 80 20 14 10.4 14.9 195 M10 15 90 20 17 15.1 23.5 225 M12 18 100 25 20 19.1 34.1 240 M16 24 125 25 26 30.9 63.6 315 M20 28 155 30 31 47.3 99.3 390 * available subject to lead time. Contact your local Hilti Engineer
165 190 200 265 325
25 40 80 120 200
HSL-G-R M8/20 HSL-G-R M10/20 HSL-G-R M12/25 HSL-G-R M16/25 HSL-G-R M20/30
HSC-A
Thread Hole Hole Size dia. depth (mm) (mm) Max thick. Clearance Nrd Vrd1) Spacing min fastened hole (kN) (kN) (tension) (mm) (mm) fc,cyl = 25 MPa fc,cyl = 25 MPa (mm) Edge dist. min (tension) (mm) Tight. Ordering designation torque (Nm)
M8 M10 M12
14 16 18
46 46.5 68
15 20 20
9 12 14
9.4 9.4 17.2
11.7 18.6 27.0
120 120 180
60 60 90
10 20 30
HSC-A M8x40/15 HSC-A M10x40/20 HSC-A M12x60/20
13
Application guide
Application guide
Application guide
HSC-I
Thread Hole Size dia. (mm) Hole depth (mm) Clearance hole (mm) Nrd (kN)
fc,cyl = 25 MPa
Vrd1) (kN)
fc,cyl = 25 MPa
Tight. torque (Nm)
M8 M10 M10 M12
16 18 18 20
46.5 56 68 68.5
9 12 12 14
9.4 13.1 17.2 17.2
9.8 12.2 12.2 14.6
120 150 180 180
60 75 90 90
10 20 30 30
HSC-I M8x40 HSC-I M10x50 HSC-I M10x60 HSC-I M12x60
HSA (common sizes here only)

Thread Size Hole Hole dia. depth (mm) min. (mm) Max thick. fastened (mm) Clearance hole (mm) Nrd (kN)
fc,cyl = 25 MPa
Vrd1) (kN)
fc,cyl = 25 MPa
Tight. torque (Nm)
M6 6 55 10 7 3.3 M6 6 55 30 7 3.3 M8 8 65 10 9 6.7 M8 8 65 27 9 6.7 M10 10 70 20 12 6.7 M10 10 70 37 12 6.7 M10 10 70 50 12 6.7 M12 12 95 5 14 11.9 M12 12 95 25 14 11.9 M12 12 95 55 14 11.9 M12 12 95 85 14 11.9 M16 16 115 5 18 23.3 M16 16 115 25 18 23.3 M16 16 115 75 18 23.3 M20 20 130 30 22 33.3 Load values are based on standard anchorage depths
3.6 3.6 6.5 6.5 9.9 9.9 9.9 14.2 14.2 14.2 14.2 26.5 26.5 26.5 41.5
120 120 144 144 150 150 150 210 210 210 210 252 252 252 309
60 60 72 72 75 75 75 105 105 105 105 126 126 126 154
5 5 15 15 30 30 30 50 50 50 50 100 100 100 200
HSA M6 x 65 HSA M6 x 85 HSA M8 x 75 HSA M8 x 92 HSA M10 x 90 HSA M10 x 108 HSA M10 x 120 HSA M12 X 100 HSA M12 X 120 HSA M12 X 150 HSA M12 X 180 HSA M16 X 120 HSA M16 X 140 HSA M16 x 190 HSA M20 x 170
14
Application guide
HKD-S drop-in anchor

Thread Hole Hole depth Screwing Size dia. min. depth (mm) (mm) (mm) Nrd (kN) Vrd1) (kN) Spacing min (tension) (mm) Edge dist. min (tension) (mm) Max. Tight. torque (Nm) Ordering designation
fc,cyl = 25 MPa fc,cyl = 25 MPa
M6 8 27 11 3.3 M8 10 33 10/13 5.1 M10 12 33 12/12 5.1 M10 12 43 12/16 7.8 M12 15 54 14/22 10.9 M16 20 70 18/28 19.4 M20 25 85 23/34 26.5 (Shear values are based on using a 4.6 grade bolt)
2.4 4.4 5.9 6.4 10.1 17.5 27.8
75 90 90 120 150 190 235
88 105 105 140 175 227 280
5 8 15 15 35 60 120
HKD-S M6 x 25 HKD-S M8 X 30 HKD-S M10 x 30 HKD-S M10 x 40 HKD-S M12 x 50 HKD-S M16 x 65 HKD-S M20 x 80
HUS-H concrete screw anchor

Hole dia. (mm) Hole depth min. (mm) Max thick. fastened (mm) Nrd (kN)
fc,cyl = 25 MPa
Vrd1) (tension)
fc,cyl = 25 MPa
Tight. torque (Nm)
8 8 8 8
50 50/60 50/60 50/60
5 15/5 25/15 40/30
5.1 5.1/6.8 5.1/6.8 5.1/6.8
10.3 10.3 10.3 10.3
35 35 35 35
Concrete Screw Anchor 8 HUS-H 10.5 x 55 HUS-H 10.5 x 65 HUS-H 10.5 x 75 HUS-H 10.5 x 90 Concrete Screw Anchor 10 HUS-H 12.5 x 65 HUS-H 12.5 x 75 HUS-H 12.5 x 85 HUS-H 12.5 x 100
10 10 10 10
60 60/70 60/70 60/70
5 15/5 25/15 40/30
7.2 7.2/8.8 7.2/8.8 7.2/8.8
14.4 14.4 14.4 14.4
45 45 45 45
Concrete Screw Anchor 14 14 70 10 15.8 34.1 65 HUS-H 16.5 x 80 14 70/90/110 45/25/5 15.8/24.5/30 34.1/36.7/37.8 65 HUS-H 16.5 x 115 For anchor spacings & edge distances please refer to relevant pages in this manual, or contact your local Hilti Engineer.
15
Application guide
Base Materials
16
Base Materials
If the tensile strength of concrete is exceeded, cracks form, which, as a rule, cannot be seen. Experience has shown that the crack width does not exceed the figure regarded as admissible, i.e. w 0.3mm, if the concrete is under a constant load. If it is subjected predominately to forces of constraint, individual cracks might be wider if no additional reinforcement is provided in the concrete to restrict the crack width. If a concrete component is subjected to a bending load, the cracks have a wedge shape across the component cross-section and they end close to the neutral axis. It is recommended that anchor systems which have the follow-up expansion feature and are of the force-controlled type, e.g. HSL-3, DBZ, or undercut anchor systems, e.g. HDA and HSC, be used in the tension zone of concrete components. Other types of anchors can be used if they are set at such a depth that their anchoring section is positioned in the compression zone. Anchors are set in both low-strength and high-strength concrete. Generally, the range of the cylinder compressive strength, c,cyl is between 20 and 50 MPa. Expansion anchors should not be set in concrete which has not cured for more than seven days. If anchors are loaded immediately after they have been set, the loading capacity can be assumed to be only the actual strength of the concrete at that time. If an anchor is set and the load applied later, the loading capacity can be assumed to be the concrete strength determined at the time of applying the load. Cutting through reinforcement when drilling anchor holes must be avoided. If this is not possible, the design engineer responsible must be consulted first.
If cracks in the tension zone exist, suitable anchor systems are required.
Observe curing of concrete when using expansion anchors.
Avoid cutting reinforcement.
1.2 Masonry
Masonry is a heterogeneous base material. The hole being drilled for an anchor can run into mortar joints or cavities. Owing to the relatively low strength of masonry, the loads taken up locally cannot be particularly high. A tremendous variety of types and shapes of masonry bricks are on the market, e.g. clay bricks, sand-lime bricks or concrete bricks, all of different shapes and either solid or with cavities. Hilti offers a range of different fastening solutions for this variety of masonry base material, e.g. the HPS-1, HRD, HUD, HIT, etc. If there are doubts when selecting a fastener/anchor, your local Hilti sales representative will be pleased to provide assistance.
Different types and shapes
When making a fastening, care must be taken to ensure that a layer of insulation or plaster is not used as the base material. The specified anchorage depth (depth of embedment) must be in the actual base material.
plaster coating is not a base material for fastenings.
17
Base Materials
1.3 Other base materials

Aerated concrete
Gas concrete: This is manufactured from fine-grained sand as the aggregate, lime and/or cement as the binding agent, water and aluminium as the gas-forming agent. The density is between 400 and 800 kg/m 3 and the compressive strength 2 to 6 MPa. Hilti offers the HGN and HRD anchors for this base material. Lightweight concrete: This is concrete which has a low density, i.e. 3 1800kg/m, and a porosity that reduces the strength of the concrete and thus the loading capacity of an anchor. Hilti offers the HRD, HUD, HGN, etc anchor systems for this base material. Drywall (plasterboard/gypsum) panels: These are mostly building components without a supporting function, such as wall and ceiling panels, to which less important, so-called secondary fastenings are made. The Hilti anchors suitable for this material are the HLD and HHD. In addition to the previously named building materials, a large variety of others, e.g. natural stone, etc, can be encountered in practice. Furthermore, special building components are also made from the previously mentioned materials which, because of manufacturing method and configuration, result in base materials with peculiarities that must be given careful attention, e.g. hollow ceiling floor components, etc. Descriptions and explanations of each of these would go beyond the bounds of this manual. Generally though, fastenings can be made to these materials. In some cases, test reports exist for these special materials. It is also recommended that the design engineer, company carrying out the work and Hilti technical staff hold a discussion in each case.
Lightweight concrete
Drywall/gypsum panels
Variety of base materials
Jobsite tests
In some cases, testing on the jobsite should be arranged to verify the suitability and the loading capacity of the selected anchor.
18
Base Materials
1.4 Why does an anchor hold in a base material?
There are three basic working principles which make an anchor hold in a building material:
Friction The tensile load, N, is transferred to the base material by friction, R. T he expansion force, Fexp, is necessary for this to take place. It is produced, for example, by driving in an expansion plug (HKD).
Friction
Keying
R N R
The tensile load, N, is in equilibrium with the supporting forces, R, acting on the base material, such as with the HDA anchor.
Keying
Bonding An adhesive bond is produced between the anchor rod and the hole wall by a synthetic resin adhesive, such as with the HVU anchor.
Bonding
Combination of working principles

Many anchors obtain their holding power from a combination of the above-mentioned working principles. For example, an anchor exerts an expansion force against wall of its hole as a result of the displacement of a cone relative to a sleeve. This permits the longitudinal force to be transferred to the anchor by friction. At the same time, this expansion force causes permanent local deformation of the base material, above all in the case of metal anchors. A keying action results which enables the longitudinal force in the anchor to be transferred additionally to the base material.
Combination of working principles
19
Base Materials
Force-controlled and movementcontrolled expansion anchors
In the case of expansion anchors, a distinction is made between force-controlled and movement-controlled types. The expansion force of force-controlled expansion anchors is dependent on the tensile force in the anchor (HSL-3 heavy-duty anchor). This tensile force is produced, and thus controlled, when a tightening torque is applied to expand the anchor. In the case of movement-controlled types, expansion takes place over a distance that is predetermined by the geometry of the anchor in the expanded state. Thus an expansion force is produced (HKD anchor) which is governed by the modulus of elasticity of the base material.
Adhesive/resin anchor
The synthetic resin of an adhesive anchor infiltrates into the pores of the base material and, after it has hardened and cured, achieves a local keying action in addition to the bond.
1.4.1 Failure modes 1.4.1.1 Effects of static loading

Failure patterns
The failure patterns of anchor fastenings subjected to a continually increased load can be depicted as follows:
1.
2.
3.
Causes of failure
3a.
4.
The weakest point in an anchor fastening determines the cause of failure. Modes of failure, 1. break-out, 2. anchor pull-away and, 3., 3a., failure of anchor parts, occur mostly when single anchors that are a suitable distance from an edge or the next anchor, are subjected to a pure tensile load. These causes of failure govern the max. loading capacity of anchors. On the other hand, a small edge distance causes mode of failure 4. edge breaking. The ultimate loads are then smaller than those of the previously mentioned modes of failure. The tensile strength of the fastening base material is exceeded in the cases of break-out, edge breaking and splitting. Basically, the same modes of failure take place under a combined load. The mode of failure 1. break-out, becomes more seldom as the angle between the direction of the applied load and the anchor axis increases.
Combined load
20
Base Materials
Generally, a shear load causes a conchoidal (shell-like) area of spall on one side of the anchor hole and, subsequently, the anchor parts suffer bending tension or shear failure. If the distance from an edge is small and the shear load is towards the free edge of a building component, however, the edge breaks away.
Shear load
1.4.1.2 Influence of cracks

It is not possible for a reinforced concrete structure to be built which does not have cracks in it under working conditions. Provided that they do not exceed a certain width, however, it is not at all necessary to regard cracks as defects in a structure. W ith this in mind, the designer of a structure assumes that cracks will exist in the tension zone of reinforced concrete components when carrying out the design work (condition II). T ensile forces from bending are taken up in a composite construction by suitably sized reinforcement in the form of ribbed steel bars, whereas the compressive forces from bending are taken up by the concrete (compression zone). T he reinforcement is only utilised efficiently if the concrete in the tension zone is permitted to be stressed (elongated) to such an extent that it cracks under the working load. T he position of the tension zone is determined by the static/design system and wher e the load is applied to the structure. Normally, the cracks run in one direction (line or parallel cracks). Only in rare cases, such as with reinforced concrete slabs stressed in two planes, can cracks also run in two directions. Testing and application conditions for anchors are currently being drafted internationally based on the research results of anchor manufacturers and universities. T hese will guarantee the functional reliability and safety of anchor fastenings made in cracked concrete. When anchor fastenings are made in non-cracked concrete, equilibrium is established by a tensile stress condition of rotational symmetry around the anchor axis. If a crack exists, the loadbearing mechanisms are seriously disrupted because virtually no annular tensile forces can be taken up beyond the edge of the crack. T he disruption caused disrupted by the crack reduces the loadbearing capacity of the anchor system.
Very narrow cracks are not defects
Efficient utilisation of reinforcement
Loadbearing mechanisms
Crack plane
a) Non-cracked concrete
b) Cracked concrete
21
Base Materials
Reduction factor for cracked concrete
The width of a crack in a concrete component has a major influence on the tensile loading capacity of all fasteners, not only anchors, but also cast-in items, such as headed studs. A crack width of about 0.3mm is assumed when designing anchor fastenings. The reduction factor which can be used for the ultimate tensile loads of anchor fastenings made in cracked concrete as opposed to non-cracked concrete may be assumed to be 0.65 to 0.70 for the HSC anchor, for example. Larger reduction factors for ultimate tensile loads must be anticipated (used in calculations) in the case of all those anchors which were set in the past without any consideration of the above-mentioned influence of cracks. In this respect, the safety factor to use to allow for the failure of cracked concrete is not the same as the figure given in product information, i.e. all previous figures in the old anchor manual. This is an unacceptable situation which is being eliminated through specific testing with anchors set in cracked concrete, and adding suitable information to the product description sheets. Since international testing conditions for anchors are based on the above-mentioned crack widths, no theoretical relationship between ultimate tensile loads and different crack widths has been given.
Pretensioning force in anchor bolts/rods
Loss of pretensioning force due to cracks
The statements made above apply primarily to static loading conditions. If the loading is dynamic, the clamping force and pretensioning force in an anchor bolt /rod play a major role. If a crack propagates in a reinforced concrete component after an anchor has been set, it must be assumed that the pretensioning force in the anchor will decrease and, as a result, the clamping force from the fixture (part fastened) will be reduced (lost). The properties of this fastening for dynamic loading will then have deteriorated. To ensure that an anchor fastening remains suitable for dynamic loading even after cracks appear in the concrete, the clamping force and pretensioning force in the anchor must be upheld. Suitable measures to achieve this can be sets of springs or similar devices.
22
Corrosion
2 Corrosion
Material recommendations to counteract corrosion
Application Initial/carcass construction Temporary fastening: Forming, site fixtures, scaffolding Structural fastening: Brackets, columns, beams Outside and inside applications Dry inside rooms, no condensation Damp inside rooms with occasional condensation due to high humidity and temperature fluctuations Frequent and long-lasting condensation (greenhouses), open inside rooms or open halls / sheds Composite construction Interior finishing Drywalls, suspended ceilings, windows, doors, railings / fences, elevators, fire escapes Facades / roofing Profiled metal sheets, curtain wall cladding, insulation fastenings, facade support framing Rural atmosphere (without emissions) Inside application Outside application Insulating materials Town / city atmosphere: High SO2 and Nox contents, chlorides from road salt can accumulate/ concentration on parts not weathered directly Industrial atmosphere: High SO2 content and other corrosive substances (without halides) Inside application Outside application Insulating materials Inside application Outside application Insulating materials Coastal atmosphere: High content of chlorides, combined with industrial atmosphere Inside application Outside application Insulating materials Zinc plated 5-10 microns Hot-dipped galvanised / sherardized min. 45 microns Dacromet / plastic, A4 (316) steels Zinc plated 5-10 microns Hot-dipped galvanised / sherardized min. 45 microns, Hilti-HCR if chlorides exist A4 (316) steels Zinc plated 5-10 microns A4 (316) steels A4 (316) steels Zinc plated 5-10 microns Hilti-HCR Hilti-HCR Dry inside rooms, no condensation Zinc plated 5-10 microns Protection due to alkalinity of concrete Zinc plated or coated Zinc plated 5-10 microns Hot-dipped galvanised / sherardized min. 45 microns A4 (316) steels, possibly hot-dipped galvanised Zinc plated 5-10 microns General conditions Recommendations
23
Corrosion
Application Installations Conduit installation, cable runs, air ducts Electrical systems: Runs, lighting, aerials Industrial equipment: Crane rails, barriers, conveyors, machine fastening
General conditions
Recommendations
Dry inside rooms, no condensation Damp inside rooms, poorly ventilated rooms, cellar / basement shafts, occasional condensation due to high humidity and temperature fluctuations Frequent and long-lasting condensation (greenhouses), nonenclosed inside rooms or open sheds / buildings
Zinc plated 5-10 microns Hot-dipped galvanised / sherardized min. 45 microns
A4 (316) steels, possibly hot-dipped galvanised
Road and bridge construction Conduit installation, cable runs, Directly weathered (chlorides are traffic signs, noise-insulating regularly washed off) walls, crash barriers / guard rails, connecting structures Frequently heavy exposure to road salt, highly relevant to safety Tunnel construction Tunnel foils / sheeting, reinforcing mesh, traffic signs, lighting, tunnel wall cladding / lining, air ducts, ceiling suspensions, etc. Dock/harbour/port facilities/off-shore rigs Fastenings to quaysides, dock / harbour Secondary relevance for safety, temporary fastenings High humidity, chlorides, often a superimposed "industrial atmosphere" or changes of oil / sea water On the platform / rig Industry / chemical industry Conduit installation, cable runs, connecting structures, lighting Dry inside rooms Corrosive inside rooms, e.g. fastenings in laboratories, galvanising / plating plants etc., very corrosive vapours Outside applications, very heavy exposure to SO2 and additional corrosive substances (only acidic surroundings) Power plants Fastenings relevant to safety Dry inside rooms Outside applications, very heavy exposure to SO2 Zinc plated 5-10 microns A4 (316) steels Zinc plated 5-10 microns A4 (316) steels, Hilti-HCR Hot-dipped galvanised Hilti-HCR Secondary relevance for safety Highly relevant to safety Duplex steel, poss. A4 (316) steels Hilti-HCR Hot-dipped galvanised / sherardized min. 45 microns, A4 (316) steels, Duplex steel or austenitic steel with approx. 4-5% Mo Hilti HCR
A4 (316) steels
A4 (316) steels
24
Corrosion
Application Smoke-stacks of waste incineration plants Fastening of, for ex ample, service ladders, lightening conductors
General conditions
Recommendations
In lower section of stack In top section of stack, condensation of acids and often high chloride and other halide concentrations
Hot-dipped galvanised/sherardized min. 45 microns A4 (316) steels Hilti-HCR
Sewage / waste water treatment Conduit installation, cable runs, connecting structures etc. In the atmosphere, high humidity, sewage / digester gases etc. Underwater applications, municipal sewage / waste water, industrial waste water Multi-storey car parks Fastening of, for ex ample, guard rails, handrails, balustrades Indoor swimming pools Fastening of, for ex ample, service ladders, handrails, suspended ceilings Sports grounds / facilities / stadiums Fastening of, for ex ample, seats, handrails, fences In rural atmosphere In town / city atmosphere Inaccessible fastenings Hot-dipped galvanised / sherardized min. 45 microns Hot-dipped galvanised / sherardized min. 45 microns A4 (316) steels A4 (316) steels Fastenings relevant to safety Hilti-HCR Large amounts of chlorides (road Hilti-HCR salt) carried in by vehicles, many wet and dry cycles Hot-dipped galvanised/sherardized min. 45 microns A4 (316) steels Hilti-HCR
25
Dynamic Design for Anchors
3.1 Dynamic Design for Anchors

Detailed informations are available from your local Hilti Engineer or in the brochure: Dynamic Design for Anchors, Hilti AG, 2001 W 2611 0601 20-e
Actions Common engineering design usually focuses around static loads. This chapter is intended to point out those cases, where static simplification may cause severe misjudgement and usually under-design of important structures. Static loads Static loads can be segregated as follows: Own (dead) weight Permanent actions Loads of non-loadbearing components, e.g. floor covering, screed, or from constraint (due to temperature change or sinking of supports / columns) Changing actions working loads (fitting / furnishing , machines, normal wear) Snow Wind Temperature The main difference between static and dynamic loads is the effectiveness of inertia and damping forces. These forces result from induced acceleration and must be taken into account when determining section forces and anchoring forces. Dynamic actions can generally be classified into 3 different groups: Fatigue loads Seismic loads Shock loads Two main groups of fatigue type loading can be identified: Vibration type loading of fasteners with very high recurrence and usually low amplitude (e.g. ventilators, production machinery, etc.). Repeated loading and unloading of structures with high loads and frequent recurrence (cranes, elevators, robots, etc.). Actions relevant to fatigue Actions causing fatigue have a large number of load cycles which produce changes in stress in the affected fastening. These stresses result in a decrease in strength, which is all the greater the larger the change in stress and the larger the number of load cycles are (fatigue). When evaluating actions causing fatigue, not only the type of action, but also the planned or anticipated fastening life expectancy is of major importance. Generally, all fastenings in structures situated in seismically active areas can be subject to seismic loading. However, due to cost considerations, usually only critical fastenings whose failure would result in loss of human life or significant weakening of the overall structure are designed for seismic loads.
Dynamic actions
Typical Dynamic Actions
Examples for Fatigue Loads
Examples for Seismic Loads
26
Earthquakes / seismic actions
Ground movement during an earthquake / seismic tremors leads to relative displacement of a building foundation. Owing to the inertia of its mass, the building cannot or is unable to follow this movement without deformation. Due to the stiffness of the structure, restoring forces are set up and vibration is induced. This results in stress and strain for the structure, the parts fastened and the installations. Earthquake frequencies often lead to resonance phenomena which cause larger vibration amplitudes on the upper floors.
In view of the low ductility of anchors / fasteners, seismic loads generally have to be taken up by a high loading capacity and very little deformation. A fastening should be able to withstand design basis earthquakes without damage. Determining the forces acting on a fastening is difficult and specialists thus provide them. Examples of Shock Loading Shock loads are mostly unusual loading situations, even though sometimes they are the only loading case a structure is designed for (e.g. crash barriers, protection nets, ship or aeroplane impacts and falling rocks, avalanches and explosions, etc.). Shock-like phenomena have generally a very short duration and tremendously high forces which, however, generally only occur as individual peaks. As the probability of such a phenomenon to occur during the life expectancy of the building components concerned is comparably small, plastic deformations of fasteners and structural members are usually permitted.
Shock
27
Material Behaviour ...under static loading The behaviour is described essentially by the strength (tensile and compressive) and the elastic-plastic behaviour of the material. These properties are generally determined by carrying out simple tests with specimens. If a material is subjected to a sustained load that changes with respect to time, it can fail after a certain number of load cycles even though the upper limit of the load withstood up to this time is clearly lower than the ultimate tensile strength under static loading. This loss of strength is referred to as material fatigue. The grade and quality of steel has a considerable influence on the alternating strength. In the case of structural and heat-treatable steels, the final strength (i.e. after 2 million load cycles or more) is approx. 25-35% of the static strength. In the non-loaded state, concrete already has micro-cracks in the zone of contact of the aggregates and the cement paste, which are attributable to the aggregates hindering shrinkage of the cement paste. The fatigue strength of concrete is directly dependent on the grade of concrete. Concrete strength is reduced to about 55 65% of the initial strength after 2000000 load cycles. ...under seismic or shock impact The material strength is not as much influenced as under fatigue impact. Other factors, as inertia, cracks, etc. influence the behaviour much more.
...under fatigue impact
28
Anchor Behaviour Fatigue When a large number of load cycles is involved, i.e. n>10 4, it is usually the anchor in single fastenings that is critical (due to steel failure). The concrete can only fail when an anchor is at a reduced anchorage depth and subjected to tensile loading or an anchor is at a reduced distance from an edge and exposed to shear loading.
Individual anchors in a multiple-anchor fastening can have a different elastic stiffness and a displacement (slip) behaviour that differs from one anchor to another, e.g. if an anchor is set in a crack. This leads to a redistribution of the forces in the anchors during the appearance of the load cycles. Stiffer anchors are subjected to higher loads, whereas the loads in the weaker anchors are reduced. Allowance is made for these two effects by using a reduction factor for multiple-anchor fastenings. Earthquakes Anchors (fasteners) subjected to seismic loading can, under circumstances, be stressed far beyond their static loading capacity. In view of this, the respective suitability tests are carried out using a level of action (loading) that is considerably higher than the working load level. The behaviour of anchors under seismic action depends on the magnitude of loading, the direction of loading, the base material and the type of anchor. After an earthquake, the loading capacity (ultimate state) of an anchor is considerably reduced (to 30 80% of the original resistance.) With any earthquake design of fasteners, concrete cracks resulting from seismic activity should be taken into consideration. When designing anchor fastenings, it is important to remember that they cannot be regarded as something isolated to take up seismic forces, but that they must be incorporated in the overall context of a design. Shock Load increase times in the range of milliseconds can be simulated during tests on servo-hydraulic testing equipment. The following main effects can then be observed: deformation is greater when the breaking load is reached. the energy absorbed by an anchor is also much higher. breaking loads are of roughly the same magnitude during static loading and shock-loading tests. In this respect, more recent investigations show that the base material (cracked or non-cracked concrete), has no direct effect on the loadbearing behaviour. Both mechanical and chemical anchors are basically suitable for fastenings subjected to fatigue loading. Hilti manufactures the HDA and HVZ anchors of special grades of steel resistant to fatigue and has also subjected them to suitable tests. Where fastenings subjected to seismic loading are concerned, chemical anchors take preference. There are, however, accompanying requirements to be met, such as behaviour in a fire. These restrictions can make mechanical systems preferable. To date, mechanical anchor systems have been used primarily for applications in civil defence installations. More recently, adhesive systems suitable for use in cracked concrete have been developed, e.g. the HVZ anchor.
Suitability under fatigue loading
Suitability under seismic loading
Suitability under shock loading
29
Dynamic Set for Shear Resistance Upgrade
3.2 Upgrading shear resistance using the Dynamic Set

If a multiple-anchor fastening is loaded towards the edge of a concrete member (shear load), the gap between anchor shaft and clearance hole has an important role. An uneven shear load distribution within the anchors in the fastening is the result as the clearance hole is always larger than the anchor diameter to ensure an easy installation. Design methods take this fact into account by assuming that only the row of anchors nearest to the concrete edge takes up all the shear load.
row of load-bearing edge of concrete row of non load-bearing anchors
concrete failure surface
The second row of anchors can be activated only after a considerable slip of the anchoring plate. This slip normally takes place after the edge failure of the outside row. The effect of the clearance hole gap on the internal load distribution increases if the shear load direction changes during the service life. To make anchors suitable for alternating shear loads, Hilti developed the so called Dynamic Set. This consists of a special washer, which permits HIT injection adhesive to be dispensed into the clearance hole, a spherical washer, a nut and a lock nut.
perspective injection washer
plan view spherical washer nut lock nut
By using the dynamic set for static fastenings, the shear resistance is improved significantly. The unfavourable situation that only one row of anchors takes up all loads no longer exists and the load is distributed uniformly among all anchors. A series of experiments has verified this assumption. An example from this test programme, double fastenings with HVZ M10 anchors with and without the Dynamic Set are shown to compare resulting shear resistance and stiffness.
30
Dynamic Set for Shear Resistance Upgrade
with Dynamic Set (extended Hilti method)

slotted hole standard clearance hole
injected
without Dynamic Set (ETAG)
member edge
The test results show clearly that according to the current practice the second row of anchors takes up the load only after significant deformation of the plate, when the concrete edge has already failed. The injection and the Dynamic Set resulted in a continuous load increase until the whole multiple fastening fails. When carrying out a simple fastening design, it may be assumed if the Dynamic Set is used the overall load bearing capacity of the multiple fastening is equal to the resistance of the first row of anchors multiplied by the number of rows in the fastening. If injection with the Dynamic Set is used, the ETAG restrictions on more than 6 anchor fastenings can be overcome. Example: Resistance to concrete edge failure of a nine (3x3) anchor plate (no other edges, no eccentricity, member thickness ok, loading direction towards the edge):
c1 s1 s2 V
ETAG:
0 x VRk,c = VRk, c
A c,V A0 c, V
A c, V A0 c, V
0 Hilti (extended Hilti CC Method using the Dynamic Set): V inject. = 3 x (V Rk, c x Rk, c
Improvements with Dynamic Set: Injection washer: Fills clearance hole and thus guarantees that the load is uniformly distributed among all anchors. Spherical washer: Reduces bending moment acting on anchor shaft not set at right angles and thus increases the tensile loading capacity. Lock nut: Prevents loosening of the nut and thus lifting of the anchoring plate away from the concrete in case of cyclic loading.
31
Fire
4 Resistance to fire
Tested fasteners for passive structural fire prevention
STOFFE, M BAU F. Amtliche Mat A
AU U. BRA IVB fanstalt NDS fr SS ialpr
r
Tested according to the international standard temperature curve (ISO 834, DIN 4102 T.2) Tested when set in cracked concrete and exposed to flames without insulating or protective measures.
C 1000 500 0 30 60 90 120 Min
D. TU BR UTZ uwesen AUN CH as Ba
Anchor / fastener
The max. loading given here applies only if the fastening maintains proper functioning in a fire. In the case of planning and design, approvals and directives / guidelines specific to country or technical data in the Hilti fastening technology manual are decisive.
32
EIG INSTIT UT HW SC
F
Size
Max. loading (kN) for specified fire resistance time (fire resistance time in minutes)
F30 HDA M10 M12 M16 M20 M10 M12 M16 M10 M12 M16 M8x40, x50 M10x40 M12x60 M8x40 M10x50, x60 M12x60 M8x40, x50 M10x40 M12x60 M8x40 M10x50, x60 M12x60 M8 M10 M12 M16 M20 M24 M8 M10 M12 M16 M20 3.00 7.00 10.00 20.00 34.60 45.50 6.90 10.40 15.00 25.70 34.60 4.50 10.00 15.00 25.00 4.50 10.00 15.00 20.00 30.00 50.00
F60 2.20 3.50 7.00 9.00 2.20 3.50 7.00 9.00 12.00 15.00
F90 1.30 1.80 4.00 7.00 1.30 1.80 4.00 4.00 5.00 7.50 1.50 1.50 2.00 1.50 2.50 2.00 1.50 1.50 3.50 1.50 2.50 3.50
F120 1.00 1.20 3.00 5.00 1.00 1.20 3.00 2.00 3.00 6.00
F180 0.70 1.00 2.50 3.70 0.70 1.00 2.50 1.00 2.10 4.70
Report from IBMB / Technical university of Brunswick, no. 3039 / 8151
HDA-F
3039 / 8151
HDA-R (s/s)
3039 / 8151
HSC-A
3177 / 1722-1
3.50
HSC-I
3177 / 1722-1
HSC-AR (s/s)
3177 / 1722-1 3.00 3177 / 1722-1 3.00 0.40 0.80 1.20 3.00 5.00 8.00 0.80 2.00 3.00 6.00 10.00 3027 / 0274-5
HSC-IR (s/s)
HSL-3
1.10 2.00 3.50 7.50 14.00 21.00 6.90 10.40 15.00 20.00 30.00
0.60 1.30 2.00 4.00 7.00 12.00 2.00 4.00 6.00 8.00 20.00
HSL-G-R (s/s)
3027 / 0274-5
Fire
Anchor / fastener
Size
F30 HSA M6 M8 M10 M12 M16 M20 M6 M8 M10 M12 M16 M6 M8 M10 M12 M16 M20 0.90 1.50 4.50 10.00 15.00 25.00 2.60 6.00 9.50 14.00 26.00 2.00 3.00 5.00 8.50 11.50 18.80 7.00 9.00
F60 0.50 0.80 2.20 3.50 7.00 9.00 1.30 3.00 4.75 7.00 13.00 1.00 1.10 2.00 3.50 7.50 14.00 2.65 3.30
F90 0.30 0.50 1.30 1.80 4.00 7.00 0.80 1.80 3.00 4.00 7.50 0.40 0.60 1.30 2.00 4.00 7.00 1.50 1.80
F120 0.25 0.40 1.00 1.20 3.00 5.00 0.60 1.20 2.50 3.00 6.00 0.30 0.40 0.80 1.20 3.00 5.00 1.00 1.20
F180
Report from IBMB / Technical university of Brunswick, no. 3049 / 8151
HSA-R (s/s)
3049 / 8151
HKD-S HKD-SR (s/s)
3027 / 0274-4
HKD-E
HUS-H 10.5 (concrete) 12.5
3950 / 7261
HLC
6,5 (M5) 8 (M6) 10 (M8) 12 (M10) 16 (M12) 20 (M16) 6/45 6/35
0.50 0.50 1.00 1.80 3.00 4.00 0.80 0.80
0.25 0.25 0.50 1.00 1.70 3.75 0.40 0.40
0.20 0.20 0.40 0.70 1.20 2.70 0.25 0.25
0.15 0.15 0.30 0.60 1.00 2.20 0.15 0.15
3304 / 1255-2 3133 / 0856-2 (Mz) (solid sand-lime brick KSV, strength class 12/II) 3794 / 7949-1
DBZ
33
Fire
Anchor / fastener
F30 HVU + HAS-E M8 M10 M12 M16 M20 M24 M30 M36 1.50 4.50 10.00 15.00 25.00 35.00 50.00 70.00 2.00 6.00 13.00 20.00 36.00 56.00 85.00 120.00 1.50 4.50 10.00 15.00 25.00 10.00 20.00 30.00 50.00 65.00 1.50 1.50 1.50
F60 0.80 2.20 3.50 5.00 9.00 12.00 17.00 24.00 0.80 3.50 9.00 13.50 25.50 38.00 58.00 82.00 0.80 2.20 3.50 5.00 9.00 5.00 9.00 12.00 15.00 35.00 0.50 0.50 0.50
F90 0.50 1.30 1.80 4.00 7.00 9.50 14.00 19.50 0.50 1.50 5.00 7.50 15.00 24.00 36.00 51.00 0.50 1.30 1.80 4.00 7.00 1.80 4.00 5.00 7.50 15.00 0.20 0.20 0.20
F120 0.40 0.90 1.00 3.00 5.00 8.00 11.00 16.00 0.40 1.00 3.00 6.00 10.00 16.00 24.00 34.00 0.40 0.90 1.00 3.00 5.00 1.00 2.00 3.00 6.00 10.00
F180
Report from IBMB / Technical university of Brunswick, no. 3245 / 1817-7
HVU + HAS-ER M8 / HCR M10 (S/S) M12 M16 M20 M24 M30 M36 HVU + HIS-N M8 M10 M12 M16 M20 M8 M10 M12 M16 M20 M8 M10 M12
3245 / 1817-7
3245 / 1817-7
HVU + HIS-RN (S/S)
3245 / 1817-7
Hilti HIT-HY 20 + HIT-AN/ANR (S/S)
3357 / 0550-4
34
Fire
Anchor / fastener
Size
F30 Hilti HIT-HY 150 + HAS-E M8 M10 M12 M16 M20 M24 M8 M10 M12 M16 M20 M24 2.70 3.60 6.00 7.00 12.50 16.00 2.70 3.60 6.00 7.00 12.50 16.00
F60 1.10 1.90 3.50 5.00 10.00 12.50 1.30 1.90 4.60 5.00 10.00 12.50
F90 0.50 1.00 2.00 3.20 7.00 10.00 0.50 1.00 3.20 3.20 8.00 10.00
F120 0.40 0.60 1.20 2.00 5.00 8.00 0.40 0.60 2.00 2.00 6.50 8.50
F180
Report from IBMB / Technical university of Brunswick, no. 3027 / 0274-6
Hilti HIT-HY 150 + HAS-ER
3027 / 0274-6
Hilti HIT-HY 150 + Rebar
Loads dependent on reinforcing bars and concrete coverage / overlay 0.5 1.5 x Frec to F180
3162 / 6989 DIBt approval Z-21.8 - 1648
Tested fasteners for passive structural fire prevention

STOFFE, M BAU F. Amtliche Mat A
AU U. BRA IVB fanstalt NDS fr SS ialpr
r
C 1200 800 400 0 30 60 90 120 Min
Tested according to the german tunnel temperature curve (ZTV-tunnel, part 1)) Tested when set in cracked concrete and exposed to flames without insulating or protective measures.
D. TU BR UTZ uwesen AUN CH as Ba
Anchor / fastener
EIG INSTIT UT HW SC
F
Size
Max. loading (kN) for specified fire rating/integrity
Report from IBMB / Technical university of Brunswick, no. Additional report to 3245/ 1817-2
HVU+ HAS-HCR
M8 M10 M12 M16 M8 M10 M12 M16 M20
0.50 1.50 1.50 5.00 0.50 0.80 2.50 5.00 6.00
HKD-SR
Additional report to 3027 / 0274-4
35
Anchor design
5 Anchor design
5.1 Safety concept

This Fastening Technology Manual uses two different safety concepts: Partial safety factor concept, M , F (Ultimate limit state design) The partial safety factor concept is valid for all versions of the following anchors: HDA, HSC, HSL-3, HST, HSA, HKD, HLC, HHD-S, DBZ, HA 8, HUS, HRD, HPS-1, HUD-1, HUD-L, HGN, HLD, HSP, HVZ, HVU, HVA-UW, HIT-HY 150, HIT-HY 50, HIT-HY 20, HIT-ICE, HIT-RE 500. Global safety factor concept, (working stress method) The global safety factor concept is valid for the following anchors: IDP, IZ, IN, IDMS, IDMR, HRA, HRC, HRT, HWB
Ru,m mean ultimate load
Ru,m mean ultimate load

1)
(1 k v )
Rk characteristic load
M
(1 k v )
Rk characteristic load
1)
Rd design load
F R d
1
F
S actual load
Rrec Recommended load
Rrec Recommended load
The safety concept, which uses the global safety factor, is being increasingly replaced by the partial safety factor concept. One important feature of this partial safety factor concept is the strict separation of the partial safety factors for the applied loads and the partial safety factors for the resistance of the fastening to these loads Partial safety factors for loads are intended to cover uncertainties and scatter where loads are concerned. Partial safety factors for resistance covers uncertainties and the scatter pertaining to the resistance, i.e. the load bearing capacity of the fastening.
1)
k, depends on the number of tests, v, coefficient of variation.
36
Anchor design
5.2 Design methods
When top-quality medium and heavy-duty fastenings have to be made in concrete, it is often necessary for them to be sized in accordance with standard engineering practice to make sure that not only the anchor fastening design is optimally utilised, but also that the required level of safety is guaranteed.
The current international state of the art regarding the design of fastenings [1], the so called concrete capacity method (CC-Method) was used as the basis for this product information. This design method was simplified to retain as much as possible of the previous design method, while including as much of the latest approach as possible. The main features of the new design method are: Differentiation between failure modes: pull-out/concrete or steel failure. The different failure modes, which occur when the anchor is loaded to failure are treated separately. Differentiation of the safety factors based on different failure modes.
How these features are used in the actual fastening design is shown on the following pages. The benefits of this approach are: The new method reflects the actual anchor behaviour in a more accurate fashion. Thus leading to higher loads in certain applications. The differentiation between failure modes allows more flexibility with regard to the steel elements without having to perform a new design calculation. The data given are in conformance with upcoming design codes such as the design method according to ETAG Annex C or ACI 318 chapter 22 (or see Ref. [1]). The anchors for which this design method is used are: HDA, HSL-3, HSC, HKD, HST, HSA, HVZ, HIT-TZ, HVA, HVA-UW, HIT-HY 150, HIT-ICE, HIT-RE 500
This Fastening Technology Manual also includes the Traditional Hilti Design Method, shown on page 47. This design method, which uses the global safety concept, is being increasingly replaced by the above mentioned design methods (Hilti CC or ETAG CC) with the partial safety factor concept. The anchor for which the Traditional Hilti Desgin Method can be used is: HSL-G-R
The anchors for light-duty (HLC, DBZ, HA8, HHD, HLD, HPS-1, HRD, HUD, HGN, HUS-S, HSP, IN, IDP, IDMS, IDMR, IZ, HIT-HY 50, HIT-HY 20) as well as the anchors for special applications (HRC, HRT, HRA, HWB) are used with the anchor fastening being designed, only on a very simple basis. The load values are based on test results, made in mainly inhomogeneous base materials and under special conditions.
[1]
Comit Euro-International du Bton, Design of Fastenings in concrete: Design Guide - Parts 1 to 3, Bulletin 233, Thomas Telford Publishing, January 1997.
37
Anchor design
5.2.1 Ultimate limit state design method
Tensile resistance: Three failure modes can appear in this load direction, namely pull-out failure, concrete failure and failure of the steel element. The following chart shows the flow of required calculations:
Pull-out failure
0 NRd ,p basic value of design
Concrete failure
0 NRd ,c basic value of design
Steel failure
NRd,s , design tensile
resistance
resistance
resistance of steel
fB,N
concrete strength influencing factor
fB,N
fT
anchorage depth influencing factor
fT
anchorage depth influencing factor
Final design resistance against pull-out failure: 0 NRd,p = NRd ,p f B,N f T
fA,N
anchor spacing influencing factor
fR,N
edge distance influencing factor
Final design resistance against concrete failure: 0 NRd,c = NRd ,c fB,N fT fA,N fR,N
Final design tensile resistance:

NRd = min NRd,p ; NRd,c ; NRd,s
Safety check: NSd
NRd
NSd
design value of applied tensile loads
38
Anchor design
Shear resistance: A distinction is made between two failure modes with this type (direction) of loading, namely concrete edge failure, i.e. breaking away of the concrete component edge and the shear failure of the steel element. The following chart shows the flow of required calculations:
Concrete edge failure

0 VRd ,c basic value of design resistance
Steel failure
VRd,s, design tensile resistance of steel
fB, V
fAR, V anchor spacing and edge
distance influence factor
f, V
influencing factor for direction of loading
Final design resistance to concrete failure: 0 VRd,c = VRd ,c fB, V f AR, V f, V
Rec. load:
VRd = min { VRd,c ;VRd,s }
Safety check:
VSd VRd
VSd
design value of applied shear loads
39
Anchor design
Combined load: If there are combinations of tensile and shear loads, i. e. loads under an angle with respect to the anchor axis, the design check is given by: F () FRd ()
The design action, Fat an angle is given by:
F = N 2 + V 2 V N
= arctan
Where
N = tensile component V = shear component
There are two common methods of checking the anchor suitability,
1. Using the parabolic curve relationship
N V + 1 N V Rd Rd
= 2.0 = 1.5 If N Rd and V Rd are governed by steel failure For all other failure modes
2. Using the straight line relationship
N V + 1.2 NRd VRd
40
Anchor design
5.2.2 Differences compared to the design method according to ETAG Annex C
To allow a simple manual calculation with this handbook different factors in ETAG Annex C are combined in one factor and some of the factors are not taken into account. Details for the statements below can be found in the document Metal Anchors for Use in Concrete, Guideline for European Technical Approval Annex C.
Resistance to Tension Loads: Resistance to steel failure: no changes Resistance to pull-out failure: no changes
Resistance to concrete cone failure: The general formula for concrete cone resistance is:
0 N Rk ,c = N Rk ,c
Ac , N Ac0, N
s , N ec , N re , N ucr , N
The resistances to concrete cone failure given in chapter 2 and 3 relate to a standard concrete quality of C20/25. The factor fB,N takes into account the different concrete grades, which are already respected in
0 N Rk ,c . The factors fA,N and fA,R combine the factors
Ac , N s ,N . Ac0, N
The factor ec , N relates to an eccentricity of the acting load on the anchor plate. This factor is not included in the simplified design method. The factor re , N relates to a spalling of the concrete above the first layer of rebars. This failure mode is not decisive for embedment depth bigger than 100mm or a reasonable layout of the rebars. The factor ucr , N takes into account the different resistances for cracked and uncracked concrete. In this manual these different values are given in separate tables. Therefore the ucr , N is not necessary. Resistance to splitting failure: If the minimum value for the thickness of the concrete member is considered splitting is not decisive. Resistance to Shear Loads: Resistance to steel failure without lever arm: no changes Resistance to steel failure with lever arm: With this simplified method a stand-off fastening cannot be calculated. Resistance to concrete pry-out: This failure mode is only decisive with short, stiff anchors and is therefore not considered in this simplified method. Resistance to concrete edge failure: The general formula for concrete edge resistance is:
0 VRk ,c = VRk ,c
Ac ,V Ac0,V
s ,V h ,V ,V ec ,V ucr , N
The resistances given in chapter 2 and 3 relates to a standard concrete quality of C20/25 at a minimum edge distance. The factor fB,N takes into account the different concrete grades, which are already integrated in VRk , c . The factors fAR,V combines the factors
0
Ac ,V Ac0,V
s ,V h ,V
The factor ec , N relates to an eccentricity of the load on the anchor plate. This is not taken into account in the simplified method. The factor ,V calculates the effect of the load direction and is f,V in this manual.
41
Anchor design
The factor ucr , N takes into account the different resistances for cracked and uncracked concrete. In this manual these different values are given in separate tables. Therefore the ucr , N is not necessary.
5.2.3 Anchor Design Program PROFIS Anchor

In addition to the possible design according to different national and international approvals a new Hilti design method SOFA (=Solutions for fastenings) is introduced. This method is different in several points from the simplified method in this manual. Therefore the results can be different as well. 1. The above mentioned restrictions for eccentricity are not valid in SOFA. 2. SOFA allows all geometries for anchor plates and all anchor positions. This makes an engineering judgement of the design necessary (especially for shear forces close to an edge). The main assumption is the even load redistribution on all anchors. 3. If a bending moment is acting on the anchor plate the anchor forces are calculated in relation to the bedding of the anchor plate on the concrete. This leads to different results as if the anchor forces are calculated according to simplified measures. (E.g. rigid anchor plate). 4. For bonded anchors with a bigger embedment depth than standard the concrete resistance is calculated as a combination of concrete cone failure and pull-out failure. Both calculations, according to the manual and using the anchor program, lead to conservative results, i.e. the results are on the safe side.
42
Anchor design
5.2.4 Anchor design according to the ultimate limit state design method (Hilti CC method)
Basic Load Data
The first page of the product data shows the results of an anchor calculation for a specific case, for example, non-cracked concrete concrete compressive strength, fc,cyl = 20 MPa no edge or spacing influences. For any other scenario, do not use the data as the basis for calculation. The calculation method Detailed Desgin Method Hilti CC should be used. The method calculates the resistance to pure tension and to pure shear, separately. The two results are finally combined to determine the load capacity at angle
TENSION The tensile resistance is the minimum of,

NRd,p : concrete pull-out resistance NRd,c : concrete cone resistance NRd,s : steel resistance:
NRd,p : Concrete pull-out resistance

Refer to the tables / formulae under Detailed design method Hilti CC Tension The basic tensile pull-out resistance N0Rd,p is tabulated. for each anchor size.
N0Rd,p : Basic concrete pull-out resistance N0Rd,p = kN
fBN : Influence of concrete strength

tabulated.
fB,N = NRd,p : Concrete pull-out resistance

Take the basic value and apply the concrete strength factor.
o N Rd ,p = N Rd ,p f BN
NRd,p =
kN
NRd,c : Concrete cone resistance

Refer to the tables / formulae under Detailed design method Hilti CC Tension The basic tensile concrete cone resistance N0Rd,c is tabulated. for each anchor size. Where applicable, different data is given for cracked and non- cracked concrete. Some anchors have not been tested in cracked concrete.
N0Rd,c : Basic concrete cone resistance
N0Rd,c =
kN
fT : Influence of embedment depth

An increased tensile capacity may result from setting some anchor products deeper into the concrete. Use formula and observe the limits given
fT =
43
Anchor design
fBN : Influence of concrete strength
tabulated.
fB,N =
Note : An anchor may be influenced by spacings and/or edges in up to 4 directions. The factors are independent. The stressed areas (cones of influence) can be visualised as circles. Where the circles overlap, or where they are cut by an edge, reduction factors apply. For TENSION, consider the spacings and edges affecting the weakest anchor. If it is not immediately clear which anchor is the weakest, then several calculations may be necessary Here, anchor A is the weakest. It is influenced by two spacings and two edges. The small overlap with the lower right anchor can be ignored.
fAN: Influence of anchor spacing

tabulated. (formula for other spacings) Multiply together all individual factors for each relevant spacing relevant spacings s1 = s2 = s3 = s4 = fAN (for s1) = fAN (for s2) = fAN (for s3) = fAN (for s4) =
fAN = fRN: Influence of edge distance

tabulated. (formula for other edge distances) Multiply together all individual factors for each relevant edge distance relevant edges c1 = c2 = c3 = if more than 3 edges are < ccrn, contact Hilti fRN (for c1) = fRN (for c2) = fRN (for c3) =
fRN =
NRd,c : Concrete cone resistance,

Take the basic value and apply all the relevant factors.
o NRd ,c = NRd , c fT fBN f AN fRN
NRd,c =
kN
NRd,s : Steel tensile resistance

Read directly from the table
NRd,s = NRd : Design resistance for pure tension NRd = minimum of NRd,p , NRd,c and NRd,s NRd =
kN
kN
44
Anchor design
SHEAR The shear resistance is the minimum of,
VRd,c : concrete edge resistance VRd,s : steel resistance:
VRd,c : Concrete edge resistance

Refer to the tables / formulae under Detailed design method Hilti CC Shear The weakest concrete edge resistance must be calculated. All nearby edges must be checked, (not only the edge in the direction of shear). When considering concrete edge failure, it helps to picture the failure as though the shear was towards the edge (The actual shear direction is accounted for by the influence of load direction, f,V ). The white areas in the following diagrams represent the concrete capacity - more area means more capacity. Single Pair Row
The concrete edge resistance for a single anchor depends on the edge distance. The shape of the stressed area is approximated to a triangle of height c and base 3c as shown. Two individual anchors
s<3c s1<3c , s2<3c , s3<3c If further anchors are close enough (s<3c) they will influence the edge resistance because the stressed areas overlap.
4 hole baseplate
s 3c - treat as two single anchors If further anchors are far enough away from each other (s 3c), they must be treated as single anchors. If they are treated as a group, the resistance result will be too high as it assumes benefit from the unstressed concrete between.
s<3c The actual baseplate design will often contain other anchors which are further from the edge. These have no affect on the edge resistance (but they must be considered for the tensile calculations). Above, the resistance for the 2 anchors closest to the edge can be found. It is important that the baseplate be designed and installed such that the applied shear is distributed onto all anchors, as assumed in these calculations
V0Rd,c : Basic concrete edge resistance

The basic concrete edge resistance V0Rd,c is tabulated.for each anchor size at minimum edge distance cmin (factors are applied which increase this resistance for greater edge distances) c = cmin
V0Rd,c =
kN
45
Anchor design
COMBINED LOADS
There are two common methods of checking the anchor suitability,
1. Using the parabolic curve relationship
N V + 1 N V Rd Rd
= 2.0 = 1.5 If N Rd and V Rd are governed by steel failure For all other failure modes
2. Using the straight line relationship
N V + 1.2 NRd VRd

46
Anchor design
47

Glossary of Hilti Anchors
HAS-E HAS-E-F HAS-E-R HDA-P HDA-T HIS-N HIS-RN HIT-AN Zinc plated threaded rod, standard length, with friction taper for easy setting Hot dipped galvanised threaded rod, standard length, with friction taper for easy setting Stainless steel threaded rod, standard length, with friction taper for easy setting Self undercutting, heavy duty mechanical anchor. "P" for in place fastening Self undercutting, heavy duty mechanical anchor. "T" for through fastening Zinc plated internally threaded anchor sleeve Stainless steel internally threaded anchor sleeve Threaded rod, specifically for use with HIT-HY20 in hollow base materials
HIT-HY SC Composite mesh sieve, specifically for use with HIT-HY20 in hollow base materials HIT-HY 150 Two component hybrid mortar injection anchor, for use in solid base materials HIT-HY 20 HIT-IG Two component hybrid mortar injection anchor, for use in hollow base materials Internally threaded sleeve, specifically for use with HIT-HY20 in hollow base materials Internally threaded drop-in anchor, zinc plated Internally threaded drop-in anchor, stainless steel Hilti Stud Anchor, zinc plated Hilti Stud Anchor, hot dipped galvanised Hilti Stud Anchor, stainless steel Self undercutting mechanical anchor for shallow embedment depth. External thread, zinc plated Self undercutting mechanical anchor for shallow embedment depth. External thread, stainless steel Self undercutting mechanical anchor for shallow embedment depth. Internal thread, zinc plated Self undercutting mechanical anchor for shallow embedment depth. Internal thread, stainless steel High tensile steel mechanical expansion anchor, for heavy duty fastenings High tensile steel mechanical expansion anchor, for heavy duty fastenings. With Torque Indicator Cap Concrete screw anchor Hilti Vinyl Urethane chemical capsule
HIT-RE 500 High performance injection epoxy, ideal for rebar application HKD-S HKD-SR HSA HSA-F HSA-R HSC-A HSC-AR HSC-I HSC-IR HSL-3 HSL-3-B HUS-H HVU
48

Chemical anchors
The following are examples of some typical specifications
Anchor
HVU + HAS-E
Zinc plated
Hilti HVU M16 chemical capsule with HAS-E M16 rod (zinc plated). Standard 125mm embedment.
Hot dipped galvanised

Hilti HVU M16 chemical capsule with HAS-E-F M16 rod (hot dipped galvanised). Standard 125mm embedment
Stainless steel
Hilti HVU M16 chemical capsule with HAS-E-R M16 rod (stainless steel). Standard 125mm embedment
HVU + HIS-N
Hilti HVU M20 chemical capsule with HIS-N M16 sleeve (zinc plated). Standard 170mm embedment.
N/A
Hilti HVU M20 chemical capsule with HIS-RN M16 sleeve (stainless steel). Standard 170mm embedment
HIT-HY150 + HAS-E
Hilti HIT-HY150 chemical injection with HAS-E M16 rod (zinc plated). Standard 125mm embedment
Hilti HIT-HY150 chemical injection with HAS-E-F M16 rod (hot dipped galvanised). Standard 125mm embedment
Hilti HIT-HY150 chemical injection with HAS-E-R M16 rod (stainless steel). Standard 125mm embedment
HIT-HY150 + HIS-N
Hilti HIT-HY150 chemical injection with HIS-N M16 sleeve (zinc plated). Standard 170mm embedment
N/A
Hilti HIT-HY150 chemical injection with HIS-RN M16 sleeve (stainless steel). Standard 170mm embedment
HIT-HY20
Hilti HIT-HY20 chemical injection with HAS-E M12 rod (zinc plated) using HITHY SC composite sleeve. Standard 85mm embedment
Contact your local Hilti Engineer
Contact your local Hilti Engineer
HIT-RE500 + Rebar
Hilti HIT-RE500 chemical injection with N16 rebar. 430mm embedment
N/A
N/A
49

Mechanical anchors
The following are examples of some typical specifications
Anchor
HDA-P
Zinc plated
Hilti HDA-P M10x100/20 design anchor (zinc plated) NB: /20 = max. thickness fastened of 20mm Hilti HDA-PF M10x100/20
Hot dipped galvanised

design anchor (sheradised)
Stainless steel
(stainless steel)
HDA-T
NB: /20 = max. thickness NB: /20 = max. thickness fastened of 20mm fastened of 20mm Hilti HDA-PR M10x100/20 design anchor
HSL-3-B
Hilti HSL-3-B M12/25 heavy See HSL-G-R anchor duty anchor (zinc plated) NB: /25 = max. thickness fastened of 25mm -B = automatic torque indicator cap N/A NB: Special length HSL-G anchors can be made to suit design requirements. Contact your local Hilti Engineer N/A Hilti HSL-G-R M12/25 heavy duty anchor (stainless steel) NB: /25 = max. thickness fastened of 25mm
HSL-3
HSL-G-R
HSC-A
Hilti HSC-A M10x40 safety anchor (zinc plated) Hilti HSC-I M10x50 safety anchor (zinc plated) Hilti HSA M16x140 stud anchor (zinc plated)
N/A
Hilti HSC-AR M10x40 safety anchor (stainless steel)
HSC-I
N/A
Hilti HSC-IR M10x50 safety anchor (stainless steel) Hilti HSA-R M16x140 stud anchor (stainless steel)
HSA
Hilti HSA-F M16x140 stud anchor (hot dipped galvanized)
HKD-S
Hilti HKD-S M10x40 N/A drop-in anchor (zinc plated)
Hilti HKD-SR M10x40 dropin anchor (stainless steel)
50

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AUSTRALIA

Fastening Technology Manual

Australia Fastening Technology Manual

Hilti. Outperform. Outlast

Hilti. Outperform. Outlast.

Issue 2007 Sept Re-print

Fastening Technology Manual

Issue 2007 Sept. Re-print

Hilti = registered trademark of the Hilti Corporation, Schaan

Right of technical and programme changes reserved

NATIONAL PHONE NO. 131 292

Application guide 1 Base materials

Specifying Hilti anchors

7.1 Adhesive anchoring systems

7.2 Mechanical anchoring systems

98 98 108 116 122

124 133 143 150 159

8.2 8.3 8.4

9 DX Powder actuated fastening

HVU adhesive anchor

Hilti HIT injection technique

HSL-3 heavy duty anchor

HSC-A safety anchor

HSC-I safety anchor HSA stud anchor

HKD-S drop in anchor

HUS-H concrete screw anchor

HVU adhesive capsule

7 11.1 16.2 30.2 47

180 220 250 340 410

90 110 140 180 210

HVU-M10 x 90 HVU-M12 x 110 HVU-M16 x 125 HVU-M20 x 170 HVU-M24 x 210

HIS-N M8 HIS-N M10 HIS-N M12 HIS-N M16 HIS-N M20

7.9 12.6 18.3 34.6 54.0 77.8 199.3 291.5

160 180 220 250 340 420 540 660

80 90 110 140 180 210 270 330

7.9 12.6 18.3 34.6 54 77.8

160 180 220 250 340 420

80 90 110 140 180 210

Hilti HIT-HY 150 injection mortar

7 11.1 16.2 30.2 47

180 220 250 340 420

90 110 140 180 210

3.5 5.5 7.5 10

HIT-SC 16/85 HIT-SC 16/85 HIT-SC 16/85 HIT-SC 20/85

3.5 5.5 7.5

Hilti HIT-RE 500 injection adhesive

ANCHOR FASTENING DESIGN MODEL for N500 Grade Rebar

N10 N12 N16 N20 N24 N28 N32 N36 N40

12-14 15-16 20-22 25-28 29-32 34-37 39-42 44-46 48-50

90 110 125 170 210 270 300 330 360

20.3 29.7 45.0 76.4 117.9 148.2 174.3 198.6 222.6

31.4 45.2 80.4 125.7 181 246.3 321.7 407.2 502.7

180 220 250 340 420 540 600 660 720

90 110 125 170 210 270 300 330 360

M10 M12 M12 M16 M16 M20 M20

100 125 125 190 190 250 250

30.7 44.7 44.7 84.0 84.0 130.7 130.7

43.3 53.3 53.3 93.3 93.3 140.0 140.0

300 375 375 570 570 750 750

150 187 187 285 285 375 375

50 80 80 120 120 300 300

Spacing min (tension) (mm)

Edge dist. Tight. min (tens.) torque (mm) (Nm)