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Algebra
1 Linear graphs
1. Draw 2. Draw
On the same axes, draw the graphs of y = At which point do the two lines intersect? the gradient of each of these lines.
b a d g e
5. Find
j h
6. Find
the gradient of each of these lines. What is special about these lines?
a y 6 4 2 8 6 4 2 2 4 6 8 2 4 6 x 8 6 4 b y 6 4 2 2 2 4 2 4 6 x
6 8
= x
7. Draw
these lines using the gradient-intercept method. Use grids, taking x from 10 to 10 and y from 10 to 10.
a
y = 2x + 6
y=x+7
1 y= x3 4
y=x+8
8. a
Using the gradient-intercept method, draw the following lines on the same grid. Use axes with ranges 6 x 6 and 8 y 8.
i
y = 3x + 1
ii
y = 2x + 3
9.
Give the equation of each of these lines, all of which have positive gradients. (Each square represents 1 unit.)
a y 4 2 4 2 2 4 2 4 x b y 4 2 4 2 2 4 2 4 x c y 4 2 4 2 2 4 2 4 x
y 4 2 4 2 2 4 2 4 x
y 4 2 4 2 2 4 2 4 x
y 4 2 4 2 2 4 2 4 x
10.
Give the equation of each of these lines, all of which have negative gradients. (Each square represents 1 unit.)
a y 4 2 4 2 2 4 2 4 x b y 4 2 4 2 2 4 2 4 x c y 4 2 4 2 2 4 2 4 x
y 4 2 4 2 2 4 2 4 x
y 4 2 4 2 2 4 2 4 x
carefully at each number sequence below. Find the next two numbers in the sequence and try to explain the pattern. 1, 1, 2, 3, 5, 8, 13, 3, 4, 7, 11, 18, 29, numbers are found as follows.
b
a c
2. Triangular
10
n1 are: n+1
n = 1:
n = 2:
1 21 = 2+1 3
a b
Work out the next five terms of this sequence. This is a well-known sequence you have met before. What is it?
5. Find
the next two terms and the nth term in each of these linear sequences.
a d
b e
6. Find a d
the nth term and the 50th term in each of these linear sequences.
b e
7. The
This gives the sequence 2, 4, 8, 16, 32, The nth term is given by 2n.
a b
Continue the sequence for another five terms. Give the nth term of these sequences.
i ii iii
8.
a b c d 9.
Draw the 4th diagram. How many squares are in the nth diagram? How many squares are in the 25th diagram? With 200 squares, which is the biggest diagram that could be made?
b c d 10.A
How many matchsticks are needed for the nth set of triangles? How many matchsticks are needed to make the 60th set of triangles? If there are only 100 matchsticks, which is the largest set of triangles that could be made?
school dining hall had tables in the shape of a trapezium. Each table could seat five people, as shown on the right. When the tables were joined together as shown below, each table could not seat as many people.
1
a
four tables?
ii
n tables?
iii
13 tables?
For an outside charity event, up to 200 people had to be seated. How many tables arranged like this did they need?
3 Substitution
1. Find
a a a a
b = 2.5, x = 6, y = 2, x = 5,
b b b b
b = 1.5, x = 24, y = 4,
1 x= 2,
c c c c
1 b= 2.
2. Evaluate 3. Find
x when 3
x = 30. y = 6.
3 x= 4.
b = 2 and c = 3,
A= 180(n 2) , find A when n+5
b = 5 and c = 7,
b = 1 and c = 4.
6. Where a
n = 7,
Z=
n = 3,
n = 1.
7. Where a
y = 4,
y = 6,
y = 1.5.
4 Simplifying expressions
1. Write a c e g i k m o
2 more than x
6 less than x
2. Asha,
Bernice and Charu are three sisters. Bernice is x years old. Asha is three years older than Bernice. Charu is four years younger than Bernice. How old is Asha? How old is Charu?
a b 3. An
approximation method of converting from degrees Celsius to degrees Fahrenheit is given by this rule: Multiply by 2 and add 30. Using C to stand for degrees Celsius and F to stand for degrees Fahrenheit, complete this formula. F =
4.
Anne has three bags of marbles. Each bag contains n marbles. How many marbles does she have altogether? Beryl gives her another three marbles. How many marbles does Anne have now?
c d 5. a b c d 6.
Anne puts one of her new marbles in each bag. How many marbles are there now in each bag? Anne takes two marbles out of each bag. How many marbles are there now in each bag? I go shopping with $10 and spend $6. How much do I have left? I go shopping with $10 and spend $x. How much do I have left? I go shopping with $y and spend $x. How much do I have left? I go shopping with $3x and spend $x. How much do I have left?
b d
7. 8.
A boy went shopping with $A. He spent $B. How much has he got left? Simplify the following expressions:
a
2 3t
2w 4
2w w
3t 2t
9.
Joseph is given $t, John has $3 more than Joseph, Joy has $2t.
a b
How much more money has Joy than Joseph? How much do the three of them have altogether?
10.
a+a+a+a+a
4e + 5e
b d f h j l
c+c+c+c+c+c f + 2f + 3f
3i + 2i i 9q 3q 3q 2w + 4w 7w 8y2 + 5y2 7y2 y2
m
g+g+g+gg
5j + j 2j 3r 3r 5x2 + 6x2 7x2 + 2x2
11.
3x + 4x 5t 2t 2x 3x
b d f h
4y + 2y
t 4t
k 4k 2y2 + 3y2 5y2
m2 + 2m2 m2
f 2 + 4f 2 2f 2
12.
5x + 8 + 2x 3 4p + 2t + p 2t 3 + 2t + p t + 2 + 4 p
b d f h
7 2x 1 + 7x 8 + x + 4x 2 5w 2k 2w 3k + 5w 9k y 5y k + 10
a+b+c+dabd
13.
Write each of these in a shorter form. (Be careful some of them will not simplify.)
a c e g i k m
c+d+d+d+c f + 3g + 4h
4k + 5p 2k + 4p 4m 5n + 3m 2n 5u 4v + u + v 2w + 4y 7y 8y2 + 5z 7z 9y2
b d f h j l n
2d + 2e + 3d 3i + 2k i + k 3k + 2m + 5p
n + 3 p 6p + 5 n
2v 5w + 5w 5x2 + 6x2 7y + 2y 2z2 2x2 + 3x2 3z2
2(3 + m)
b e
t(t + 3)
k(k2 5)
2.
4t + 3t 3t t 3ab + 2ab
b e h
3d + 2d + 4d 2t 2 + 3t 2 7a2d 4a2d
c f
5e 2e 6y2 2y2
3.
b d
4.
b d
5.
b e
4a2 + 6a + 8
6.
b e h
c f i
b e
(2a 3)(3a + 1)
8.
b e
(m + 4)2 (x + y)2
(t 5)2
9.
x2 + 5x + 6 t 2 5t + 6 n2 3n 18
b e h
p2 + 14p + 24 c2 18c + 32 d2 + 2d + 1
c f
a2 + 8a + 12 p2 8p + 15
10.
x2 9 k2 100
b e
t 2 25 x2 y2
c f
m2 16
9x2 1
11.
b d
6 Solving equations
1.
x + 3 = 12 8
3y 1=8 2
2.
t x + 10 +3=1 e =3 5 2 Solve each of the following equations. Remember to check that each answer works for its original equation.
e c
2( x + 5) = 16 2( 3x + 1) = 11
b d
2(3y 5) = 14 9(3x 5) = 9
3.
2x + 3 = x + 5 3(2y + 3) = 5(2y + 1)
b e
7p 5 = 3p + 3 4(3b 1) + 6 = 5(2b + 4)
2(d + 3) = d + 12
Set up an equation to represent each situation described below. Then solve the equation. Remember to check each answer.
4. A
man buys a daily paper from Monday to Saturday for d pence. On Sunday he buys the Observer for 1.60. His weekly paper bill is 4.90. How much is his daily paper?
5. In a b
this rectangle, the length is 3 centimetres more than the width. The perimeter is 12 cm. What is the value of x? What is the area of the rectangle?
x (x + 3)
6. Mary
has two bags of sweets, each of which contains the same number of sweets. She eats four sweets. She then finds that she has 30 sweets left. How many sweets were in each bag to start with?
7. A
boy is Y years old. His father is 25 years older than he is. The sum of their ages is 31. How old is the boy? thought of a number. He then multiplied his number by 3. He added 4 to the answer. He then doubled that answer to get a final value of 38. What number did he start with?
8. Max
7 Rearranging formulae
1. T 2. A
= 3k
Make k the subject. Make r the subject. Make m the subject. Make r the subject. Make p the subject. Make d the subject.
a a
= 4r + 9 m 3. g = v
4. C 5. m
= 2r
= p2 + 2 1 6. A = d 2, 4
7. v 8. K
= u2 t = 5n2 + w
b b
9. Make a c 10.
p(a + b) = q(a b)
(b)
s(t r) = 2(r 3)
When two resistors with values a and b are connected in parallel, the total resistance is given by:
R=
a b
ab a+b
Make b the subject of the formula. Write the formula when a is the subject.
11. a
y=
b
x+2 x2
4 can be rearranged to give: x2
x=2+
c
4 y1
Combine the right-hand sides of each formula in part b into single fractions and simplify as much as possible. What do you notice?
d 12.
a b c
Explain why it is not possible to make r the subject of this formula. Make the subject. If h = r, can the formula be rearranged to make r the subject? If so, rearrange it to make r the subject.
h
8
1.
Functions
Given that f(x) = x + 1 and g(x) = x2 find:
a b c d e f
2.
State which values of x cannot be included in the domain of the following functions.
a b c
f : x 1/x g : x (x 5) 10 h:x (x + 1)
3.
Find i f(3) ii f( 3)
10
4. Complete
f(x) = x+2 x 10 2x
f 1(x) =
Find i
f(100)
6. The a b 7. f a
: x x3 and g : x Find i
fg(2)
ii gf(1)
b
Find i
fg(x)
For each composite function in part b, state which values of x cannot be included in the domain.
11
9 Algebraic indices
1. Rewrite a f
5x3
1 3 2x
6t 1
c h
7m2
3 4 4t
d i
4q4
4 3 5y
e j
10y5
7 5 8x
1 1 g 2m
2. Change a
7 x3
10 p
5 t2
8 m5
3 y
3. Find a
the value of each of the following, where the letters have the given values.
Where x = 5
i
x2
ii
x3
iii
4x1
Where t = 4
i
t3
ii
t 2
iii
5t 4
Where m = 2
i
m3
ii
m5
iii
9m1
Where w = 10
i
w6
ii
w3
iii
25w2
4. Simplify a d
a2 a a6 a2
these expressions.
a3 a2 a3 a
c f
a4 a3 a5 a4
5. Simplify a d
b e
c f
6. Simplify a d
b e
c f
7. Simplify a d
b e
6a2b3 5a4b5
8. Simplify a
6a4b3 2ab
9. Rewrite a
t 2
3
m3
4
k2
5
x3
12
10 Linear programming
1. Solve a
x+47
2x 3 7
x +47 2
3y 12 y 4 2(4x 1) 3(x + 4)
t 24 3
2. Solve a d
4x + 1 3x 5 2x + 3 x + 1
5t 3 2t + 5 5w 7 3w + 4
c f
3. Solve a
x+4 3 2
4x 3 5 5
x3 7 5
3t 2 4 7
2x + 5 6 3 5y + 3 2 5
4. Write
2
5. Draw a e
x3 x 1
x 2
2x5
c g
x0
1 x 3
d h
x5
3 x 4
6. Solve a e
x+48
2(4x + 3) 18
x+53 x +32 2
c g
4x 2 12
d h
2x + 5 3
x 28 5
x +53 3
7. a Draw b
8. a Draw b
9. a Draw b c 10. a b c
Draw the line x = 1 (as a solid line) on the same grid. Shade the region defined by 2 x 1. Draw the line y = 1 (as a dashed line). Draw the line y = 4 (as a solid line) on the same grid. Shade the region defined by 1 y 4.
13
11. a
3 x 6
ii
4 y 5
(2, 2)
ii
(1, 5)
iii
(2, 4)
12. a b c d e
Draw the line y = 3x 4 (as a solid line). Draw the line x + y = 10 (as a solid line) on the same diagram. Shade the diagram so that the region defined by y 3x 4 is left unshaded. Shade the diagram so that the region defined by x + y 10 is left unshaded. Are the following points in the region defined by both inequalities?
i
(2, 1)
ii
(2, 2)
iii
(2, 3)
13.
Pens cost 45p each and pencils cost 25p each. Jane has 2.00 with which to buy pens and pencils. She buys x pens and y pencils.
a b
Write down an inequality that must be true. She must have at least two more pencils than pens. Write down an inequality that must be true.
14.
Mushtaq has to buy some apples and some pears. He has 3.00 to spend. Apples cost 30p each and pears cost 40p each. He must buy at least two apples and at least three pears, and at least seven fruits altogether. He buys x apples and y pears.
a
3x + 4y 30
ii
x2
iii
y3
iv
x+y7
Using a suitable scale draw four lines to show the inequalities in part a. Shade the unwanted regions.
c 15.
What is the maximum number of apples and pears which Mushtaq can buy?
A shop decides to stock only sofas and beds. A sofa takes up 4 m2 of floor area and is worth $300. A bed takes up 3 m2 of floor area and is worth $500. The shop has 48 m2 of floor space for stock. The insurance policy will allow a total of only $6000 of stock to be in the shop at any one time. The shop stocks x sofas and y beds.
a
4x + 3y 48
ii
3x + 5y 60
Using a suitable scale draw two lines to show the inequalities in part a. Shade the unwanted regions.
What is the maximum number of sofas and beds which can be stocked?
14
16.
The 300 pupils in Year 7 are to go on a trip to Adern Towers theme park. The local bus company has six 40-seat coaches and five 50-seat coaches. The school hires x 40-seat coaches and y 50-seat coaches.
a
4x + 5y 30
ii
x6
iii
y5
Using a suitable scale draw three lines to show the inequalities in part a. Shade the unwanted regions.
The cost of hiring each coach is $100 for a 40-seater and $120 for a 50-seater. Which combination of 40-seater and 50-seater coaches gives the cheapest option?
T when M = 3
M when T = 10
2.
W when F = 5
F when W = 90
3.
Q when P = 3
P when Q = 300
4.
X when Y = 9
Y when X = 30
5.
The distance covered by a train is directly proportional to the time taken. The train travels 105 miles in 3 hours.
a b
What distance will the train cover in 5 hours? What time will it take for the train to cover 280 miles?
6.
T when x = 5
x when T = 400
7.
W when M = 3
M when W = 75
8.
E when C = 49
C when E = 10.4
9.
X when Y = 36
Y when X = 48
10.
P when f = 4
f when P = 50
15
11.
In an experiment, the temperature, in C, varied directly with the square of the pressure, in atmospheres. The temperature was 20 C when the pressure was 5 atm.
a
12.
The weight, in grams, of ball bearings varies directly with the cube of the radius measured in millimetres. A ball bearing of radius 4 mm has a weight of 115.2 g.
a b
What will a ball bearing of radius 6 mm weigh? A ball bearing has a weight of 48.6 g. What is its radius?
T when m = 4
m when T = 4.8
14.
W when x = 3
x when W = 10
15.
Q when t = 10
t when Q = 16
16.
M when t = 3
t when M = 1.44
17.
W when T = 25
T when W = 2.4
18.
The grant available to a section of society was inversely proportional to the number of people needing the grant. When 30 people needed a grant, they received $60 each.
a b
What would the grant have been if 120 people had needed one? If the grant had been $50 each, how many people would have received it?
19.
While doing underwater tests in one part of an ocean, a team of scientists noticed that the temperature in C was inversely proportional to the depth in kilometres. When the temperature was 6 C, the scientists were at a depth of 4 km.
a b
What would the temperature have been at a depth of 8 km? To what depth would they have had to go to find the temperature at 2 C?
20.
A new engine was being tested, but it had serious problems. The distance it went, in km, without breaking down was inversely proportional to the square of its speed in m/s. When the speed was 12 m/s, the engine lasted 3 km.
a b
Find the distance covered before a breakdown, when the speed is 15 m/s. On one test, the engine broke down after 6.75 km. What was the speed?
21.
The amount of waste which a firm produces, measured in tonnes per hour, is inversely proportional to the square root of the size of the filter beds, measured in m2. At the moment, the firm produces 1.25 tonnes per hour of waste, with filter beds of size 0.16 m2.
a b
The filter beds used to be only 0.01 m2. How much waste did the firm produce then? How much waste could be produced if the filter beds were 0.75 m2?
16
12 Simultaneous equations
1.
By drawing their graphs, find the solution of each of these pairs of simultaneous equations.
a
y=x x + y = 10
3x + 2y = 18
y = 3x
2.
4x + y = 17 2x + y = 9
3x + 2y = 11 2x 2y = 14
2x + 5y = 37
y = 11 2x
3.
5x + 2y = 4 4x y = 11
2x + 3y = 19 6x + 2y = 22
5x 2y = 4 3x 6y = 6
4.
2x + 5y = 15 3x 2y = 13
3x 2y = 15 2x 3y = 5
2x + y = 4
xy=5
3x + 2y = 2 2x + 6y = 13
3x y = 5
x + 3y = 20
Read each situation carefully, then make a pair of simultaneous equations in order to solve the problem.
5.
Amul and Kim have $10.70 between them. Amul has $3.70 more than Kim. Let x be the amount Amul has and y be the amount Kim has. Set up a pair of simultaneous equations. How much does each have? Three chews and four bubblies cost 72p. Five chews and two bubblies cost 64p. What would three chews and five bubblies cost? A taxi firm charges a fixed amount plus so much per mile. A journey of 6 miles costs 3.70. A journey of 10 miles costs 5.10. What would be the cost of a journey of 8 miles? When you book Bingham Hall for a conference, you pay a fixed booking fee plus a charge for each delegate at the conference. The total charge for a conference with 65 delegates was $192.50. The total charge for a conference with 40 delegates was $180. What will be the charge for a conference with 70 delegates?
6.
7.
8.
13 Quadratic equations
1.
(x + 2)(x + 5) = 0 (x 3)(x 2) = 0
(x + 3)(x 2) = 0
(x 1)(x + 2) = 0
2.
x2 + 5x + 4 = 0 x2 + 4x + 4 = 0
b e
x2 8x + 15 = 0 t 2 + 8t + 12 = 0
t 2 + 4t 12 = 0
17
3.
x2 + 10x = 24
x2 + 2x = 24
4.
x2 + 4x
x2 4x
x2 + 10x
x2 + 2x
5.
x2 + 4x 1
x2 4x 1
x2 + 8x 6
x2 + 2x 9
6.
Solve by completing the square. Give your answers to two decimal places.
a
x2 + 2x 5 = 0
x2 4x 7 = 0
x2 + 2x 9 = 0
7.
Solve the following equations using the quadratic formula. Give your answers to 2 decimal places.
a d
2x2 + x 8 = 0 4x2 + 9x + 3 = 0
b e
x2 x 10 = 0
3x2 7x + 1 = 0
c f
8.
The sides of a right-angled triangle are x, (x + 2) and (2x 2). The hypotenuse is length (2x 2). Find the actual dimensions of the triangle.
The length of a rectangle is 5 m more than its width. Its area is 300 m2. Find the actual dimensions of the rectangle. 3 10. Solve the equation x + = 7. Give your answers correct to 2 decimal places. x 11. On a journey of 400 km, the driver of a train calculates that if he were to increase his average speed by 2 km/h, he would take 20 minutes less. Find his average speed.
9. 12.
A train has a scheduled time for its journey. If the train averages 50 km/h, it arrives 12 minutes early. If the train averages 45 km/h, it arrives 20 minutes late. Find how long the train should take for the journey.
14 Algebraic fractions
1.
x x + 2 3
x y + 2 3
2x 1 3x 1 + 2 4
x 4 2x 3 + 5 2
2.
x x 2 3
x y 2 3
2x + 1 3x + 3 2 4
x 4 2x 3 5 2
3.
x+1 x+2 + =3 2 5
2x 1 3x + 1 + =7 3 4
3x + 1 5x 1 =0 5 7
4.
x x 2 3
4y2 3x2 9x 2y
2x + 1 3x + 1 2 4
5 x5 2 10 x 5x
18
5.
x x 2 3
2y 4y2 2 9x 3x
2x + 1 4x + 2 2 4
x 5 x2 5x 10 5
6.
3x x + 4 4
3x x 4 4
3x + 1 x 2 2 5
2x2 2y2 9 3
7.
4 5 + =2 x+1 x+2
4 3 =1 2x 1 3x 1
8.
x2 + 2x 3 2x2 + 7x + 3
4x2 + x 3 4x2 7x + 3
Copy and complete the table for the graph of y = 3x2 for values of x from 3 to 3.
x y
b c 2. a
3 27
1 3
2 12
Use your graph to find the value of y when x = 1.5. Use your graph to find the values of x that give a y-value of 10. Copy and complete the table for the graph of y = x2 + 2 for values of x from 5 to 5.
x y = x2 + 2
b c 3. a
5 27
3 11
2 6
Use your graph to find the value of y when x = 2.5. Use your graph to find the values of x that give a y-value of 14. Copy and complete the table for the graph of y = x2 2x 8 for values of x from 5 to 5.
x x2 2x 8 y
b c
5 25 10 8 27
3 9
2 4 4 8 8
Use your graph to find the value of y when x = 0.5. Use your graph to find the values of x that give a y-value of 3.
19
4. a
Copy and complete the table for the graph of y = x2 + 2x 1 for values of x from 3 to 3.
x x2 +2x 1 y
b c d
3 9 6 1 2
1 2
1 1
2 4 4 1 7
Use your graph to find the y-value when x = 2.5. Use your graph to find the values of x that give a y-value of 1. On the same axes, draw the graph of y =
x + 2. 2 x + 2 cross? 2
e 5. a
Copy and complete the table for the graph of y = 2x2 5x 3 for values of x from 2 to 4.
x y
b 6. a
2 15
1.5 9
0.5
0 3
0.5 5
1.5
2.5 3
3.5
4 9
Where does the graph cross the x-axis? Copy and complete the table to draw the graph of y = x2 + 4x for 5 x 2.
x x2 +4x y
b 7. a
5 25 20 5
2 4 8 4
1 1 4 5
Use your graph to find the roots of the equation x2 + 4x = 0. Copy and complete the table to draw the graph of y = x2 6x for 2 x 8.
x x2 6x y
b 8. a
2 4 12 16
1 1 6 5
4 16 24 8
Use your graph to find the roots of the equation x2 6x = 0. Copy and complete the table to draw the graph of y = x2 4x + 4 for 1 x 5.
x y
b c
1 9
3 1
Use your graph to find the roots of the equation x2 4x + 4 = 0. What happens with the roots?
20
9.
2 for 4 x 4. x 2 1 3 4 0.5
x y
b
0.2 10
0.4
0.5 4
0.8 2.5
1.5
Use your graph to find the following. the x-value when y = 1.25 1 Copy and complete the table to draw the graph of y = for 5 x 5. x
i ii
10. a
x y
b c 11. a
0.1 10
0.2
0.4 2.5
0.5
1 1
2.5
5 0.2
On the same axes, draw the line x + y = 5. Use your graph to find the x-values of the points where the graphs cross. 5 Copy and complete the table to draw the graph of y = for 20 x 20. x
x y
b c 12. a
0.2 25
0.4
0.5 10
10
15
20 0.25
On the same axes, draw the line y = x + 10. Use your graph to find the x-values of the points where the graphs cross. Copy and complete the table to draw the graph of y = x3 + 3 for 3 x 3.
x y
b 13. a
1.5
1 2.00
0.5
1.5
2 11.00
2.5
3 30.00
Use your graph to find the y-value for an x-value of 1.2. Copy and complete the table to draw the graph of y = x3 for 3 x 3.
x y
b 14. a
3 27.00
2.5
0.5
1.5
Use your graph to find the y-value for an x-value of 0.6. Copy and complete the table to draw the graph of y = x3 2x + 5 for 3 x 3.
x y
b c
3 2.5 16.00
0.5
1.5
2.5 15.63
On the same axes, draw the graph of y = x + 6. Use your graph to find the x-values of the points where the graphs cross.
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Use your graph to find the gradient of the curve at the following points:
a b c d
x=5 x=1 x = 2 x = 5
a graph of the curve y = x(x 3).
2. Draw
Use your graph to find the gradient of the curve at the following points:
a b c d
3. Draw
Use your graph to find the gradient of the curve at the following points:
a b c 4.
5 4 3 2 1 x
x=2 x = 1 x = 2
y
0 1 2 3 4
a b
Use the graph to find the gradient of the curve when x = 2. Write down the coordinates of the points where the gradient is zero.
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5. Draw
Use your graph to find the gradient of the curve at the following points:
a b c 6. a b
x = 60 x = 90 x = 240
Draw a graph of the curve y = x2. Use your graph to complete the following table:
x gradient at x
c d
Use your table to find a formula for the gradient of the curve y = x2. What can you say about the formula for the gradient of the curve y = x2 + 1 and y = x2 1.
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