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approaching indefinitely.
Example
Oblique Asymptote
The oblique asymptotes are lines of the equation:
The oblique asymptotes will only be found when there are not horizontal asymptotes.
Example
Horizontal Asymptotes
Vertic al Asymptotes
Oblique Asymptotes
Vertical Asymptote
Vertical asymptotes a re vertical lines which the function is approaching indefinitely without ever cutting.
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Example
Constant Function
The equation of a constant function is:
y = b
Vertical Lines
Vertical lines a re para llel to the y -axis.
x = a
Identity Function
The function identity is of the type:
f(x) = x
Thus, the line forms an angle of 45 with the positive x -axis and has a slope: m = 1.
Limits
The limit of the function, f(x), at po int, x 0, is the value of the
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When x becomes closer to 2 from the left and right side, the va lue of the function will approach 4.
It is said that the limit of the function, f( x), as x tends to x 0 , is L. If a real positive number is set, , greater th an zero, there w ill be a positive number, , depending on , for all the values of x th at differ from x 0 th at fulfill the condition | x - x 0 | < , and holds that |f( x) - L| < .
In this case, it can be seen that the limit from both the left and right side as x tends to 2 is 4.
The limit of the function is 4 as x tends to 2 even though the function has no value at x = 2.
To calculate the limit of a function at a point, it is not of importance what happens at that particular po int, but what happens around it.
Example
Calculate
Infinite Limit
A function f( x) has th e limit + when x a if there is a positive real
number K < 0 and this verifies that f(x) < k for all values clo se to a.
Limits at Infinity
Limit of a Sum
Limit of a Multiplication
Limit of a Division
Limit of a Power
Limit of a Function
Limit of a Root
Limit of a Logarithm
Rate of Change
Given the function y = f(x) and two points on the x -axis " a " and " a + h ", where " h " is a real number that corresponds to the increase of x ( x ), the rate of change of a function on the interval [ a, a + h] , denoted by y is the difference between the ord inates corresponding to the points on the x -axis, a a nd a + h .
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Geometric Interpretation
The avera ge rate of change coincides with the slope of the secan t line to the function f(x) , that passes through the points P and Q (see graph above) which are represented on the x -axis as a and a + h .
Examples
Calculate the average rate of change of the function f(x) = x 2 x in th e interva l [1, 4].
A stock market index increased from 1,350 to 1,510 points in one yea r. Find the average monthly rate of change.
Volume of a Function
The volume of the solid revolution generated by rotating the curve f(x) around the x -axis and bounded by x = a and x = b, is given by:
Examples
2. Calculate the volume generated by y = sin x when rotated about the x axis.