SAMPLEX PBS In-Service Training Exam 2013 1. Which zone of Retroperitoneal hematomas need exploration? a.

Zone 1- midline hematomas, require exploration b. Zone 2 lateral perinephric hematomas, selectively explored c. Zone 3 pelvic, monitored unless hematoma is pulsatile or penetrating injury is likely to involve iliac vessels

2.

Embryology of Pancreas

The duct from the smaller ventral bud, which arises from the hepatic diverticulum, connects directly to the common bile duct. The duct from the larger dorsal bud, which arises from the duodenum, drains directly into the duodenum. The duct of the ventral anlage becomes the duct of Wirsung, and the duct from the dorsal anlage becomes the duct of Santorini. With gut rotation, the ventral anlage rotates to the right and around the posterior side of the duodenum to fuse with the dorsal bud. The ventral anlage becomes the inferior portion of the pancreatic head and the uncinate process, while the dorsal anlage becomes the body and tail of the pancreas. 3. Frey's syndrome (also known as Baillargers syndrome, Dupuys syndrome, Auriculotemporal syndrome or Frey-Baillarger syndrome) is a rare neurological disorder resulting from damage to or near the parotid glands responsible for making saliva, and from damage to the facial nerve often from surgery. The symptoms of Frey's syndrome are redness and sweating on the cheek area adjacent to the ear. They can appear when the affected person eats, sees, dreams, thinks about or talks about certain kinds of food which produce strong salivation. Observing sweating in the region after eating a lemon wedge may be diagnostic 4. Anomalies of the hepatic artery and the cystic artery are quite common, occurring in as many as 50% of cases. 5 In about 5% of cases there are two right hepatic arteries, one from the common hepatic artery and the other from the superior mesenteric artery. In about 20% of patients the right hepatic artery comes off the superior mesenteric artery. The right hepatic artery may course anterior to the common duct. The right hepatic artery may be vulnerable during surgical procedures, in particular when it runs parallel to the cystic duct or in the mesentery of the gallbladder. The cystic artery arises from the right hepatic artery in about 90% of cases, but may arise from the left hepatic, common hepatic, gastroduodenal, or superior mesenteric arteries. Contraindications to Transarterial chemoembolization (TACE) include Child Pugh C liver cirrhosis, presence of multifocal bilobar tumour spread, presence of extrahepatic metastases, portal vein thrombosis or arterioportal fistula. Erysipelas (Greek red skin; also known as "Ignis sacer", "holy fire", and "St. Anthony's fire" in some countries) is an acute streptococcus bacterial infection of the upper dermis and superficial lymphatics.

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6. 7.