Escolar Documentos
Profissional Documentos
Cultura Documentos
by
Dr. Bharat Lohani, Associate Professor, Department of Civil
Course Structure
Introduction to Geoinformatics Principles of Remote Sensing Concept of Image Formation Data Preprocessing Data Processing Image Classification Satellite orbits and Satellite information Introduction to LiDAR
References
Remote sensing and Image interpretation by Lillesand and Kiefer Principle of Remote Sensing by P J Curran Physical Principle of Remote sensing by W. E. Rees Lecture notes
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Measurement tools
Measurement tools
Primitive techniques:
Pacing, hands, guessing, rods Vedic age method of pacing Patwari measurement methods Human figure used mostly.
Measurement tools
Land surveying techniques:
Using chain and compass Using tape, chain, Theodolite etc. But cumbersome and cannot be done in inaccessible areas Substantial human dependence
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Measurement tools
Electronic Land surveying techniques:
Using EDMI and total station Now robotic total station Fast, accurate Difficult for inaccessible areas, as points need to be occupied
Measurement tools
Aerial photogrammetry:
Emerged during world war I and II Initial uses of pigeon with camera to spy on enemy terrain
Measurement tools
Aerial photogrammetry Using Balloons Aircraft based Single photograph for interpretation Stereo for 3D model generation and measurement
Measurement tools
Aerial photogrammetry
Analogue > Analytical > Digital photogrammetry Still we need to fly to collect the data every time Costly affair and may not be possible in bad weather.
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Measurement tools
Satellite remote sensing
Commercial remote sensing since 1972 From 600 km to 900 km altitude LANDSAT (80m Resoultion)
Measurement tools
Satellite remote sensing
To get a synoptic view of terrain regularly in several wave bands From km to m level spatial resolution
Measurement tools
Satellite remote sensing Used for both measurement and identification
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Measurement tools
Global positioning system (GPS)
An absolutely new concept to know ones location 24 earth orbiting satellites; Minimum 4 needed; position known in Geocentric coordinate system
Measurement tools
Global positioning system
Fast: less accurate:: Slow: very accurate Can be done everywhere where open sky is seen Thousands of applications: more being invented.
Management of Geoinformation
Requirement to store and retrieve information efficiently Requirement to present information Requirement to incorporate all information collected in
analysis to suit modern application The Management part i.e. GIS does it all !!!
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Examples of GIS
A model that uses all above data to locate sites on priority for rescue
analysis methods.
A GIS provides the platform for running the model andfor
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