Anthropology

Cultural evolution-the development of one or more cultures from simpler to

more complex forms. The subject may be viewed as a unilinear phenomenon that
describes the evolution of human behavior as a whole, or it may be viewed as a
multilinear phenomenon, in which case it describes the evolution of individual
cultures or societies (or of given parts of a culture or society).
Structural functionalism is a sociological paradigm which addresses what
social functions various elements of the social system perform in regard to the
entire system. Social structures are stressed and placed at the center of analysis,
and social functions are deduced from these structures.
Conflict theory is a social theory which emphasizes a person's or group's ability
to exercise influence and control over others, thereby affecting social order. It
posits that individuals and groups struggle to maximize their benefits, inevitably
contributing to social changes such as innovations in politics and outright
revolutions. Conflict theory examines class conflict, such as that between the
proletariat and bourgeoisie, and contrasts ideologies such as capitalism and
socialism. It proposes that continual struggles exist among all different aspects of
a particular society. These struggles do not always involve physical violence; they
can be underlying efforts by each group or individual within a society to maximize
its benefits.
Symbolic interactions are a major sociological perspective that is influential
in many areas of the discipline. It is particularly important in micro sociology and
social psychology.
International law the term "international law" can refer to three distinct legal
disciplines:
Public international law, which governs the relationship between states and
international organizations. it includes the following specific legal field such as the
law of treaty, law of sea, international criminal law and the international
humanitarian law.
Private international law, or conflict of laws, which addresses the questions of
(1) in which legal jurisdiction may a case be heard; and (2) the law concerning
which jurisdiction(s) apply to the issues in the case. Supranational law or the law
of supranational organizations, which concerns at present regional agreements
where the special distinguishing quality is that laws of nation states are held
inapplicable when conflicting with a supranational legal system.
The two traditional branches of the field are:
jus gentium — law of nations
jus inter gentes — agreements among nations.