Survey of the Climate Change Media Partnership Alumni: Impacts and Professional Networks

Erich J. Sommerfeldt, Ph.D. University of Maryland esommerf@umd.edu

April 16, 2013

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Social Network Survey of CCMP Fellows Starting in mid-March 2013, an online survey was sent to 184 alumni, trainers, and staff who had participated in the Climate Change Media Partnership (CCMP) fellowship program. The purpose of the survey was two-fold. First, the survey attempted to measure the extent to which CCMP fellows experienced intangible benefits in the form of new knowledge and professional connections and tangible benefits such as increased output on stories regarding issues of climate change. Secondly, the survey was designed to identify the structure of relationships among CCMP participantsthe professional relationships acquired as a result of their CCMP experience. The hope was to identify the extent to which CCMPs efforts has resulted in a global network of journalists dedicated to climate change. Measuring the success of these efforts was accomplished via research method known as social network analysis. What is social network analysis and why use it to study CCMP? Social network analysis (SNA) provides both a theoretical and methodological perspective for examining complex social structures and their activities. A social network is a group of actors (individuals, groups, or organizations) that are connected by some type of relationship (e.g., personal, professional, resource-based, advice-based). A SNA approach to research examines both the content and pattern of relationships in order to identify the impact of these relationships on the functioning of individual actors and the entire network. SNA helps to visually map and measure the structure of a network of actors to determine how relationships affect the ability of organizations and communities to be successful.

Summary of Results
77 respondents from more than 40 countries 44% gained more than 12 professional contacts 78% strongly agreed CCMP has been valuable to their career 94% strongly agreed or agreed CCMP has made them a better journalist 90% strongly agreed or agreed they are more aware about how to report on climate change 74% strongly agreed or agreed they write more stories on climate change because of CCMP Nearly 3,000 professional relationships created An average of 19 relationships per alum 206 relationships maintained by monthly communication 131 project partnership relationships 508 advice or information exchange relationships

An SNA study of CCMP fellows and staff is beneficial for three main reasons. First, it provides both a statistical measure and visual representation of the different types of relationships among CCMP alum. Second, a network approach affords the opportunity to identify leaders within those networks so that these individuals might be approached to spread information, or to be chosen as partners in

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future projects. Third, it provides a means by which different types of relationships (advice, project partnership, etc.) might be interrogated. Survey design The online survey included questions asking respondents to identify: Which CCMP programs they attended If the program met their expectations If the program had been useful to their career If the program had made them better journalists and more aware of climate change issues If the program had inspired them to write more stories on climate change How many professional contacts they gained as a result of their CCMP experience Concrete examples of how CCMP had helped them in their career or in affecting public policy Those individuals from CCMP events with whom they had interacted in the last year, and the nature of those interactions Those individuals from CCMP with whom they are working on a project Those individuals from CCMP from whom they gain valuable advice or information
The fellowship helped me make my stories more interesting for my audiences. It made me aware of new techniques I can use for radio reporting to enhance my story and how better to use the human perspective to tell the story. -Richelle Seton-Rogers (South Africa)

Survey respondents Of the 184 names to which the survey was sent, a total of 87 responded to the survey. However, 10 of those who responded did not completely answer the survey, resulting in a usable sample of 77 surveysa 42% response rate, which is above average for much survey research.

Survey respondents came from over 40 different nations and five continents. Countries with the greatest number of respondents included Bangladesh (n = 4),China (n = 4), India (n = 4), Indonesia (n = 9), and the United States (n = 6), although the sample also included respondents from nations such as Argentina, Bhutan, Brazil, Columbia, Ethiopia, Jamaica, Lebanon, Nepal, Nigeria, Pakistan, Qatar, Zimbabwe and more. Respondents were asked to name the CCMP Fellowship program(s) with which they had been involved. In chronological order, the number of respondents that attended each event is as follows: Bali (2007) = 17, Poznan (2008) = 19, Copenhagen (2009) = 35, Bangkok (2009) = 11, Barcelona (2009) = 2, Cancun (2010) = 33, Bonn (2010) = 10, Durban (2011) = 12, Doha (2012) = 5. Many of the respondents attended more than one of the CCMP events.

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Did the CCMP programs meet expectations? Respondents were asked to identify their feelings about the CCMP fellowship program, given their expectations. Forty-two (n = 42) respondents said their CCMP experience exceeded expectations, 34 said the program met expectations, and six responded that their experience was different than expected, but in a positive way. Not one respondent indicated the CCMP fellowship program failed to meet expectations. How many professional contacts did CCMP fellows gain? Respondents were also asked to answer how many useful professional contacts or connections they had made as a result of the CCMP fellowship program. Most said they gained more than 12 useful contacts (n = 34), followed by 4-6 contacts (n = 15), 7-9 contacts (n = 14), 10-12 contacts (n = 12), and 1-3 contacts (n = 8). Statistically speaking, there was a significantly positive relationship between how many CCMP programs respondents attended and how many contacts they had gained. Put another way, the more programs a fellow attended, the more contacts they gained. A significant goal of the CCMP fellowship programsto provide journalists the opportunity to expand their professional networkis being accomplished. What kinds of lasting impacts have CCMP generated? To determine what intangible and tangible impacts, if any, the CCMP fellowship programs had on respondents, a series of reflective questions were asked, the results of which are included in the figure below.
Figure 1. Impacts of CCMP programs 90.00% 80.00% 70.00% 60.00% 50.00% 40.00% 30.00% 20.00% 10.00% 0.00% Strongly Agree Agree Neutral Disagree Strongly Disagree I regularly use knowledge gained from CCMP

Over time, CCMP has been useful to my career CCMP has made me a better journalist I am more aware about how to report on climate change issues because of CCMP I have written more stories about Climate Change after CCMP

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As can been seen in the above figure, on all five reflective questions a large majority of respondents strongly agreed or agreed the CCMP programs had a positive impact on various aspects of their career. For example, in response to the question Over time, my experience in the CCMP program has been useful to my career, nearly 80 percent of respondents strongly agreed, indicating the CCMP program has had substantial impact on the success of alums. Similarly, when asked if their experience in the CCMP program had made them more aware about how to report on issues of climate change, nearly 60 percent strongly agreed, and 42 percent strongly agreed they have written more stories about climate change after their CCMP experience. The program appears to be generating strong intangible and tangible effects, like greater knowledge and awareness of climate change issues and how to report on them as well as increased numbers of stories published in various media. Concrete outcomes of CCMP
As a result of my CCMP experience, and meeting international journalists who are also covering climate change, I feel as though I'm part of a "team" of sorts, and that taken together, all of our stories from all across the world, provide a record of climate change.

To further demonstrate the impacts of the CCMP program, respondents were asked to provide concrete examples of how the CCMP program has been beneficial to their work and career. Several -Laura Paskus (United States) described how their experience with CCMP helped to establish them as a reputable climate change journalist noting the program provided them with enhanced skills and a certain level of prestige amongst their colleagues. One noted how CCMP was highlighted on his resume. Many talked about the stories they had published as a result of their CCMP fellowship. Often, these stories lead to greater opportunities, more commissions, awards, or promotions. As an example, Cecilia Rosen, a journalist from Buenos Aires, Argentina, said that because of her CCMP credentials she was hired by GLOBE Mexico, an organization that works on worldwide climate change legislation, as a press officer and policy analyst. Rosen mentioned that GLOBE helped to achieve the approval of the first national law on climate change in Mexico. The CCMP experience helped many to craft what they thought to be more interesting stories and provided them with the professional connections to gain information on other potential stories. The most frequent comment, however, was how CCMP assisted in networking with other journalists. A full list of the comments is included in the appendix. Participants were also asked to identify any concrete examples of how work resulting from their CCMP experience had an impact on public policy. Many admitted this was a difficult thing to gauge, as the link between journalism and policy change is not always clear. As such, there were few specific examples of how CCMP alums work directly affected government policy change. But many related stories about the indirect impacts of their work on government behavior. As one example, a journalist from Tanzania, Felix Mwakyembe, reported that his work forced the local government to issue a stop order on sand mining activities. Another alum from Bangladesh described how, after returning from the Copenhagen conference, a newly form Climate Change

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Journalist Association began to work closely with the Ministry for Environment and Forests. Several others, such as Sun Yu from Beijing, China, described how their work helped to raise awareness of an issue, which helped to eventually influence policy change. Michael Simire, a journalist in Nigeria, mentioned that because of his work he was invited by the government to provide input on a national climate change policy. Others similarly described how government takes into consideration media coverage and public opinion when designing new policy, and others pointed out specific cases wherein their work was included in government reports. A full list of the comments on this question is also included in the appendix. CCMPs professional network As mentioned above, the purpose of the SNA research was to identify the extent to which the CCMP programs had created a professional network of climate change journalists. To begin the SNA portion of the survey, respondents were asked to think about the people they met as a result of the CCMP experience. Then they were asked to identify, among the 184 names associated with the CCMP program, the individuals with which they had interacted in the past year. The results of this question provided data to create the network map of relationships among CCMP fellows, staff, and trainers. In sum, the CCMP program has created 2,921 ties. Put more simply, CCMP has resulted in nearly 3,000 unique relationships among those involved in the CCMP programs. The average number of relationships created by the CCMP fellowship programs was 19, with a total range of 1 to 82 relationships. The figure below is a graphic representation of the CCMP network with the nodes (survey respondents) colored by the continent in which they live and workan impressive visualization of the interconnectedness resulting from the CCMP experience.

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Figure 2. CCMP professional network

Note: Africa = red, Middle East = yellow, Asia = blue, Europe = black, North America = turquoise, South America = pink, Unknown (did not respond to survey) = gray.

One piece of insight that can be drawn about the constitution of the CCMP network from this admittedly complex graph is the loosely clustered connections among respondents from Africa, which mainly dominate the upper left part of the graph, and connections among respondents from Asia, which comprise most of the bottom right part Now, here in Bangladesh, especially the of the graph. This suggests a loose cluster of individuals Journalist community calls me a climate from the same continenta representation of CCMPs change journalist. Mainly CCMP ability to bring together those from the similar fellowship contributed this identity for me. geographic areas of the world and form relevant -Aburush Md. Ruhul Amin (Bangladesh) professional connections. To further unpack the nature of the relationships established by the CCMP programs, a series of follow up questions were asked. First, respondents were asked to indicate the primary form of communication they used to interact with each individual they identified. As seen in the figure below, email, Facebook, and EJN platforms (website/listserv) were the primary means by which CCMP fellows kept in contact.

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Figure 3. Modes of communication 16.00% 14.00% 12.00% 10.00% 8.00% 6.00% 4.00% 2.00% 0.00% Email Phone Facebook Twitter EJN Platform Other

While email is the predominant method of communication among CCMP alum, many still keep in contact with one another via EJN communication platforms. An imminent redesign of the EJN website, which takes into account the specific communication and information needs of EJN and CCMP journalists, may help increase its relative popularity as a communication vehicle. A measure of the success of a networking and training program such as CCMP is not only how many contacts created by the fellowship, but also by the frequency of communication in such relationships and how long these professional contacts were maintained. The figure below shows that nearly a quarter of the relationships established in the CCMP program are ongoing, indicating a healthy and robust network.
Figure 4. Length of professional relationship 30.0% 25.0% 20.0% 15.0% 10.0% 5.0% 0.0% Still in contact A few days A few weeks A few months About a year More than a year

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In the interest of identifying which individuals among the CCMP fellows are frequently communicating, additional networks were generated based on weekly and monthly interaction. Figure 5 is a network representation of those individuals who interact on a weekly basis.
Figure 5. Weekly interaction among CCMP fellows/staff

Note: Africa = red, Middle East = yellow, Asia = blue, Europe = black, North America = turquoise, South America = pink, Unknown (did not respond to survey) = gray.

Once again, the nodes are colored by the continent in which they live and work. The nodes are also size by what is called in degree centrality, or the number of incoming ties an actor receives from others. In this network EJN executive director James Fahn received the greatest number of incoming ties, suggesting that Fahn interacts regularly with many CCMP alums and staff. Note the interaction among nodes from different continents, suggesting that while contact is maintained among journalists from the same continent, connections among those from different regions of the world are also ongoing.

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Figure 6. Monthly interaction among CCMP fellows/staff

Note: Africa = red, Middle East = yellow, Asia = blue, Europe = black, North America = turquoise, South America = pink, Unknown (did not respond to survey) = gray.

The monthly interaction network, represented in the graph above, is far more complex than the weekly interaction network as it is comprised by many more relationships. Indeed, there are 206 ties in this graphmeaning there are more than 206 relationships that experience communication on a least a monthly basis. Central to this network are, again, EJN executive director James Fahn, but also individuals such as EJN trainer Joydeep Gupta, and CCMP alums Imelda Abano and Navin Khadka. Given their communication habits and number of incoming ties, individuals who engage in extensive communication should be considered for future partnerships or to assist in additional network development. Survey respondents were also asked to identify the primary purpose of communication with each individual. Just over 18% of the relationships can be characterized by an exchange of professional information, 11.6% percent of the relationships were of a mixed personal/professional nature, 1.1% of the relationships are to gain advice, and 1.4% are primarily of a personal nature. That respondents are primarily communicating for professional reasons, along with the occasional personal interaction, is yet another indicator of a vibrant network. Partnering on a project Respondents also indicated which individuals, if any, they were partnering on a project. The data gained from this question helped to construct the network represented in the figure belowa

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network comprised by 131 ties. That is, 131 unique relationships CCMP helped to established that have resulted in project partnerships.
Figure 7. Project partnerships among survey respondents

The colors of the nodes in the above graph were assigned by a hierarchical clustering techniquerepresenting groups of individuals who are likely working on similar projects together. While EJN staff members and CCMP trainers like James Fahn, Joydeep Gupta and Alex Kirby are central to this network, many CCMP alums are working together independently on shared projects. For example, Indi Mclymont Lafayette, a journalist working for Panos in the Caribbean, is partnering with several others from Jamaica on a shared project. Valuable advice or information

The training was the first I got in my career as an environmental journalist, and has helped me make award winning stories. I won the UNFCCC Africa radio contest in 2011and got recognized by UNDP/Lagos state government for outstanding performance in Environmental reporting in Nigeria.. It's been an amazing journey, since CCMP gave me the desperately needed foundation. -Ugochi Anyeki (Nigeria)

A significant goal of the CCMP program was to create a network of journalists who support one another in their work on climate change. Such support often takes the form of sharing information or advice. With this goal in mind, respondents were asked to identify those individuals from whom they receive valuable advice or information. From this question, a network comprised by 508 ties was generated.

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Figure 8. Network of valuable advice or information

Note: Africa = red, Middle East = yellow, Asia = blue, Europe = black, North America = turquoise, South America = pink, Unknown (did not respond to survey) = gray.

Beyond the EJN and CCMP leaders, we see a number of CCMP alum who are serving as valuable information providers to the network, such as Gustavo Faleiros from O Eco in Brazil (a partner organization of EJN), Rina Saeed Khan, a newspaper reporter located in Islamabad, and Navin Khadka, a journalist with the BBC. Advice leaders in the EJN network are located around the world and serve an equally geographically diverse range of CCMP alums. Summary and recommendations In sum, the results of the SNA survey suggest a robust network of individualsa network that can be characterized by relatively frequent communication, advice-giving, and project partnerships. The sheer number of relationships established by the CCMP programs is but one measure of its success. That so many of these relationships are maintained by frequent communication is another indicator of the strength of the professional network created by CCMP, as well as the number of project partnerships resulting from CCMPa tangible outcome of its efforts. Currently, many of the most central positions in the various networks studied were occupied by CCMP and EJN staff. To some extent, this is to be expectedas leaders of and trainers in the CCMP programs, such staff will be looked to for professional advice. This is not necessarily a

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sign of weakness in the network. But to further strengthen the independence of this network of journalists, attention should be paid to individuals outside the leadership circle of CCMP/EJN to develop their skills and connections, so that such individuals can continue to connect journalists together beyond the immediate relational reach of CCMP/EJN staff. The graph below helps to further demonstrate this concept.

The nodes in the above graph (individuals) are sized by what is known as betweenness centrality. Put more simply, these are the nodes that help hold together different and diverse parts of the network. As can be seen, several CCMP and EJN staff members like James Fahn, Joydeep Gupta, and Mike Shanahan, hold positions high in betweenness centralitythey are in contact with people from different parts of the network. But others, such as Navin Khadka, Imelda Abano, Harold Williams and Miguelangel de Alba are also in contact with a diverse range of individuals. It is recommended that these individuals, and others like them, are used as ambassadors to spread information and advice to different parts of the network, further strengthening connections among individuals so that reliance on EJN and CCMP staff is lessened. It is notoriously difficult to make meaningful comparisons across different networks. Most network studies are performed on a particular set of actors in a unique setting, thus the comparison of different networks is much like comparing apples and oranges. That said, in considering the response rate, the numbers of ties generated, the frequency of communication all the factors displayed in the different measures gatheredthe connections among CCMP alum appear to demonstrate the characteristics of a strong, relatively well-connected network. If performed regularly, longitudinal work could help to determine and confirm the long-term

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stability of the network, the emergence of new, important actors, and the necessary steps CCMP should take to ensure the network survives well into the future.

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Appendix Selected Responses from Open-Ended Questions Can you think of any concrete examples of how CCMP has helped you in your work or advanced in your career? If so, please share it with us: 1. My CCCMP experience is one of the things highlighted in my CV, because it not only gave me a lot of prestige as a journalist, but it also helped me to develop new ways of reporting climate change. Being part of the UN meeting and know so many experienced journalists also give me a new perspective of all the insights around climate changes politics and policy. 2. Now, here in Bangladesh, especially the Journalist community calls me a climate change journalist. Mainly CCMP fellowship contributed this identity for me. 3. CCMP fellowship helped me to understand whole gamut of climate change issue as well as climate politics. It has ensured my access to all relating studies, scientific findings and created immense scope to be introduced with peers. It's a great experience. 4. As a former CCMP fellow I have selected as panelist of UNDP Media Development Fellowship Program 5. The fellowship helped me meet a lot of people in the field, and watch how international journalists work. James was my guide and I learnt a lot from him. This has helped me grow more confident in my work, and although I switched to Public Relations, my experience with CCMP helped me get ahead as a journalist, which enabled me to work elsewhere. 6. It was an important experience as a journalist because it was my first media coverage abroad in a foreign language. Working with James, Jeff and Mike was very productive and they teach me a lot of things about how to cover better climate change issues. One example was the opportunity to meet journalists from all over the world and after exchange information with them every time that I need some data about climate change. 7. For many times I was the only journalist from the local media to report directly from the UN conferences, which helped me to get more attention and to gain more reputation as an environment/food journalist. 8. Provide first-hand international conference interview experiences, and training opportunities, knowledge sharing, as well as networking. 9. My trip to Copenhagen Climate conference is sponsored by CCMP fellowship, which enables me to write a cover story on climate change for my newspaper, the first ever cover story on climate change. Since then I became deeply involved in climate change reporting. 10. After my coverage of Durban 2011 for Semana, Colombias main current events weekly, I received several proposals to write about environment and climate change in other media. I also was assigned to write a long reportage about deforestation in the Brazilian amazon. 11. Being in the negotiations allowed me to have direct contact with several experts and negotiators. After that I receive a lot of information from different sources that allows me to be up the grade of what is happening in the topic. 12. CCMP become an eye opener to my career as an environmental Journalist as now I am

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able to communicate climate change issues in a simple language which is clear to all levels. Also CCMP make me stronger and brave to compete in other environmental awards. 13. After CCMP, I joined Oxfam to support its climate change program in Ethiopia. I am now working with Food and Agriculture Organization - FAO as communications officer mainly due to the exposure I got from CCMP. It also gave me a chance to study climate change journalism in Denmark. I can't and will not forget CCMP - it has really changed my life in a number of ways. 14. It helps me to participate in the national climate change forum and other international events. Media organizations also invited me to comment on Climate Change issues. It also helped me to share my experience in different training and discussion forums with fellow journalists. 15. Am better networked especially with the science community and opened to more publications and other resources as a result 16. CCMP program helps me gain more knowledge about environment subject, especially CC issues. It also improve my group working skills, help me more confident in working with international experts, journalists; more eager to find new issues, strange angles for the same subjects; and especially inspire the need of covering environment issues to many others, both colleagues and friends working in related areas. 17. The experience enlarged my sources for reporting on climate change. Because of my contacts within CCMP I could write one of the most important stories of my career -the report on CoP_15 after it ended. 18. CCMP fellowship helped me get noticed by several media organizations. These include Panos London, Womens news network and others. 19. My documentary title Orang Laut (Sea Man) won Mochtar Lubis Award 2011 the most prestigious journalism award in Indonesia. Sea Man, story about Bajo tribe, who lives in ocean. How the climate change impact their lives, economic and culture 20. It helps to expand my networking with other journalists around the world on the subject. It also helps me to get information or news on the stories others have related to environment or climate change issues through the networking. 21. I have better understanding about climate change and after that I was invited by some organizations as participant or resource person. 22. It has helped me in providing a deeper understanding of international communications processes and politics, UN negotiations, and the role of international organizations or multinational corporations in climate change negotiations. 23. CCMP has helped me in my career even after the program had ended, through the many contacts -- experts and journalists -- that keep coming my way as well as latest information on the issue. 24. It has helped to build my reputation in the Caribbean as one of the leading Journalists and communications professionals in climate change communication. 25. Because of my experience and determination in the programme, I was selected as a mentee in the Sjcoop mentee programme of the World Federation of Science Journalists (WFSJ). I successfully graduated with honours in October 2012, and in 2011, I was elevated to position of Science/news editor 26. After the Poznan summit, I realized a consultancy work on Madagascar NAPA for Panos Institute Southern Africa. Then I did a consultancy work on climate change for

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WWF Madagascar and Western Indian Ocean. Since 2009, I have been conducting a PhD research in sociology on climate change. The work is titled "Social Dimensions of Climate Change in the Upper Basin of Mangoro River, Madagascar". I expect to complete and defend my thesis this year. I'm to attend a regional meeting of journalists treating environment and climate change issues that will be held in Kampala Uganda on April 23-26. 27. I find it very easy to find information on climate change because I am well connected to sources both local and international. Working with Mike Shanahan as my editor I learnt a lot about how to make environmental stories interesting. I use the skills even when I am assigned to do other stories. 28. It really did help at the time when I was freelance reporting full time. I got more commissions, did many (and better) stories on climate change and was able to give input to stakeholders and organizations. In my current work which focuses more on PR, CCMP is still extremely useful in securing clients and informing clients about the linkages between their fields and the daily working environment of journalists. 29. The training was the 1st I got in my career as an environmental journalist, and has helped me make award winning stories. I won the UNFCCC Africa radio contest in 2011, UNEP YEJA in 2012, and got recognized by UNDP/Lagos state government for outstanding performance in Environmental reporting in Nigeria. The CCMP team, especially Mike Shanahan, encouraged me to begin a blog, the 1st eco blog in Nigeria. It's been an amazing journey, since CCMP gave me the desperately needed foundation. 30. My fellowship with the CCMP has increased my knowledge of climate change and taught me how to seek new portals of information about the science of climate change and its impacts. Through the CCMP and its partners I have evolved into a state where I feel part of a global community of environmental journalists. 31. The fellowship helped me make my stories more interesting for my audiences. It made me aware of new techniques I can use for radio reporting to enhance my story and how better to use the human perspective to tell the story. 32. CCMP has made me a better writer of climate change stories. This is not only in terms of reporting skills but also in knowledge. After the Durban meeting I continued to write stories on climate change and the improved quality of my stories made the University of Dar es Salaam appointed me to be a committee member of the University's Climate Change Research, Education and Outreach Programme. The appointment was made in March 2012 by the Vice Chancellor (Academics). In August 2012, the Sokoine University of Agriculture contacted me to prepare a manual for dissemination of information of climate change adaptation in the agriculture sector. I successfully wrote this manual and handed to them for final editing and printing. The job was part of a Rockefeller Foundation project for the university. These are two examples which show proof of advancement in my career due to CCMP 33. Practically, the fellowship indicated that a serious group of professional journalists were willing to spend money, time and resources on giving me an opportunity to be one of the few witnesses reporting the progress of what should be the formation of the most important international treaty in progress. That credential inspired confidence in publishers that became employers after I sought work with them. 34. As a result of my CCMP experience, and meeting international journalists who are also covering climate change, I feel as though I'm part of a "team" of sorts, and that taken

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together, all of our stories from all across the world, provide a record of climate change. 35. I got a lot of new knowledge about adaptation and green technology. And based on these understandings, I found out new ideas for my story. When I wrote local issues, I tried to connect with international perspective and in the contrary. Can you think of any concrete examples of how your CCMP experience has had an impact on public policy or behavior? If so, please share it with us. 1. Thanks (in part) to my CCMP experience I was hired by GLOBE Mexico (an organization working with climate change legislation worldwide) and worked with them for 10 months as press officer and policy analyst. GLOBE promoted and achieved the approval of the first national law on climate change in Mexico. 2. After returning from Copenhagen conference, we've formed a Climate Change Journalist's Association. It works closely with the ministry for Environment and Forest of Bangladesh and very active in this field. 3. Yes. Our government has formulated more than dozens law to protect the nature and check environmental degradation and climate change. The government takes the media on board when it goes for taking any decision on environmental issues, forest, water, biodiversity and other aspects of nature. 4. Nothing on public policy, but people that read my articles after my experience in CCMP told me that they start to care more about the environment and the climate change impacts. 5. More people in China have been more aware of the issue. 6. As a journalism instructor I am currently working on a project with German foundation Friederich Ebert (http://www.fes.de/) to train journalist all over Latin America on covering environment and climate change. Workshops have already taken place in Ecuador and Peru. This year, up-coming workshops will take place in Colombia, Bolivia, Argentina and Central America. One of the topics of the workshop is on how to cover COPs, based on my experience as a CCMP fellow. 7. After attending COP 15, Copenhagen 2009, through the sponsorship of CCMP and right stories and send to my organization TBC, from that time climate change stories are given priority 8. If journalists are equipped with the right knowledge and skills on how to use the media for policy advocacy, they can influence public policy at all levels. There is no strong advocacy tool like the media. As to myself other CCMP fellows from Ethiopia, I have seen that we have been hugely involved during the draft policy legislation of Ethiopia's CRGE (Clean Green Economy policy of Ethiopia). Although we were not direct actors in the legislation process. we have influenced, the enactment process through articles, news stories and sometimes by attending meetings with policy makers etc. 9. I did two national level investigative reports related with climate change and following my reports government react and the discussion become public. 1-The leasing out of national forest reserve for an Indian company for commercial agriculture (Land grabbing) in Gambella region of Ethiopia. 2-The construction of huge hydro-electric dam impact on local ecology and communities. In both reports government react and tried to avoid the disaster. 10. My work was cited in the Coastal Area Climate Education Workshops given to the

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Tampa City Council and Hillsborough County Planning Commission. Because of the political climate in Florida little action has been taken. 11. In terms of policy not yet but with behavior I will say am increasingly adding to public understanding and discussion of climate change issues and the linkages to various human activities 12. I got more chance to talk with policy-makers on coping with CC; change their behaviors as well as their thoughts in sharing news with journalists. Besides, based on my knowledge gained through CCMP programs, I have translated several books on relations between CC and international trade regulations which are used as references for policy-makers in correcting related laws. 13. This is quite difficult to measure. But I'm writing more and more on cc policies in Brazil. That certainly has some effects on the public policies. 14. The addition of perspectives on climate negotiations from other developing countries to my reportage has had effects on climate negotiators from India. 15. I have received positive comments from readers on my stories appearing for Yahoo! Indonesia saying this is their first time reading about UNFCCC conferences and how it would affect Indonesia or their lives. 16. Well, the interactions at and through CCMP certainly encouraged me that the direction we wanted to go with what's now become Bumi HIjau TV were worth the effort. I always knew it was an important thing to push for, but you often wonder in these situations if youre beating a dead horse... However, with the feedback we receive from viewers now, we know it's worth it. And yes, CCMP has had an impact on that as confirmation that there are others around the world working on these issues. I think it's also salient to point out that while what we are doing is not at all passive, we're not being as confrontational as we could be primarily because we aren't local. But I think that's okay as there are plenty of hard core journalists and activists out there carrying that torch for their country. 17. With more stories on the paper, more people, including policymakers, will read and develop awareness and understanding on the issue, something that they may apply in their homes and workplaces. 18. Our reporting has helped to keep the negotiating team that goes to the COP each year accountable by asking for an annual debriefing and press conference. Initially when I started going to the COP's the government delegation would not do a press conference or public debriefing but in January this year the annual debriefing and press conference was officially adopted by Jamaica's Ministry of Climate Change. 19. Between the book and my reporting, policymakers have stood up and taken notice. There is an ongoing PR campaign on climate change, for example, as well as moves to set up a Climate Change Department. My book has won the commendation of the Minister of Water, Environment and Climate Change Robert Pickersgill. 20. I think my repeated news and analytical articles for the past three consecutive years had a great impact and our state government ultimately came up with a State Action Plan on Climate Change (SAPCC) which seeks to cope with the climate change through adaptation and mitigation. 21. I am able to ask better questions and even interrogate policy, thus I am able to write stories that influence action, e.g. supply of water to those without. 22. Because I write a lot on issues to do with climate change this had helped to publicize

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climate change effects and a notable impact would be the decision by the current government to establish a ministry on climate change 23. It has informed research reports I have done in Namibia and stakeholder sessions and consequently policy with UNDP, department of environmental affairs, Environmental investment fund and Ministry of agriculture. 24. My articles on various aspects of climate changes brought about improved national awareness on the phenomenon, lending pressure on state governments and the Federal Government to do more. For example, my consistency ensured that Government prepared a National Climate Change Policy, in respect of which I was even invited to make an input during the preparation stages. 25. My radio programme "Green Angle", has enlightened the public, most especially the grassroots, on the need to take care of our environment. My stories, has supported the campaign for a commission to focus on climate change in Nigeria. The bill was signed by both houses of assembly, and is awaiting presidential assent. The blog has been successful is keeping the urban/IT savvy Nigerian young ones informed on climate change issues the opportunities in finding a solution to our climate crises 26. Yes, I have been the part of some of the policy making process and also given my inputs on different perspectives. While I have been regularly delivering lectures on Climate Change Negotiations at Conference of Parties (COP) and way of presenting country case on different foras including how to write and manage stories during COP Proceedings. What would be important in one's country's scenarios? 27. I have written extensively about the government's National Climate Change Policy when it was in its nascent stage and I believe my writings/criticism has had an impact on the final policy document that was recently released and further debate about its implementation. 28. I was among the first reporters who strived to connect the devastating Cagayan de Oro flooding caused by typhoon Sendong (local name) in Sept 2012 with both climate change and illegal logging activities. I was the first one to seek information on actual logging activities in the area from the Forest Management Bureau. I then correlated the disaster with the logging concessions at the adjacent province, and soon after my stories, the Department of Environment and Natural Resources had advised their regional personnel in Cagayan de Oro to accompany military contingents sent to the adjacent province (it is part of the Mindanao's autonomous region) to investigate the logging activities there for apparent violation of the total log ban. 29. PNEJ signed a partnership with the Philippine govt through the Philippine President in communications on climate changes issues 30. When returning from the COP in Poznan and Copenhagen, policy makers were able to appreciate the breadth of the negotiations through the images we displayed on the TV news. This I can confidently say has influenced policy makers and the president to back the work of the Environment Protection Agency and to establish a National Climate Change Secretariat. 31. 1. My articles, for instance, one on environmental degradation in Rungwe district in Mbeya Region, located in South West Tanzania forced the government to issue a stop order on sand mining activities. 2. My knowledge on environment/climate change influences the regional authority here, last year, and appointed me as a member of in Mbeya Regional Tourist Committee.

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32. This is difficult for me to measure, but I strongly suspect very little. Corporate news is simply too big and loud to be opposed in a way that redirects corporate policy from the currently tiny corners of Internet media where I operate. 33. Climate change reporting in the primary source of news for Native Americans in the US and Alaska led to increased awareness among tribes, and programs that partner with tribes that continue to grow across the nation. 34. Cameroon was one of the last countries to ratify the Copenhagen Accord. I am exactly sure if it was deliberate or out of laziness. But when I wrote an article about the dangers of Cameroon missing out on funding, the government moved fast to ratify the Accord.