O2 vs. O2 uptake -when you exercise, your mixed venous content goes down.

During exercise, the mixed venous content falls b/c you are shutning blood away from splanchnic bed and kidenys and sending it to exercising muscles. -If I put a cathether into SVC (sup vena cava) and IVC, and you extract blood, which has the most O2. IVCb/c it is coming from body and 25% of the body blood flow is going to kidney, which doesnt extract that much O2. -the other thing that happens is that the arterial capcaity goes up b/c the muscle swells A-V O2 Difference -w/exercise, the muscle can extract 80-85% BC concentration rises during exercise -you lose fluid during exercise so you are much morehemoconcetrated at the end The norma acute blood pressure response to exdercise [note the slide doesnt say blood pressure buti need to add that in] 1- PVR falls bc you are vasodilating the the vessels in the muscles. What controls vasodilation? local factors. The release of adensonine and other things go into interstitial fluid and causes vasodilationat -the periperhal resistance falls despite the fact that there is vasoconstriction in non exercising tissue. So sytpical pressure goes up. Generally, diastolic pressure goes down but it may not Graph -their bp goes up- both systolic and diastolic when they exercise w/arms and legs Why does SBP go up 1- suppose I want to water tomatoes in far part of garden and I have to get water to those tomatoes but the hose isnt long enough?I have 2 choises= 1- can turn up the hose = flow or 2) can put thumb over the end of the hose = resistance. Pressure = flow x reesistance CO is increasing which increases flow but resistance decreaseing but CO prevails so you get increase in bp -a fall in bp during exercise means that there is a leveling or a fall in CO -CO should go up progressively untl you reach the peak. So if I see someone w/angina or chest dismcofort and you put them on treadmill and bp goes up goes up goes and then all of a sudden it falls, I know that they have a decrease in CO. why?I know they have angina so it is likely that they are having ischemia resulting in a decreae in heart muscle function -suppose I have someone w/aortic stenosis. The person exercises. The vasodilationat in leg muscles is due to local factors. So if I have aortic stenosis, that will limit my CO. ultimately, it will eliminate the increase in SV that should occur when exercising. The heart cant control what is going on in the skeletal musc b/c it is under local control. So I am running, my legs are vasoldiatling, my aortic stenosis is not letting the SV go up and bp falls. Normal cuate response to exercise -there is also increased myocardial O2 demand what happens to myocardial O2 demand? -weith that the heart is living systolic bp. This is what ht eventricl is lfting everytime it contracts. Why do patients w/high bp get thick myocardium??b/c the ventricle is lifting more weight

-myocardial O2 demand = SBP (the weight the heart is lifting) x HR (the amnt of times it has to lift the wt) x ejection time (how long it has to hold the contraction) -b.c HR and ejectin time are so closely related, we generally measure the double productsbp x hr and the most important determinant in this is the HR Acute Cardiovasc Response to Exercise Summary 1- highly reproduciable. VO2 max goes down 10% each decade, it is lower in women 3- indidivudla differences in exercise capacity = indidial differences in VO2 max 4- the double product 5- remember when we talked about HR and bp are related linearly to how much stress that represents for the individual. So how much stress is put on the heart dependson how fit that person is.

The Effects of Exercise Training Terms to Describe Physical Training -when we tlak about training we talk about the frequency of training, the intensity of the training (which depends on the individuals maximum capacity), and the duration of the training (how much time or distance of the exercise) Adaptations fo Physical Training Summary 1- there is an increase in o2 max uptake w/training. That is due to increases in max SV and AV O2 dif - when you train, you make the heart develop a stronger SV over time, so your resting HR goes down - you can also train the body to have a better AV O2 dif. This wont be as big as a change as you make w/SV, but the body learns how to effectively shunt blood etc 2- b/c the maximum increased. So any submax workload requires less adrenailein and HR is lower. So if I could run a 5 min lmile before I started training and I got ot where ic ould run a 4.5 min mile, I am better. So running a 6 min mile has gotten easier- it requires less HR b/c my SV is better 3- CO remains constant at a specific VO2. Why?b/c CO is determined by how much O2 you need. Myocardial demand is reduced. Why?bc HR is lower, bp is lower 5- we wont deal w/the musc adapations today. But these musc adaptations prolong work capacity by reducing glycogen use and increasing fat consumption Graphs -