Escolar Documentos
Profissional Documentos
Cultura Documentos
EXERCISES
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Index
UNIT 1. FREEBOARD AND LOAD LINE MARK . ............................................................................................................................................................. 1
UNIT 2. DEADWEIGHT AND FREIGHT CARRYING CAPACITY . .................................................................................................................................. 3
UNIT 3. THEORETICAL MEAN DRAUGHT dH AND DRAUGHT MARKS ................................................................................................................. 4
UNIT 4. SHIP STABILITY ................................................................................................................................................................................................... 5
UNIT 5. FREE SURFACE EFFECT ..................................................................................................................................................................................... 6
UNIT 6. HULL STRENGTH . ................................................................................................................................................................................................ 7
UNIT 7. STEERING SYSTEM ............................................................................................................................................................................................ 9
UNIT 8. STEERING GEARS . .......................................................................................................................................................................................... 11
UNIT 9. RUDDERS ........................................................................................................................................................................................................... 13
UNIT 10. ANCHORING EQUIPMENT ............................................................................................................................................................................. 15
UNIT 11. MOORING WINCHES ...................................................................................................................................................................................... 17
UNIT 12. MOORING GUIDELINES ................................................................................................................................................................................. 19
UNIT 13. HATCH COVERS .............................................................................................................................................................................................. 21
UNIT 14. CARGO CRANES ............................................................................................................................................................................................. 23
UNIT 15. LIFEBOATS ....................................................................................................................................................................................................... 25
UNIT 16. LIFERAFTS ....................................................................................................................................................................................................... 27
UNIT 17. RESCUE BOATS . ............................................................................................................................................................................................. 29
UNIT 18. GLOBAL MARITIME DISTRESS SYSTEM . ................................................................................................................................................. 31
UNIT 19. PROPULSION SYSTEMS . .............................................................................................................................................................................. 32
UNIT 20. INTEGRATED PROPULSION SYSTEM ......................................................................................................................................................... 34
UNIT 21. DIESEL- ELECTRIC PROPULSION ............................................................................................................................................................... 36
UNIT 22. AZIMUTHING PROPULSORS . ....................................................................................................................................................................... 37
UNIT 23. PODDED PROPULSORS ................................................................................................................................................................................. 39
UNIT 24. VOITH-SCHNEIDER PROPELLER (VSP) ..................................................................................................................................................... 40
UNIT 26. DIESEL ENGINES ............................................................................................................................................................................................ 43
UNIT 27. CONSTRUCTION OF SLOW-SPEED ENGINE .............................................................................................................................................. 45
UNIT 28. FUEL OIL SYSTEMS ....................................................................................................................................................................................... 47
UNIT 29. FUEL OIL SEPARATION PROCESS . ............................................................................................................................................................ 49
UNIT 30. ALFA LAVAL FUEL CONDITIONING MODULE .......................................................................................................................................... 52
UNIT 31. FILTERS ............................................................................................................................................................................................................ 54
UNIT 32. COMMON-RAIL INJECTION SYSTEM OF SLOW-SPEED ENGINES ...................................................................................................... 56
UNIT 33. GARBAGE DISPOSAL . .................................................................................................................................................................................. 58
UNIT 34. BILGE WATER SYSTEM ................................................................................................................................................................................. 59
UNIT 35. OILY WATER SEPARATOR ............................................................................................................................................................................. 60
UNIT 36. TANK CLEANING IN PRODUCT TANKER .................................................................................................................................................... 62
UNIT 37. INERT GAS SYSTEMS . .................................................................................................................................................................................. 63
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Shell plating
Fender
Underwater part
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Photo J. Babicz
1 _______________________
2 _______________________
3 _______________________
4 _______________________
5 _______________________
5 _______________________
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A pivoting structure which acts as a control surface to direct a ships movement in a horizontal plane.
The shaft which connects the rudder blade to the steering gear.
A bearing which carries the whole weight of the rudder blade and the tiller.
The machinery which provides a movement of the rudder in response to a signal from the bridge.
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UNIT 9. RUDDERS
9.1 Find unknown terms and record them in your vocabulary notebook. Use your dictionary to check
the meaning.
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Photo J. Babicz
2 ________________
3 ________________
4 ________________
5 ________________
6 ________________
7 ________________
8 ________________
The fishtail rudder improves both the course keeping and the vessel control characteristics.
The semi-spade rudder is supported by a horn.
The cone coupling is used to fasten the rudder blade to the rudder stock.
Rudder blade sole should be rounded at the leading edge in order to avoid local cavitation and erosion.
Rotary steering gears have the rudder carrier integrated.
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9.4 Match the words with the correct definitions.
Flap rudder ___________________________________________________________________________
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Balanced rudder _ _____________________________________________________________________
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Twisted leading edge rudder - ____________________________________________________________
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Rudder angle indicator _________________________________________________________________
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A device used to indicate the actual position of the rudder blade to ships personnel and pilots in the wheelhouse, bridge wings and engine control room.
A rudder with a part of the blade surface put forward of the axis so the water pressure on this portion counterbalance that on the aft part.
A new type of spade rudder comprising a special asymmetrical section offset to port and starboard at the
leading edge.
A high-lift rudder with a pivoting flap installed on the blade trailing edge.
1. Rudderstock
2. Rudder horn
Photo J. Babicz
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2 _______________________
3 _______________________
4 _______________________
5 _______________________
6 _______________________
7 _______________________
8 _______________________
9 _______________________
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10.4 Fill the gaps with the correct words.
1.
2.
3.
4.
The mass of ______________ is not to be less than 60% of the total mass of the anchor.
______________required by rules is not designed to stop a ship which is moving or drifting.
Before releasing anchors, a check should be made that no ______________ is under the bow.
The ______________ shall be bolted down to a substantial foundation.
Windlass
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Chain stopper
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Photo J. Babicz
2 __________________
3 __________________
4 __________________
5 __________________
6 __________________
7 __________________
8 __________________
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11.4 Match the words with correct definitions.
Bollard _______________________________________________________________________________
Mooring and Towing Manual - ____________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________________
Shipboard fittings - _ ____________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________________
Supporting hull structure - _______________________________________________________________
A document with index and characteristics of machinery, equipment, shipboard fittings and ropes available
for mooring and towing.
Bollards and bitts, fairleads, rollers and chocks used for the normal mooring of the ship and similar components used for the normal towing of the ship.
A rectangular base upon which two vertical bitts are welded.
The hull structure supporting mooring equipment and fittings (capstans, winches, etc.) used for the normal
towing and mooring operations.
11.5 Vocabulary: mooring lines. Study definitions below and label lines in the sketch.
Breast lines Mooring lines leading ashore as perpendicular as possible to the ship fore and aft line.
Head lines Mooring lines leading ashore from the fore end of a ship.
Spring lines Mooring lines leading on a nearly fore and aft direction to prevent longitudinal movement:
headsprings prevent forward motion and backsprings - aft motion.
Stern lines Mooring lines leading ashore from the after end of a ship.
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Mooring fittings
1 ____________________
2 ____________________
4 ____________________
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3 ____________________
5 ____________________
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Mooring lines leading ashore as perpendicular as possible to the longitudinal centre line of the ship.
Ropes or wires used to secure a ship at a berth.
Mooring lines leading ashore from the fore end of a ship.
Mooring lines leading in a nearly fore and aft directions to prevent longitudinal
movement of the ship.
A light line attached to the end of a main mooring line and used to assist
in heaving the mooring to the shore.
12.5 Translate into your native language:
1. It is recommended to provide closed chocks, associated bollards and warping ends for a number of secondary lines equal to at least 50% of the ships primary mooring lines.
2. Mooring fittings require adequate clearance for routine operations, and winches have to be arranged to
provide an adequate fleet angle for the drum.
3. The minimum distance between a bollard and fairlead should be 1.8m in order to provide adequate space
for the application of rope stoppers.
4. The minimum distance from the drum to the fairlead should be approximately 19 times the drum width.
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The vessels two hatches are covered with pontoon-type steel hatch covers designed for
a maximum load of 1.75t/m2. The covers have a closed underside in accordance with grain cargo rules and
are fitted with stainless steel quick acting cleats. Covers are lifted and stacked by a gantry-type hatch cover
crane. The removable grain bulkheads are also handled by the hatch cover crane.
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13.2 Study the illustration and complete the following sentences:
1.
2.
3.
4.
The hydraulic cylinders for ______________ of hatch covers are located at the end of hatch coaming.
The trailing pair is operated by ______________ connected to bell crank arms at the sides of the covers.
The ______________ are designed to accept container stack loads up to 45t/40ft units.
Battening of all covers to the coaming is effected by manual ______________
Illustrations courtesy of
MacGREGOR
Intermediate hinge
Leading pair
Trailing pair
Bell crank
External hydraulic
cylinder for bell
crank
External
hydraulic
cylinder for
leading pair
Link for
end hinge
Multi-folding covers operated by external hydraulic cylinders and bell crank arms
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1
1
6
3
7
4
8
2 __________________
3 __________________
4 __________________
5 __________________
6 __________________
7 __________________
8 __________________
5
3
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Crane characteristics:
Lifting capacity, Max. working radius, Min. working radius, Hoisting speed, Luffing time, Slewing speed, Slewing
angle, Weight
14.3 Vocabulary: crane motions.
Hoisting Lifting the crane hook.
Luffing A term which denotes the movement of a crane jib or derrick boom to move up or down. I.e. Luff
up or Luff down.
Slewing Rotation about a vertical axis in a horizontal plane.
Hoisting, luffing and slewing motions are independent of each other. This means that at their maximum
capacity cranes can operate at full speed using all three movements at the same time.
Photo J. Babicz
Cylinder-luffing crane
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Davit-launched lifeboat
It is not allowed to drop the davit-launched lifeboat from the falls to the water, as when the lifeboat is dropped,
even from as little as one metre above the water, serious personal injuries and possible structural damage can
occur.
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Every cargo ship davit-launched liferaft shall be so arranged that it can be boarded by its full complement of
persons in not more than 3 min. from the time the instruction to board is given.
1 __________________
2 __________________
3 __________________
4 __________________
5 __________________
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16.3 Personal life-saving appliances. Choose the correct words or phrases and label the photos.
Lifebuoy, Lifebuoy with self-igniting light, Self-activating smoke signal, Lifejacket, Immersion suit, Thermal
protective aids, Anti-exposure suit
Photos J. Babicz
1 ____________________________________
4
3
2 ____________________________________
3 ____________________________________
4 ____________________________________
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
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4
5
Photo J. Babicz
1 _______________________
4 _______________________
2 _______________________
5 _______________________
3 _______________________
6 _______________________
17.2 Choose the correct words from the terms below and label the photo.
Davit-launched lifeboat, Rescue boat, Embarkation ladder, Rescue boat davit, Free-fall lifeboat, Lifebuoy,
Embarkation station
17.3 SOLAS requirements. Translate into your native language.
1. Rescue boat shall be stowed in state of continuous readiness for launching in not more than 5 min.,
in a position suitable for launching and recovery.
2. Recovery time of the rescue boat shall be not more than 5 min. in moderate sea conditions when loaded
with its full complement of persons and equipment.
3. Rescue boat embarkation and recovery arrangements shall allow for safe and efficient handling of
a stretcher case.
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17.4 Find logical ending for each of the sentences.
The rescue boat davit consists of a davit arm, column, winch _____________________________________
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Slewing out the manned rescue boat is realized _ ______________________________________________
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The slewing motion is actuated from within the rescue boat _____________________________________
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Lowering is realized by means of gravity. The lowering motion is __________________________________
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Recovery of the rescue boat with its crew is ___________________________________________________
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Hoisting can also be done manually _________________________________________________________
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weather forecasts and warnings, search and rescue notices and similar information to ships.
18.3 Translate into your native language:
1. The 406 MHz Emergency Position-Indicating Beacon (EPIRB) is an element of the GMDSS designed to operate with Cospas-Sarsat system.
2. EPIRBs are tracking transmitters which aid in the detection and location of ships, aircraft and people in
distress.
3. EPIRBs are designed to transmit to alert rescue coordination centers via the satellite system from anywhere
in the world.
4. Digital Selective Calling (DSC) is intended to initiate ship-to-ship, ship-to-shore and shore-to-ship radiotelephone and MF/HF radiotelex calls.
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5
4
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
Propeller shaft
Shaft Bearing
Intermediate shaft
Flange coupling
Shaft generator
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1 ____________________________________
2 _____________________________________
3 _____________________________________
4 _____________________________________
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2 __________________
3 __________________
5 __________________
6 __________________
7 __________________
4 __________________
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20.4 Study the photos below and find a logical ending for each of the beginnings.
Photos J. Babicz
1
4
3
2
5
1
4
Left-handed CP propeller
1. Blade, 2. Hub, also boss, 3. Boss cup, 4. Face, 5. Leading edge, 6. Trailing edge
1. A CP propeller consists of a hub with ________________________________________________________
2. Propellers of the CP-type have larger hub compared with FP propellers ____________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________________
3. If a ship is viewed from aft, the side of the propeller blades facing aft ______________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________________
4. A propeller is said to be right-handed if viewed from aft _________________________________________
5. The edge of the blade facing the flow of water _ _______________________________________________
6. The flow leaves the blade _ ________________________________________________________________
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21.3 Vocabulary
Frequency converter A device which adapts the voltage and frequency of the power supply to the electric motor as required for the desired motor speed.
21.4 Diesel- electric propulsion. Translate into your native language:
The principal elements of electric plant are the four main generators of 2400kW, the 690V main switchboard, 450V and 230V distribution switchboards, two Low Loss Concept (LLC) units in the switchboard
room, the frequency converters and a pair of 3500kW electric propulsion motors serving two Azipull propulsors, a bow tunnel thruster and a retractable azimuthing thruster. The LLC units provide a 12-pulse
system, low total harmonic distortion, a low short circuit level, and supply to the 450V switchboard.
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22.3 Main components of an azimuthing thruster. Read the unit and match the words in bold with numbers in the illustration below.
An azimuthing thruster shown below consists of the following main components:
1. Fixed pitch propeller in the nozzle.
2. Propeller gearbox containing a bevel gear set. This gear set, supported by bearings, transmits the power
from the vertical input shaft to the propeller shaft.
3. Upper gearbox also contains a bevel gear set. Power generated by the main engine is transferred from the
horizontal input shaft to the vertical shaft.
4. Stem section: this part of the thruster, which protrudes from the hull, is located between the upper gearbox and the propeller gearbox. In the stem section, all functions for rotating the thruster around its vertical
axis are incorporated, e.g. a steering gearbox and the steering angle feed-back unit.
5. Auxiliaries: these contain the power pack for the steering system and the lubrication.
6. Controls: these include the control cabinet, monitoring and alarms, and starters for the E-motors driving
the hydraulic pumps.
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2 ___________________________
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3 ___________________________
4 ___________________________
5 ___________________________
6 ___________________________
6
7 ___________________________
8 ___________________________
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23.3 Choose the correct words or phrases and label marked components:
Strut, Pulling propeller, Rotor, Stator, Propeller shaft
1 _____________
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2 _____________
3 _____________
4 _____________
5 _____________
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For high-speed vessels, water jets can be more efficient than propellers.
Unlike propellers, waterjets are installed on the transom.
Waterjets are usually fitted with thrust deflectors for steering, making rudders unnecessary.
A waterjet with an inlet diameter of 1300mm is selected for a ship design speed of around 40 knots at full
power.
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25.3 Choose the correct words or phrases and label marked components:
Duct, Hydraulic actuator, Steering nozzle, Reversing bucket, Stator housing, Shaft
Illustration courtesy of Rolls-Royce
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1 _______________________
2 _______________________
3 _______________________
4 _______________________
5 _______________________
6 _______________________
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1. Piston crown
2. Piston skirt
3. Piston rod
4. Crosshead
5.Crosshead bearing cap
6. Connecting rod
7. Big end
8. Crankpin bearing shell
9. Crankpin bearing cap
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26.2 Look at this picture and find a logical ending for each of the beginnings.
1.
2.
3.
4.
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1 __________________________
2 __________________________
3 __________________________
4 __________________________
9
3
5 __________________________
6 __________________________
7 __________________________
8 __________________________
4
9 __________________________
10 __________________________
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At the aft end of the ______________ there is a collar for the thrust bearing.
The ______________ is provided with bearing caps for crosshead and crankpin bearings.
The ______________ is provided with cast steel guide shoes.
A blocking device prevents the main engine from starting when the ______________ is engaged.
The ______________ consists of a piston and housing located forward of the foremost main bearing.
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A device which prevents crankcase oil from coming up into the scavenge air space.
A reciprocating block which usually slides in guides and connects the piston rod and the connecting rod.
The upper part of the piston exposed to hot gases in the combustion chamber.
A shaft which changes reciprocating motion of the piston into circular motion.
A component of slow-speed engines which relieves crankcase pressure and prevents flame from escaping from
the crankcase.
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seal
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3 ________________________
6 ________________________
5 ________________________
2 ________________________
4 ________________________
1 ________________________
9 ________________________
8 ________________________
7 ________________________
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Photos J. Babicz
1. Fuel conditioning is a system that treats heavy oil so that it meets the requirements for cleanliness, pressure, temperature, viscosity and flow rate.
2. The Alfa Laval FCM consists of components mounted on a frame, complete with piping, valves, electrical
cabling and other accessories.
3. A centrally placed cabinet contains starters for all motors and the control unit.
4. The module is a two-stage pressurized supply system that uses viscosity as the primary control parameter.
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30.3 Look at the flow diagram of the FCM on page 64 and complete the following sentences. Choose
the correct phrases from the list below:
Mixing tube, Automatic backflushing filter, Supply pumps, Circulation pumps, Heaters, Pump strainers, Viscosity sensor, Service tanks,
1. _______________________ store clean heavy fuel oil and diesel oil that is supplied to the three-way valve
by means of gravity.
2. _______________________ protect supply pumps by removing large particles from the fuel.
3. _______________________ supply oils to the high-pressure stage.
4. _______________________ cleans fuel by removing smaller particules.
5. _______________________ combines fresh fuel from the supply pump with hot fuel returning
from the engine.
6. _______________________ circulate heavy fuel oil to the engine and back to the mixing tube.
7. _______________________ raise the temperature of the fuel to the level required to achieve the correct
viscosity.
8. _______________________ measures fuel viscosity.
30.4 Find a logical ending for each of the beginnings.
1. Two-stage pressurized systems, such as the FCM, ______________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________________
2. Two-stage systems also reduce the occurrence of the other problems, _____________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________________
3. By introducing a supply stage with supply pumps and a closed pressurized mixing tube ________________
_______________________________________________________________________________________
4. Fuel is then circulated in the high-pressure stage to obtain _ _____________________________________
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The garbage handling room shall be located in the area where most of the waste is being generated.
Systems for waste disposal include compactors and baling presses, shredders and crushers.
These can reduce the volume of the waste by approx. 80%.
A system for dry solid waste could also include a shipboard incinerator for non-recyclable waste.
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Polisher
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35.3 Find a logical ending for each of the beginnings.
Emulsion is a mixture of oil and water, _______________________________________________________
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The 15ppm oil content monitor checks the water quality of the first stage separator and,______________
_______________________________________________________________________________________
An extra 3-way valve is installed in the overboard line _ _________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________________
to recirculate the water to the bilge tank.
if below 15ppm, the polisher is bypassed.
where small oil droplets are dispersed in the continuous water phase.
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62
and depends on the size of the machine and its pump pressure.
to clean tank of various chemical substances.
for accumulating sediments.
when the machine is gradually lowered (in stages or drops) down the tank.
5 feet above the bottom of the tank.
which are part of both fixed and portable machines.
Copyright: Katarzyna Babicz & Jan Babicz
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