uo+oypoqIo e(oquou: Paul Herrmann, +qeqovix xv+po +q British

Telecom, oyyIo.
uo+oypoqIo onio0quou: Richard Vogel/AP, epyoo+oio +q Nike, |ie+-
v.
Oi uo ou+ qo+oypoqIe qooieu0qxov o+o nepioix International
Socialism # 96 (2002).
To t/io zqAcqmvtx xvzpo-cpyoztxq pcovo-xooovto xtx/o-
opqce +ov Iotvq +ot 2003 ce i/tu uv+i+tu uo +qv exo+txq ou Kx-
xtvo Nqo. dev tpet copyright. O/u +u epteoevu opotv v uvuq-
octet0otv e/et0epu, uxou xut opi evetq +q poe/etcq +ot. Oo
ootuqo+e xepocxotxq euvexocq +ot q ootuqo+e upuoiqcq
+ot 0u u pet evv+tot.
T.O. 76149, T.K. 17110, NEA lMYPNH, AOHNA

E K E K . . . . . . . . .5
P . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .15
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .22
Call Centres. Inquiry. Communism . .39
4
behind the smile there is rage against the machine
behind the machine there is rage against the smile

E K E-
K
Mu evtuepet q upuyoytxq tutxuciu cuv evu opo
oot ot exe+u//etoevot o/ot +ot xocot ctvetpicxov+ut
xut eivut uvuyxucevot vu ctvtpotv.
1vu opo oot uv+t+i0ev+ut c+o xe/uto xut +o xp+o,
ot cuv 0tu+u [] u// exei
oot upyotv +ov /ot+o ut+ot +ot xocot
xut oot opotv ctveo pux+tx vu +ov u//otv.
[] H opyvocq +q exe+//etcq uv+txu+o+piet
+t cqeptve cecet eotciu, xut exei eivut ot 0u uctc+otv
ot veot uyove xut q t0uvq ut+oopyvocq +ot.
Kolinko, Call Centers Inquiry Communism
l+ov npiv on Iyo xoip oe vo eeu0epiox o+xi o+qv A0qvo yive io np+ooq
yio +q qioupyIo ouoyixo+q+ov evv+io o+i ve opq exe+euoq, xnoi-
oi on o +o ov+ie+onioov oov euxoipIo yio vo npoo0qoouv io vou +unou ou-
o+qo+ixq ouei nvo o+o q+qo +q io0o+q epyooIo. l+o o q+ov vo
e+o+ponouv oi yevixoye noi+ix xoivo+onIe nou ouvov+ xoveI ouv oo
o+ov ov+ie(ouoioo+ix opo oe 0eopq+ixq-npox+ixq poo+qpi+q+o e ouyxexpi-
vo nepieevo. l+o noIoio ou+q +q npoon0eio, xoi enqpeoovoi on +qv
npoqo+q ouvepyooIo o e oe on +q yepovIo xoi +qv i+oIo, npo+eIvoe
+o (exIvqo io epyu+txq epetvu, q onoIo 0o npoono0ouoe vo ev+onIoei +qv
npoyo+ixq ouv0eoq +q epyo+ixq +(q oqepo, vo epeuvqoei +i npox+ix u-
vo++q+e nou ni0ovv vo npoxun+ouv on ou+q +q ouv0eoq, xoi vo e+o+pqei
+qv einq yvooq o oe ooq e +i ouv0qxe epyooIo oe io nqpo+epq eixvo
+ou +t ov+ie+onIoue xoi +ou o npoono0oue qq v ov+io+o0oue oe ou+.
lno xoi oe io noi+epq npoon0eio o, q np+ooq o neoe o+o xev. io
o/t+txot you (eIvoi yvoo+ +i q neioqqqIo +ou opio+epou xoi ovopixou
opou o+qv eo evioqpe+oi xupIo yio +qv pouyvtcq teov q/xoi +ov
ux+ttco) ev unqpe q i0eoq yio io ++oio ouo+qo+ixq ouei xoi +oi q ep-
yo+ixq peuvo eive yio io oxq qop o+o oq+q+o. Apxe+q ev+unooq o xo-
ve +o yeyov +i nooI on ou+ou nou xouoov +qv np+ooq o o ov+ie+o-
nioov o+qv xou+epq nepIn+ooq oov ovopovio+ epyo+io+ xoi o+q eip+epq
oov exxoon+evou xoivovioyou.
5
To q+qo ev eIvoi vo pIvoue eu0uve xoi oqqpqve xpi+ix eo xoi
exeI. lnoio ovoyvopIei +ov eou+ +ou o npoe+pio xoi ouveno ov+ie+onIei
ov+oyovio+ix +ov unpov+o xoo +ou xeqooIou xoi +ou xp+ou +ou, oqeIei
vo |pei xoi +ou xou+epou +pnou yio vo exqpoei ou+qv +qv ovo+pen+ix+q+o.
io o, q epyo+ixq peuvo nopovei io 0oo nou eni+pnei +q ouo+qo+ixq
iepeuvqoq +ov ouv0qxov exe+euoq xoi +ov ono+eeoo+ix+epov +pnov
ov+Io+ooq, xo0o xoi +qv +oo onopoI+q+q xtx/oopiu +ov xu0qeptvov u ct-
yxpotceov c+o +utxo e+oo. Au+ nou 0oue vo eI(oue e +qv nopouoo x-
ooq eIvoi +i ev eIoo+e oi voi nou nio+euoue x+i ++oio.
H io +q epyo+ixq peuvo o nou +ou npoe+opi+ou evv+io o+qv xoni+oi-
o+ixq ouv0qxq (exivei on nou noi. O Mop( q+ov on +ou npo+ou nou oxI-
ooov, oo on +q ouo+qo+ixq ovuoq +ov eovov +q ovonopoyoyq +q
xoni+oio+ixq ooq, vo q+oouv oe xnoio ounepoo+o yio +qv ono+eeoo-
+ix+epq poq +ov npoe+piov evv+io o+o xeqoio. u+ivov+o +o 1880 vo
epo+qo+oyio nou oneu0uv+ov o+ou you epy+e, o Mop( o+eue oe io
epetvu vo c+u yeyovo+u xut +u eyx/qu+u +q xut+u/tc+txq exe+//et-
cq |ooiovq o+qv eneipIo +ov Iiov +ov epyo+ov, oi onoIoi xo+oo|oIvouv +i
ovo ut+oi, xut ot +io+u /t+po+e c+u/evot uo +q 0eiu povotu, opotv vu
eupocotv +u ytu+ptx ot 0u 0epuetcotv +u xotvovtx etv uo +u ooiu
toepotv (Mop(, 1880). 1+ov on +qv opq ooq no o+o enIxev+po +q peu-
vo ou+q |pIoxov+ov oi unoxeievix eneipIe +ov npoe+piov xoi i io ono-
onooo+ixq (|. oxoqoxq) xo+oypoqq +ov ouv0qxov epyooIo xoi exe+eu-
oq, q onoIo ex +ov npoy+ov ei+oupyeI o no +ou xeqooIou yio +qv ovo-
ip0pooq xoi e(ouvoq +ou xoivovixou ov+oyovioou. io +ov Mop(, xoi yio
oou opy+epo oxoou0qoov ou+qv +qv 0oo, q xo+oypoqq +q xo0qepivq
npoe+opioxq eneipIo q+ov vo epyoeIo (uvoq +ou +o(ixou noou. le ov+I-
0eoq e +i xoivoviooyix peuve nou ie(yei +o xeqoio o+qv npoon0eio
+ou vo iouoei, vo onoxev+pooei xoi vo ioonoei +qv npoe+opioxq eneipIo xoi
+i ovo+pen+ix +q uvo++q+e, q epyo+ixq peuvo ei o o+o +qv enixoivo-
vIo, +q ouvvooq xoi +qv xo+pyqoq +ov ioopioov ev+ +ou npoe+opi+ou.
Hpo +o +q +q exoe+Io +ou 1950, q io +q epyo+ixq peuvo, q onoIo
eIe nopoeq0eI yio exoe+Ie on +o enIoqo epyo+ix xo+o, pioe vo
xepIei oqo o+q e+onoeixq i+oIo xoi oo o+o vo xuxo +o(ixov ouyxpou-
oeov nou (exivouoe exeIvq +qv enoq. Ev pei enqpeoovq on +qv ovepevq
pioonoo+ixq xoivoviooyIo, o xoi nopoxivqvq on +qv ovyxq eoq eno-
ve(+ooq xoi xo+oypoqq +q npoe+opioxq eneipIo, q epyo+ixq peuvo noi(e
oqov+ix po o+q 0eopIo +q vo enovoo+o+ixq opio+ep o+qv i+oIo. To
vouoo ooe vo veop xoivovix e+oppu0io+q, o Danilo Dolci, o onoIo
nop+qoe +qv xopipo +ou yio vo qoei e +ou q+oou +q v+io i+oIo. ExeI
6
xove +i npo+e npoon0eie xo+oypoqq +ov eneipiov +ov npoe+piov xoi
+ov oypo+ov oo +q pqoq epo+qo+ooyIov xoi npoqopixov io+opiov. Hio
|peio, o Danilo Montaldi, enqpeo+qxe on +o nopeiyo +ou Dolci xoi, 0o-
v+o vo npooooei nio ounoyq noi+ix opox+qpio+ix oe ou+qv +q opqq peu-
vo, +qv ov+inop0eoe o+qv noi+ixq +q peqopio+ixq xoi o+oivixq opio+ep:
q xotvovto/oytxq e0oo epqveiu eivut 0ee/too evq, uv ot uv+t0e+txq,
po +qv xot/+otpu +ot peoptcot xut +ot c+u/tvtcot, q ooiu eivut uctce-
vq vo ce tu otpo/u+ptxq uv+i/qqq +q pooot xut c+qv 0ecq o+t q euvc+u-
cq 0u ep0et uo +u vo (Montaldi, 1958). Aiono+iovo on io ov+Iqqq nepI
ovoyxoi+q+o ionoioyoyqoq +ov oov, +o peqopio+ix xoi o+oivix
xo+o opvq0qxov +qv npoe+opioxq unoxeievix+q+o q xoi +0qxov evv+io
o+i uvo++q+e enovoo+o+ixq ovo+ponq nou ou0pq+o yevvi+oi on +i Iie
+i ouv0qxe +q npoe+opioxq eneipIo. Av+i0+o, q epyo+ixq peuvo ov+inpo-
ooneue io onneipo xo+ovqoq xoi ev0ppuvoq ou+ov +ov ou0pq+ov uvo-
+o+q+ov.
1
io +ov Montaldi, o npoe+pio ptv yivet e/o evo xou+o, uyovt-
c+q +q euvc+ucq q toxeievo +q e//ov+txq coctu/tc+txq eotciu, eivut
evu ov +o ooio vo uo o/u et ecu c+qv xut+u/tc+txq upuyoyq xut +o epyo-
c+cto ecu c+qv upuyoyq eivut ot tuopove+ut q eeyepcq evv+tu c+qv
exe+//etcq, q tvu+o+q+u qtotpyiu evo uvo+epot +tot xotvoviu, xu0o
xut q +utxq u//q/eyytq e +ot //ot epy+e xut +o ico po +qv exe+//et-
cq xut +ot exe+u//et+e -ei+e poxet+ut ytu +u x/uctx uev+tx +ot 0e ei+e
ytu +ot upocoot ypuetoxp+e +ot cqepu xut +ot utpto (Montaldi, 1954).
Booixq enippoq o+q ouei +ov Socialisme ou Barbarie, Correspondence xoi
Montaldi q+ov +o (eonoo+o +o(ixou ov+oyovioou xoi oi ve opq poq
nou ou0pq+o (enqouoov oo on +ou oyove +ov npoe+piov o+q Auoq
exeIvq +qv enoq.
2
7
1
H 0oo npooyyioq nou oxoou0qoe o Montaldi qeie no oe uo pioonoo+i-
x oe nou eyxo+eiqov oev +ou+povo +ov +po+oxio o+o +q +q exoe+Io +ou
40. Mie yio +qv oo Socialisme ou Barbarie o+q yoIo xoi +qv Correspondence o+i qno,
oi onoIe oqipooov eyo po +q ouei +ou, +q exoe+Io +ou 1950, o+qv xo+oypoqq
xoi +qv onoxuqq ou+ou nou onoxoouoov puyu+txq po/e+uptuxq eetpiu. O Montaldi
e+qpooe o+o i+oix uo oqov+ix xeIevo ou+ov +ov oov: +o qepoyio +ou epy+q
+q Pevo Daniel Moth xoi +qv npoooupo +ou epy+q +q Tvepo M+op Paul Romano, e
+I+o The American Worker. Koi +o uo xo+ypoqov e nopoo+o+ix+q+o +qv xo0qepivq ou-
yxpouoq +ov epyo+ov e +qv xoni+oio+ixq, enio+qovixq opyvooq +q epyooIo xoi +ou
ouvixoio+ eooo|q+.
2
HqpoqopIe yio +ou oyove exeIvq +q enoq 0o |pei xoveI o+o: Kopvqio Ko-
o+opiq, 1984.
lno oqeIooe opy+epo o Sergio Bologna xoi oi 0eopq+ixoI +ou xivqo-
+o +q epyo+ixq ou+ovoIo, +o ounepoo+o +o onoIo npoxuqov on +i npo-
+e exeIve npoon0eie q+ov xo0opio+ix, +oo oe enIneo enovoo+o+ixq o+po-
+qyixq oo xoi oe enIneo 0eopq+ixq ene(epyooIo:
1. O +o(ix ov+oyovio, nopo nou ouv eIvoi ov+iqo+ix o+q opqq
+ou, eIvoi iopxq xoi xo0oix.
2. Ynpei io ouveq ouyxpouoq e+o(u +ov npoe+piov xoi ou+ov nou
uno+I0e+oi +i +ou exnpooonouv (xo+o, ouvix+o, x+).
To vo o+oieIo nou eioqyoye o+q 0oo +q epyo+ixq peuvo +o Quaderni
Rossi, +o npo+onopiox nepioix +q i+oixq vo opio+ep o+i op +q e-
xoe+Io +ou '60, q+ov q ovuoq +q +o(ixq ouv0eoq (composizione di classe).
To(ixq ouv0eoq eIvoi ot tope ope po/e+uptuxq cteptop ot ex-
q/ovov+ut o+uv ctyxexpteve ope epyu+txq tvuq etcyov+ut ce ctyxe-
xpteve tutxucie upuyoyq (Wright, 2002). Me o yio, q +o(ixq ouv0e-
oq ovouei +q ooq oveoo o+qv ov+ixeievixq uvoixq +ou xoni+oioou (+ov
+pno e +ov onoIo +o xeqoio ouvop0povei xoi xoivovixonoieI +qv epyo+ixq u-
voq) xoi +qv epyo+ixq unoxeievix+q+o (+ov +pno e +ov onoIo oi epy+e o+p-
qouv +qv +evixq ouv0eoq, o+qv onoIo unxeiv+oi, evv+io o+o xeqoio). Av xoi q
ooq e+o(u ov+ixeievixov ouv0qxov xoi unoxeievix+q+o q+ov vo q+qo
nou eIe onoooqoei +ov Mop(, nooI on +ou xo+onivou 0eopq+ixou +ou ep-
yo+ixou xivqo+o ov+io|vov+ov +qv epyo+ixq +(q oo on o+o+ix xo+qyo-
pIe, oe+|q+e oo o+o opo xoi +o pvo. Av+I0e+o, q epyo+ixq peuvo opvi-
+ov +i noyiove xo+qyopionoiqoei xoi voiye +o neIo +q xo+ovqoq +q
npoe+opioxq ouv0qxq oo on +i oqqyqoei xoi +i unoxeievix ov+iqqei
+ov npoe+piov. Av xoi nopeivov yio no pvio oioi +q evivio+ixq
ov+Iqqq yio +qv opyvooq, oi i+ooI epyo+io+ onppiqov ev +ou+oi +qv xooi-
xq evivio+ixq ixpioq oveoo oe noi+ixou xoi oixovoixou oyove xoi
ovei(ov +i ou0pq+e opyovo+ix uvo++q+e +ov epyo+ov. l+o +q epyo-
+ixq peuvo +ou Quaderni Rossi q+ov, oo npox+ixov nopoeiy+ov (n.. q
peuvo +ou Romano Alquati o+q Fiat xoi +qv Olivetti) vo ovoeI(ei +o yeyov +i q
ou0pq+q opyvooq +ov epyo+ov +ov oyovIov+oi evv+io o+o xeqoio eIvoi q
pvqoq +q ovonopoyoyq +q xoni+oio+ixq ioIpeoq +q epyooIo. An' +qv ep-
yo+ixq peuvo enIoq npoxuqe q vvoio +q opyvooq o ei+oupyIo +q +o(i-
xq ouv0eoq.
H epyo+ixq peuvo o 0oo ev nepiopIo+qxe o+o noIoio +q i+oixq npoyo-
+ix+q+o +q e+onoeixq enoq xoi +ov xoivovixov ouyxpouoeov nou (ono-
oov exeI. l+o +q +q exoe+Io +ou '70, io oo vov ov0ponov o+q yepovIo
ovoq+qoe xoi |pqxe +o vqo nou ouvee +i ix +ou eneipIe e +qv io+opIo
+q i+oixq enovoo+o+ixq opio+ep. Sexivov+o on io xoivovixq 0oq +qv
8
onoIo oi xoivovioyoi 0o onoxoouoov opy+epo npooopivq epyooIo xoi +qv
onoIo pqoionoIqoov yio +i ix +ou ovyxe npiv +o xeqoio +qv npoo0qoei
o ov+o ovoip0pooq +ov +o(ixov ooeov, ou+oI oi veopoI yepovoI ou-
oneipo0qxov yupo on oe Jobbers.
3
Knoioi on' ou+ou pioov vo e(e+ouv
exeIvo +o xeIevo +q i+oixq enovoo+o+ixq opio+ep, +o onoIo nopouoIoov +q
qiyoupo +ou npooopivou epy+q o +o vo enovoo+o+ix unoxeIevo. Oi i+ooI
ioupIov+ov +i yo +q ioeovq ++e pvqoq +q epyooIo xoi +q ey-
q xivq+ix+q+o o+qv oyop epyooIo, ou+q q qiyoupo |piox+ov o+o enIxev+po
+q +o(ixq (ovo)ouv0eoq. Opiovoi on ou+ou +ou veopou yepovou xo+-
o|ov oe+ix ypqyopo +i ot Jobbers upeevuv tu o/t e+epoyevq xut ept-
0optuxq ou ev+o +q epyu+txq +q xut o+t o//oi eiuv tu u/o u+otxt-
c+txq uopptqq +q epyuciu. Evo xotu Jobbergruppen uoctcuv vu 0eco-
otq0otv xut vu e+u+puotv ce ctot/et+tx xev+pu ytu +u etou+u +ot xot-
vovtxot xp+ot, q ou +q Kup/cpotq -uo +qv ooiu e+eet+u poextqe
+o eptotxo Wildcat- po+etve tu ctc+qu+txq ctq+qcq ytu +qv epyu+txq +q
ctvo/tx (Wildcat, 1997). io +ou Iiou, q epyo+ixq peuvo q+ov o ovoix
+pno yio vo eni+eu0eI x+i ++oio. Moo +q epyo+ixq peuvo, o+euov oe
io enovoo+o+ixq xpi+ixq +q xoni+oio+ixq ooq, ovoq+ov+o +ou +pnou
e +ou onoIou oi npoe+pioi iououv +ou ioopioou nou eni|ei q xoni-
+oio+ixq nopoyoyq xoi ovoyvopIouv +i q nopoyoyixq +ou ouvepyooIo nopeI
vo pqoionoiq0eI o no evv+io o+o xeqoio. Apvouevoi +ou nopoooio-
xou +pnou xo+ovqoq +ou +o(ixou ov+oyovioou, xovov xpi+ixq o+o ov+o
exeIvo nou uno|i|ei +ov xo0qepiv +o(ix ov+oyovio oe vo on oixovoi-
x/io0ooyix q+qo xoi ovoq+qoov +ou +pnou ovo+ponq +ov ioeooo-
|qoeov nou npoo0ouv+oi +oo on +o oqev+ix xoi +o ouvix+o oo xoi on +qv
nopoooioxq opio+ep. H ouei ou+q, oo on +i eneipIe +ou o+o epyoo+-
oio, +i oixoo xoi +o ypoqeIo evoixioeo epyoovov, oqyqoe o+o oun-
pooo +i o +o(ix ov+oyovio eIvoi x0e o nop vexp, xoi no +o xeq-
oio ouvov+ iopxo +epo+io npo|qo+o o+qv eiooyoyq vov +evooyiov no-
poyoyq xoi vov opqov epyooioxq opyvooq xoi nei0opIo. H epyo+ixq
peuvo (oyovio+ixq peuvo -militante Untersuchung, +qv onoxoouoov oi Iioi)
+ou |oq0qoe vo xo+ovoqoouv xou+epo +o noxpioo +q xoni+oio+ixq ovo-
ip0pooq o+o +q +q exoe+Io +ou '80 xoi vo ev+onIoouv +o unoxeIevo nou
eu0uvov+ov yio ou+qv +qv xpuqq (on' +o +io +ov oqev+ixov xoi +q opio+ep)
o npoyo+ixq +o(ixq ouyxpouoq.
9
3
O po Jobbergruppen nepiypoqe ou+o-opyovove oe npoe+opIov oi onoIoi
e+oxivouv+ov on ouei oe ouei xoi eiuv o c+oo +qv uotuiu oq0etu, +qv u//q/ey-
ytq evv+tu c+u uev+tx xut +qv xtx/oopiu +ov eetptov +ot (Wildcat, 1997).
Ao|vov+o unqiv +o ouvoo ou+q +q io+opixq +poi nopoue vo xo+o-
voqooue xou+epo +o 0eopq+ix un|o0po xoi +qv poq +q oo nou nopou-
oie+oi o+qv nopouoo xooq. Av+io|ovevoi +qv epyo+ixq peuvo o vo
enovoo+o+ix oio nou (exivei on vo ouyxexpivo epyooiox +oo xoi npo-
ono0eI vo xo+o|ei xoi vo xpi+ixpei +qv o+q+o +q xoni+oio+ixq ooq, oi
Kolinko xovov +o 1999 vo ovoi+ xeoo oe ie0v enIneo e o+o vo (exi-
vqoei io ouo+qo+ixq ouei nvo o ou+ nou 0eopqoov o vo opyvooq +q
exe+euoq o+o ovon+uooevo +qeqovix xv+po (call centres). To ono+e-
oo ou+ou +ou xooo+o q+ov q qioupyIo ev ix+uou oov on oyyIo,
i+oIo xoi yepovIo, ono+eoueve on ov0ponou nou oueuov qq q nqyov vo
ouqouv oe +qeqovix xv+po, e o+o +qv xoivq peuvo oe ou+, xo0oqyou-
evoi on +i xoiv eneipIe o xoi +o xoiv npo|qo+o nou ov+ie+onIooe
exeI.
4
EnIoq npo on ou+v +ov nupqvo, qioupyq0qxov ooei e oe xoi
+oo on yoIo, q.n.o., ouo+poIo xoi e ope, e ouveq ov+ooyq nqpo-
qopiov nvo o+qv xo0qepiv+q+o +q epyooIo o+o +qeqovix xv+po xoi +i
ov+ipoei nou ou+q yevvouoe.
io +ou Kolinko, xo0o xoi yio oou on o oue+eIov oe ou+qv +qv
npoon0eio, q epyo+ixq peuvo oqopouoe uo +q tu, +ov +poo e +ov ooio
eei ot itot opyuvovouc+e: ct//oytxe ctq+qcet, ot/et, epo+qu+o/oytu,
0eopq+txe uv+tupu0ecetuo +qv //q, +q cecq u e +qv +utxq puyu+t-
xo+q+u: eetpie uo +qv xu0qeptvq exe+//etcq, uoetpe vu etyote u'
ut+qv, upecet, ct//oytxoi uyove1petvu eivut q xu+uvoqcq +q cecq
uvecu c+qv xu0qeptvq ctvepyuciu +ov epyu+ov xut +t ope +ot uyovu +ot
xut q uvux/tqq +q veu (xootvtc+txq) xotvovtxo+q+u ecu ce ut+ot []
l+oo u eivut vu +ovicote +t tvu+o+q+e xut +q tvutxq evo uyovu pqct-
ootov+u upueiyu+u, u// xut vu ev+oicote +u optu xut +t utvuie, +t
uv+et0ecet +ov uev+txov, +t uoetpe +ov ctvtx+ov vu uotvuocotv
+ot uyove, +qv eptoptcevq uv+i/qqq exeivov ot utc0vov+ut epquvot ytu
+q ot/et +ot, +o pu+ctco (Kolinko, 2002). Xpqoionoiov+o epo+qo+oyio
e o+o +qv ev0ppuvoq io ooi|oIo ov+ooyq eneipiov, exIov+o qu-
io e xoiv nepieevo nou oipov+ov +ou+povo oe oyyIo, i+oIo xoi yep-
ovIo -+o onoIo ovoeIxvuov +i xoiv ouv0qxe epyooIo o+o call centres xoi
o+euov o+qv xuxoqopIo +ov oyovov- xoi ouyov+o oixono oe+ix ui-
x, npoono0qooe vo +qv q(oue xoi vo nop|oue o+ov +o(ix ov+oyovio
e vo ouo+qo+ix +pno. Kpo+ov+o ono+ooq on +i o+o+io+ix peuve oi
onoIe qovepovouv ovo +qv eniqveio io xpIoq opI vo +qv e(qyouv xoi
10
4
O |ooix ouyypoqo ou+q +q eiooyoyq oue+eIe oe io on +i oe +ou i-
x+uou, +qv Workers against work o+o Brighton.
opI vo nopouv xovvo +pno nop|ooq, pqoionoiqooe +qv epyo+ixq
peuvo yio vo xo+o|oue +o un|o0po +q xpIoq +q xoni+oio+ixq ovoip-
0pooq xoi v ovoxouqoue +i uvo++q+e qioupyIo ev vou +o(ixou xivq-
o+o. Hopo nou enIxev+po +q peuvo q+ov +o +qeqovix xv+po, q+ov ooq
+i ovoq+ouooe oo on q ou+qv +qv io+opIo +o epyoeIo yio io ouvoixq
xpi+ixq xoi ovo+ponq +q xoni+oio+ixq ooq.
Hpeet vu xu+uppt0ei q +epu+oo /uv0ucevq teu
o+t +u po/qu+u, e+ct oo +u /eotv ot epy+e,
ev eivut cquv+tx, o+t tpotv //u ot eivut o/t
eptcco+epo cquv+tx xut ytu +u ooiu ovo ot 0eopq+txoi
xut ot o/t+txoi opotv vu t/ve. dev opei xuvei
vu xu+u/et +io+u ytu +o epyoc+cto uv ev eet xu+u/et
+qv xotvoviu u// uxou /tyo+epo opei xuvei vu xu+u/et
o+tqo+e ce+txo e +qv xotvoviu, uv ev eet
xu+u/et +o epyoc+cto. It ut+o ev tpet
up evu eco: vu t/qcotv ot epy+e.
K.Koo+opiq, 1959o
O xu/t+epo +poo ytu vu tepuctc+ei
xuvei +ov epyu+tco cqepu
eivut vu et epu u ut+ov.
Roberto Battaggia
Me +qv nopouoo xooq e 0oue vo vo xoivonoiqooue vo ouyxexpivo ey-
eIpqo epyo+ixq peuvo, o xoi vo +o ono+iqooue. Ooue vo yIvei ooq
o+ov ovoyvoo+q +i e 0eopoue +qv epyo+ixq peuvo oov +o yio+pix yio o +o
npo|qo+o nou ov+ie+onIei +o npoe+opi+o.
Meyq q+ov q ouq+qoq nou eIe yIvei oo on +i oeIe +ou Socialisme
ou Barbarie xoi +ou Quaderni Rossi oe+ix e +o optu +q epyo+ixq peuvo. O
Koo+opiq, o+qv ov+inop0eoq +ou e +ov 0eopq+ix +q npoe+opioxq enei-
pIo Claude Lefort xoi +ou ou ou0opq+io+ +q oo (n +ov Henri
Simon, e+nei+o equo+q +ou ix+uou ICO) eIe ev+onIoei ooo+ o npo|qo-
+o +i: o) q evonoIqoq xoi q voqo+o+qoq +ov npoe+opioxov eneipiov xoi ou-
yxpouoioxov npox+ixov npoLno0+ei vo enovoo+o+ix qov+ooiox xoi io eno-
voo+o+ixq opyvooq xoi |) ou+o+q ouveoq +ov oqepivov oyovov e +q e-
ov+ixq opyvooq +q xoivovIo ev unpei. Aei opox+qpio+ix: H ecq
[npoe+opioxq] eetpiu ev eptopie+ut xu0o/ot c+q oq +q eteipqcq: ei+e
+o 0e/ote ei+e ot, o epy+q eivut +ut+opovu xu+uvu/o+q, qqoopo, evot-
xtuc+q, et+epq +q eic+pu+o, yovto u0q+q, uvuyvoc+q eqepiu, 0eu-
11
+q xtvqu+oypot x+/...H ctvo/txq xotvovtxq eetpiu upo+t eivut tuope+t-
xq uo +qv ecq eetpiu +ot epy+q, e tuepet pttx u ut+qv, ytu+i exp-
et +e/tx +u itu ov+e/u xotvovtxov ceceov xut ctyxpotceov. Itu+i o +to e-
vocq ot +eivet vu puyu+ootqcet q ctypovq exe+u//et+txq xotvoviu eivut
+e/tx o ito ce o/ot +ot +oei. Eo picxe+ut q uv+txetevtxq cq +q evo+q-
+u +q xotvovtxq ctveiqcq... H opyvocq eivut q e+uu+txq upq ot et+pe-
et +qv u+e/q tuopocq ut+q +q ctveiqcq xut uo+e/ei eoevo poetxo-
vtcq +q coctu/tc+txq xotvoviu xut +q euvc+ucq. (Koo+opiq, 1959|).
5
To Quaderni Rossi enIoq yvopie +ov xIvuvo +q xo+oypoqq unoxeievi-
xov ov+iqqeov nou nopeI v ov+ovoxouv on +qv eniqveio +ov xoni+oio+i-
xov xoivovixov ooeov. io v onoqeu0eI o eneipio nIo+euov +i 0o npene
vo +ono0e+q0eI q epyo+ixq peuvo o vo ouvoix noIoio, ou+ +q eupu+epq
xpi+ixq +q noi+ixq oixovoIo. vopiov enIoq +i yio vo eIvoi eni+uqvq q
epyo+ixq peuvo 0o npene vo |ooIe+oi o+qv ooi|oIo enio+oouvq epo+ov+ov-
epo+oevov. Tqv Iio enoq nou o Koo+opiq eyxo+eine oiy-oiy +o no
+q xpi+ixq, ve 0eopq+ix ovoq+qoei npoopouoov npo on +qv ou+oioei-
pio+ixq ieooyIo +ou Socialisme ou Barbarie xoi +q o+evq epyoo+ooioxq on+ixq
+ov Correspondence, Alquati xoi Montaldi (+q npo+q nepiou). l+o nepIqqo
p0po +ou To epyoc+cto xut q xotvoviu, nou qooieu+qxe +o 1962 o+o eu+epo
+euo +ou Quaderni Rossi, o Mario Tronti e(+ooe +i ooy nou enqepe oo
o+qv xoni+oio+ixq xoivovIo q xupiopIo +q oe+ixq unepo(Io un +q opqq
+ou xoivovixou xeqooIou: Oco eptcco+epo poop q xut+u/tc+txq uv+t-
q, oco q/uq q upuyoyq q q ce+txq tepuiu tuepv +u v+u, +oco eptc-
co+epo o xtx/o upuyoyq-tuvoq-uv+u//uyq-xu+uv/ocq uvuoetx+u uvu-
+tcce+ut q/uq q cecq uvecu c+qv xut+u/tc+txq upuyoyq xut +qv uc+txq
xotvoviu, uvecu c+o epyoc+cto xut +qv xotvoviu, uvecu c+qv xotvoviu xut +o
xp+o, yive+ut o/o xut to opyuvtxq. l+o tqq/o+epo eieo +q xut+u/tc+txq
uv+tq ot xotvovtxe cecet yivov+ut c+tye +ov ceceov upuyoyq, xut o/q
q xotvoviu yive+ut ctvp0pocq +q upuyoyq. Ev o/iyot, +o ctvo/o +q xotvo-
viu et o tu /et+otpyiu +ot epyoc+uciot xut +o epyoc+cto eex+eivet +qv uo-
x/etc+txq xtptupiu +ot vo c+o ctvo/o +q xotvoviu... [Moo o ou+ +i ouv-
0qxe] o ct//oytxo epy+q uv+tupu+i0e+ut ot ovo c+q quvq o c+u0epo xe-
/uto u// xut c+qv itu +qv epyu+txq tvuq o e+u/q+o xe/uto. 1+vet
c+o cqeio vu /eet +o ctvo/txo xe/uto -xut e+ct xut +ov ito +ot +ov eut+o o
epo +ot xeu/uiot- o e0po +ot.
Oi xo+oo+ooioxoI, o vo p0po e +ov ev+unooiox +I+o Ot tucxecet
epyov+ut, nou qooieu0qxe +o 1964 o+o 9o +euo +q Internationale
12
5
Do+oo, e ouqovoue e +qv noqq +ou Koo+opiq +i o e+ooqo+io +q xoi-
vovIo eIvoi uvo+ ovo o+uv +u otctuc+tx c+oteiu +ot epteoevot xut +q opq +ot
eotv tu+to0ei pq+ ex +ov po+epov (on +o Iio xeIevo).
Situationniste, ypoqov +i: Me +qv uv+tq +ot e/et0epot povot xut +q xu-
+uvuyxuc+txq xu+uv/ocq, q qetoxot/+otpu xut +u qetouiyvtu ev uo+e-
/otv ovo eex+etvoevot +oei +q otxovoiu u// +eivotv vu yivotv ut+o ot
xvet o/ox/qpq +qv otxovoiu vu /et+otpyei.
Mnopoue oinv e+ +qv x+ooq nou nqpe q ouq+qoq yio +qv npoe+o-
pioxq eneipIo, ev+ +ou enovoo+o+ixou xivqo+o, vo ouveIooue vo ioupi-
oo+e +i o nou+o ou+ou +ou xoou nopye+oi ev+ +q eoq nopoyoyixq
ioixooIo (noi xoi ov+pvo) +ov eIvoi nov ooq, eo xoi exoe+Ie, +i
o xoivovix nou+o nopye+oi ev+ +ou xoivovixou epyoo+ooIou xoi ev ei
vo t/txq opqq; l+i oi Kolinko uno|o0Iouv +q oqooIo ou+q +q xoivovixq
e(i(q qoIve+oi on +qv onouoIo epo+qoeov oe+ix e +qv xo0qepivq oq +ov
epyo+ov o+o epo+qo+oyio nou ouv+o(ov. To Iio oqov+ix eIvoi vo 0uIoou-
e +i xoi oi +o(ixoI oyove yupo on +qv oixeionoIqoq +ou xoivovixou nou+ou
on +q exoe+Io +ou 60 xoi e+ ev nepiopIov+oi o+qv eoq nopoyoyixq ioi-
xooIo o onovov+oi o+o ouvoo +ou xoivovixou epyoo+ooIou (n.. oyove yu-
voixov, qoi+q+ov, oupov x+.) npyo nou ei |ei +o o q+qo +q enovo-
o+o+ixq opyvooq oe io ev+eo vo |oq.
H ouq+qoq nou oxoou0eI yive o+o Au+voo l+xi o+i 14 No|pq 2002 xoi
iopyovo0qxe on +qv exo+ixq oo Koxxtvo Nqu. Me eovo +i +o ov+ixeI-
evo +q ouq+qoq ev ouyxo+oye+oi o+o ouvq0e penep+pio +ov q+q+ov
nou onoooouv +qv neioqqqIo +ou ov+ie(ouoioo+ixou/opio+epIo+ixou opou,
ev o e(nq(e +o yeyov +i Iyoi oe+ix nopoxoou0qoov +qv ev yo exq-
ooq. Av+I0e+o, eupio+q xnq(q yio o q+ov +i q oo cu/+uptcevot epy-
+e +ot +pt+oyevq +oeu i vo oue+eIe o+q ouq+qoq, o io+o np+eive
xoi +q qooIeuoq +q. Oi cu/+uptcevot epy+e +ot +pt+oyevq +oeu ovo|ov
+qv onooyvq+oqovqoq +q ouq+qoq xoi +q e+qpooq enieyvov onoono-
o+ov on +o |i|Io +ov Kolinko, q +eixq opqq +ov onoIov eIvoi ono+eoo
+q e+o(u o ouvepyooIo. Mio ouvepyooIo, oo+oo, nou yive e oxon +qv x-
ooq -xoi vo- +ou |i|Iou ou+ou.
Kxxtvo Nqo
Mto 2003
13
ANAdOPEX
Internationale Situationniste (1958-1969) 1975. Paris: Champ Libre.
Koo+opiq, K. 1959o. Hoto eivut +o cquv+txo. l+o Koo+opiq, K. 1984.
Koo+opiq, K. 1959|. Hpo/e+upt+o xut Opyvocq, II. l+o Koo+opiq, K.
1984.
Koo+opiq, K. 1984. H eipu +ot epyu+txot xtvqu+o. A0qvo: qiov.
Kolinko 2002. Call Centres Inquiry Communism. Oberhausen.
Mop(, K. 1880. Epyu+txq 1petvu
Montaldi, D 1954. Hpoyo o+o Paul Romano, L Operaio Americano. l+o
Montaldi, D. 1994.
Montaldi, D.1958. Sociologia d un congresso. l+o Montaldi D., 1994.
Montaldi, D. 1994. Bisogna Sognare, Scritti 1952-1975. Mivo: Cooperativa
Colibri.
Wildcat 1997. Offener Brief an John Holloway. l+o Wildcat-Zirkular Nr. 39.
Wright, Steve 2002. Storming Heaven. London: Pluto Press.
14
P
l,+i oxoou0eI eIvoi io onneipo npooyyioq +q xo+o+ooq o+qv onoIo |pi-
oxoo+e, +q xpIoq, +q eiqq xivqo+o. To oqeIo on nou (exive eIvoi
q opyq o evv+io o+qv xoni+oio+ixq exe+euoq, q eni0uIo vo +qv xo+opyq-
ooue xoi vo +qv ov+ixo+oo+qooue e io xoivovIo nou 0o |ooIe+oi o+i ovyxe
+ov ov0ponov xoi i o+o xpo.
Oo (exivqoo e Io ouvon+ixq yevixq eiooyoyq xoi +qv nopouoIooq +q o-
o o. l+q ouveio 0o iqoo yio opiove on +i |ooix 0eopq+ix xoi
npox+ix ie +q poo+qpi+q+ o xoi yio +ov +pno nou +i pqoionoiqoo-
e npoxeivou vo xo+ovoqooue xoi vo nop|oue oe vo ouyxexpivo neIo,
+o +qeqovix xv+po, +o |ioqovonoiqvo ypoqeIo. Oo iqoo enIoq yio +o
ono+eoo+o ou+q +q peuvo -no +qv ovooue.
Oo npoono0qoo vo eIoi ouv+oo +oi oo+e vo unpei nepioo+epo p-
vo yio epo+qoei xoi ix oo oio. Oo vo ouq+qooue oe+ix e +i npo-
on0ei o xoi +o no +i |ne+e. A 0o q0eo enIoq vo 0o yio +qv xo+-
o+ooq nou enixpo+eI eo, yio +i eneipIe nou e+e onoxoIoei on oyove, yio
+i npoon0eie nop|ooq nou xvo+e, x.o.x.
Opiovoi nIo+eqov +i, e+ +i ooy +ou 89, +qv n+ooq +ou +eIou xoi
+qv xo+ppeuoq +ou ovo+oixou nox, o xoni+oio eIe xepIoei +qv +eixq
q. Au+ ev iouei. lqepo yivoo+e p+upe io 0eeioou xpIoq +ou
xoni+oioou nou exqove+oi e iqopou +pnou: +qv xo+ppeuoq +q opye-
v+ivq, +qv xpIoq o+q pooIo e+ +qv e+|ooq o+ov onoxoouevo iio+ix xoni-
+oio, +qv neIvo o+qv Aqpixq, +qv ono+uIo +ov u+ixov opov vo (exivqoouv
vov vo xuxo ovn+u(q |ooiovo oe io voo +q nopoyoyix+q+o, +qv xo-
+ppeuoq +q No OixovoIo.
Me+ +o +o +q ouyxpouoq Avo+oq-Auoq yivoo+e enIoq p+upe
io npoon0eio eyxo0Ipuoq io vo noyxoio +(q, ev noioIou yio
+ov noyxoio xoni+oio, e +ov neo vo yIve+oi 0oo eyou xoi xo+o-
o+poqq x0e uvq+ixq oneiq ou+q +q +(q: neoi +ou Knou, neoi
o+qv npoqv yiouyxooo|Io, o+o oqyovio+v
Tqv Iio o+iyq, yio npo+q qop unpouv +ooi nooI v0ponoi o+ov no-
vq+q nou ev eIvoi nio oyp+e xoi ovoyxov+oi vo eni|iovouv e io0o+q q i-
o0q epyooIo. Au+ oqeIe+oi xupIo o+i +epo+ie ooy o+qv AoIo nou exo-
+oupio exioxov+oi on +q yq +ou q onoqooIouv vo ovoq+qoouv vo xou+e-
po ov o+i nei. H npoe+opionoIqoq ou+q eIvei +oo +qv eni0uIo yio io
xou+epq oq oo xoi +q Iqo +ou xeqooIou yio vo epyo+ixq uvoq npo exe-
+euoq o+o epyoo+oio +q noyxoio oyop. Koi ou+ oqoIvei vou oyove
(no n.. eIoe o+qv ivovqoIo): nopovei o ovoix+ q+qo +o ov 0o oue
vo vo xuo oyovov nou ouvov+oi e+o(u +ou. lno o+q exoe+Io +ou 60 xoi
+ou 70. H e(yepoq +q opyev+ivq, +o vo oe+ix e onepyIe o+qv xIvo, oi oi-
15
x xivq+onoiqoei o+qv ionovIo xoi +qv i+oIo nopeI vo eIvoi oqio ev vou
xuxou oyovov o pi o+iyq nopovouv oe+ix onoovovoi q x+o
on +ov eyo peqopio+ixov ouvix+ov xoi xo+ov. H pouoo +(q ev (-
pei no vo ey(ei +qv xpIoq. Ko+ nepIepyo +pno eIvei vo npoe+oie+oi yio
vou oyove +q epyo+ixq +(q nou ev ouv (exivqoei oxq: ovoip0pooq
+ov evnov uveov, ouo+qp+epo eyo +q e+ovo+euoq, nepioo+epq
oo+uvoIo xoi xo+oo+oq
Mnpoo+ oe ou+qv +qv xo+o+ooq peie+oi vo ouq+qooue +qv xo+eu0uv-
oq nou ei npei q ovn+u(q xoi +i nopoue vo xvoue yi ou+. Ho nopoue
vo xo+ovoqooue +i +oei nou unpouv xoi vo unoo+qpI(oue ou+ nou xo+eu-
0uvov+oi npo +qv xo+oo+poqq +q xoni+oio+ixq exe+euoq xoi +q qioup-
yIo io vo xoivovIo; Hou nopeI vo |pe0eI q uvoq, +o xIvqo nou 0o eIvoi
ixov vo +o npoyo+onoiqoei; Oo iqoo nepioo+epo yi ou+, o npo+o 0o no
Iyo npyo+o yio +o noioi eIoo+e.
H Kolinko (Kollektiv in Kommunistischer Bewegung) eIvoi io ixpq oo
on +qv nepioq +ou Pqvou/Poup +q yepovIo, io nepioq nou nepio|vei op-
xe+ nei e+o(u +ou N+p+ouv+ xoi +q KoovIo. Au+q q oo ipu0qxe
npiv nv+e nepInou pvio. Knoioi on o q+ov noi+epo q q oxq oue-
+ouv o+i ouq+qoei io q oo nou ovoe+oi Wildcat.
Xpqoionoioue iqope e0ou o+i npoon0ei o, |ooiove oe
xpi+ix npooeyyIoei +ou op(ioou (n.. looioio q Bop|op+q+o, yoIo, e-
xoe+Io +ou 50), o+i vvoie +q +o(ixq ouv0eoq xoi peuvo (Quaderni Rossi,
i+oIo, op +q exoe+Io +ou 60), o+qv xpi+ixq +ou evivioou on +ou opio+e-
pou xoouvio+ xoi +ou ou|ouioxou, x.o.x.
Hpiv q+i(oue +qv Kolinko xnoioi on e eIov qq enoxeI xoi oe -
e npoon0eie epyo+ixq peuvo, n.. o+i oixoo.
D Kolinko qooieuooe vo quio e epix on +i |ooix ie
o. Au+ yive npiv +pIo pvio. TeeIove e vov xo+oyo +ov onopoI+q+ov xi-
vqoeov nou npnei vo xvoue npoxeivou vo xo+ovoqooue +qv xo+o+ooq +q
+o(ixq nq o+qv nepioq o xoi eupu+epo xoi vo nop|oue
To +eeu+oIo +pIo pvio enixev+poooe oe io epyo+ixq peuvo o+o +qe-
qovix xv+po xoi i qooieuooe vo |i|Io oe+ix e +i eneipIe o xoi
+ ono+eoo+ +q.
To oqeIo on nou (exive eIvoi +i q uvoq nou 0o ovo+pqei +ov xoni-
+oio 0o eIvoi vo xIvqo +q epyo+ixq +(q nou o+qpIe+oi o+i ix +ou
npoyo+ix opq oyovo xoi opyvooq.
io vo oue+ooue o+o xIvqo peiooo+e epix 0eopq+ix vvoie
xoi npox+ix e0ou ovuoq xoi nop|ooq.
Oo npoono0qoo vo onoooo epix |ooix oqeIo +q vvoio epyo+ixq
peuvo no +q pqoionoioue eeI:
1. Bnoue vov iopxq ov+oyovio oveoo o+qv epyo+ixq +(q xoi +qv
xoni+oio+ixq opyvooq +q epyooIo. Oeopoue +qv epyo+ixq +(q o+oieIo +ou
16
xeqooIou i x+i ioopiovo (on +o xeqoio). H epyo+ixq +(q nopyei +o
xeqoio xoi +oi ei +q uvoq vo +o xo+oo+pqei.
At+o eivut evu cquv+txo cqeio, ytu+i ev /eote +ov +utxo uyovu o +o
xu/o evv+tu c+o xuxo, +ov exe+u//etoevo evv+tu c+ot eotctuc+e, u// /-
/ov o +ov uyovu evv+tu ce tu ctyxexptevq cecq ot qtotpyote eei ot
itot. 1+ct o +utxo uyovu yive+ut ytu +qv optc+txq euvtcq +q cecq ut+q,
ot ovu evv+tu c+o ey/o uev+txo q +qv yuqevq xtepvqcq.
2. To npoe+opi+o ev eIvoi io evonoiqvq ov++q+o o eIvoi ioopi-
ovo o+q |oq enoyyeo+ixov, xoixov q nepiqepeioxov ioqopov, o+q |oq
e0vixov ioipoeov q ioipoeov quou xoi nei yov+o. Eninov, q xoni+oi-
o+ixq exe+euoq unxei+oi iopxo oe e+o|o, nou o enI +o neIo+ov nop-
yov+oi on +ov oyovo nou ie(yei q epyo+ixq +(q evv+io o+qv exe+euoq.
Epoo+e ov+i+onoi e ve e0ou exe+euoq, xo+oo+oq xoi evoo-
+ooq xoi npnei vo |poue io onv+qoq oe ou+.
Xpqctootote +qv evvotu +utxq ctv0ecq ytu vu xu+u/ote +t tut-
pecet xut +t u//uye. H +evtxq +utxq ctv0ecq eptypet +t tope xu+u-
c+cet c+u /uictu +q xut+u/tc+txq upuyoyq +t tuope+txe toquvie,
+u euyye/u+u- evo q o/t+txq +utxq ctv0ecq pqctootei+ut ytu vu ept-
ypqet +t ope +ot uyovu xut +q opyvocq +t ooie uvu+tccotv ot epy-
+e c+qptoevot c+qv xu0qeptvq eetpiu +ot. uv q tutxuciu eivut cquv+t-
xq eo: ecu c+ot uyove u//et q +utxq ctv0ecq
3. To npoe+opi+o yio vo xo+opyqoei +ov xoni+oio npnei vo unep|eI +i
ioipoei, +ov eyo on +o xp+o, +o xo+o, +o ouvix+o. Au+ nopeI vo
yIvei vo oo o+ou Iiou +ou oyove. Mnopoue vo noue enIoq: ovo -
oo on +ou oyove nopeI vo ioopqo0eI ou+ nou ye+oi epyo+ixq +(q. H ep-
yo+ixq +(q o xIvqo i oov xnoio eIo xoivoviooyixq ooonoIqoq ov
+ov exe+oeuevov, no nooI op0o(oi op(io+ 0o +o 0e+ov.
H etpue+qcq +q epyu+txq +q ev eup++ut uo xou+u, qye+e q
po+oopie ot etcyotv +q /eyoevq +utxq ctveiqcq uo +u eo. Av+t0e-
+o, q uv+tq evo xtvqu+o eup++ut uo +ot itot +ot uyove xut uo +qv
eetpiu ot xoiotv.
4. Koi +i eIvoi ou+ nou npnei vo xvoue; Ko+ +q yvoq o npnei vo
xvoue io ouo+qo+ixq ovuoq xoi xpi+ixq +q xoni+oio+ixq exe+euoq
xoi +ou oyovo yio +qv unp|ooq +q. To peiooo+e, oo+e vo xo+ovoqooue +qv
+evixq xoi +qv noi+ixq ouv0eoq +q +(q. To q+qo eIvoi +o e(q: Ynpouv ou-
yxexpivoi npoe+opioxoI +oeI nou xo0oqyouv +ov oyovo, oi onoIoi nopouv
vo o0qoouv ou vo ov+io+o0ouv xoi vo oyovio+ouv, nou e+o+pnouv +qv xo-
0qepivq ouvepyooIo +ou oo o+q ouei oe no evv+io o+qv xoni+oio+ixq
exe+euoq;
17
Itu u q epetvu ev eivut ovo tu uv/tcq u// eicq tu evvotu ot
uvuepe+ut c+qv upeucq. Noiote o+t eivut uupui+q+o vu epetvqcote +t
ttui+epe xu+uc+cet c+q cuipu +q exe+//etcq, q/uq c+t e+utpeie, c+u
co/eiu, c+o +ueio uvepyiu xut u//ot, xut ctveo c+ot xu0qeptvot uyove,
ytu vu xu+u/ote +q cteptop +ov epyu+ov xut vu xu+uvoqcote +q tvu-
+o+q+u ytu +qv euvuc+u+txq u//uyq ot picxe+ut eo c+qv eptepet u u/-
/ xut ce uyxocto eicq eieo.
5. Ho nopoue vo e+oue oe io enovoo+o+ixq ioixooIo; io nop-
eiyo:
-o|vov+o po o+ou oyove xoi +i epyo+ix ouq+qoei nvo oe
ou+ou,
-unoo+qpIov+o +i xoouvio+ix +oei o+o eoo+epix +ou,
-eIvov+o +qv xoni+oio+ixq quoq +q +evooyIo nou unpei yio vo
eyei xoi vo o xvei vo oueuoue oxqp+epo,
-qovepovov+o +ov unovoeu+ix po +ov ouvix+ov,
-nopov+o nqpoqpqoq oe+ix e +ou oyove xoi +ou ono+eeoo+i-
xou +pnou noxopIoo+o +q ioixooIo ouooopeuoq,
-Ivov+o qooq o+q ouoyixq quoq +q xoni+oio+ixq nopoyoyq, nou
ono+eeI +q |oq +q enovoo+o+ixq ooyq.
Oo npoono0qoo opix vo ooo io e(qyqoq yio+I enixev+poooe +qv npoooq
o o+o +qeqovix xv+po o+qv nepioq o xoi o+q ouveio 0o ovoqpo no
xvoe ou+q +qv epyo+ixq peuvo. Hpo+o on o, +o 1998 yivov onepyIe oe i-
qopo +qeqovix xv+po +q Citibank o+qv nepioq o xoi 0oe v ovoxou-
qoue ov ou+ oqo+oo+ouoe vo (exIvqo vov +o(ixov oyovov o ou+ +ov +o-
o +q oixovoIo. H Citibank q+ov q npo+q +pneo nou npoon0qoe vo e+oq-
pei +i nepioo+epe unqpeoIe +q on +o unoxo+oo+qo+o o+o +qeqovix x-
v+po, oe eyq xIoxo.
Tqv Iio o+iyq eqovIov+ov nov+ou o+qv nepioq vo +qeqovix xv+po,
npooo|vov+o iie epy+e. Au+oI oi epy+e q+ov xupIo oveiIxeu+oi, xoi
oueuov oe +epo+io ypoqeIo -oe no nepin+ooei unqpov exo+ov+e ep-
y+e oe vo ypoqeIo. Avopo+q0qxoe oinv ov q unop(q +oov noov epyo+ov
oo oe vo ypoqeIo ono+eouoe io euvoxq ouv0qxq yio +qv ovn+u(q vov oyo-
vov.
Tou+povo unqpe io +epo+io xonvio on noi+ixou, ouvixoio+
xoi oqev+ix nou nopouoIoe +o +qeqovix xv+po oov +o ov +q epyooIo.
Hnepioq +ou Poup q+ov io nopoooiox |ioqovixq nepioq, e no opueIo
xoi ou|oupyIe, +o onoIo xnoio o+iyq xeioov e ono+eoo q ovepyIo vo eI-
voi nou uqqq, 20% nepInou. 1+oi +o +qeqovix xv+po nopouoio+qxov enI-
18
oq oov +o ov yio +qv nepioq, +o ov yio ou ou+ou +ou epy+e nou
ooov +i ouei +ou o+i eye |ioqovIe.
Axouooe enIoq +i +qeqovix xv+po voiyov on +i qno xoi +qv ivIo
pi +qv opyev+ivq xoi +qv ouo+poIo, on+e oxeq+qxoe +i unpei io ie0vq
e(i(q nou nopeI vo eni+pqei oe eovovou oyove o+o +qeqovix xv+po
vo ouoe+io0ouv e+o(u +ou. 1+oi oinv opIooe vo ouyoue x0e eIou
nqpoqopIe oe+ix e +o +qeqovix xv+po on eqqepIe xoi |i|Io oo+e v
onox+qooue io yevixq eixvo.
Sexivqooe oxo xnoie 0eopq+ix ouq+qoei oo o+qv oo o,
n.. nvo o+o q+qo +ov qovov, +q xuxoqopIo +ou xeqooIou, +q opyvo-
oq +q epyooIo oo+e vo xo+o|oue +o po +ov +qeqovixov xv+pov o+q
ouooopeuoq xeqooIou xoi +ov +pno nou ou+ ei+oupyouv. To, opIooe vo
oueuoue eeI oi Iioi oe 13 nepInou ioqope+ix +qeqovix xv+po npoxei-
vou vo qioupyqooue ooei e +ou epy+e exeI xoi vo nopoue vo nope-
|oIvoue oe ni0ovou eov+ixou oyove. Au+ q+ov nou euxoo yio+I, no
e(qyqoo, npoo|ovov iie oveiIxeu+ou epy+e, on+e nopouoe on
vo eqovio+eI exeI xoi vo |peI ouei.
M ou+v +ov +pno (exivqooe +q ioixooIo +q epyo+ixq peuvo, noIp-
vov+o ouvev+eu(ei on +ou eou+ou o xoi on +ou ou epy+e yio vo xo-
+o|oue +q ioixooIo +q ouei, +q ounepiqop +ov epyo+ov, +o oono-
+, +qv eneipIo +ov oyovov. Oi ouvev+eu(ei ev eIvoi on vo +pno vo 0-
+ei epo+qoei xoi vo ouyei nqpoqopIe, o nepioo+epo io oqopq vo (e-
xivqoei io ouq+qoq, vo qioupyqoei io ooq e ou epy+e xoi oI e
ou+ou vo ovon+u(ei io xpi+ixq onvov+i n.. o+ou po+oio+ixou ioopioou
oo o+q ouei q o+qv +ou+ioq nou nopouoIoov opiovoi epyoevoi e +qv
enieIpqoq.
Aqioupyqooe enIoq enoq e oe ov opov nou nop|oivov oe
+qeqovix xv+po- unqp(e ov+onxpioq on Io oo o+qv oyyIo xoi Io o+qv
i+oIo, oi onoIe oue+eIov o+i xoiv ouq+qoei, oIpoov ix +ou quio
xoi e+qpooov ix o uix. pqoe xoi oipooe 8-9 quio eiix nvo
o+i ouv0qxe nou enixpo+ouoov o+o +qeqovix xv+po xoi q+i(oe Io io+ooe-
Io nou qooieuoe xeIevo xoi nqpoqopIe oe+ix e +o +qeqovix xv+po
oe e ope.
le+ix e + ono+eoo+o, enIoe no nqyoIvov+o o+o +qeqovix x-
v+po 0o ouvov+ouooe oyove o+ou onoIou 0o oue+eIoe. Ayove oo on
+ou onoIou oi epy+e nopouv vo (enepoouv +ou ioopioou xoi vo qi-
oupyqoouv io ov+Iqqq yio io oq opI io0o+q epyooIo. Hio+euoe enIoq +i
oi ouv0qxe epyooIo yio +ou epy+e o+o +qeqovix xv+po, o+ou onoIou |-
noe +o npoe+opi+o +q vo oixovoIo, 0o q+ov io xoq |oq yio vo vo
xuxo +o(ixov oyovov, uo+uo o x+i ++oio e ouv|q. luvov+qooe |-
|oio xo0qepiv opq oono+, eniqxuvoq +ov ioei+ov, +q ouvq0io-
vq on0eio evv+io o+ oqev+ix xoi +ou pu0ou epyooIo, o i ovoi+ou
19
oixou oyove. H npo+q yevixq e(qyqoq nou oxeq+qxoe yi ou+ eIvoi +i o+q
yepovIo ev unpei ouvoix vo ov+oyovio+ix epyo+ix xIvqo oe oxq. io
vo xo+ovoqooue +i unoine oi+Ie npnei vo e(e+ooue +qv Iio +q quoq +q
epyooIo o+o +qeqovix xv+po.
Apix npnei vo ieuxpivIooue no e 0eopoue +i +o +qeqovix x-
v+po eIvoi vo (eopio+ +oo +q oixovoIo, o io ouyxexpivq 0oo
epyooIo. evix, ov 0oue vo npooiopIooue +ou epy+e o+o +qeqovix x-
v+po, 0o yoe no npxei+oi yio epy+e nou nopouv nqpoqopIe ov+o
o+q i0eoq +ou vo +qqovo xoi vov qex+povix unooyio+q. H eqvioq +ov
+qeqovixov xv+pov ouvio+ io enI0eoq o+i ouv0qxe epyooIo +ov epyo+ov
o+o ypoqeIo. Mpi npoqo+o o +pno ouei o+o ypoqeIo en+pene o+ou ep-
yoevou vo oqov+ix noooo+ eyou nvo o+qv epyooioxq ioixooIo. Mi-
e eo yio eiixeuvou epy+e nou npene vo eni+eoouv io ooxqpovq
xoi ouv0e+q yxo epyooioxov xo0qxv+ov, x+i nou +ou ive io oe+ixq eeu-
0epIo o+ov +pno ouei. Knoie npo+e npoon0eie vo |ioqovonoiq0eI q
ouei o+o ypoqeIo, no n.. q eiooyoyq eovov (data entry) o+i +pnee,
(enepo+qxov o+q exoe+Io +ou 80 on +q vo nqpoqopixq xoi +qenixoivovioxq
+evooyIo nou ooe o+o xeqoio ve uvo++q+e. Apo +o +qeqovix xv+po
ev eIvoi q ovoixq npoon0eio |ioqovonoIqoq +q ouei o+o ypoqeIo.
evix+epo, q ovn+u(q +q nqpoqopixq xoi +qenixoivovioxq +evoo-
yIo q+ov q npoLn0eoq yi ou+ +i ve uvo++q+e, +oi oo+e vo unp(ei io
xovovixonoiqoq/+eoponoIqoq +q ouei o+o ypoqeIo. Hpyo nou oqoIvei
+i x0e epyoevo oe ypoqeIo ei vo xvei nepiopiovo xoi povoe+pqvo
|qo+o epyooIo, x+i nou eni+pnei o+ oqev+ix vo npooo|vouv oveiIxeu-
+ou nou nqpovov+oi iy+epo xoi eIvoi nio euxoo ov+ixo+oo+oioi. Au+ ouv-
|q xoi o+qv nepIn+ooq +ov +qeqovixov xv+pov, nou q eiooyoyq +qeqovov,
qex+povixov unooyio+ov xoi oyioixou eni|ouv vo ouyxexpivo pu0
ouei o+ou epy+e x+i nou nv+o ouv|oive e +i qov o+qv xoni+oi-
o+ixq nopoyoyq: oe ov+I0eoq e +o nopoooiox epyoeIo nou eni+pnouv o+ov
epy+q vo oueuei e +ou ixou +ou pu0ou, oi qov on ve +ou eni|-
ouv vov ev+o+ix/(o0ev pu0 epyooIo yio v ou(q0eI q nopoyoyix+q+o.
Ynpouv uo eIq +qeqovixov xv+pov: exeIvo nou ono+eouv +qo io
ouyxexpivq e+oipIo xoi exeIvo nou nopouv unqpeoIe oe e e+oipIe un
opqq unepyoo|Io. EIvoi nou uoxoo vo ionio+o0eI nooi oxpi|o epy+e
oueuouv oe +qeqovix xv+po, eneiq ou+ ev ono+eouv vo (eopio+ +o-
o. Oi ex+iqoei yio +q Au+ixq Euponq iouv yio 1,5 exo+oupio epy+e, evo
yio +i qno o opi0 +ou xuoIve+oi on 2 o 5 exo+oupio. io nopeiyo,
o+qv oyyIo oi epy+e nou oueuouv oe +qeqovix xv+po eIvoi nepioo+epoi
on oou oueuouv o+i ou+oxivq+o|ioqovIe, +i ou|oupyIe xoi +o opueIo
ouvoix.
EIvoi oqov+ix vo +ovio+eI +i oi io0oI xoi oi ouv0qxe epyooIo ev eIvoi
Iio oe o +o +qeqovix xv+po: nopeI vo oueuei oe vo +qeqovix xv+po
20
nou eooi 400 +qeqovqo+o oe o+o ope, enovoo|vov+o ouveo +qv
Iio ioixooIo (n.. o+qv nopoyyeeioqqIo) nopeI o xoi vo eooi 20 +qe-
qovqo+o oe o+o ope (n.. o+qv +evixq unoo+qpi(q yio qex+povixou unooyi-
o+). Ynpouv qoq oqov+ix ioqoponoiqoei. Hop o ou+ eIvoi ev+u-
nooiox +i xoi o+i uo nepin+ooei q xivq+ix+q+o/evooyq +ov epyo+ov eIvoi
nou uqqq xoi ou+ yio+I ou+o q o eIvoi io |ope+q ouei, e qovonoi-
qvo pu0 xoi ouvneie o+qv uyeIo.
l+qv nepioq +ou Poup, oi ouei o+o +qeqovix xv+po 0eopouv+oi on
noou epy+e xou+epe on +i ouei o+i |ioqovIe, o+i e+oipIe xo0opi-
oou q o+o eo+io+pio. To epyo+ix uvoix +ov +qeqovixov xv+pov eIvoi qi-
xiox vo, e+o(u 20 xoi 40 e+ov, ov xoi o+o nepioo+epo xv+po oi epyoevoi
eIvoi yupo o+o 25, oe xnoie nepio opxe+oI on ou+ou eIvoi qoi+q+, +o 2/3
+ou epyo+ixou uvoixou eIvoi yuvoIxe, oi onoIe xo+oo|vouv xoi +i nov
oveiIxeu+e 0oei, evo nooI oueuouv un xo0eo+o epixq onooqoq
eneiq eIvoi opxe+ oyoe vo oueuei oe +qeqovix xv+po e xo0eo+o nq-
pou onooqoq q eneiq ono+eeI eu+epq ouei.
Hi0ovv 0o e+e oxouoei yio +qv eni+qpqoq +ov epyoevov o+o +qeqo-
vix xv+po, oo +q nqpoqopixq +evooyIo -epixoI io+o nepiypqouv
+o +qeqovix xv+po oov io quoxq. Av xoi ou+q q eni+qpqoq unpei, oi epy-
+e xo+oqpvouv +eix vo |pouv ixou +ou +pnou yio vo (equyouv on +ov
eyo. le o +o +qeqovix xv+po o+o onoIo ouqoe |pioxov +pnou
oo+e vo xvouv oono+, vo enex+eIvouv +o ioeIo+o, vo qv ov+oi +qe-
qovqo+o...
EIvoi on +o noponvo eqov +i oi nepioo+epoi epy+e o+o +qeqovi-
x xv+po ev +ou+Iov+oi e +qv ouei q +qv e+oipIo, on xivouv+oi on +q io
ouei o+qv q. Ae peie+oi vo +o oxeq+eI nou, ov |peI oou ouei e
uqq+epo io0 ono qeuyei: npxei+oi yio xivq+ix+q+o on enioyq. Eo
|pIoxe+oi xoi o eu+epo yo yio +qv eiqq ovoi+ov oixov oyovov, oqou oi
epy+e npo+iouv vo quyouv on +qv e+oipIo yio vo |pouv oou ouei un xo-
u+epe ouv0qxe nop vo oyovio+ouv yio vo |e+iooouv +i ouv0qxe exeI nou
qq oueuouv. 1+oi xi oio e |nouv vo |pIoxe+oi +o ov +ou o+o +qe-
qovix xv+po. Au+ on +q io eIvoi x+i enioqpo: nooI v0ponoi e |-
nouv nio +q ouei oov +o xv+po +q oq +ou.
An +qv q o, ou+q q ov+Iqqq oqoIvei no e oue+ouv oe ouo-
yixou oyove oo o+ou opou epyooIo. Ynqp(ov nv+o epix onepyIe
(uo+uo i o+qv nepioq o) o+qv British Telecom +o 1999 xoi o+qv Telecom
Italia +o 2001 xoi npoono0qooe vo npoue ouvev+eu(ei on epy+e nou ou-
e+eIov oe ou+. Au+ oi onepyIe o yivov oe opou nou unqpov qq
ouvix+o xo0o xoi io oe+ixq nopooq ouvixoio+ixov oyovov, on+e ev
(quyov yevix on +ov eyo +q ouvixoio+ixq qyeoIo.
21

Aqqvpq: Hpoon0qoe q kolinko vo qioupyqoei oixou oyove o+o +qeqo-
vix xv+po q on opxo+qxe oe io ouei nponoyvo; Hpoono0qoo+e vo p-
0e+e oe enoqq e ouvix+o q oe oe nou xovov nope|oei oo oe o-
pou epyooIo;
Poq: Hpo+ov, e 0eopoue +i eIvoi uvo+ vo qioupyqooue eeI oov oo
vov oix oyovo, on ev eIvoi x+i nou e(op++oi on e. Mnopo vo xo+o-
|o +qv unoo+qpi(q epyo+ov nou ouv qq (exivqoei vov oyovo. Aev eIvoi i-
x o po vo ne oe vo opo epyooIo xoi vo (exivqooue vov oyovo on
voi o.
Aeu+epov, oov oqop +o ouvix+o, o+q yepovIo, ou+ xupioex+ix ou-
vepyov+oi e +o oqev+ix o+q io+qpqoq +q xoni+oio+ixq ooq, +oi x0e
qop nou npoono0oue vo xvoue x+i oue onvov+I o uo e0pou: +o
oqev+ix xoi +ou ouvixoio+. Hv+o q epo+qoq eIvoi euo+oq, yio+I ouvov+q-
ooe xnoiou epy+e oo o+o +qeqovix xv+po nou q+ov np0uoi v oyovi-
o+ouv xoi oi |ooixoI +ou o+oi q+ov q |e+Iooq +ov ouv0qxov epyooIo, o+oi
ouvixoio+ixou opox+qpo. H ixq o 0oq nvo oe ou+ eIvoi +i opix npo-
+eIvoue oe ou+ou +ou epy+e v ou+oopyovooouv +ov oyovo +ou (o on +o
ouvix+o, evo eeI nopoue vo +ou unoo+qpI(oue oe 0o+o unooq. Ae
0oue o vo ie(youe +ov oyovo yio oyopioo +ou.
lno npoon0qoo vo e(qyqoo, q Iio q peuv o onooxonouoe o+qv ev-
uvooq +ov epyo+ov, xo0o nio+euoue no oo o+ou epyo+ixou oyove q-
ioupyouv+oi oi uvo++q+e/npoon+ix yio +o (enpooo +ou xoni+oioou. Au-
+ oinv nou npoono0oue vo xvoue +ov oipoue quio q ie e
+ou epy+e, eIvoi v onov+qooue o+o nou |pIoxe+oi q uvoq o. Ko+ +q yvo-
q o, q uvoq o e |pIoxe+oi o+o ouvix+o, o o+qv ou+oopyvooq +ov
oyovov xoi o+q ouoyixq npoon0eio eIooq +ov pu0ov epyooIo.
Axqovt: l+qv peuvo nou xvo+e unqpe xnoio (ex0opo o+o; Av unqpe
yiv+ov yvoo+ o+ou unoinou epyoevou nou oue+eIov o+qv peuvo; l
ou+ +o oqeIo voIo +i unpei xnoio xev on +qv nopouoIooq, ev xo+o|o
ov unqpe xnoio ooqq o+o nou voIo +i 0o |oq0ouoe oo+e q peuvo vo
ei xnoio ono+eoo.
Poq: loov oqop +o no nopouoioe +qv peuvo o+ou unoinou epyoe-
vou: no qop qoo+ov veonpooqq0v+e oI e exo+ov+e ou, on+e
ev nopouooe vo oue enio+oouvq oe onoiovqno+e on +qv npo+q o+iyq.
luvq0o ouq+ouooe e xnoiou epyoevou, +ou oipoe quio xoi
e+ noIpvoe ouvev+eu(ei, o ou+ e yiv+ov e ou, yio+I nv+o unqpov
22
epyoevoi nou 0o eionoiouoov +o oqev+ix, on+e nou ypqyopo 0o o on-
uov on +o +qeqovix xv+po. EnIoq, eneiq ev unqpov oixoI oyove oe
e(i(q, ovoyxoo+ix qoo+e nio eniquox+ixoI, yio+I oo nio oq+ixoI eIvoi oi
epyoevoi +oo nio nou noIpvoue xoi eeI 0ppo. loov oqop +opo +o ov
unqpe xnoio (ex0opo o+o, no eIno e oueuoe oi oe vo +qeqovi-
x xv+po. Aouqoe enI +pIo pvio oe exo+pIo +qeqovix xv+po, ouveno
ev unqpe xnoio ooqq o+o nou vo oqop vo ouyxexpivo +qeqovix x-
v+po. Hv+o xvoe ex +ov uo+pov io ovou+ixq ouq+qoq yi ou+ +o q+qo
yio+I oxeq+qxoe +i Ioo vo q+ov xou+epo ov e(opq nqyoIvoe oi yio ou-
ei oe vo +qeqovix xv+po. l+ov o (exivouooe +qv peuvo oxeq+qxoe
no 0o q+ov npo+i+epo vo npoue io yevixq eixvo yio +o +qeqovix xv+po,
yi ou+ eni(oe vo q ouqoue oi oe vo, o vo iou0oue.
To qui o, ex+ on yevix ovoqop, eIov vo +qo nou oqopou-
oe ouyxexpive xo+oo+oei nou ouv|oivov oe ouyxexpivo +qeqovix x-
v+po xoi opix o o+o q+ov vo npoxoooue io ioixooIo ouq+qoq
oveoo o+ou epy+e. H q exoq 0o q+ov vo ne oi oe vo +qeqovix
xv+po xoi vo 0ooue exeI vo ouyxexpivo epyooiox q+qo , eeI o eni-
(oe +qv npo+q exoq. 1+ov io enioyq nou npene vo xvoue npiv on +pIo
pvio.
Axqovt: Oi epyooiox ooei ev eIvoi nov o+o0ep, eIooi Iyou qve oe
io ouei xoi e+ no oe q, on+e oi epyoevoi ev evioqpov+oi yio +qv
ouei nou xvouv +q ouyxexpivq o+iyq yo ou+ov +ov ouv0qxov...
Xpo: Au+ ||oio opox+qpIei on noi +i epyooiox ooei o+qv eo,
xoi ei vo xvei xoi e unoxeievix |qei +ov epyo+ov: oqepo eIoi eo, ou-
pio 0o xvo xou+epq ouei. uuoix ou+q q ouv0qxq ono+eouoe xoi ono+eeI
+poonq o+qv opyvooq o+ou opou epyooIo.
Axqovt: lo ov oi Iioi oi epyoevoi ev evioqpov+oi yio +q ouei nou
xvouv, e 0o 0ouv no+ noi eIvoi q ioixooIo +q nopoyoyq xoi +oi e 0o
ouv vo nvo yio +o no 0o nopouoov vo o(ouv +o npyo+o o+o noIoio
io q xoivovIo. To eyou+epo np|qo ev eIvoi o Iio o xoni+oio,
eIvoi +i oi epy+e ev ouv xnoie |ooix op yio +o no 0o nopouoov vo
q+i(ouv io q xoivovIo. Xpeiooo+e io ouvoix+epq ov+Iqqq nou ev 0o
ei vo xvei e +qv xpi+ixq +ov ouv0qxov epyooIo, o e +o no 0o nopouoe
vo opyovo0eI q Iio q nopoyoyq, x+i nou xovvo o ev yvopIei... Oeopo +i
ev ei qioupyq0eI io ouvoixq ov+Iqqq yio +qv nopoyoyq. MnopeI vo unp-
ei ieooyIo, o ev unpei io ouvoixq ov+Iqqq yio +q ioixooIo +q no-
poyoyq, vo ioqope+ix xoi ov+oyovio+ix +pno oe ooq e +ov unpo-
v+o. Koi ov ev unp(ei ou+, +eix ev nopeI vo +unqoei +ov xoni+oio.
23
Poq: Eo+iooe o+o +qeqovix xv+po eneiq qoo+e io ixpq oo xoi
eneiq o+q ouyxexpivq nepioq unqpov npo no. Aqe+pou, q epyo+ixq
peuvo ei vqo vo o+o |o0 nou yIve+oi oe ouvepyooIo e e oe xoi
oe ou epyooioxou opou/+oeI nopoyoyq oo+e vo yIve+oi io ouvoixq
npoon0eio, ev |noue qoq +o +qeqovix xv+po oov +o xv+po +ou x-
oou.
EnIoq, eniioxov+o +qv enovo+ooq, (exive on +qv nepioq nou ou-
e xoi npoono0oue vo xo+ovoqooue exeI +ou +o(ixou oyove. EIoe, yio no-
peiyo, enoq e io oo epyoo+ooioxov epyo+ov on +qv i+oIo, nou ou-
euov oe ixp |ioqovIe yupo on +q Mnoovio, on+e o+oeuooe o+qv
unop(q io enixoivovIo e epy+e on ou opou epyooIo xoi o+qv uio0-
+qoq io ouvoixq npooyyioq. Aqioupyqooe oxo io io+ooeIo yio vo i-
euxouv0eI q ov+ooyq +ov eneipiov xoi oyovov oe iqope nepio, oe+ix
e +o +qeqovix xv+po...
loov oqop +o q+qo +q q +ou+ioq e +q ouei xoi +q yvoio +q
nopoyoyixq ioixooIo, 0eopoue +i oo ev unpei vo enovoo+o+ix xIvq-
o, io oIo0qoq xoivou oyovo, no ouv|oive o+i exoe+Ie +ou 60 xoi +ou 70,
oi npoe+pioi ev ouv io ov+Iqqq yio +o ov. K+i nou, xo+ +qv yvoq
o, |yoIvei oo on +ov oyovo. l+qv Kev+pixq Euponq o oi +o(ixoI oyove
+q +eeu+oIo exoe+Io q+ov xupIo ouv+ixoI oyove, qoq oyove uneponi-
oq +ov 0oeov epyooIo. Ko0o oi oyove ou+oI eIvoi ouv+ixoI, eIvoi uoxoo vo
npoxuqei io ov+Iqqq yio +o ov. Oo nopouooe vo oooue eeI io npoo-
n+ixq o+ou oyovievou epy+e, o ou+ 0o q+ov io xIvqoq on +o (o,
nou ev 0o eIe xovvo vqo.
Au+ nou nopoue vo xvoue eIvoi vo xoi+(oue +ou oyove nou unp-
ouv, |noue n.. +ou npoqo+ou oyove o+qv opyev+ivq q +ou oyove o+q
yoIo +ou 95 evv+io o+o ooqoio+ix, xoi vo nopouoiooue ou+ou +ou oyo-
ve o+ou npoe+piou Ivov+ +ou +oi nopoeIyo+o oyovo. vopIo +i oi
oqepiv nepio+oei eIvoi uoxoe, ev unpei enovoo+o+ix xIvqo xoi ou+
o qpvei oe io xo+o+ooq oqq. io e nou oue xnoie ioqope+ix
ov+iqqei, nou oue +qv eni0uIo vo yIvouv oyove, noIvei oinv o neipoo
vo yIvoue ox+i|io+. A +oi xo+oqyei vo vei +o pvo oou xoi vo qv
npoe+oieooi ooo+ yio +ou oyove nou pov+oi. Au+q +q o+iyq o+o o
eIvoi v ovon+u(oue e0ou oyovo xoi epyoeIo ovuoq, yio vo nopooue
vo ei+oupyqooue enoixooq+ix oo oe vo vo xIvqo, +ov ou+ (exivqoei .
l+ov (exIvqoe q epyo+ixq peuvo on +qv oo looioio q Bop|op-
+q+o o+q yoIo xoi on +o nepioix Quaderni Rossi o+qv i+oIo, unqpe vo -
oo oveoo o+o xoouvio+ix xo+o, oe ou+ou nou 0eopouoov +i ov+inpo-
ooneuov +qv epyo+ixq +(q, xoi +qv Iio +qv epyo+ixq +(q. H ou+oonoxoouevq
npo+onopIo ev q(epe +i oxq+ov+ov xoi +i ouq+ouoov oi Iioi oi epy+e. To ne-
pioix Quaderni Rossi, npoon0qoe v onox+qoei io oq0ivq yvooq yio ,+i
npoyo+ix ouv|oive o+ou opou epyooIo. Apo oinv, q epyo+ixq peuvo
24
ono+eeI xoi oqepo io npxqoq-npoxqoq yio +ou epy+e vo xvouv io
npoon0eio vo xo+o|ouv oi Iioi +qv xo+o+ooq +ou.
Itvvq: Au+ nou xo+o|o eIvoi +i q epyo+ixq peuvo oooeI+oi xupIo e
,+i yIve+oi oo o+o opo epyooIo xoi i yevix e +qv xo0qepiv+q+o, +qv ixo-
vonoIqoq +ov ovoyxov, +qv xo0qepivq oq xoi no ou+ ouvov+oi e oyove
nou ouv yIvei o+o neIo +ou xoivovixou xp+ou, no n.. oi oyove +ov ovp-
yov o+q yoIo q +ov yuvoixov xoi +ov oupov +q exoe+Io +ou 70. lno 0o +o
0e+o eyo, oqop q epyo+ixq peuvo xoi oyove (o on +o opo epyooIo;
Poq: Ko+ op q xo0qepivq eneipIo eIvoi ouvoixq, q epyo+ixq +(q ev
unpei vo oo o+o opo epyooIo, q+ivei ooei oo o+qv xo0qepiv+q-
+o, o+q yei+ovi. 1+oi eeI e eoo+e vo ioopio nopoyoyixq/q nopo-
yoyixq epyooIo. Ev+onIoue ||oio ioqop oveoo o+ou +pnou ouveupe-
oq +ov ov0ponov. l+o opo epyooIo ou|oIvei oinv +o e(q: +o Iio +o xeq-
oio oe qpvei exeI, oe opyovovei un ouyxexpivou xoni+oio+ixou pou, oe
ovoyxei vo yvopio+eI e +ou unoinou epy+e xoi vo ouvepyoo+eI oI
+ou, o oo on +qv Iio +qv xoni+oio+ixq opyvooq +q epyooIo Ive+oi q
uvo++q+o v ov+io+pqei ou+q +q ouvepyooIo evv+io o+ou xoni+oio+, vo
pqoionoiqoei +o no nou pqoionoieI +o xeqoio evov+Iov oou xoi ou+ vo
yIvei q uvoq oou.
Oi vepyoi o e ouvov+iouv+oi xnou ouyxexpivo, e ouv onopoI+q+o
o+qv Iio yei+ovi, ou+e vouv ex+ epyooIo onopoI+q+o +o Iio povix io+q-
o. D ex +ou+ou eIvoi nio uoxoo vo opyovo0ouv oi epy+e yupo on +o q+qo
+q ovepyIo. Hop+i unpouv oqepo 5.000.000 vepyoi o+q yepovIo, ev
unpei xIvqo ovpyov. Av io|oo+e o+i eqqepIe yio xIvqo ovpyov o+q
yepovIo, vo eIo+e oIyoupoi +i npxei+oi yio ypoqeioxp+e vepyou ! Avqe-
po npiv +i unpei io xo+o+ooq ouveou xivq+ix+q+o on ouei oe ou-
ei, ie yio vov xoo nou oueuei oqepo o+o +qeqovix xv+po, 0o |pe-
0eI oupio o+qv ovepyIo xoi e+ oe io q ouei, po +o q+qo +ou xoivovi-
xou xp+ou, eqoov eIvoi e(op+qvoi on +o enIoo ovepyIo, eIvoi vo oqo-
v+ix q+qo. To yuvoixeIo q+qo eIvoi nou oqov+ix, yio+I +o 2/3 +ov epyo-
evov o+o +qeqovix xv+po eIvoi yuvoIxe. To q+qo +q xo+oixIo eIvoi enIoq
oqov+ix, ov xoi o+qv nepioq o +o np|qo +ov evoixIov ev eIvoi +oo v+o-
vo. Hop+i enixev+poooe o+qv epyooIo o+o +qeqovix xv+po ev opvouoo+e
+q oqooIo ov ou+ov +ov q+q+ov. lo ev (exivqooe xnoio epyo+ixq
peuvo oe+ix e ou+ oqou ev oue npoo+ o ouyxexpivou oyove,
n.. ev unpei no noi+epo vo xIvqo xo+oqqeov o+q yepovIo oo o+o
onoIo vo (exivqoei io ioixooIo peuvo.
Xpo: Ev+(ei, oi vepyoi e ouvov+iouv+oi...oi epyoevoi o+o +qeqovix x-
v+po unoypqouv o+oixq q ouoyixq ou|ooq, ouoyixq e +q o+evq vvoio,
25
qoq o unqoi ouyxexpivou +qeqovixou xv+pou, q e +qv eupeIo vvoio,
qoq eIvoi xoi ou+oI +qo +ou ouvou +ov unoqov io +pneo o noue,
q io q onoiooqno+e enieIpqoq;
Itmpyo: EvvoeI +i +o o+oix ou|oio eIvoi vo np|qo yio +q ouveupeoq
+ou...
Poq: Aev unpouv ou+q +q o+iyq yevix ouoyix ou|oei epyooIo yio
ou oou epyov+oi o+o +qeqovix xv+po, unpouv o ouoyix ou-
|oei xo+ enieIpqoq. io nopeiyo o+i e+oipeIe nou oueqo noipvov oi
+ov Iio io0, ev unqpov o+oix ou|oei epyooIo on +qv noqq +ou i-
o0ou...
Xpo: Mnopouoov o vo |pe0ouv ou+oI; Knou oi oI; l+ov +unve
xp+o q oe vo ieio;
Aoovq: Aoueuov o+ov Iio opo, pe lnupo...
Xpo: Noi, unpei xnoio opo nou vo +ou evovei on npiv;
Itmpyo: NoIo no ei onov+qoei oe ou+... eIvoi ou+ nou eIne npiv +ov qe-
pe oe ov+inop0eoq +ou epyoevou nou +ou opyovovei +o xeqoio o+o opo
epyooIo xoi +ou vepyou nou ev nopouv vo ouvov+q0ouv.
Aoovq: Oo vo xvo uo epo+qoei. H npo+q epo+qoq eIvoi q e(q: eIne
npiv +i ouv yIvei xnoie np(ei oono+ o+o +qeqovix xv+po q +i, +o
nv+ov, nop +q o+evq eni+qpqoq, eIov |pe0eI xnoioi +pnoi vo oopovei o
pu0 +q ouei. Oo q0eo vo o ooei xnoio nopoeIyo+o, ov yIve+oi...
Poq: Hpnei vo xvoue io ixpioq oveoo o+i o+oix xoi +i ouoyix
evpyeie oono+. Oi o+oix evpyeie q+ov nio no on +i ouoyix. l+o
nepioo+epo +qeqovix xv+po ouv vo ouo+qo xo+oypoqq evepyeiov, no
n.. ov npoono0qoei vo xqei x+i e +ov unooyio+q q ov no yio xo+oupqo, q
noq opo 0o xvei o+o +qqovo...on+e npnei vo 0ei +ou xoixou ou+ou
+ou ouo+qo+o oo+e Ivov+o 0o xoixou vo qv nopouv vo oe ev+onIoouv.
l vo ouyxexpivo +qeqovix xv+po oi epyoevoi eIov |peI io ioi-
xooIo o+ov unooyio+q nou xove o +o ouo+qo vo xo+oppeuoei yio io opo, o
vo o eIov |peI +pno vo nopoxoou0eI xnoio +o +qqovo +ov unooInov
yio vo nopouv ou+oI vo xvouv ieio. Ynqpov xoi team leaders (npoo+e-
voi) nou o eyov vo eyoue o+qv o0vq n+e q+vei xoivoupyio xqoq xoi ov
|noue +i xnoio ev eIvoi onoooqvo vo +ou Ivoue +qv xqoq, o xo-
veI ev evioqp0qxe vo xvei x+i ++oio! EnIoq oe xnoio +qeqovix xv+po
26
q+ov onopoI+q+q q pqoq +ou Iv+epve+ yio +qv oveupeoq nqpoqopiov, on+e no-
oI epyoevoi pqoionoiouoov +o Iv+epve+ +qv opo +q ouei yio vo o+-
vouv e-mail xoi vo nivouv xou|v+o e +ou qIou +ou...
Hv+o oe onoioqno+e ouei, oe oixooq q oe epyoo+oio, 0o |pei +-
+oiou +pnou vo xvei oono+, oi oi epyoevoi |pIoxouv +pnou yio v
ov+io+o0ouv. To oono+ o ei inq qq: on +q io epi qovepovei +q ou-
yxpouoq e +qv enieIpqoq, +o iopxq ov+oyovio oveoo o+ov ex|ioo vo
oueuei yio +o xpq +ou oqev+ixou xoi o+q ixq oou eni0uIo vo oueuei iy-
+epo, o on +qv q epi eIvoi xoi ei+oupyix yio +qv enieIpqoq, yio+I ov e
|pei vo ix oou pu0 yio vo ex+eoei +i iqope epyooIe, eIvoi nou ni0o-
v vo qv nopeI vo yIvei xov q ouei. Aqoq ei+oupyeI xoi oov ou+oppu0ioq
+q xoni+oio+ixq epyooIo. Enovo +o oono+ eIvoi x+i 0e+ix +ov yIve-
+oi, o on vo +ou e o oqyeI o+o (enpooo +ou xoni+oio+ixou xoou,
ei +o pi +ou...
Aoovq: H eu+epq epo+qoq oqop +o e(q: eIne npiv +i opxe+ xoo
nou oueuei o+o +qeqovix xv+po eIvei io euxoIo o+o vo nqyoIvei on +o
vo +qeqovix xv+po o+o o, vo qv x0e+oi nou xoip oe io ouei. MIq-
oe +o nv+ov yio +qv xivq+ix+q+o ou+ov +ov epyo+ov. Eneiq ou+ ouvov+i-
+oi xoi o+qv eo, xoi eIvoi x+i nou yevix o npo|qo+Iei, 0o vo po+qoo:
no |ne+e ou+q +qv xivq+ix+q+o, +q |ne+e oov x+i nou npoxun+ei on +qv
epyo+ixq unoxeievix+q+o q +qv |ne+e nepioo+epo oov vo ex|ioo nou pe-
+oi on +o nvo xoi yIve+oi +o nv+ov onoex+; OeopeI+e +i eIvoi io ou-
nepiqop xo0op npoe+opioxq q +i ei nov npei vov opox+qpo ex|io-
oou on +o oqev+ix; Koi oqou ionio+ooo+e +i q xivq+ix+q+o ono+eoe x-
noiou eIou np|qo o+qv nop|ooq oo o+o +qeqovix xv+po, xvo+e x-
noie oxqei nvo oe ou+: no nopeI qoq vo (enepoo+eI ou+ +o q+qo; EI-
o+e xnoie oxqei, npo|qo+ioou;
Itvvq: EvvoeI oe+ix e +o q+qo +q opyvooq o+ou opou ouei;
Aoovq: Noi, evvoo +q ooq opyvooq-xivq+ix+q+o, qoq oqou ou+oI
ionIo+ooov +i unpei np|qo e ou+q +q ouv0qxq, +o ouq+qoov;
Poq: Hpo+o on o, yio +qv xivq+ix+q+o iououv xoi +o uo. Aqoq, eIvoi oq
ev io xqpooq npoe+opioxq unoxeievix+q+o, on +q exoe+Io +ou 70
unqpe vo xo+i epyo+ov o+q yepovIo nou opvq0qxe +i ouv0qxe epyooIo
no unqpov (ev q0ee yio nopeiyo vo oueuei o+opo q vo oueuei ou-
veo o+qv Iio ouei) o on +qv q +o xeqoio pqoionoIqoe ou+q +qv
eni0uIo +ov npoe+piov yio vo qioupyqoei ve ooei epyooIo, no n.. +q
epixq onooqoq. H xivq+ix+q+o pqoionoiq0qxe enIoq yio vo ioonoo+eI oe
x0e enieIpqoq o nupqvo +ov epyo+ov nou q+ov opyovovoi xoi eIov xnoiov
27
eyo nvo o+i ouv0qxe ouei. Oeopoue nv+o +i q xivq+ix+q+o eIvoi
+ou+povo vo no evv+io o+ou epy+e o xoi vo oo yio vo oueuei i-
y+epo...
Aoovq: A +o io+unooo oio: oi epy+e nou ouvov+qoo+e o+o +qeqovi-
x xv+po no +o oio0vov+ov, oov enioyq +ou q oov eni|oq;
Poq: Ynqpov uo ioqope+ix nepIooi. Ynqpe opix io nepIoo ovn+u-
(q yio +o +qeqovix xv+po, nou euxoo nqyoive on +q io ouei o+qv q
xoi nopouoe o xo0vo vo ioyei, on+e q ounepiqop +ov epyo+ov onvov+i
o+qv xivq+ix+q+o q+ov nio 0e+ixq. l+ov o (exIvqoe q xpIoq +q vo oixovo-
Io +o 2000 xoi xeioov no +qeqovix xv+po, +o npyo+o yivov nio u-
oxoo, on+e unqp(e xoi io ooyq o+q ounepiqop +ov epyo+ov. io nopeiy-
o, o+q ixq o nepioq, +qv nepIoo +q ovn+u(q, nqyoIvov+o o+o +qeqovi-
x xv+po unypoqe ou|ooq oopIo+ou pvou nop+i ev eve exeI nvo on
vo pvo, o +opo, oe nepIoo xpIoq, oi nepioo+epoi npoono0ouv vo xpo+q-
oouv onooqno+e io ouei ov eIvoi xno xo nqpovq.
le ooq +opo e +o q+qo +q opyvooq xoi +q xivq+ix+q+o, eeI ev
eni0uoue vo o+qooue io opyvooq yio oyopioo +ov epyo+ov, o +o op-
yovo+ix q+qo o +I0e+oi eoo, qoq no nopouv oi Iioi oi epy+e vo ou-
veupe0ouv oe ouv0qxe uqqq xivq+ix+q+o. 1vo nopeiyo nou nopeI vo qo-
veI pqoio eIvoi q nepIn+ooq +ov IWW (Industrial Workers of the World) o+qv
oepixq o+i op +ou 20ou oiovo. 1+ov io vooq epyo+ov nou npopov+ov
on no ioqope+ix ope xoi q+ov nou xivq+ixoI, oueuov yio Iyo xoip
oe vo epyoo+oio xoi e+ nqyoivov oe o, evo ouv ouoov o+qv unoi0po.
Mnopoue vo 0oue no on ou+q +qv eneipIo. 1vo o nopeiyo: o+q
yoIo oi voooxe xoi oi qop+qyo+qe eIov qioupyqoei, o+o noIoio ev
oyovo, Ix+uo poq o e+ nqpov +qv onqooq vo iouoouv ou+ +o Ix+uo
yio+I oio0vov+ov +i e+ +qv q(q +ou oyovo 0o e+o+pnov+ov oe vov 0eoix
opyovio. lxon o eIvoi q nepiypoqq xoi q nopouoIooq ++oiov oyovov o+ou
npoe+piou.
1vo oxq yevix oio: oe x0e oyovo, oov oo xoi oov (eopio+ +o-
o, oue vov in po. Aqev o epy+e xoi oqe+pou o enovoo++e.
EeI ev+onIoue ou+v +o po o+o vo oue+oue oo o+ou epyo+ixou oyo-
ve, o +qv Iio o+iyq vo ooxoue xpi+ixq oe ou+ou +ou oyove o+q |oq io
enovoo+o+ixq npoon+ixq. En ou+ou ioqovqooe e +ou ovopoouvixoio+,
yio +ou onoIou +o xev+pix q+qo eIvoi q opyvooq, +o ouvix+o, evo yio e
+o xev+pix ev eIvoi q opyvooq o o Iio o oyovo oo ioixooIo. Aev eIo-
o+e unp io viq opyovo+ixq opqq, o nepioo+epo unp io nop-
|ooq oe io ovoi+q ioixooIo oyovo.
Itvvq: OeopeI +i npnei on vo xpi+ixpoue +ou oyove +ov epyo+ov q +i
28
0o npnei vo npoo0oue xoi xnoie ouyxexpive npo+o|ouIe oe ooq e
npyo+o nou 0o nopouoov vo npoo0qoouv +ov oyovo +ou noponpo;
Poq: io e +o opix xoi +o oqov+ix+epo q+qo eIvoi q xo+pyqoq +q xo-
ni+oio+ixq ooq ouvoix. On+e o+o yo nou exqpoue oo oe xnoiou
oyove |youe o+qv eniqveio ou+qv +qv opyq evv+io o+ov xoni+oio. Koi
no qop pqoionoioue vov unoxeievix yo o+o qui o. io no-
peiyo, oe vo quio yio +o mac donalds -xnoioi on e epyov+oi oe
++oiou opou xoi npoqo+o unqpe io xivq+onoIqoq o+qv nepioq o- yp-
qoe unoxeievix io+opIe ix o xoi ov epyo+ov nou e(qpoov ou+qv
+qv opyq onvov+i o+qv xoni+oio+ixq ooq.
An +qv q, e 0eopoue +i npnei vo oqo+Iooue eeI xnoio oi+q-
o+o xoi vo +o nopouoiooue o+ou epy+e. Av vo oI+qo yevvq0eI oo on
vov oyovo nopoue vo ouq+qooue nvo o ou+, o ev eIvoi o po o vo
|oue oi+qo+o.
Itvvq: Me ou+v +ov +pno o |ei io ioopio+ixq ypoq oveoo
o+ou epy+e xoi +ov eou+ oou. An +q o+iyq nou xo+e|oIvei oe vov epyo+ix
oyovo ev npnei xoi vo +ov ouvioopqovei; Aev nopo vo xo+o|o no no-
peI vo oue+ei oe vov oyovo opI vo +ov ouvioopqovei, e +o q|o +i
0o +ov xo0oqyqoei...
Itmpyo: Aqoq oue+ei o+ov oyovo yov+o: yio+I ev xvoue o/ot eei
ou+, xoi i yio+I ev xve+e ecei ou+.
Poq: Hpo+o on o, +o quio +o ypqoue o epy+e xoi i o io (o-
0ev opyvooq. Aev eIoo+e io opyvooq on +o (o, eIoo+e io xoex+I|o
epyo+ov. i ou+ +o yo, xo+ +q ipxeio oyovov q ov e(eI(eov, ev oneu-
0uvoo+e no+ oe o+u eeI xoi eoeI. Au+ ev +o xvoue. Ou+o q o
e 0eopoue +i +o ou+oI unpei. Moo oe vov oyovo unpouv ioqope+ix
+oei xoi ooonoiqoei. l+ov |pIoxeooi oe vov epyooiox opo xoi 0e vo op-
yovooei io xivq+onoIqoq, 0o ei +i unpouv xoi ou+oI nou e 0ouv vo x-
vouv +Ino+o, unpouv xoi oi xooI qIoi +ou oqev+ixou e oi ounepiqop.
An +qv q neup yio e, +o oI+qo, o o+o ev oyovo ev eIvoi npoyo+i-
x oqov+ix. MnopeI vo unp(ei io ou+voq onepyIo yio vo eupo noponvo
xoi ou+ eIvoi xou+epo on io onepyIo +ou ouvix+ou yio eIxooi eupo nopon-
vo. Aev eIvoi +o oI+qo nou ei oqooIo, o +o un|o0po +ou oyovo: no xo-
vov +ov oyovo, no oeu+qxov, (enepo+qxov ioopiooI no n.. e+o(u eii-
xeuvov xoi oveiIxeu+ov epyo+ov; Au+ eIvoi oi ioixooIe nou eeI 0eopou-
e oqov+ix. 1, o+qv nepIn+ooq nou unpei vo oyovo e+ovoo+ov epyo+ov,
npoono0oue vo e(qyqooue +i xoi ou+oI eIvoi po +q epyo+ixq +(q. Au+
eIvoi +o oqov+ix q+qo+o e +o onoIo eeI oooouoo+e xoi i e +q io+u-
29
nooq xnoiou ouyxexpivou oi+qo+o. l+qv npoyo+ix+q+o e o nouevio-
qpei +o ouyxexpivo oI+qo.
Itvvq: lo no qop o+ou oyove +o ouoioo+ix ev eIvoi vo 0oei vo
oI+qo, o ov nopeI vo npoo0qoei io xo+eu0uvoq, n.. oov oqop +o q+q-
o +ou ovoIyo+o ev oyovo npo +o (o: unpouv io+opix nopoeIyo+o oe-
+ix e +q opev e+oqop xoou on +ou oqyou eoqopeIov o+q ipxeio
+q onepyIo +ou. Au+ eIvoi vo npox+ix npyo nou nopeI vo npoo0qoei
xo+ +q ipxeio ev oyovo.
Itmpyo: Koi xnoioi np+eivov vo yIvei ou+, ev yive ou+o+o.
Poq: Tqv np+ooq vo qv nqpovei xnoio o+o eoqopeIo e peie+oi vo +qv
xvei vo +ov unpei xnoio oyovo nopeI vo +o xvei ov noo o+iyq.
Hpiv on uo e|oe qouv o+q l+oxq, nou yiv+ov io onepyIo +ov oq-
yov +ou e+p e +q opqq +q eIooq +ou pu0ou epyooIo. Tqv Iio o+iyq,
unqpe exeI xoo nou xove io xonvio unp +q eIooq +q +iq +ov eioi-
+qpIov, yio+I ou+q +qv enoq 0ouv vo iio+ixonoiqoouv +o e+p. 1+oi, nou x-
oo pqoionoiouoe +o e+p opev. uuoix xoi eIvoi xo nou qp0ov xov+ oi
uo ou+oI oyove. Aev o xnoio np|qo e ou+. 1oo ev xo+o|o xo +i
q0ee vo nei. No +i e 0o xvoe eeI: vo unpei vo oyovo yio +q eIooq
+ou epyoiou pvou n.. o+i 30 ope xoi eeI vo yoe +o Iio q vo io+uno-
voe xnoio o nopoio oI+qo. To nopeiyo nou qepe ev q+ov nou xo-
.
Itmpyo: Mov o Poq evvoeI vo oI+qo nou 0o npoono0ouoe vo xouqei +ou
nv+e.
Kmovo: Oo q0eo xoi eyo vo +ou 0oo vo epo+qo. lue+o oe io oo
nou npoono0eI vo nop|ei oe epyooioxou opou xoi eIvoi evioqpov vo ouvo-
v+ei xoveI ov0ponou e +ou onoIou oipe+oi xoiv 0eopq+ix oqe+qpIe
vo eIvoi ou+.
1vo eu+epo ei ooq e +qv onoeiIxeuoq nou nopo+qpqoe o+o +qeqovi-
x xv+po. Oi ve +evooyIe ouv ou|ei oe ou+qv +qv onoeiIxeuoq oe n-
po noou epyooioxou opou, o noue o+o opo +ou enopIou, +ou |i|Iou
x..n. Av o+o0oue yio nopeiyo o+o opo +ou |i|Iou, iie +I+oi |i|Iov
on iqopou exo+ixou oIxou ouv +unonoiq0eI e +q pqoq +ov unooyio+ov
xoi ov qvei xnoiov ouyxexpivo +I+o q ex+q, nopeI oo io onq
ovoq+qoq vo +o |pei. Au+ eIvoi onoeiIxeuoq, o +ou+povo vo eyo
xo+i +ov epyoovov, nou npiv ev eIe xoIo ooq e +i ve +evooyIe,
ovoyxe+oi vo p0ei oe io enoqq e +i ve ou+ +evooyIe xoi epix qop
vo +i o(ionoiqoei xoi npo ixq +ou pqoq. EeI voIoue +i oe noiou epyo-
30
oioxou opou unpei Iv+epve+, q ou+oo(ionoIqoq xoi q enovoixeionoIqoq oou-
+ou +ou opou ouei eIvouv +o i++ po nou noIouv oi ve +evooyIe
o+ov epyooiox opo. 1vo nopeiyo, eIvoi ou+.
1vo eu+epo nopeiyo, on +ov epyooiox opo nou eIoi +opo eyo, eIvoi
ou+ o xo+oxepo+io xoi q nouionooq nou npoovoqpoe. l+o ix ou
epyooiox opo eIoo+e nooI epyoevoi xoi unpouv iqope xo+qyopIe:
unpouv xnoioi e ou|oei oopIo+ou pvou, unpouv ou+oI nou oueuouv
e ou|oei pyou xoi unpei +o npooonix ooqeio xoi xo0opi+q+o nou
ouoioo+ix eIvoi enevoixioevo epyo+ix uvoix, qoq oueuei oe e
e+oipeIe xoi ono eni+eeI vo pyo o+o opo epyooIo. To epo+qo eIvoi +o
e(q: ou+q q nouionooq, o xo+oxepo+io xoi q ovooqeio nou qioupyeI-
+oi oo on +qv eni|oq +q ouv0qxq +q ouveou epyooioxq nepinvqoq -
nou ouqovo, ov xo+o|o xo no +o |oe npiv o Anoo+q, +i nov ev
eIvoi io enioyq ev xoo+iou +q epyo+ixq +(q no noi+epo o io
enioyq +ou xeqooIou, oov vo vo +pno exe+euoq- qno qioupyeI
io vo epyo+ixq xoiv+q+o nou nio ouvoixq xoi ieupuvq on +i noi+epe
epyo+ix xoiv+q+e nou eIoe yvopIoei o+o qopv+ix ov+o nopoyoyq;
Itmpyo: EvvoeI +i q Iio q ioixooIo +q nopoyoyq qioupyeI io ++oio
xoiv+q+o;
Kmovo: Noi, voi, q yevixeuvq xo+o+ooq ovooqeio, nepinvqoq...
Itvvq: Koiv+q+o ouv0qxov +oi;
Kmovo: Noi, xoiv+q+o ouv0qxov. O o oueuei... o vo q iqoo yio -
ov. Eyo nou o+q ouei ou eIoi e ou|ooq oopIo+ou pvou vio0o npo nou
xov+ e ou+v nou oueuei e ou|ooq pyou xi o eIoo+e +unix ioopio-
voi... Koi vo +eeu+oIo. Evo o +pno ouei +ou ou 0uqoe npo nou +qv
ICO, on oo (po on xnoio npyo+o nou o io|oei xoi o ei. To epo+q-
o nopovei, nqxe eo xoi on ou ouv+pqou, xoi oqop +ou you nou
ioqovouv oi ouv+poqoi on +q yepovIo o+o vo noyiovov+oi opq opyvooq
+ov ev unpei oyovo. Avqepov +i ou+ oi opq nopeI o+q ipxeio +ou
oyovo vo eIvoi pioonoo+ix, n.. eni+pon |oq, o +ov nopovouv xoi
e+ +ou oyove oqooiovov+oi on +o ouo+qo. Hopo ou+, ev unpei ov-
yxq ouooopeuoq +ov nio ouveiq+ov -ev pqoionoio +q (q npo+onpov yio
vo qv nope(qyq0o- xoo+iov +q epyo+ixq +(q nou eIvoi nio enovoo+o+ix;
Aev unpei ovyxq ouooopeuoq ou+ou +ou evepyq+ixou, ou+q +q eneipIo;
Au+ +o uo, +Ino+e o.
Itmpyo: EIne ouooopeuoq;
31
Kmovo: Noi, ouooopeuoq xoi ouveupeoq, opyvooq...
Poq: le+ix e +o npo+o oqeIo, voIo +i q ioixooIo onoeiIxeuoq +q ep-
yooIo ei nv+o uo qei yio+I, no e(qyqoo, q nepIn+ooq +ov +qeqovixov
xv+pov ono+eoe io enI0eoq o+q 0oq +ov epyo+ov ypoqeIou. A oi epy+e
ypoqeIou, +ouio+ov o+q yepovIo, eIov io enoyyeo+ixq +ou++q+o, 0o une-
poonIov+ov +qv e+oipeIo +ou x..n. , qoq |pIoxov+ov qq oo o+o noIoio
+q xoni+oio+ixq epyooIo. H onoeiIxeuoq oqoIvei +opo +i yIvov+oi oveiI-
xeu+oi epy+e, nou ov ouv +qv +oq vo nqyoIvouv npo on +o pio +q ep-
yooIo. 1+oi, ev ei vqo vo +ooxovoo+e yio +o ov q onoeiIxeuoq eIvoi
npyo+i x+i xox ou+ eIvoi noo+ Iqo. le ou+q +qv onoeiIxeuoq |no
nepioo+epe ni0ov+q+e ovn+u(q vov oyovov.
loov oqop +o eu+epo oqeIo yio +qv +evooyIo. uuoix xoi oi epy+e
o0oIvouv vo pqoionoiouv +qv +evooyIo yio +i ix +ou ovyxe, no xoi
+o nopeiyo e +ou epyoevou nou pqoionoiouv +o Iv+epve+ yio vo xou|e-
v+iouv e +ou qIou +ou ev opo epyooIo, nou ovqepo npoqyouvo. EeI
xvoue xpi+ixq o+qv +evooyIo, yio+I unpei io +oq vo 0eopoue +i npnei
on vo xo+o|oue +i e+oipeIe xoi vo pqoionoiqooue +qv Iio +evooyIo
e xoouvio+ix +pno. EeI 0eopoue +i ou+ ev nopeI vo ei ono+eoo.
Aev nopoue on vo xvoue xo+qqq +ov +evooyixov oov, yio+I eIvoi ou-
+ +o Iio xoni+oio+ix. Au+ ||oio e oqoIvei +i oi epy+e e o0oIvouv vo
pqoionoiouv +qv +evooyIo.
le ooq e +o +pI+o oqeIo, |no io ioqop e+o(u +q opyvooq nou
eqovIe+oi o+q ipxeio +ov oyovov xoi oo o+ou oyove, xoi +ov opqov op-
yvooq nou eeI o enovoo++e npnei vo ovon+u(oue. lIyoupo, npnei vo
unpei io ov+ooyq eneipiov e+o(u oov on iqope ope xoi ouyxpi-
oq ov+Io+oiov xo+oo+oeov. Mie yio vo Ix+uo ouoyixo+q+ov xoi i yio
io xev+pixq opyvooq. Au+ eIvoi oi uo neup on +q io, vo |nei +ou
oyove xoi vo o0oIvei oo on +ou oyove xoi on +qv q vo +Iei vo I-
x+uo oov xoi ouoyixo+q+ov nou ouvoiouv xpi+ix yio +qv xo+o+ooq +ov
+o(ixov oyovov. Au+ oo+e eIvoi xoi o yo nou eIoi eo onqe.
Mtq: Aoinv, eyo 0o q0eo vo xvo epix ypqyope xoi ixp epo+qoei
yio vo o io eixvo. Ko+opqv, noo +oo eIvoi, ov eIvoi qoq io nounq-
0q oo.
Poq: EIoo+e xo +oo. Koi noe yuvoIxe unpouv o+qv oo; Hv+e.
Itmpyo: Hv+e; Koq ovooyIo...
Poq: Hou oouvq0io+o.
32
Mtq: Aeu+epov, ov e+ +o ono+eoo +q peuv +ou ouv nov ono-
x+qoei eoou e +ou epy+e o+o +qeqovix xv+po, ove(p+q+o on +o ov
ouv yIvei q i oix xivq+onoiqoei, ov ouv xnoie enoq.
Poq: Axo oue enoq. Knoioi on e oxo oueuouv oe +qeqovix
xv+po. Eyo o oxo enoqq e xoo o+qv i+oIo, xoi o+q yepovIo exeI nou
oueqo. Oi enoq |ooIov+oi enIoq nou o+i qiIe ... Koi xnoioi o o+-
vouv nqpoqopIe +ox+ix.
Mtq: TpI+ov, 0o q0eo vo po+qoo ov oi epy+e +ou |nouv oov noi+ix
unoxeIevo q oov xnoiou oveo +ou, qoq ouv +ou++q+o +ov xo+e|oI-
vouv o+ou epy+e; Ave eIoo+e q Kolinko xoi xvoue io peuvo xoi po+ve
x+i ouyxexpivo;
Itmpyo: Kou+epo, qno 0e vo po+qoei no +qv xve+e ou+q +qv peuvo;
Mtq: Noi, eIne xnoio npyo+o. uov+ooi, ev nioove vov-vov xoi +ou
eInov x+oe x+oev+(ei, oe npo+q qoq nopeI vo yIvei ou+ npooonix, vo
po+o eyo xnoiov xoi no vo voi vo yIve+oi io xou|v+o. A qov+ooi,
e+ on xnoio io+qo 0o eIe oxouo+eI ou+, 0o eIov |yei xoi npoooupe,
0o eIov yIvei xno yvoo+oI.
Poq: 1+ov nou uoxoo. l+ov Ivoe +o qui o, io ov+Ipooq q+ov
eni+ou, x+i ou|oIvei. Knoioi +o |yoov xoi qo+o+unIe io+o. Aoi
epy+e ev evioqpov+ov, ev oooq0qxov xo0ou. AIvoe io ovuoq, io
nepiypoqq xoi io ovuoq +ou +i ouv|oive. Oi nepioo+epoi epy+e ev xvouv
++oiou eIou npyo+o, ev xvouv ++oiou eIou ouq+qoei, noi+ix ouq+q-
oei. EeI ypqoe xoi ypqoue noi+ix quio e io vvoio.
Aq ev q+ov eqov, o xo0vo nopouoe vo +o ei, +i ou+ ypq+qxov
on epy+e, yio+I nepiypqoe e +i en+opeie. Tqv Iio o+iyq nopouoov
vo ouv +i eIoo+ov xoi io opyovovq oo. Ae voIo +i unpei xnoio
np|qo e ou+. EIvoi oq0eio, ev eIoo+e oxpi|o oov +ou ou epy+e.
EIoo+e opyovovoi e vov opiovo +pno. Me ou+ou nou, oov +ou xov+ivou
ouvoqou ou, q(epov yio+I eIoi exeI, xovo epix evioqpouoe ouq+q-
oei. io+I epixoI on ou+ou viov +i eIoi +pe eneiq xovo io ++oio
ouei, eneiq eyo +i oueuo yio+I 0o vo e(epeuvqoo, vo ypqo quio,
vo ouq+qoo. Au+oI eyov +i npene vo oueuo on yio vo noIpvo +o eq+
ou. Tqv Iio o+iyq, e pqoionoioue +o o+u eeI oo e +i ou|oIvei. Se-
xivouoo yov+ +ou +i 0o vo 0o xoi (exivouoe io ov+inop0eoq, eiix
xo+ +q ipxeio +ov ouvev+eu(eov, +ou eIou yio+I xvei ou+qv +qv epo+qoq;
Koi q ouq+qoq ouvei+ov e ou+v +ov +pno.
33
Mtq: Koi +o +eeu+oIo, eIvoi +oi nio yevix, ov ex+ on +q ouei nou x-
vouv o+o +qeqovix xv+po, noIpvouv 0oq xoi oe nio noi+ix q (iou noi+i-
x q+qo+o, n.. oe ooq e +ov neo q +qv xpIoq. Evvoo qoio, e o ov +o
ouq+ve.
Aoovq: Aqoio evvoeI oo o+o +qeqovix xv+po;
Mtq: li, evvoo yevix, |yov+o io npoooupo nou vo oqop n.. +ov n-
eo. To o yio+I o+o site eIe noei o+qv ov+Iqqq ou x+i nou voIo +i oqo-
pouoe +qv ov+inoyxooionoIqoq, x+i oe ooq e ou+ +o xIvqo. Aev (po ov ye-
vix ++oio q+qo+o +ou oqopouv.
Poq: Aev oooouoo+e vo e +qv peuvo ou+q o+o +qeqovix xv+po. p-
qoue xoi quio evv+io o+ov neo, xpi+ixq o+qv ov+inoyxooionoIqoq,
unpei enIoq io nepIepyq oo o+q yepovIo nou onoxoeI+oi oi ov+iyepo-
voI o+qv onoIo xvoue xpi+ixq. Au+ oov oqop +o npo+o po +q epo+qoq.
Hoo: Oi ov+iyepovoI eIvoi io opqq ov+eo+povou e0vixioou.
Itmpyo: NoIo +i eIvoi euxoo vo xo+o|oue +i eIvoi q qoq +ov ov+iyepo-
vov o+q yepovIo. lno ei eqovio+eI xoi eo oo o+ov opio+epIo+ixo opo
io ov0eqvixq +oq, nou ei +i o |ooix e0p eIvoi oi eqvpe, x+i ov+I-
o+oio eIvoi xoi oi ov+iyepovoI.
Kmovo: l+ov ov+ie(ouoioo+ix opo, evvoeI.
Itmpyo: li o+ov ov+ie(ouoioo+ix opo. Eyo +ov o opio+epIo+ixo opo x+i
o yevix+epo evvoo, o +o nv+ov. Av qpoue o+o uo o ou+qv +qv
ov0eqvixq +oq eo npo, 0o xo+o|oue nou xo +i eIvoi xoi oi ov+iyepo-
voI. lno oi ov0qve 0eopouv +i +o |ooix np|qo eIvoi o eqvix o,
+oi xoi yio +ou ov+iyepovou eIvoi o yepovix o. Enovo, npnei vo yI-
vei q |ooixq o noi+ixq...
Poq: Aev qp0oe eo vo iqooue yio +ou ov+iyepovou...
Hoo: H.. e +ou ov+iyepovou q+ooe oe qiooxpoIo oqeIo q+o xoi
npuoi e +ov neo +ou oqyovio+v. io+I, eneiq oi Iioi eIvoi npo nou ov+i-
yepovoI po xoi evv+ioi oe +i xvei +o yepovix xp+o, +o q+qo +ov e|poI-
ov xoi +ou iopoq +o ouv npei nou no+pio+ix, on+e unoo+qpIouv xpi+o +o
iopoq oe o+iqno+e xvei. 1+oi |yoIvove oe nopeIe -uno+I0e+oi +i ovqxouv xoi
o+ov opio+ep opo- e oqoIe +ou iopoq. 1+ov enIoq unp +ou noou o+ov
Kno eneiq o lov+ eIe oneiqoei +o iopoq xoi eIe pI(ei poux+e.
34
Mopio: Aqoq nooi eIvoi ou+oI; EIvoi nooI;
Hoo: Topo, eiix e+ +ov neo o+o oqyovio+v noov oe eyq xpIoq xi
ou+oI yio+I +o nopoxvove. Hou xoo quye on +qv qoq. To nv+ov, (e-
qeuyoue Iyo on +o o 0o...
Poq: loov oqop +qv ov+inoyxooionoIqoq +opo, o+q yepovIo ev eIvoi xov
vo xIvqo, e +qv vvoio +i oi v0ponoi oouv +i o +ou xoi enxov+oi
oe io xoivoupio ioixooIo, eIvoi io xivq+onoIqoq. Noi v0ponoi, nou veopq
qixIo, +o(Ieqov o+i ouvov+qoei xopuqq, o+i ioqooei xoi ouq+qoov.
Au+ voIo +i xo+ vov +pno unoe+oi xnoio npyo+o yio +o ov, yio+I
o+q exoe+Io +ou 90 o+q yepovIo oi nepioo+epoi o+qv opio+ep oooouv+ov e
+o ov+iqooio+ix xoi eIov io nou nepiopiovq on+ixq. Moo o on ou+q +q
ouq+qoq yio +qv ov+inoyxooionoIqoq +ouio+ov ieupuve+oi q on+ixq +ov ov-
0ponov, q noqq +ou. EeI nqyoIvoue oe ouvov+qoei xoi ouq+e e ov0po-
nou. 1o |pe0eI oe nopoio oo+o o+q yepovIo no eo xoi nv+o oue-
+o o+q ouq+qoq xoi o+qv xpi+ixq, yio+I +o 0o ev eIvoi vo vo xo+e|oIvei
o+i ioqooei xoi vo q npoono0eI vo ouve0eI e +onixou oyove. Au+ eI-
voi io oo|opq ouvoIo. K+i nopeI vo (exivqoei, ev ei (exivqoei oxo, o
Ioo...
Xpo: Sexivqoo+e +qv peuvo oe +i oqop +o +qeqovix xv+po yio+I npo-
ono0ouoo+e vo |peI+e ouei xoi 0o+e vo yvopIoe+e +i iioi+ep+q+ +ou oov
opo epyooIo q yio+I 0eopeI+e xnoiou epy+e, xnoiou +oeI +q epyo+ixq
+(q nio npovoioxou oe ooq e ou +oeI oov oqop +qv oyovio+ix+q-
+ +ou; io+I xvo+e nop|ooq o+o +qeqovix xv+po;
Itmpyo: Oo vo no x+i nvo oe ou+. vopIei +i oi ou+vooi +q exoe+Io
+ou 60 xoi +ou 70 ouvq0iov vo +o xvouv ou+, ouvq0iov vo 0eopouv xnoiou
+oeI +q epyo+ixq +(q nio npovoioxou oe ooq e ou. EoeI +o |ne+e
e +ov Iio +pno;
Poq: Ko+opqv, +o vo npovoonoioue 0o oqoive +i 0eopoue no unpei
io oo epyo+ov, vo +oo +q epyo+ixq +(q +o nv+ov, o onoIo noIp-
vei +qv qye+ixq 0oq o+ov +o(ix oyovo. EeI ev +o |noue +oi oov oqop +o
oqepo, ev unpei +oo +q epyo+ixq +(q nou vo +o eIvei ou+ oo on
oyove. Av xvoue +q ouyxpioq e +i exoe+Ie +ou 60 xoi +ou 70, nopeI vo no-
pouoioo+ouv npoo+ o oi epyoo+ooioxoI epy+e, oi epy+e-o, oi epy+e
o+qv ou+oxivq+o|ioqovIo o+q yepovIo q+ov oi e+ovo+e epy+e o+qv ou+o-
xivq+o|ioqovIo. Au+ e oqoIvei +i qvoue yio ou+ +o vo unoxeIevo xoi
ou+ eIvoi vo on +o npo|qo+o +q ouq+qoq nou ovoI+qxe o+o +q +q e-
xoe+Io +ou 70, xoi xpo+ei pi oqepo, e +o |i|Io +ou Tvi Nyxpi. Hpoono-
35
0ouv vo |pouv vo unoxeIevo xoi ov ev unpei, +o xo+ooxeuouv. Au+ eIvoi +o
np|qo. uuoix xoi npnei vo ei io 0oq oe ooq e ou+.
l+ov (exivqooe +qv peuvo eIoe vo o+o: npene vo oxeq+oue ov +o
npyo+o 0o yIvouv xou+epo q eip+epo. Oo nopouoov oi epy+e o+o +qeqo-
vix xv+po vo eIvoi +o vo ovepevo +o(ix unoxeIevo; Aionio+oooe +i npo
+o nopv ev eIvoi. Oo nopouoe enIoq vo eino0eI yio +ou epy+e-o, +ou
epy+e o+qv ouoIo nopoyoyq, +i peio+qxe io oxqpq yevi epyo+ov yio
vo yIvouv o qye+ix +oo. 1oo e +ou epy+e o+o +qeqovix xv+po vo yIvei
+o Iio, vo peie+oi vo nepivoue epix oxo pvio.
lqepo, npo+eIvoue o+ov xoo nou 0ei vo xvei peuve vo ouq+ei nou
ei vqo vo yIve+oi ou+, nou ei vqo vo xvei io npoon0eio xo+ovqoq
+ou +pnou nou o xoo oueuei/xiveI+oi, nou enevuei +o xeqoio, nou oi oyo-
ve nopouv vo ouv io yevix+epq enIpooq. io+I unpei io ioqop ove-
oo oe io onepyIo o+o mac donalds xoi oe io onepyIo oe vo epyoo+oio, oov
oqop +qv enIpooq nou ouv o+q ioixooIo +q ouooopeuoq. A, eeI ev
npo+eIvoue ovoyxoo+ix +ov nepiopio +q on+ixq o oe io ouyxexpivq ex-
oq. EeI npnei vo oue ovoi+q ov+Iqqq xoi +ov npoxun+ei io onepyIo
o+o eo+io+pio qoo+ qouv+ q onouqno+e oou, vo ie o+ou epy+e xoi vo
oue+oue.
Booiq: Oo q0eo xnoie nio ouyxexpive nqpoqopIe yio +q ouv0eoq +q
oqepivq yepovixq epyo+ixq +(q xoi ov o e+ooqo+io, unopx+ q ovu-
nopx+o, +ou yepovixou xoni+oioou +o +eeu+oIo pvio ei enqpeoei +q o-
q +q epyo+ixq +(q o+q yepovIo oe oqeIo nou nopoue vo ie yio vo
vo +o(ix unoxeIevo. Koi ov +o yepovix xp+o npvoio xoi +o ouo+qo xoi-
vovixq ouvepyooIo, +o xp+o +ov xoivovixov e+oIpov, +q xoivovixq ouvoIve-
oq, ei +oo nou o(ei nou xoi ou+ ei enqpeoei +q oq +q yepovixq
epyo+ixq +(q.
Poq: uuoix, unpei ooyq o+qv +o(ixq ouv0eoq o+q yepovIo. Av ouyxpIvei
o xoveI e +q eyq |pe+ovIo xoi +qv i+oIo, q ooyq o+q yepovIo eIvoi nio
opyq. Au+ ei vo xvei xo+ |oq e uo npyo+o: npo+ov, +o ouvix+o eIvoi
npoyo+ix evooo+ovo o+q ioeIpioq +q +o(ixq ouyxpouoq xoi yio ou+
ouv o vo |o0 io enippoq oo o+o xp+o, eIvoi oov vo npo+eIvouv io eii-
xq opqq +ou yepovixou xoni+oioou eu+epov, oxo q nopoyoyix+q+o eIvoi
nou uqqq xoi nopouv oxo oi xoni+oio+ vo nqpovouv uqq+epou i-
o0ou. lno xoi oe e ope o, unqp(e io eIooq +ou ey0ou xoi +ou
opi0ou +ov eyov epyoo+ooIov, poo+ixq eIooq, unpei io ou(qoq +ov
ovpyov, +ov npooopivov xoi +ov epyo+ov epixq onooqoq.
Ynpouv no ve ouei o+o eyevo +oo +ov unqpeoiov, no oe
eo+io+pio qoo+ qouv+ x..n., oi onoIe onoxoouv+oi unqpeoIe, evo npxei+oi
yio nopoyoyix epyooIe oqou nopyouv x+i. Bnoue ou+ +i ooy o,
36
no eIno npoqyouvo, eIvoi nio opy on +i oou. To nop(evo eIvoi +i,
+ov nqyo o+q oouqIo, xoi po+qoo +i ei yIvei e +o xoivovix xp+o exeI, ou
onv+qoov +i +o npyo+o eIvoi nou io, o ouv o(ei, xoi +ov
po+qoo no eIvoi oi ouv0qxe epyooIo ovoxuqo +i nopovouv oxo xou-
+epe on ,+i o+q yepovIo! EIvoi nv+o oe+ix, e(op++oi e +i xvei +q ouyxpi-
oq. uuoix xoi +o yepovix xp+o npvoio ei o(ei, unpei io ono+ooq
on +o nope0v, o eIvoi oxo eqix+ vo eni|iovei xoveI e +o eq+ +ou eni-
o+o ovepyIo. H nIeoq yio vo ouqei xoi vo nopyei eIvoi eyou+epq, x-
+i nou ei enqpeoei xoi +i ope epyooIo, oi onoIe ouv ou(q0eI. Ynpouv
o oxo +pnoi vo (equyei xoi vo |ooIeooi o+o xoivovix xp+o, onooq-
no+e euxo+epo oe ouyxpioq e +qv eo q +qv i+oIo.
Kmovo: K+i nou e ou|oIvei o+qv eo, +oi...
Itmpyo: Noi, +o ouq+ouooe xoi +i npoe ou+... ie o Poq +qv ei
|yei no pvio o+o enIoo. Koi eIvoi nio o(ionpen +o enIoo ovepyIo,
i vo +o noIpvei yio nepioo+epo povix io+qo o eIvoi xoi nepioo+epo
pqo+o. An ou+ +ouio+ov nou o eIne +ov po+qooe oe+ix.
Poq: 1vo oxo npyo. lIyoupo, e +i ooy e+ +o 1989 xoi +qv evoo-
+ooq +q ovo+oixq yepovIo, oxo oqepo unpei io ioqop o+o eioqo
xoi +qv xoivovixq xo+o+ooq oveoo o+qv ovo+oixq xoi +q u+ixq yepovIo. e-
vix, q ovepyIo eIvoi oxo nou uqq+epq ovo+oix, oi io0oI eIvoi oq+e-
poi, q enopIo ei oeioei io xoi oi oi voi v0ponoi ouv quyei yio oou.
A xoi o+qv noi u+ixq neup, no xoi o+qv nepioq nou eeI poo+qpio-
noiouoo+e, q ovepyIo enIoq eIvoi nou uqqq, oi io0oI ev eIvoi +oo oqoI
o no xoi +ooi oi v0ponoi eni|iovoue on +o xoivovix xp+o. le -
e nepio, no o+qv xopi +q |ioqovIo nou |pIoxe+oi o+qv nepioq yupo
on +q l+ou+yxpq, unpei eiqq epyo+ov, xupIo eiixeuvov. Oi v0ponoi
npoyo+ix peiov+oi io ouei xoi npnei vo e+oxivq0ouv npo +o exeI,
o oi nepioo+epoi ev +o xvouv yio+I e 0ouv vo qoouv exeI. Ynpouv io-
qop on nepioq oe nepioq o+q yepovIo.
Au+ nou npoyo+ix ei o(ei eIvoi oi ouv0qxe oo o+ou opou ep-
yooIo, eiix o+q |ioqovIo. ExeI ei unp(ei io ou(qoq o+qv nopoyoyix+q-
+o. Ev+(ei, onououv epy+e o enIoq nopyouv ve qov. H epyooIo ei
yIvei nou nio ev+o+ixq x+i nou eIvei e vov +pno +qv ouvoIo +ou |ioqo-
vixou npoe+opi+ou, yio+I ev nopeI vo ov+io+o0eI onvov+i oe ou+qv +qv ou(q-
oq +q nopoyoyix+q+o. 1+oi, oe ou+ +o epyoo+oio nou yvopIoue epy+e,
+ov ou+oI ouyxpIvouv ou+ nou ou|oIvei oqepo e ou+ nou ouv|oive eIxooi
pvio npiv, iouv yio nou iy+epo ioeIo+o, nou ev+o+ix+epo pu0 ep-
yooIo. Koi no ovqepo npiv yio +o +qeqovix xv+po, unpei io nopoio
e(i(q xoi o+o ypoqeIo. Eioyouv enIoq ve pu0Ioei o+o voooxoeIo yio +qv
37
ou(qoq +q nopoyoyix+q+o. evix, +o |nei o+ou oqyou qop+qyov, o+ou
oqyou eoqopeIov, o+ou qoiou unqou, nov+ou, oe ou +ou +oeI
nou oi v0ponoi oueuouv. Koi ou+ npoyo+ix eIvoi io eyq ooyq, yio+I
nopeI vo oueuei 40 ope +qv e|oo o ov npnei vo xvei nou nepio-
o+epo oo oe ou+ +i 40 ope, ++e q oq oou eIvoi nou nio Iepq on ,+i
q+ov...
38
Call Centres Inquiry Communism
TI EINAI TA THAEdONIKA KENTPA
H Ascend Communications voi(e vo +qeqovix xv+po o+qv Sophia-
Antipolis/Cote d'Azur o+q yoIo. Eo e(unqpe+ouv+oi ne+e on +qv Euponq,
+q Moq Avo+oq xoi +qv Aqpixq. (luqovo e io ovoqop +q e+oipeIo) +o -
po eni0qxe yo +ov xou+epov xoi nio exuo+ixov ouv0qxov yio +ou uno-
qou oe ouyxpioq e +o HopIoi q +i Bpu(e xoi eneiq ouv oe ou+ +o po
nooI (voi nou yvopIouv +i yoooe nou iiouv+oi o ou+ +i nepio (Les
centres d' appels attisent les convoities, L' Usine Nouvelle, 23 AnpiIou 1998).
H EasyJet nouei +o oeponopix +q eioi+qpio vo oneu0eIo oo ev
+qeqovixou xv+pou o+o Aou+ov +q oyyIo. Anoqeuyov+o +ou +o(iio+ixou
npx+ope eIooe +o (o +q xo+ 10%. To +qeqovqo+o on +i iqope o-
pe +o ovoo|vouv o+oix oi unqoi nou iouv +i ov+Io+oie yoooe.
Au+q +q o+iyq qioupyeI+oi vo ouo+qo xpo+qoeov oo internet. Eninov,
neipoo+Iov+oi e epyooIo on +o onI+i yio vo eiooouv +o xo+o +ov +qeqovi-
xov xv+pov (Clegg, Alicia: Coming in from the cold, Management Today, 1999).
H Aouq+voo eIooe +o +qeqovix xv+po nou eIe on 211 oe 9, yio v
ou(qoei +qv nopoyoyix+q+o. EIvoi eyxo+eo+qvo oe pq nou ovqxouv oe io-
qope+ix povix ove +oi oo+e vo o|vouv +qeqovqo+o o +o 24opo
(Aou|Ivo o+qv ipovIo Koe o+q yepovIo Me|oupvq o+qv ouo+poIo). 1+oi,
oi nepioo+epoi unqoi epyov+oi o+i q0qv+epe qepqoie |pie (opI
(+po ooi|q) x+i nou npo+iouv xoi oi Iioi oi unqoi. Aioxoio +oo ou-
euouv o+o Aou|Ivo iov+o 9 euponox yoooe. Me+o(u ov npooqpouv
nqpoqopIe yio +i n+qoei xoi xvouv xpo+qoei 0oeov. To +qeqovix xv+po
eIvoi ouveevo e+o(u +ou e ++oiov +pno oo+e, +ov vo unqo e-
+oi vo +qeqovqo oe yoooo nou e yvopIei, q xqoq nopeI vo e+o|i|e+oi
ou+o+o o+o Koe q oe vo +qeqovix xv+po o+i qno (Take-Off for
Lufthansa's 200-Agent-Centre, Business and Finance, Ox+o|pio 1998).
O io Walter TeleMedien eIvoi on vo +ou q eyou+epq e+oipeIo +q-
eqovixov xv+pov o+q yepovIo. Aieu0uvei e+o(u ov +qeqovix xv+po o+o
1+iyxev, +q Bpq xoi +o Moye|oupyo. luvoix oe 10 nepio ei 21 +qe-
qovix xv+po xoi 3.000 unoqou. O io ei 200 ne+e (n.. +qv
Deutsche Bank, +qv Allianz, +qv Beiersdorf, +qv Deutsche Telekom) oe +oeI no
ooqeie, nio+o+ix xp+e, hotlines (nqpoqopIe yio npov+o),+qeoyop,
qex+povix enpio (Berliner Zeitung, 22 IouvIou 1999) ()
Iveoq
Aiqopo eIq +qeqovixov xv+pov unqpov on noi, n.. nqpoqopIe io +q-
eqovou, ypoqeIo ounqpooq ev+unov q nopoq oyio+ixov nqpoqopiov.
lo, on +i op/oo +q exoe+Io +ou 90 ionio+ove+oi io npoyo+ixq
39
xpq(q nou ouvoeue+oi on +qv ovn+u(q o+po+qyixov ioIxqoq enieipqoeov,
+ov npooiopio eu0uvov xoi npoov+ov yio +qv ex+eoq +ov epyooiov o+o +q-
eqovix xv+po xoi +q qioupyIo io o yupo on ou+. l+q yepovIo, oe-
v +o 90% +ov +qeqovixov xv+pov qioupyq0qxe e+ +o 1991.
To 1997, +o 30% +ov e+oipeiov o+q yepovIo pqoionoiouoe unqpeoIe +q-
eqovixov xv+pov. To uo +pI+o on ou+ eIov +o ix +ou ooxqpovo +q-
eqovix xv+po (eoo+epix). Oi unoine pqoionoiouoov e(o+epix unqpe-
oIe. l+i qno, qq on +o 1995, +o 80% +ov e+oipeiov pqoionoiouoe unqpeoIe
+qeqovixov xv+pov.
To un|o0po +q xpq(q o+q yepovIo
Eop0o/oytco +ot +puetxot ctc+qu+o, +ot eopiot, +ov ucu/etov: o
noi +uno +ov op+oyioxov e +i eye nepiou exnoIeuoq xoi +ou
oe+ix qqou io0ou 0qxe nIeoq. EnI oeip e+ov, oi +pnee xeivov uno-
xo+oo+qo+o, +qv opo nou o yxo +ov epyooiov ou(ov+ov. Oi xo+ovoo+ xo-
ouv+o vo ex+eoouv voi +ou +i ouvooy +ou oo +ov ATM. Av nopou-
oioo+eI xnoio np|qo, nopeI xoveI vo xooei +o +qeqovix xv+po...
Eop0o/oytco xu+ +qv tto+txooiqcq +ov opyuvtcov +q/etxotvovtov: q
Deutsche Telekom ei ovo0oei oxqpo +qo+ +q oe unepyo|ou xoi e+-
+peqe o oe +qeqovix xv+po.
Av+tq +ot +oeu +q xtvq+q +q/eoviu: o+q yepovIo vo +o 10% nepInou
+ou nq0uoou eIe xivq+ +qqovo +o 1998 +o 2000 +o noooo+ ovq0e oe nepI-
nou 30% xoi oqepo unep|oIvei +o 50%. H pooq +q xqoq eio0qxe xoi qi-
oupyq0qxov ypo opev unqpeoiov. To (oo +ov enieipqoeov yio +qeo-
yop ex+iv0qxov o+o uqq.
1xpqq +q veu otxovoiu: nepioo+epe ouoxeu H/Y xoi oyioix nou-
i+ov, npyo nou onoI+qoe nepioo+epe ou|oueu+ix unqpeoIe (on +qe-
qovou) yio +ou ne+e. Ho e(eiixeuvo xo+oo+qo+o nou npoqepov ou-
|ou yio +evix npo|qo+o o+o+qoov +q ei+oupyIo +ou. 1+oi +opo unp-
ouv oouneppxe+ nou nouve unooyio+.
Atqcq +ov xpu+txov etopqyqceov ytu vee etetpqcet: o+qv opq unqp-
(ov oxvoo e e+oipeIe nou xopnovov+ov xnou 25.750 eupo yio x0e vo
enieIpqoq, exeI nou +o oo xo+o yio vo +qeqovix xv+po q+ov xnou 7.670
eupo.
le noou +oeI npoyo+onoiq0qxe io +evixq ovoouv0eoq: iIo o+ov
+poneix +oo, q vo opyvooq +q epyooIo o+o +qeqovix xv+po en+peqe
+qv enI0eoq o+i ouv0qxe epyooIo +ov op+oyioxov. To xo0qxov+o ev +po-
neoLnoqou e uqq +unix npoov+o xoi no pvio exnoIeuoq ex+eou-
v+oi +opo on unoqou +qeqovixov xv+pov e exnoIeuoq uo qepov, e
nepInou +o uo +pI+o +ou io0ou ev op+oyiox, un ouo+qp+epo eyo xoi e
nou eyou+epo qp+o epyooIo (...)
40
Av0eoq epyootmv oe vpivou (Yepyooio)
1vo +qeqovix xv+po e+oqpe+oi nio euxoo on vo ou|oupyeIo q vo opu-
eIo. H ex+ponq xqoq nopeI vo yIvei euxoo, x+i nou oqoIvei +i exeIvo nou
xoeI ev nopeI vo xo+o|ei ov iei oe xnoiov yyo nou |pIoxe+oi o+o Aqv+
q o+o Ao+epv+o. Koi o +qeqovix e(onio eIvoi q0qv+epo on vov xI-
|ovo +q(q. Oi unepyoo|Ie yIvov+oi e iqopou +pnou:
E(o+epix +qeqovix xv+po iexnepoiovouv e +i xqoei io e+oipeIo
[o.+.., +qeqovix xv+po nou ev ovqxouv o+qv Iio +qv e+oipeIo, o oe q
nou eiixeue+oi o ou+v +ov +oo xoi ovoo|vei +q ouei oov unepyoo|Io].
To on +qeqovqo+o (nqpoqpqoq) +o iexnepoiovouv e(o+epix +qe-
qovix xv+po, evo +o eoo+epix ovoo|vouv +i noqoei q +i unqpeoIe e-
+ +qv noqoq.
1vo e(o+epix +qeqovix xv+po xvei eiix xonvie noqoq, ov+o
+qv +evoyvooIo yio ++oiou eIou xqoei.
To eoo+epix +qeqovix xv+po eIvoi io0oio vo xo+ +q ipxeio +q ep-
yoiq e|oo, +i unoine pe xoi ope oi xqoei nepvve oe vo e(o-
+epix.
To eoo+epix +qeqovix xv+po unepqop+ove+oi yo +ov noov xqoeov
xoi +oi oi eninov xqoei e+o|i|ov+oi oe vo e(o+epix.
1oue ei e ou+ +i opq unepyoo|Io vo eqopov+oi eo xoi pvio.
Avon+u0qxov o oxo nepioo+epo yo +q ou(qoq +ov qq oe+ix uqq-
ov io0ov o+o eoo+epix +qeqovix xv+po xoi oe opiove nuxvoxo+oixq-
ve nepio. io nopeiyo:
l+o oo +q exoe+Io +ou 90, q British Airways e+qepe +o +qeqovix x-
v+po +q on +o v+io AovIvo o+q oox|q, xupIo e(oi+Io +q ioqop +ov i-
o0ov.
An +o +q +q exoe+Io +ou 90, oue 0ei yio oyyix xoi oepixvixe
e+oipIe nou oi xqoei +ou iexnepoiovov+oi o+qv ivIo, n.. q GE Capital (pq-
o+onio+o+ix) q q American Express (nio+o+ix xp+e).
To 2001, q Atento o+qv ionovIo (+qenixoivovIe), io 0uyo+pixq +q Telefonica
(ionovixq e+oipeIo +qenixoivoviov), oeIooe +q qioupyIo +qeqovixou x-
v+pou o+o opxo, eneiq npoqovo unpouv exeI opxe+oI ionovqovoi.
1ie +oei o+qv yepovIo: +o 2000 q e+oipeIo +oupoixov nopoyyeiov Otto
oneIqoe vo e+oqpei +o +qeqovix xv+po +ou 1ooev o+qv ovo+oixq yepovIo
ov oi epy+e e ouqovouoov oe Io eIooq +ou io0ou xo+ 500 pxo.
An +qv q, 0oe +i +qeqovix xv+po on +qv ovo+oixq yepovIo eyxo-
0Io+ov+oi o+q u+ixq noovIo, nou nooI v0ponoi iouv yepovix ()
Kpioq
Aev oue oxo oxpi|q eixvo +ou no q xpIoq enqpeei +o +qeqovix x-
v+po. To 2000 ovoxoIvooov 0opu|oo pu0ou ovn+u(q +q +(eo +ou 20-
41
25% +o pvo. Mnopoue +opo vo noue +i o ou+ q+ov on ovoqoIe +ov
oqev+ixov. lqepo o xoi nio ouv oxou yio peoxonIe, xeIoio enieipqoe-
ov xoi onouoei. O opi0 +ov xevov 0oeov ei eio0eI iIo yio +i xou+e-
pe ouei o+o +qeqovix xv+po, n.. oe epix +pnee q o+qv +evixq uno-
o+qpi(q. Mepix nopoeIyo+o:
To Noe|pIou 2001, q Deutsche Bank 24 ovoxoIvooe +o xeIoio +ov +qeqo-
vixov xv+pov +q o+o Duisburg-Rheinhausen. Hepioo+epoi on 200 unqoi
onou0qxov.
Tq Mp+q 2002, q British Telecom ovoxoIvooe +i 2.200 unqoi +qeqovi-
xov xv+pov eIvoi npo onuoq. 53 on +o 104 +qeqovix xv+po npxei+oi vo
xeIoouv +o enevo uo pvio.
Moo AnpiIou 2002, q e-plus (xivq+ +qqovo) ovoxoIvooe +qv ov0eoq +ov
+qeqovixov xv+pov +q oe +pI+ou, npyo nou ni0ovo 0o oqyqoei 2.400
unoqou o+q yepovIo oe onuoq (...)
H XXEXH MAX ME TOYX AAAOYX EPIATEX XTH AOYAEIA
Knoioi on o q+ov nio ovoi+oI. luq+ouoov +i xivqoei +ou e ou uno-
qou xoi xuxoqopouoov +i npoxqpu(ei... oi q+ov nio io+ox+ixoI, ev ene-
Ioxov +qv eoq ov+inop0eoq xoi +o pIoxo +q onuoq. H exqooq +ov io-
qope+ixov ou+ov +pnov ounepiqop e(op+q0qxe oIyoupo xoi on +o |o0
ouv+poqix+q+o +ov ouvoqov e +ou onoIou epoo+ov oe enoqq. An +qv
q, eIvoi xoi q+qo voo+ponIo: 0oue vo npoopqooue oe eoq ov+inop-
0eoq e +ov npoo+evo +q oo q npo+ie vo epoo+e oe enoqq e +ou
ouvoqou noIpvov+o npoqu(ei;...
Ae |pqxoe noou enovoo++e -q e o |pqxov exeIvoi. Aioqope+i-
x, oi xivqoei o 0o q+ov nio eni0e+ix. io nopeiyo, oeiooe +qv xo+-
qqq ev opou epyooIo, npoxeivou vo q o+exoo+e on xoi oipoue
quio, o vo io+op(oue npoyo+ix +o quoiooyix pu0 +q epyoiq
qpo. Ev+ou+oi, o opi0 o ev enopxouoe yio x+i ++oio. Eo oo+e e-
oeuei xoi o xIvuvo +q unoxo+o+ooq +q no0q+ix+q+o +ov epyo+ov e +o
ix oou ox+i|io.
lunepooo+ix, q onouoIo ovoi+ov epyo+ixov oyovov nepipioe +i ix
o xivqoei. 1+oi, nepiopio+qxoe o+o oIpooo quoIov npoo+ on +qv
eIooo +q ouei xoi o+q ouq+qoq e ouvoqou. Av oi Iioi oi oyove o+qv
e(i(q +ou ev ovoIyouv vo q+qo+o, ++e q noqq o ev eIvoi nop Io ox-
o oveoo oe e +i e -oxo xoi ov eIvoi nepioo+epo pioonoo+ixq.
Avopo+q0qxoe oinv, +i vqo ei +o oIpooo quoIov xoi oi nopqe
e ou+ nope|oei, ov ev unpei q ou+evpyeio +ov Iiov +ov epyo+ov vo xo-
0opIoei +o noIoio ovoqop; Ae 0eopoue +i oi nope|oei oe nepiou oe+i-
x eiovq oyovio+ix+q+o on +qv neup +ov epyo+ov xo+oqyouv ovon-
qeux+o o+ov ei+io q +ov ouvixoio, o nop ou+ nopovouv e(o+epi-
x. Au+ eIvoi Ioo xoi o yo nou q peuvo nopeive ixq o un0eoq xoi ev
42
yive ou+o-peuvo +ov Iiov +ov epyo+ov, on+e xoi 0o nopouooe vo ouq+q-
ooue +o noi+ix nepieevo +q epyooioxq xo0qepiv+q+o e ou epy-
+e xoi vo xo+oq(oue oe io xoivq o+po+qyixq yio +qv ovn+u(q +ou +o(ixou
ov+oyovioou (...)
1PEYNA
H peuvo yive oe iooix o+io. To npo+o o+io 0o nopouoe vo ovooo+eI
npopeuvo. Au+ ouvIo+o+oi oe:
lt//oyq t/txot oe ooq e +o +qeqovix xv+po (...)
eopq+txe ctq+qcet, no n.. yio +qv opyvooq +q epyooIo, +i qov,
+qv xIvqoq +ou xeqooIou (xuxoqopIo) (...)
ltyxptcq (xut upuepu uv+tq) +q 0eopq+txq yvocq e +qv eetpiu
+q xu0qeptvq u oq c+u +q/eovtx xev+pu ()
ltvev+etet e+o(u o, o xoi e ou unoqou o+o +qeqovix x-
v+po: on +q io, oi ouvev+eu(ei npoopIov+ov vo o ooouv io nio en+oepq
eixvo +q xo+o+ooq o+o +qeqovix xv+po on +qv q, enIoe +i oi ou-
vev+eu(ei ou+ 0o nopouoov v ono+eoouv +qv opq io xoivq ouq+qoq
nvo o+qv xo0qepiv+q+o +q exe+euoq xoi +i uvo++q+e oyovo.
dtocq +q po+ucq po //ot euvuc++e, yio vo (exivqoouv io peuvo
o+q ixq +ou nepioq ()
H npopeuvo iqpxeoe nepInou vo pvo. To q0ivnopo +ou 2000 eioq0o-
e o+o eu+epo o+io xoi on ++e xoi e+ oi e(eI(ei q+ov poyoIe. pqoe
+o quio xoi o+qooe io io+ooeIo nou nopouooe vo +o qooionoiqoou-
e oI e nqpoqopIe yio oyove oe +qeqovix xv+po, q onouqno+e oou.
Hpnei vo eino0eI +i onoqooIooe opxe+ vopI vo |youe Io oeip
on +ooepei npoooupe (oe+ix e +qv enx+ooq +q euei(Io, +qv ev+o+ixo-
noIqoq +q epyooIo, +qv opI vqo epyooIo xoi +ou oyove o+o +qeqovix
xv+po). lqepo +o oue (ovooxeq+eI xoi ev eIoo+e neiovoi yio +q pqoi-
+q+o ou+q o +q onqooq. Exooe enIoq quio oe+ix e ouyxexpi-
vou oyove oe +qeqovix xv+po nou oqopouoov n.. +i enixeIeve exoy
o+o epyooiox ou|ouio [o.+., eni+pon ou|oueu+ixou opox+qpo on ex-
npooonou +ov epyoovov yio +qv enIuoq eu+epeuouoo oqooIo 0e+ov
nou ev xouq0qxov on +i ouoyix ou|oei + oqev+ix +i ou|oueuo-
v+oi, n.. yio +o poo +q xov+Ivo +q e+oipeIo x.+..], +qv +unonoiqvq qpooe-
ooyIo +ou +qeqovq+q, +i oopv+o ope onqpo+q epyooIo. To quio oi-
po+qxov oo xoi yupo on +o +qeqovix xv+po +q nepioq o. le e n-
ei oipo+qxov on ouv+pqou.
Me +o quio xoi +qv io+ooeIo 0oe vo qioupyqooue vo opo
ov+ooyq onqeov xoi eneipiov oveoo oe oyovio+ epy+e ioqope+i-
xov e+oipeiov. Eninov, 0oe vo |oue +i 0oei o o+i xo0qepiv ouq-
+qoei o+o ioeIo+o yio vooue no 0 ov+ipouoov oi epy+e xoi q ieu0uvoq.
43
Au+q +q o+iyq |pioxoo+e o+o +pI+o o+io +q noi+ixq ono+Iqoq.
Ooue vo oipoo+oue +i eneipIe o e ou ouv+pqou xoi vo 0oue
Xuvevve{et
Knoioi o po+qoov ov +o epo+qo+oyio xoi oi ouvev+eu(ei o oqq-
oov. l+qv opq nio+qoe +i oo on ooi|oIe ouvev+eu(ei e ou epy+e
0o nopouoe vo npoxuqei io noi+ixq xou|v+o xoi vo yIvei xpi+ixq o+qv xo0qe-
pivq opyvooq +q epyooIo. A ev +ei xvoe Iye vo ouvev+eu(ei e xo-
i exopi ou epy+e xoi +oi o eIvoi uoxoo v onov+qooue o+qv epo-
+qoq ou+q.
H yvopiIo e ou+ou +ou ou epy+e yive xupIo oo noi+ixov
enoqov nop oo +q xo0qepivq +pi|q o+q ouei. Ko+ +q ipxeio +ov ou-
vev+eu(eov eIoe opxe+ ouq+qoei, o uo+uo oi epo+qoei +ou epo+qo-
+ooyIou q+ov npo no.
Teix, on +o epo+qo+oyio ev xo+oq(oe oe xnoio ov+inpoooneu-
+ix ounpooo. Aev (poue xov ov +o epo+qo+oyio |oq0qoov +ou ou-
v+pqou oe o +qeqovix xv+po vo ouveiq+onoiqoouv q vo ouv xnoio
npyo+o. An exeIvo nou eIoe o+eIei o+o e(o+epix |oe eio+o nIoo:
vo on +qeqovix xv+po o+q oxo+Io xoi vo on +qeqovix xv+po o+qv o-
ovIo. le e +ou Iiou, +o epo+qo+oyio pqoIeuoe o+q ouyxp+qoq +ov
ioqope+ixov epyooioxov o eneipiov. Kvoe nepiqqei +ov ouvev+eu(eov -
n.. oe ooq e +o qovqo+o un pqoq, +q ouvepyooIo e+o(u +ov unoqov
xoi +q ooq nou ovon+uooe+oi e +qv Iio +qv epyooIo- oi onoIe yivov xo+i
+ov 0eopq+ixov o ouq+qoeov. Apy+epo, o+oo+qooe vo pqoionoioue
epo+qo+oyio, o e+ eIoe +o np|qo +i oi ovoqop o on +ou
opou ouei oioov e ouoyq on npooonix io+opIe. Ko+oq(oe o+o
ounpooo +i peiooo+ov +pIo ioqope+ix epo+qo+oyio ovoyo e +qv
nepIo+ooq:
1vo en+oep epo+qo+oyio, e |oq +o opix, yio vo npoue nepioo+e-
pe nqpoqopIe oe+ix e yeyov+o xoi ooei (opyvooq +q epyooIo, qo-
vqo+o, iepopIo, ounepiqop +ov epyo+ov). Apxouoe vo npoue +pei q +o-
oepei ouvev+eu(ei o+qv opq x0e peuvo. EnIxev+po: +u yeyovo+u xut q yevtxq
etxovu.
H..
Ivotpeio
1. le noio e+oipeIo epyeooi;
2. le noiov +oo ovqxei ou+q q e+oipeIo;
3. le noio eyou+epo io ovqxei q e+oipeIo;
4. Ti nopye+oi exeI q +i eIou unqpeoIe npooqpov+oi;
()
Yqot
25. Hooi v0ponoi epyov+oi o+o +qeqovix xv+po;
44
26. Hooi v+pe, noe yuvoIxe;
27. Hooi e+ovo+e oueuouv exeI;
28. An nou xo+yov+oi;
29. Hooi epyov+oi e epixq onooqoq xoi nooi e nqpq;
()
Xuvepyooio
60. Aoueuei oe ouvepyooIo e ou epy+e;
61. Me noio +pno ouvepyeo+e;
62. 1ei enoqq e o +qo+o, unoxo+oo+qo+o q opou epyooIo;
K.+..
1vo ixp+epo epo+qo+oyio, yio vo noIpvoue ouvev+eu(ei xoi vo ouq+e
o+q ouei. io vo nopouv oi unqoi, xoi eeI, v ov+iqq0oue n.. +q
ouvepyooIo oveoo oe unqou ioqope+ixov +q+ov. Au+ ei ev yvei vo
xvei e +ov ovoo+ooo xoi +qv ou+o-peuvo: no ov+ie+onIoue +i xo-
0qepiv ouv0qxe epyooIo; Hoio eIq ouyxpouoeov eqovIov+oi xoi noio eIvoi
q 0oq o oe ooq ou+; Au+ +o epo+qo+oyio 0o npnei vo eIvoi pqoio
o+ou Iiou +ou epy+e, vo +o ounqpovouv oi Iioi xoi vo +o pqoionoiouv oe
ouq+qoei o+q ouei. EnIxev+po: ctq+qcq, toxivqcq ytu +qv uv/qqq
pcq.
H..
1. Ti eIou npo|qo+o unpouv (opyvooq +q epyooIo, pu0 onou-
oiov yo oo0eveIo, ou(qoq +ou yxou epyooIo) ;
2. Hoie q+ov oi nio npoqo+e evpyeie +ov oqev+ixov (+evooyix xoi-
vo+oIe, onouoei) ;
3. io+I npoopouv oou+ (nepiopio +ov ioei+ov, e(ooqioq +q
epyooioxq eipqvq) ;
4. Ho ov+ipouv oi epy+e (ouq+qoq, yvoio, poq) ;
5. Ho ouv o(ei oi ouyxpouoei oveoo o+ou unoqou (enieipq-
o+o) ;
6. Ti ouv xvei npoqo+o +o ouvix+o xoi oi epyo+ixoI ov+inpoonoi (nI-
voxe ovoxoivooeov) ;x.+..
1vo oxo ixp epo+qo+oyio, yio vo noIpvoue ouvev+eu(ei on ox+i|i-
o+ xoi ou yvoo+ou, vo po+e +i ou|oIvei o+i ix +ou ouei. Au+
eIvoi xo yio +qv ov+ooyq eneipiov oyovo, +i onoIe nopoue vo ouq+e
xoi vo ioIoue. EnIxev+po: c+ouco, uv+u//uyq. Au+ +o epo+qo+oyio
pqoieuei enIoq yio ouyypoqq ovoqopov.
H..
O ouvevveu{toevo
1.Hoio eIvoi +o ov+ixeIevo epyooIo oou;
2. Ko+ei xnoio 0oq o+qv eni+ponq exnpoooneuoq +ov epyo+ov (epyo-
oiox ou|ouio) q +o ouvix+o; Av voi, noio;
45
Yo0po
3. Ho (exIvqoe o oyovo (+po +q ioIxqoq) ;
4. Ti ouv|oive oxpi|o npiv (xIo oveoo o+ou epy+e, ooy o+qv
opyvooq +q epyooIo) ;
5. Hoioi oi oyove unqp(ov o+o nope0v (o+qv Iio e+oipeIo, oe e,
e+ on xpo+ix +po) ;
6. Hoio eIvoi +o enIoqo oi+qo+o;
7. Hoio +o io+unooe q +o npo+o(e; K.+..
HOX YHOAEXTHKE THN HPOTAXH H APIXTEPA;
KpIvov+o on +i ov+ipoei nou ov+ie+onIooe -ov+ipoei on opio+epou
xoi ou nou oueuouv oe +qeqovix xv+po- nopoue vo noue +i ou+q +q
o+iyq eIvoi uoxoo vo e(qyqooue +q ouveoq oveoo: o) o+qv nop|ooq -
oo o+ou opou exe+euoq xoi |) oe Io npoon+ixq xoivovixq ooyq. Au-
oxoeuoo+ov vo e(qyqooue +i eeI ov+io|ovoo+e +qv peuvo i oov Io
ouvixoio+ixq ou|oq o+i noi+ix poo+qpi+q+e yevix, ou+e oov Io
poo+qpi+q+o ev+oniovq o+ov opo epyooIo, o oov Io ove(p+q+q -
0oo opyvooq evv+io o+qv +o(ixq xoivovIo +q ouoIo nopoyoyq, +ov
oxouo+ixov xoi +ou ixpoqovou +ov +qeqovixov xv+pov, q +ov oupov o+o +o-
eIo ovepyIo. MIo 0oo nou (enepviouv+oi oi ioopiooI oveoo oe noi+i-
xou xoi oixovoixou oyove, oveoo oe ox+i|io+ xoi npoe+piou. Au+q
q uoxoIo oqeIe+oi oe noou you. Hpo+ov, yo +ou npoyo+ixou ioopi-
oou e+o(u epyo+ixov oyovov xoi noi+ixov xivq+ov. To oq enIneo
+ov oyovov o+qv nepioq o eni+pnei oe eyo xo+io +q opio+ep vo
xpu|ov+oi nIoo on +q e+pioqpoouvq +ou q vo ouveIouv vo +o noIouv xIvq-
o xoi vo ovooxoeuouv +o noi+ix +ou noouxi. Aev nopeI xoveI vo xvei
xoi no npyo+o yio v o(ei ou+qv +qv xo+o+ooq. lqov+ix+epo eIvoi v
ovoxouqoue ov oue ovonopoyyei noi+ix xoi ouvixoio+ix +o-
ne. H.. o+o ioopio oveoo o+qv noi+ixq np+ooq yio peuvo xoi o+o
quio yio +ou epy+e.
l+q ipxeio +q peuvo, xoi o ono+eo +q, ouq+qooe e iqope
opio+ep oe. Oi ouq+qoei nopouv vo opio+ouv o+i e(q xo+qyopIe:
luq+qoei e oe nou ovoqpov+oi o+qv +o(ixq npoyo+ix+q+o e +pno
oio e o. H peuvo oqyqoe oe ouo+qo+ixq ov+ooyq onqeov e oe
on iqope nepio. Mo o+eiov uix on +q yoIo, +qv ionovIo, +i qno,
x.+.. H np+ooq yio +qv peuvo e+oqpo+qxe xoi ioveq0qxe. 1vo ono+eoo
+q peuvo q+ov Io nepioo+epo v+ovq ouvepyooIo e oe on +qv oyyIo
xoi +qv i+oIo, e +i onoIe ouq+qooe no 0o yIvei q peuvo, +qv xo0qepiv+q-
+o o+o +qeqovix xv+po xoi +q ouyypoqq +ov quoIov.
luq+qoei e oe opio+epov ox+i|io+ov (oe qoi+q+ov, xuxou ouq+q-
oeov, opio+epou ouvixoio+) nou evioqpov+ov yio +o q+qo +q io0o+q
epyooIo. Mo npooxeoov oe opiove qoie exqooei yio vo iqooue
46
o eiixoI enI +ov ouypovov opqov exe+euoq. H nio evioqpouoo
neup ou+ov +ov ouvo0poIoeov q+ov +i ioqope+ixoI v0ponoi ouvov+iv+ov
exeI: unqoi oe +qeqovix xv+po, opio+epoI nou oueuov oe +qeqovix x-
v+po xoi evioqpov+ov vo 0ouv +i q+ov noi+ix oqov+ix oe ooq ou+,
xoi opiovoi v0ponoi nou evioqpov+ov yio +qv noi+ixq o npo+o|ouIo.
A oxo xoi eo eIoe uoxoIe vo e(qyqooue +qv noi+ixq npooyyioq +q
peuvo: peuvo xoi nop|ooq ev eIvoi (eopio+ npyo+o nopqo e
o opio+ep q+qo+o, o Io nepiex+ixq npooyyioq yio +qv opyvooq -
oo o+qv +o(ixq npoyo+ix+q+o.
H onqooq vo enixev+po0oue oe vo +oo e ieuxuve +o npyo+o.
OeopeI+o ouv +i evioqepoo+ov yio +o +qeqovix xv+po e(oi+Io +q eii-
xq opqq exe+euoq nou ovon+uooe+oi exeI, q yio+I eIvoi xo+ xnoio +p-
no ov+pvo. Au+q q ooq +ov opio+epov e +qv exe+euoq yive (ex0opq
xo+ +q ipxeio +q npoon0eio vo oyoxpi0eI q xonvio yio +qv ISI [o.+..,
xonvio nou iopyvooe q kolinko oe+ix e +i ouv0qxe epyooIo o+qv e+oi-
peIo ISI, q onoIo eneIo(e e+o(u ov vo xeIoei +o site +q kolinko ixoo+ix
yio uoqqioq...]. Opiove opio+ep oe xoi e o unoo+qpi(ov o ou+q
+qv un0eoq. lo enixev+po0qxov o+i iioI+epo xox ouv0qxe xoi +q oyo-
xpioIo +q ISI xo+ +ou nopoo internet, xoi i o+o no nopeI xoveI v ov+i+o-
0eI o+qv xoni+oio+ixq xo+onIeoq oe io ++oio e+oipeIo. Teix, voIoue +i q
peuvo xoi +o quio evnveuoov xnoiou ov0ponou. Ho oe xoi +o-
o |pqxov +qv npooyyioq o ooo+q, i vo eneiq ypqoue yio +qv epyo-
oIo o xoi eneiq xvoue x+i eiponioo+, xoi ev o+qpIoue +ou unpo-
v+e exnpooonou ou+e 0oue vo qioupyqooue vou.
A q eiqq epyo+ixov oyovov oqyeI o+o Iio npo|qo+o oe ooq e
+qv opio+ep, oov ou+ nou eIoe o+q ouei: ov ev unpei ou+evpyeio +ov
exe+oeuovov oi nopoooiox opio+ep q ouvixoio+ix opq opyvo-
oq nopouoiov+oi o q vq npox+ixq uvo++q+o vo |e+io0eI x+i. io nop-
eiyo, oi v0ponoi +pouv nIoo on x0e luvoo oqou ev unpei x+i nio
evioqpov o+qv nepioq +ou, q +pouv oe exnpooonou pi vo onox+qoouv
opxe+q enio+oouvq o+i uvei +ou yio vo poouv on voi +ou.
Aoinv, +i 0o nopouooe vo eIoe xvei xou+epo; Hpo+ov, 0o nopouoo-
e vo yoe opiovo npyo+o ooqo+epo:
Tqv xpi+ixq o o+qv opio+ep xIvqo +q ov+i-noyxooionoIqoq, xonvie
yupo on vo 0o, xo+o no ovoqpov+oi q i o+qv +o(ixq npoyo+ix+q-
+o.
l+i ev eni0uoue q Io noi+ixq opyvooq.
Aev 0o npene vo vo xpi+ixpoue, o enIoq xoi vo npo+eIvoue +q ouvepyooIo
e+o(u +ov oov nou oooouv+oi e +qv +o(ixq npoyo+ix+q+o xoi enixev+povov+oi
o+qixq+ou npoe+opioxq xo+o+ooq.
Hepioo+epo x+i oov eoq poq xoi o+o ix oou +qeqovix xv+po.
47
To yoe xo+ xoipou o ev +o xvoe xev+pix q+qo. det+epov, 0o npene
vo oue+eIoe nepioo+epo o+q ioq yio +q vo oixovoIo, oo+e v onou-
0onoiqooue +qv ev0ouoioq noqq +ov opio+epio+ov yio +o Linux xoi +o o
eeu0epo oyioix, no xoi +i ovoqoIe yio +qv uq epyooIo (...)
XXETIKA ME THN KINHTIKOTHTA KAI THN EIAIKEYMENH
KAI ANEIAIKEYTH EPIAXIA
lno no npyo+o o+ov xoni+oio, ou+q eIvoi q Io ov+iqo+ixq o+po+q-
yixq +ou xeqooIou: q onoI+qoq +ou xeqooIou yio oveiIxeu+ou epy+e oq-
yqoe +ou +eeu+oIou vo +ou+Iov+oi o xoi iy+epo e +qv epyooIo +ou. io no-
u xoip, oi ov+inpoonoi +ov +qeqovixov xv+pov noponovouv+ov yio +qv +o-
u+o+q evooyq epyoovov xoi pivov +o q+oI(io o+qv eiqq npoon+ixov
xopipo. l ou+ oinv +o oqeIo xove +qv eqvioq +q q ouvq0q quopIo
yio +ov npooiopio enoyyeo+ixov npoov+ov xoi +unixq eiIxeuoq. To ouv-
ix+o ovoeI0qxe evepy oe ou+, onoi+ov+o e(Ioou o(ionpenq enoyyo+o
yio +o +qeqovix xv+po: Eettxetc+e +ot epy+e! Aev+tx, pqctootqc+e
+qv qtotpytxo+q+u ut+ov +ov /uc+ov ytu +qv pocotxq cu et+tiu. Ep-
y+e, uvei+ut etvot, cu te x+t xu/t+epo.
1+oi, exnpoonoi +ov ouvix+ov, +ov evooeov +ov epyoo+ov xoi +ov
ypoqeIov epyooIo oeu+qxov xoi qioupyqoov vo enyyeo: +ov call-center
agent [o.+.., +o oqqvoue oe+qpoo+o yio+I +oi xi oio xoi eo +oi +o ve -
|. AyyeIe]. l ou+q +q qoq qioupyq0qxov opxe+ xv+po xo+p+ioq yio ep-
yoevou oe +qeqovix xv+po. AIvouv vo Inoo yio oeip o0q+ov on
uo o oexo qve. Ynpouv neovex+qo+o yio +ou epyo+e: npooo|-
vov+o vov inoo+ouo yvopIouv qq +i ou+ ive xnou +o nopv yio vo
io+qo xoi ei qq ei vo nqx+poyio xoi vo oe+ ixpoqovou-oxouo+ixov.
K+i nio oqov+ix, q eiooyoyq ou+ov +ov +unixov npoov+ov e(unqpe+eI +q q-
ioupyIo iepopiov oo o+qv oyop epyooIo: oi epy+e o+o +qeqovix xv+po
eIvoi opiovoi oe eiixeuvou xoi oveiIxeu+ou e +i ov+Io+oie ioqo-
p o+i epyooiox ouv0qxe, iIo o+ou io0ou. Au+q eIvoi Io +oq nou ev eI-
voi oxo eupo ioeovq, o o xoi nepioo+epo q+ouv+oi ou+ +o i-
noo+o oe ouvev+eu(ei yio ouei.
Oi epyoevoi nou nopoxoou0ouv ou+ +o o0qo+o enIouv oe xou+e-
pe ouei o enIoq +o |nouv oov vo +pno vo onoquyouv yio Iyo ou+q
+qv evoq+ixq +qeqovixq epyooIo ov q e+oipeIo nqpovei yi ou+ (...)
lno qq ovoqpoe, oi epyo+e npo+iouv +qv ex+e+ovq evooyq ep-
yoovov eneiq oo ou+q enIouv vo e(ooqoIoouv +i oi epyoevoi ev 0o
ouoyixonoiqoouv +qv ov+io+ooq +ou o+qv epyooIo. Au+ o ei xoi pio:
+ov +o xo+o yio +qv exnoIeuoq xoi +qv npoqqq oxpi|oIvei nou...q +ov ev
unpouv nov oi eiixeuvoi epyoevoi nou vo eIvoi npoe+oioovoi
vo ouqouv o ou+ +i 0oei xoi enovo oi io0oI ou(vov+oi.
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