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1o ESO
Contents
I
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
First Term
Introduction Society Citizen Organization Rule Law Violence Right Opression
5
9 11 13 15 17 19 21 23 25 27
10 Freedom
29
33
1o ESO
CONTENTS
12 Politics 13 State 14 Democracy 15 Dictature 16 Rule of Law 17 Separation of Powers 18 Executive Power 19 Legislative Power 20 Political Party 21 Public Opinion
35 37 39 41 43 45 47 49 51 53
55
59 61 63 65 67 69 71 73 75 77
CONTENTS
1o ESO
32 Autonomas
79
1o ESO
CONTENTS
Part Contents
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
9 11 13 15 17 19 21 23 25 27
10 Freedom
1o ESO
PART CONTENTS
10
Lesson 1 Introduction
In this course we are going to learn some concepts that we need in order to discuss issues of civic education. This subject is good for 1. Practising English 2. Learning concepts that are useful for Ethics and Civic Education.
1.1
Explanation
11
1o ESO
Introduction
12
Lesson 2 Society
2.1
Reading
A large house, A large shirt. A group of friends. A beautiful group of girls. A boy that lives here. A man that lives there. Some dogs that live here. Some cats that live there. The dog in this territory. The cat is in this territory. A big man is a member of the society. A calm friend is not a member of a large group. A long territory is in Spain. Some young girls are in the society. Is a member hard-working? I am not a member of the society. You are not a member of a large group.
2.2
Denition
2.3
Phonetics
2.4
Translation
1o ESO
Society
2.5
Explanation
Es un concepto variable. Las personas que viven en un territorio pueden tener costumbres, idiomas o religiones diferentes, pero se relacionan unos con otros.
2.6
Exercises
A group of animals, is a society? Why? Puedo formar parte de la misma sociedad que una persona que no conozco? Por qu? Puedo formar parte de la misma sociedad que una persona que vive en un sitio al que yo no he ido nunca? Por qu? Qu signica that live in Madrid ? Qu signica a group of friends? Write in English: Ella es simptica. Write in English: T eres un estudiante. Write in English: Un estudiante est en Mondoedo.
14
Lesson 3 Citizen
3.1
Reading
A member of a club. A member of a team. A member of a class. A great society. A good society. A peaceful state.
3.2
Denition
3.3
Phonetics
3.4
Translation
3.5
Explanation
1o ESO
Citizen
3.6
Exercises
Todas las sociedades tienen miembros? Por qu? Puede un animal ser miembro de una sociedad? Por qu? Puede haber dos sociedades en un mismo territorio? Por qu? Existen conjuntos y subconjuntos. Qu seran entonces las subsociedades? Tiene sentido hablar de la sociedad humana como un conjunto? Por qu? Write in English: Un amigo es miembro de la sociedad espaola. Eres amigo de un simptico grupo? La chica lista que vive en la sociedad espaola. Translate from English: My friends dog is not a citizen. A citizen is a member of a large group that live in a territory. A small territory in Spain that is in my town. Explica cmo es tu sociedad.
16
Lesson 4 Organization
4.1 4.2
Reading Denition
4.3
Phonetics
4.4
Translation
4.5
Explanation
Tambin objetos materiales. Contraejemplos: esperando el bus, si no comparten nes es una sociedad. Una organizacin puede (suele) tener suborganizaciones. Las organizaciones tienen que ser organizadas. Reglas: no escritas, convencionales, varan, predecir comportamiento. Denir reglas y nes. 17
1o ESO
Organization
4.6
Exercises
Who are the citizens? What are the ends of a football team? What are the rules of a football team? Why society is not an organization? Write in English: La sociedad francesa comparte territorio con gente que vive en un grupo. Write in English: Qu organizacin es popular en tu sociedad? Write in English: Un ciudadano inteligente es un miembro amistoso de una sociedad tranquila. The people that go to a supermarket, is an organization? why? Answer in English: Qu les ocurrira a un grupo de obreros si no tuvieran normas? Por qu?
18
Lesson 5 Rule
5.1 5.2
Reading Denition
5.3
Phonetics
5.4
Translation
5.5
Explanation
Naturales. Espontneas. Una manera ja de hacer las cosas. Convencionales, varan, no escritas, predecir, (todo esto en ingls), trabajo en comn. Esquema: sociedad, ciudadano, organizacin, regla. Ejemplos: denicin (grupo-diferencia), comparacin (talla). 19
1o ESO
Rule
5.6
Exercises
Write three examples of school rules. Why are rules? What we need rules for? Why? Relaciona objetivo comn con trabajo en grupo. In a society there are many organizations. Why? A person is part of many organizations? Why? Are you a member of any organization? Is the society an organization? Why? In a very large territory are many societies or only one? Why?
20
Lesson 6 Law
6.1
Reading
A rule. A hard rule. An easy rule. I am backed by my family. You are backed by your father. The teacher backed my work. Hard violence. Bad violence. Daily violence. War violence. State violence.
6.2
Denition
6.3
Phonetics
6.4
Translation
6.5
1
Explanation
21
1o ESO
Law
6.6
Exercises
What is the state? Why not every rule is a law? Why laws and normal rules are different? Why laws and normal rules are somewhat the same? Why laws are not natural? Why laws must be typied? What does it mean that laws are issued? What does it mean that laws must be issued?
22
Lesson 7 Violence
7.1
Reading
A good action. A beautiful action. I do good actions. Action that hurts. Action that is good. This make us happy. You like us. He teaches us. You are physically trimmed. She is physically well.
7.2
Denition
7.3
Phonetics
7.4
Translation
7.5
Explanation
Sticks and stones can break my bones, but words are harmless. Only the state can exert violence in some cases. Violence can be a physical punishment, a ne or a loss of freedom. In those last cases because are restrictions of freedom. 23
1o ESO
Violence
7.6
Exercises
Why violence is bad? Why violence is sometimes a need? Who has a right to be violent sometimes? What for? What violence is for? May a citizen be violent? Why? Why a ne is a kind of violence? Why physical punishments are violent? What is the commonest loss of freedom that you know about? Why is it bad?
24
Lesson 8 Right
8.1
Reading
This is something. Something that I like. Something that is here. I deserve a gift. You deserve praise. Just for coming. Just for living here. Just for being friends. A gift that we deserve. A praise that she deserves. For being brothers.
8.2
Denition
8.3
Phonetics
8.4
Translation
8.5
Explanation
Fitting characteristics of a human live. Main rights: life, freedom, safety, property, work, housing, health, leisure, rest, freedom of expression, freedom of meeting, freedom of association. 25
1o ESO
Right
8.6
Exercises
What do you deserve? Make a list of ve rights that you believe you have. What is the relation between laws and rights in a democracy? Why violence is usually against our rights? What organizations can protect our rights? Write three examples of violations of our rights. How can we dene alternatively our rights? Do animals have some rights? Why?
26
Lesson 9 Opression
9.1
Reading
Violence is bad. Violence is ugly. You are against him. He is against you. Our rights are these. You have no right here. This is against our rights.
9.2
Denition
9.3
Phonetics
9.4
Translation
9.5
Explanation
1o ESO
Opression
9.6
Exercises
Why opression is bad? What is the relation between violence and opression? Why opression is against our rights? Why law is not opression? Write an example of opression. How can dene alternatively opression? What is the relation between opression and freedom? Why? What is the relation between opression and justice? Why?
28
Lesson 10 Freedom
10.1
Reading
The teachers absence. You are absent. In absence of the principal. Opression is bad. This opresses you. They opresses us.
10.2
Denition
10.3
Phonetics
10.4
Translation
10.5
Explanation
Freedom is not doing what one wants. Freedom is not being able of doing what one wants. Freedom is the ability of doing what is lawful. 29
1o ESO
Freedom
10.6
Exercises
Why freedom is good? What is the relation between freedom and rights? Why? How do you feel when you are free? Why? Why laws are good for our freedom? Write an example of freedom. What is the relation between freedom and violence? Why? What is the relation between freedom and justice? Why? Explain how freedom is related with your life.
30
31
Part Contents
11 Power 12 Politics 13 State 14 Democracy 15 Dictature 16 Rule of Law 17 Separation of Powers 18 Executive Power 19 Legislative Power 20 Political Party 21 Public Opinion
33 35 37 39 41 43 45 47 49 51 53
1o ESO
PART CONTENTS
34
Lesson 11 Power
11.1
Reading
The control of a car. The control of a bike. I control my acts. You control your dog.
11.2
Denition
11.3
Phonetics
De control of a steit.
11.4
Translation
El control de un estado.
11.5
Explanation
This denition is only from a political point of view. Politics. Police. Policy. Polity. Politician. Polite. In Greek the word polis means town or state.
A state is the social organization that imposes laws in a territory. We will see this concept in Lesson 13.
1
35
1o ESO
Power
11.6
Exercises
Who is a member of a society? Who is a member of a state? Why we need laws? Why laws are important? Why rules are necessary? How many organizations are in a society? What relation has violence with laws? Why sometimes violence is necessary?
36
Lesson 12 Politics
12.1
Reading
The actions directed to win. The arrow directed at you. The games directed by me. To rule a team. To rule a town. To rule a state.
12.2
Denition
12.3
Phonetics
12.4
Translation
12.5
Explanation
Having an ideology. Talking. Reaching to an agreement. Convince other people. Getting ofce. Society has organizations. Organizations have rules. Organizations enforce their rules. The important rules are for everybody. The important rules are called laws. The state enforces laws. The state is an organization. The members of the state are the politicians and the civil servants. 37
1o ESO
Politics
12.6
Exercises
38
Lesson 13 State
13.1
Reading
This social group. The social ideas. A social organization. This good organization.
13.2
Denition
13.3
Phonetics
13.4
Translation
13.5
Explanation
The state is not the society. The state does not organize the whole society. Society is not fully organized. 39
1o ESO
State
13.6
Exercises
What is a state? Why the state is an organization? Is society organized? Why? What is an organization? What relation has the state with politics? What relation has the state with the laws? Does the state have rules? Why? Who are the members of a state?
40
Lesson 14 Democracy
14.1
Reading
A house where I live. A place where I live. A big state. A little state. People choose the book. People choose the pencils. The laws are good. The father protect the children. The mother protect the girl. The teachers give our lessons. Our rights are good. Our rights are ours.
14.2
Denition
A state where people choose the rulers and the laws protect our rights.
14.3
Phonetics
A steit uer piipol chuus de ralers and de loos protect aur raits.
14.4
Translation
Un estado donde la gente escoge los gobernantes y las leyes protegen nuestros derechos.
14.5
Explanation
41
1o ESO
Democracy
14.6
Exercises
What is a democracy? Who are the rulers? Who is the people? What are the laws? Why we need laws? What are our rights? What do the laws? Why our rights deserve protection?
42
Lesson 15 Dictature
15.1
Reading
15.2
Denition
An opressive state.
15.3
Phonetics
An opresiv steit.
15.4
Translation
Un estado opresivo.
15.5 15.6
Explanation Exercises
43
1o ESO
Dictature
44
16.1
Reading
A place. A place where I live. A place where my friends play. The child obeys the mother. The girl obeys the parents. The government obey. My friend obeys the laws. A house where the child obeys the parents.
16.2
Denition
16.3
Phonetics
16.4
Translation
16.5
Explanation
Es un concepto variable. 45
1o ESO
Rule of Law
16.6
Exercises
Why government must obey the laws? What are the laws? Why freedom is good? Why democracy is good? Why laws are a kind of rules? What relation has government with laws? Why we need laws? Why opression is bad?
46
17.1
Reading
The independence of my friend. Each one of my friends has a book. Each one of you. The main ideas. The main reasons. The main organizations. The roads of the state. The organizations of the state. The independence of each one.
17.2
Denition
17.3
Phonetics
17.4
Translation
17.5
Explanation
Hay suborganizaciones. 47
1o ESO
Separation of Powers
17.6
Exercises
What is the separation of powers? What is an organization? What is the state? What is being independent? What is power? What is freedom? What is oppression? What is a dictature?
48
18.1
Reading
The state laws. The state road. The state buildings. The country landscape. The country organization. An organization that exists. A friend that comes. An old man that works here. My friend works here. A friend that plays football. An organization that applies the changes. A friend that solves the problems. The country has a state. In a society there is a state. A law is a rule. Society has rules. Society has laws. The state applies the laws. It is called table. He is called Peter. She is not called Mary. It is called notebook. It is usually red. It is friendly. It is common. It is commonly red. Roses are usually red.
18.2
Denition
The state organization that applies the laws. It is commonly called Government.
18.3
Phonetics
18.4
Translation
La organizacin del estado que aplica las leyes. Es comnmente llamada Gobierno. 49
1o ESO
Executive Power
18.5 18.6
Explanation Exercises
What is the executive power? How the executive power is commonly called? What is the government? Why do we need a government? What does government do? What is an organization? What is governments end? How are called governments rules?
50
19.1
Reading
The big organization. The great organization. The students organization. My organization. Your organization. A bigger organization. A large organization. The man that makes bread. The factory that makes cars. The people that make toys. A small organization. A good state. It is commonly red. It is called Sun. It is called chair. It is commonly friendly. He is commonly here. A Parliament is for speaking. A speaker is speaking.
19.2
Denition
The state organization that makes the laws. It is commonly called Parliament.
19.3
Phonetics
19.4
Translation
La organizacin del estado que hace las leyes. Es comnmente llamada Parlamento. 51
1o ESO
Legislative Power
19.5 19.6
Explanation Exercises
What is the legislative power? What is power? Why do we need a legislative power? Why do we need an executive power? What is a government? What is a state? Why do we need a state? What is a society?
52
20.1
Reading
An old organization. A small organization. A hard-working organization. A man that tries to win. A friend that tries to pass. A man that wins at chess. A clever boy that wins at chess. According to my opinion. According to my feelings. In accordance with your words. According to this book. My ideology. A cars wheels. Its wheels. A house roof. Its roof. A boys friend. His friend. A political idea. A political organization. My party.
20.2
Denition
20.3
Phonetics
20.4
Translation
1o ESO
Political Party
20.5 20.6
Explanation Exercises
What is a political party? What is politics? What is a state? What is a society? What is an organization? What is a law? What is a rule? What is to rule?
54
21.1
Reading
The opinions of my friends. Their opinions. My opinions. Your opinions. What are your opinions? What are the opinion of their friends? Their opinions. Most of my friends are boys. Most of your friends are girls. Most people says hello. Most people like chocolate. Most men love cars. My opinions about football. Your opinions about cars. About this question. About that question. About animals. About war. About love. Food matters. Sport matters. This matter is important.
21.2
Denition
21.3
Phonetics
21.4
Translation
1o ESO
Public Opinion
21.5 21.6
Explanation Exercises
Do PRO21 on http://www.quizlet.com
56
57
Part Contents
22 Ideology 23 Social Democracy 24 Christian Democracy 25 Liberalism 26 Judiciary Power 27 Consejo General del Poder Judicial 28 Constitution 29 Constitutional Court 30 Free Market Economy 31 Electoral System 32 Autonomas
59 61 63 65 67 69 71 73 75 77 79
1o ESO
PART CONTENTS
60
Lesson 22 Ideology
22.1
Reading
A set of pencils. A set of tennis balls. A set of kitchenware. A set of toys. Ideas about sport. Ideas about food. A set of ideas. Many ideas. Few ideas. Two ideas. Clever ideas. Bright ideas. Right ideas.
22.2
Denition
22.3
Phonetics
22.4
Translation
22.5
Explanation
En poltica siempre hay formas diferentes de hacer las cosas, segn las ideas que se tengan. Las ideas polticas son un conjunto de valores, criterios, juicios y proyectos que se utilizan para dirigir las acciones del gobierno y para hacer leyes. 61
1o ESO
Ideology
22.6
Exercises
Do PRO22 on http://www.quizlet.com What is an ideology? What is to rule? Why organizations need a rule? Why the society needs a rule? What is a society? Write three examples of organization? Write three examples of right? What is the relation between freedom and law?
62
23.1
Reading
A friend that goes. A man that comes. The book that I read. A friend that is a citizen. The ideology that puts freedom. The society that has an organization. An organization that has members. The main end of an organization. The main end of my friend.
23.2
Denition
23.3
Phonetics
23.4
Translation
23.5
Explanation
Los social-demcratas son partidarios de recaudar impuestos y utilizarlos para compensar las diferencias econmicas de las personas. 63
1o ESO
Social Democracy
23.6
Exercises
Do PRO23 on http://www.quizlet.com
64
24.1
Reading
A friend in the house. A dog in the street. An animal in the wood. An ideology of my friend. An idea inspired in love. An inspired friend. A strange doctrine. A friends doctrine. The Christian doctrines. A doctrine is an idea. My friends ideas are good. Those doctrines are good.
24.2
Denition
24.3
Phonetics
24.4
Translation
24.5
Explanation
65
1o ESO
Christian Democracy
24.6
Exercises
Do PRO24 on http://www.quizlet.com
66
Lesson 25 Liberalism
25.1
Reading
An ideology. A friend that wants an apple. An apple that is in the table. A table that is in the room. A friend that puts an apple. Liberalism is an ideology. Social Democracy is an ideology. Christian Democracy is an ideology. This is the main end. You are my best friend. You as my friend.
25.2
Denition
25.3
Phonetics
25.4
Translation
25.5 25.6
Explanation Exercises
Do PRO25 on http://www.quizlet.com 67
1o ESO
Liberalism
68
26.1
Reading
The friend that controls everything. The man that controls everybody. That my friend studies. That I know you. I know that you are my friend. Everybody obeys me. Everybody obeys you. Everybody punishes you. The law book. The book club. The football players. The law infractor. It is commonly here. It is called Francisco. It is called palace.
26.2
Denition
The state organization that controls that everybody obeys the law and punishes the law infractors. It is commonly called Courts.
26.3
Phonetics
De steit organisixon dat controls dat evribodi obeis de loo and pnixis de loo infractors. It is comonli cold courts.
26.4
Translation
La organizacin del estado que controla que todo el mundo obedece la ley y castiga a los infractores de la ley. Es comnmente llamada Los tribunales. 69
1o ESO
Judiciary Power
26.5 26.6
Explanation Exercises
Do PRO26 on http://www.quizlet.com
70
27.1 27.2
Reading Denition
27.3
Phonetics
27.4
Translation
27.5
Explanation
Los jueces son independientes, pero tienen que decidir cuestiones de organizacin.
27.6
Exercises
Do PRO27 on http://www.quizlet.com 71
1o ESO
72
Lesson 28 Constitution
28.1
Reading
The most important friend. The most beautiful. The less money. The most nice girl. The most friendly boy. The important law. The right law. The Spanish law. A friend in a state. A man in a country. All friends must be here. All players must play fairly. I am in agreement with you. You are in agreement with your mother.
28.2
Denition
The most important law in a state. All laws must be in agreement with the Constitution.
28.3
Phonetics
28.4
Translation
La ley ms importante en un estado. Todas las leyes deben estar de acuerdo con la Constitucin. 73
1o ESO
Constitution
28.5 28.6
Explanation Exercises
Do PRO28 on http://www.quizlet.com
74
29.1
Reading
The court is here. I am in the court. The lawyer is in the court. The judge is in the court. I control you. My father controls me. The mother that controls that. The kid plays well. The friend that controls your homework. All laws are in agreement with this. This is in agreement with the Constitution. All men are in agreement.
29.2
Denition
The court that controls that all laws are in agreement with the Constitution.
29.3
Phonetics
29.4
Translation
El tribunal que controla que todas las leyes estn de acuerdo con la Constitucin. 75
1o ESO
Constitutional Court
29.5
Explanation
The Constitution is the chief law of a state. All laws must obey what the Constitution says. No law can say anything if the Constitution says the contrary. But sometimes the Parliament issues laws that contradict the Constitution. Somebody must say that these laws are void and null. And this is the task of the Constitutional Court.
29.6
Exercises
Do PRO29 on http://www.quizlet.com
76
30.1
Reading
It is my system. It is a sport system. Economics. Economy. Economic. Economic issues. Economic system. The movie is based in a novel. This movie is based in History. My private property is mine. This property is private. I have liberty to come. You have liberty to watch TV. I want to buy this. I want to play football. To come and go is normal. To eat and drink is normal.
30.2
Denition
It is the economical system based in private property and the liberty to buy and sell.
30.3
Phonetics
It is de ecnomical sistem beist in priveit properti and de lberti to bai and sel.
30.4
Translation
1o ESO
30.5 30.6
Explanation Exercises
Do PRO30 on http://www.quizlet.com
78
31.1
Reading
It is my way. This is the way. This is not the way. A way used to go. A way to London. Used to clean dishes. I want to choose this book. I want to choose you. Representative of you. My representative. Representative of mine. Representative of the parents.
31.2
Denition
31.3
Phonetics
31.4
Translation
31.5 31.6
Explanation Exercises
Do PRO31 on http://www.quizlet.com 79
1o ESO
Electoral System
80
Lesson 32 Autonomas
32.1
Reading
Here you are a student. Here you are the boss. The state roads. The big organizations. The men that come. The power of government. A table in the room. The countrys regions. The countrys road.
32.2
Denition
In Spain they are the state organizations that have power in the countrys regions.
32.3
Phonetics
32.4
Translation
En Espaa, son las organizaciones del estado que tienen poder en las regiones del pas.
32.5 32.6
Explanation Exercises
Do PRO32 on http://www.quizlet.com 81