Escolar Documentos
Profissional Documentos
Cultura Documentos
Dot Product
A scalar quantity Magnitude:
r r r r A " B = A B cos !
The dot product can be positive, zero, or negative Two types of projections: the dot product is the parallel component of one vector with respect to the second vector times the magnitude of the second vector
r r r r r A " B = A (cos ! ) B = A B
r r r r r A " B = A (cos ! ) B = A B
!k =1 i ! i = j! j=k = =0 i ! j= i !k j!k
Example:
r r j + B k , B= B A = Ax i + Ayj + Az k i + B x y z r r A ! B = Ax Bx + Ay By + Az Bz
Kinetic Energy
Velocity
r v = vx i + vy j + vz k
Kinetic Energy:
1 r r 1 2 2 K = m( v ! v ) = m( vx + v2 + v )"0 y z 2 2
1 2 1 2 1 r r 1 r r mv f " mv0 = m( v f # v f ) " m( v 0 # v 0 ) 2 2 2 2 1 1 2 2 2 2 2 2 m( vx + v + v ) " m ( v + v + v ) ,f y, f z, f x ,0 y ,0 z ,0 2 2
= ( Fx i + Fy j) " (#x i ) = Fx #x
A tetherball of mass m is attached to a post of radius by a string. Initially it is a distance r0 from the center of the post and it is moving tangentially with a speed v0 . The string passes through a hole in the center of the post at the top. The string is gradually shortened by drawing it through the hole. Ignore gravity and any dissipative forces. Until the ball hits the post, does the kinetic energy of the ball change or remains constant. Explain your answer.
A tetherball of mass m is attached to a post of radius R by a string. Initially it is a distance r0 from the center of the post and it is moving tangentially with a speed v0. The string wraps around the outside of the post. Ignore gravity and any dissipative forces. Until the ball hits the post, does the kinetic energy of the ball change or remains constant. Explain your answer.
dW = Fx dx + Fy dy + Fz dz
Consider a magnetic rail gun that shoots an object of mass m radially away from the surface of the earth (mass me). When the object leaves the rail gun it is at a distance ri from the center of the earth moving with speed vi . What speed of the object as a function of distance from the center of the earth?
Consider an object of mass m moving towards the sun (mass ms). Initially the object is at a distance r0 from the center of the sun. The object moves to a final distance rf from the center of the sun. How much work does the gravitational force between the sun and the object do on the object during this motion?
Fx = max , Fy = ma y , Fz = maz
Total work:
W=
r r r =r f r r r = r0 r r r =r f r r r = r0
"
r r F ! dr =
r r r =r f r r r = r0
"
r r r =r f
Fx dx +
r r r = r0
"
r r r =r f
Fy dy +
r r r =r f
r r r = r0
"
Fz dz
becomes
W=
r r r =r f
max dx +
r r r = r0
ma y dy +
r r r = r0
maz dz
dvx
zf
W = !K
Instantaneous Power
r r r r dW d
d
r
r r F
! d
P =
=
(
r
) =
F
!
=
F
!
v
dt dt
dt
dK 1 d
r r r r r r " d
r %
r =
m
(
v
!
v
) = m
$
v
' !
v
= m
a
!
v
=
F
!
v
= P
# dt
&
dt
2 dt
For information about citing these materials or our Terms of Use, visit: http://ocw.mit.edu/terms.