FCDCC ဖက္ဒရယ္မူ

zuf'&,fjynfaxmifpo k RwjrefrmEdik if H
zGp@J nf;yHt
k ajccHOya'
('kw,
d rl=urf;)
The Constitution of
the Federal Republic
of the Union of Burma
(Second Draft)
zuf'&,fzp@GJ nf;yHtk ajccHOya' (rl=urf;)

a&;qJaG &;ESihf ndE i_d ;f r_aumfrwD
Federal Constitution Drafting and
Coordinating Committee
(FCDCC)
(Adopted on 12 February 2008)

xkwaf 0ESpf
2008 ckEpS f (yxrt}udr)f
rlyikd f
zuf'&,fzpJG nf;yHtk ajccHOya' (rl=urf;)
a&;qGaJ &;ESihf ndE id_ ;f r_aumfrwD
FCDCC
xkwaf 0/ jzef@csD
zuf'&,fzpJG nf;yHtk ajccHOya' (rl=urf;)
a&;qGaJ &;ESihf ndE id_ ;f r_aumfrwD
FCDCC
P. O. Box - 40
Mae Sot, Tak 63110
Thailand
&
P. O. Box - 49
Chiang Mai University
Chiang Mai, 50202
Thailand
Email: ncub@ncub.org
office@encburma.org
Website: www.encburma.org
Design & Layout:

Sai Mawn (UNLD-LA)
With generous financial support from

the Royal Danish Foreign Ministry and
the Danish Burma Committee
rmwdum
Contents
ed'ge;f (Preamble) ................................................................................... 5

tcef; (1) zuf'&,fjynfaxmifp.
k 0daoovuQ%mrsm; ............... 7
Chapter (1) Form of the Federal Union
tcef; (2) tcGit

hf a&;rsm;/ &ydik cf iG rhf sm;ESihf wm0efrsm; .................... 9
Chapter (2) Bill of Rights, Guarantees and Duties
tcef; (3) zuf'&,fjynfaxmifpt

k zG@J 0ifjynfe,frsm; ..................... 19
Chapter (3) Member States of the Federal Union
tcef; (4) zuf'&,fjynfaxmifpv k w$ af wmf .................................... 24

(u) trsK;d om;v$waf wmf
(c) jynfo@l vw
$ af wmf
Chapter (4) Assembly of the Federal Union
(A) Chamber of Nationalities
(B) Chamber of Peoples Representative
tcef; (5) zuf'&,fjynfaxmifpk Oya'jyKjcif; ............................... 34

Chapter (5) Federal Legislation
tcef; (6) zuf'&,fjynfaxmifpo

k rRw .......................................... 41
Chapter (6) Federal President
tcef; (7) zuf'&,fjynfaxmifpt

k pd;k & ......................................... 47
Chapter (7) Federal Government
tcef; (8) zuf'&,fjynfaxmifpw

k &m;pD&ifa&; ............................. 52
Chapter (8) Federal Judiciary
tcef; (9) Ekid if o

H m;jzpfjcif; ............................................................ 57
Chapter (9) Citizenship
tcef; (10) zuf'&,fjynfaxmifpu
k muG,af &;ESiv
hf +kH cKH a&; ................ 60
Chapter (10) Federal Defense and Security Services
tcef; (11) ta&;ay:tajctae .................................................... 64

Chapter (11) State of Emergency
tcef; (12) taxGaxGjyXmef;csurf sm; ............................................. 69

Chapter (12) General Provisions
tcef; (13) toGiu

f ;l ajymif;a&;umvqdik &f mjyXmef;csurf sm; .............. 75
Chapter (13) Transitional Provisions
tcef; (14) zJ@G pnf;yHt

k ajccHOya'jyifqifjcif; ..................................... 77
Chapter (14) Amendments of Constitution
Federal Constitution (Second Draft)
ed'ge;f (Preamble)
vGwv f yfr/_ wef;wlr/_ w&m;r#wr_ wnf;[laom avmuygvw&m;udk OD;xdyf

xm;v#uf u|Eyfk w f @kd zuf'&,fjynfaxmifpEk ikd if o
H m;wd@k onf +idr;f csr;f om,m
0ajymI xm0pOft"Gef@&SnfwnfwHhcdkif+rJrnfh zuf'&,fjynfaxmifpkudk
pkaygif;nDnm wnfaqmuftHhaomiSm Tzuf'&,fjynfaxmifpkzGJ@pnf;yHk
tajccHOya'udk a&;qGjJ yXmef;tyfayonf?
T zuf'&,fjynfaxmifpek ,fajrtwGi;f Y wdik ;f &if;om;vlrsKd ;aygi;f pHw k @kd onf
a&S;ya0o%Duyif ud, k x
hf ;D ud,
k ef ef; ud, k =hf uiSe;f jzifh vGwv f yfpmG aexdik cf hJ
=uayonf? wdik ;f &if;om;vlrsK;d aygi;f pHw k @kd onf ordik ;f acwftqufqufwiG f
oD;jcm;vGwv f yfpmG aexdik cf =hJ uaomfvnf; +Aw d o
d #uv kd ekd eD ,fcs@J . odr;f yduk rf _
atmufwiG f ESpaf ygi;f rsm;pGm twlwuGu|ejf yKjcif; cHc=hJ u&ygonf? xd@k a=umifh
rdrw
d @kd qH;k &H;_ cJ=h uaom vGwv f yfa&;ESihf tcsKyftjcmtm%mwd@k ukd twlwuG
jyefvnf&,l+yD; jynfaxmifp}k uD;udyk g w+ydKifeufxal xmif&ef yifvn kH v D mcH
}uD;udk 1947ckEpS w f iG f ac:,lusi;f ycJ=h uonf?
trsdK;om;wef;wla&;/ udk,fydkifjyXmef;cGifhESifh 'Drdkua&pDtcGifhta&;rsm;udk
OD;wnf&nfrSef;I yifvHkpmcsKyf}uD;wGif nDnmzszs vufrSwfa&;xdk;cJh=u+yD;
vGwv f yfa&;udk vuf0,fyikd yf ikd f jyefvnf&&Sad pumrl/ oufqidk &f m tm%mydik f
rsm;u taumiftxnfazmfaqmif&u G &f ef ysuuf u
G cf =hJ uonft h wGuf &mpk
ESp0f ufausmf jynfwiG ;f ppfr;D awmufavmifc+hJ yD; vl@touft;kd tdrpf nf;pdrf
aygi;f rsm;pGm qH;k &H;_ cJ&h avonf? xd@k tjyif 1962 ckEpS rf pS I tqufqufaom
tm%m&Sifpepfq;kd wd@k a=umifh 'Dru kd a&pDEiS hf vl@tcGithf a&;wd@k qdwo f Ok ;f cJ&h
onfomru 1947 ckEpS w f iG f wef;wla&;tajccHrjl zifh jynfaxmifpt k zG@J 0ifrsm;
jzpfvmcJh=uaom wdkif;&if;om;vlrsKd;rsm;. udk,fydkifjyXmef;cGifhyg qHk;&H_;cJh&
avonf? xd@k a=umifh jynfaxmifpo k m;tm;vH;k &ifeifzh , G }f uHKawG@c&hJ aom
tawG@t}uHKESihf cg;oD;pGmcHpm;cJ&h aom tjzpftysurf sm;udk u|Eyfk w f @kd onf
arhavsmjh cif;iSm rjyKtyfay?
xdo
k @kd aom twdwu f mv.trSm;rsm;udk a&SmifvEJ$ ikd &f efEiS hf u|Eyfk wf @kd tm;vH;k .
tem*wf&nfreS ;f csurf sm;udk azmfaqmifEikd &f eftvd@k imS - wdik ;f &if;om;vlrsKd ;rsm;
tm;vH;k Edik if aH &;ESiv
hf rl sKd ;a&;t& wef;wla&;/ ud,
k yf ikd jf yXmef;cGi&hf jynfe,frsm;
5
zuf'&,fjynfaxmifpzk JG pnf;yHt
k ajccHOya' ('kw,
d rl-urf;)
jzifh jynfaxmifpzk @JG pnf;a&;/ 'Dru

dk a&pD/ vl@tcGit
hf a&;ESihf usm;-r wef;wla&;
tay: tmrcHa&;/ wdik ;f &if;om;vlrsKd ;pkvel nf;pkrsm;. tcGit hf a&;twGuf
tmrcHa&;/ Edik if aH &;ESihf bmoma&; a&maxG;r_uif;pifa&;ESihf ppftm%m&Sif
pepf xyfrrH ay:vmapa&;twGuf t&yfom;tkycf sKyaf &;atmufwiG f ppfwyfukd
xm;&Sad &; tp&Sad om tajccHr}l u;D rsm;udk ausm¶d;k r¾dKijf yKI a&;qGjJ yXmef;onfh
zuf'&,fjynfaxmifpk zG@J pnf;yHt k ajccHOya'}uD; jzpfygonf?
xd@k a=umifh Tzuf'&,fjynfaxmifpk zG@J pnf;yHt k ajccHOya'onf vGwv f yfr. _
toD;tyGirhf sm;udk rdrw d @kd twGuo f mru aemifvmaemufom; om;pOfajr;
qufrsm;txd &&Scd pH m;ap+yD;/ tarSmifuckd iG ;f I tvif;udak qmifbo d uJoh @kd
twdw. f tedXm¶Hrk sm;udk vH;k 0ysuyf s,u
f ,
G af ysmufapv#uf urBmt h v,fwiG f
0ifhxnfpGm &yfwnfEdkifonfh vGwfvyfI tcsKyftjcmtm%mydkifaom
zuf'&,fjynfaxmifpk jrefrmEdik if aH wmf}uD;. tjrifq h ;kH Oya'tjzpf vduk ef m
usio hf ;kH Edik &f eftwGuf tcdik tf rmjyXmef;vduk o f nf?
6
tcef; (1)
zuf'&,fjynfaxmifpk. 0daoovQ%mrsm;
Form of Federal Union
yk'rf (1) zuf'&,fjynfaxmifpo
k rRwjrefrmEdik if H
zuf'&,fjynfaxmifpkorRwjrefrmEdkifiHonf vGwfvyfI tcsKyftjcm
tm%mydik f 'Dru
kd a&pDzuf'&,fjynfaxmifpo k rRwEdik if H jzpfonf? ,if;udk
zuf'&,fjynfaxmifpo k rRwjrefrmEdik if H [k ac:wGiaf p&rnf?
yk'rf (2) jynfaxmifpzk @JG pnf;jcif;
ud, k yf ikd jf yXmef;cGihf tjynft h 0&SI
d wef;wlaom Ekid if aH &;tm%mrsm;udk T
zG@J pnf;yHt k ajccHOya'ESit hf nD tyfEiS ;f jcif;cH&onfh jynfe,frsm;jzifh zuf'&,f
jynfaxmifpu k kd zG@J pnf;ap&rnf?
yk'rf (3) tcsKyftjcmtm%m
zuf'&,fjynfaxmifp.
k tcsKyftjcmtm%mwd@k onf Edik if o
H m;wd@k . vuf
0,fY wnf&o
dS nf?
yk'rf (4) tcsKyftjcmtm%mcH,lusifhoHk;jcif;
(u) tcsKyftjcmtm%mudk yHrk eS u f si;f y+rJjzpfaom vGwv f yfI w&m;r#w
onfh taxGaxGa&G;aumufyrJG sm;rSwqifh v#Kd @0u S rf aJ y;pepfjzifh Edik if o
H m;
wk@d u a&G;cs,cf ef@tyfonfh v$waf wmfu, kd pf m;vS,rf sm;u TzG@J pnf;yHk
tajccHOya'yg jyXmef;csurf sm;ESit hf nD cH,u l sio
hf ;kH ap&rnf?
(c) zuf'&,fjynfaxmifpk. tcsKyftjcmtm%mudk TzGJ@pnf;yHktajccH
Oya't& wnfaxmifz@JG pnf;xm;onfh jynfaxmifpv k w
$ af wmf/ jynf
axmifpt k pd;k &/ jynfaxmifpk w&m;v$waf wmfcsKyfEiS hf w&m;&H;k rsm;u
usio hf ;kH ap&rnf?
yk'rf (5) tm%mcGJjcm;r_
tcsKyftjcmtm%m. yifr r¾dKifo;kH &yfjzpfaom Oya'jyKr_tm%m/ tkycf sKyf
r_tm%mESifh w&m;pD&ifa&;tm%mwdk@udk cGJjcm;usihfoHk;ap&rnfhtjyif
tm%mw&yfEiS whf &yft=um; tjyeftvSex f ed ;f ndr _ &Sad p&rnf?
7
k ajccHOya' ('kw,
d rl-urf;)
yk'rf (6) tm%mcGaJ 0usio

hf ;kH jcif;
zuf'&,fjynfaxmifpEk iS hf zuf'&,fjynfaxmifpt
k zG@J 0if jynfe,frsm;t=um;
wGif TzG@J pnf;yHt
k ajccHOya'ESit
hf nD tm%mrsm;udk cGaJ 0usiohf ;kH ap&rnf?
yk'rf (7) bmoma&;udk tajcrcHaomEkid if H
(u) zuf'&,fjynfaxmifpo
k nf Edik if aH &;ESihf bmoma&; a&mpyfjcif;r&Sad pbJ/
bmoma&;udk tajcrcHaomEdik if H jzpfap&rnf?
(c) rnfonfh bmomt,l0g'udkr# EdkifiHawmfbmomtjzpf jyXmef;jcif;
r&Sad p&?
yk'rf (8) e,ferd w
d f
zuf'&,fjynfaxmifp. k ajrxk/ a&xk/ avxkyg0ifaom e,ferdwo f nf T
zG@J pnf;yHtk ajccHOya'twnfjyKjyXmef;onfah e@wiG f wnf&o dS nft
h wdik ;f jzpf
onf? zuf'&,fjynfaxmifpt k zG@0J if jynfe,frsm;tm;vH;k . oabmwlncD suf
ryg&b dS J zuf'&,fjynfaxmifp.k e,ferd w d u
f kd jyifqifjcif; rjyKap&?
yk'rf (9) Edik if aH &;pepf
(u) zuf'&,fjynfaxmifp. k Edik if aH &;pepfonf ygwpD 'kH rD u
kd a&pDpepf jzpfonf?
(c) Edik if aH &;ygwrD sm;udk 'Drukd a&pDtajccHrrl sm;/ usiphf Ofrsm;ESit hf nD vGwv f yf
pGmzG@J pnf;xlaxmifEikd o f nf?
(*) EdkifiHa&;ygwDrsm;qdkif&mOya'udk zuf'&,fjynfaxmifpkv$wfawmfu
jyXmef;ay;&rnf?
yk'rf (10) tjrifhqHk;Oya'
zuf'&,fjynfaxmifpkwGif TzGJ@pnf;yHktajccHOya'onf tjrifhqHk;Oya'
jzpfonf?
8
tcef; (2)
tcGit
hf a&;rsm;/ &ydik cf iG rhf sm;ESihf wm0efrsm;
Bill of Rights, Guarantees and Duties
tajccHtcGit
hf a&;rsm; (Fundamental Rights)
yk'rf (11) ud,

k yf ikd t
f cGit
hf a&;rsm;
zuf'&,fjynfaxmifpt k wGi;f aexdik o f wl idk ;f onf
(u) touf&iS f &yfwnfyikd cf iG hf &Sad p&rnf?
(c) vlrsKd;/ Zmwd/ udk;uG,f&mbmom/ tom;ta&mif/ tqifhtwef;/
touft&G,/f vdiEf iS hf vdipf w d uf jJG ym;r_ rsm;a=umifh cGjJ cm;r_r&Sad p&bJ
w&m;Oya'a&SarSmufwiG f wef;wltcGit hf a&; &Sad p&rnf?
(*) vGwv f yfpmG awG;ac:,H=k unfciG hf &Sad p&rnf?
(C) vly*k Kd~ vfwOD;tjzpf w&m;0if todtrSwjf yK cHyikd cf iG &hf +dS yD; vl@*%
k o f u
d mQ
tm; av;pm;apr_EiS hf umuG,af y;r_ &,lyikd cf iG hf &Sad p&rnf?
yk'rf (12) tajccHvw
G v
f yfciG hf
zuf'&,fjynfaxmifpt k wGi;f aexdik of l rnforl qdk
(u) u|ejf yKjcif;rcHap&?
(c) twif;t"rRapckid ;f cH&jcif; r&Sad p&?
(*) ESdyfpufnif;yrf;jcif;/ vdifydkif;qdkif&m apmfum;r_jyKjcif;/ vlrqefaom
&ufpufpmG jyKrl qufqjH cif; rcHap&?
yk'fr (13) &kyo
f rd ;f ydik cf iG rhf &Sad om tcGit
hf a&;rsm;
txuf yk'rf (11) yg ud, k yf idk t
f cGit
hf a&;rsm;ESihf yk'rf (12) yg tajccHvw G v
f yf
cGirhf sm;udk rnfonft
h ajctae atmufwiG rf # &kyo f rd ;f ydik cf iG hf r&Sad p&?
yk'rf (14) tajccH&ydik cf iG hf
zuf'&,fjynfaxmifpt k wGi;f aexdik o
f w
l ikd ;f onf
(u) vGwfvyfpGm xkwfazmfajymqdkcGifh/ yHkESdyfxkwfa0cGifh/ owif;&,lcGifh/
owif;jzef@cscD iG hf &Sad p&rnf?
9
k ajccHOya' ('kw,
d rl-urf;)
(c) vGwv f yfpmG bmomw&m; ud;k uG,cf iG /hf bmoma&; xH;k wrf;pOfvmrsm;
udk usio hf ;kH cGi&hf adS p&rnf?
(*) vGwv f yfpmG pka0;cGiEhf iS hf +idr;f csr;f pGmqENjycGihf &Sad p&rnf?
(C) Edik if aH &;cdv k c_H iG hf awmif;cHyikd cf iG hf &Sad p&rnf?
(i) Tyk'rf yg vGwv f yfciG rhf sm;udk usio hf ;kH &mwGif 'Dru
kd a&pDtajccHrrl sm;/
usiphf Ofrsm;udk qef@usijf cif;/ jynfo@l use;f rma&;ESihf jynfow l @kd . ud,
k u
f sihf
w&m;udk xdcu kd yf sujf ym;apEdik jf cif;rsm; jzpfay:vmygu uef@owf[ef@
wm;onfh Oya'udk jynfaxmifpv k w $ af wmfu jyXmef;Edik af p&rnf?
yk'rf (15) ud,
k yf ikd v
f w
G v
f yfciG hf tcGit
hf a&;
zuf'&,fjynfaxmifpt k wGi;f aexdik of l rnforl qdk
(u) rdr. d aetdr/f rdom;pk pmay;pm,ltygt0if ud, k yf ikd v
f w
G v
f yfrw_ @kd ukd
Oya'ESit hf nDr[kwaf om aESmif, h uS jf cif;/ rdr.d odumQ ESihf *k%o f wif;udk
Oya'ESit hf nD r[kwaf omenf;jzifh xdcu dk jf cif; rcHxu kd af p&?
(c) Oya'ESirhf nDaomenf;jzifh vly*k Kd~ vfu&kd mS azGc&H jcif;/ aetdrOf ypmtwGi;f
0ifa&muf&mS azG cH&jcif;wd@k EiS hf if;wd@k ydik qf ikd of nfyh pPn;f odr;f ,lc&H jcif;rS
vH+k cHKr_ cHpm;ydik cf iG hf &Sad p&rnf?
yk'rf (16) usm;-r wef;wltcGit
hf a&;
zuf'&,fjynfaxmifpt k wGi;f aexdik o
f w
l idk ;f onf Edik if aH &;/ pD;yGm;a&;/ vlra_ &;/
,Ofaus;r_EiS hf rdom;pktp&So
d nfeh ,fy,ftoD;oD;Y usm;-r wef;wltcGihf
ta&; &Sad p&rnf?
yk'rf (17) Edik if o
H m;jzpfciG hf tcGit
hf a&;
zuf'&,fjynfaxmifpt k wGi;f aexdik o f w
l idk ;f onf zuf'&,fjynfaxmifpk
Oya'jyXmef;csurf sm;ESit
hf nD Ekid if o
H m;tjzpf av#mufxm;ydik cf iG hf &So
d nf?
yk'rf (18) zrf;qD;csKyfaESmifc&H ol.tcGit
hf a&;
(u) zuf'&,fjynfaxmifpt k wGi;f aexdik of rl nforl # jypfru
_ sL;vGeo
f nf[k
xifjrif,q l Edik b
f ,
G &f m cdik v
f akH omta=umif;r&Sbd J oHo,jzifh csKyfaESmif
cH&jcif;/ axmifoiG ;f tusO;f cs cH&jcif; r&Sad p&?
10
(c) zrf;qD;csKyfaESmifc&H olwikd ;f tay: qufq&H mwGif vl@*% k o f u d mQ ESithf nD

qufqrH _ cHxu kd af p&rnf?
(*) zrf;qD;csKyfaESmifc&H ol rnfo@l urkd qdk 0&rf;t&r[kwv f #if (24) em&D
xufausmv f eG If csKyfaESmifxm;jcif; r&Sad p&? (24) em&Dxufausmv f eG I
f
csKyfaESmif&efvakH vmufaom ta=umif;&Sv d #if tm%m&So d nfh oufqikd f
&mw&m;&H;k od@k tpD&ifcw H ifjy+yD; w&m;ol}uD;wOD;OD;. csKyfred @f jzifo h m
wnfqw J &m;Oya'rsm;ESit hf nD qufvufcsKyfaESmifyikd cf iG hf &Sad p&rnf?
yk'rf (19) jypfrq
_ ikd &f mpGq
J jkd cif;
(u) rnforl qdk jypfrw _ ckcEk iS hf w&m;pGq J jkd cif;cH&ygu
(1) tqdyk gjypfrE_ iS hf pGq J x
kd m;a=umif;udk aESmifah ES;jcif;r&Sd =um;odap&rnf?
(2) tjrefq;kH tcsed u f mvtwGi;f ppfaq;=um;em&rnf?
(3) w&m;pGq J jkd cif;cH&ol. qENEiS q hf ef@usiI f oufaoxGuq f &kd ef twif;
t=uyfjyKjcif; rcHap&?
(4) Oya'ESit hf nD ckcaH csycGit hf jynft h 0 &Sad p&rnf?
(5) w&m;pGq J jkd cif; cH&ol.ud, k pf m; Oya'tusKd ;aqmif iSm;&rf;xkacsyikd f
cGi&hf adS p&rnf?
(6) w&m;pGq J jkd cif; cH&ol em;vnfEikd af om bmompum;jzifh ppfaq;=um;
emr_ukd cH,yl ikd cf iG hf &Sad p&rnf? ,if;od@k aqmif&u G &f ef tcuftcJ&ydS gu
pum;jyef. tultnDukd &,lyikd cf iG hf &Sad p&rnf?
(c) =um;emaom w&m;cGit f m;vH;k onf trsm;jynfol wufa&mufEikd af om
w&m;pD&ifa&; jzpf&rnf?
yk'rf (20) w&m;pD&ifjcif;ESihf jypf'%f
(u) jypfrj_ zpfymG ;pOf tcsed u f mvY twnfjzpfaeaom w&m;Oya't&om
pD&if&rnf?
(c) vl@*%k o f u d mQ udk ndK ;EGr;f ao;odraf paom jypf'%frsm; rcsrw S &f ?
(*) w&m;aov$wfjcif;cH&+yD;ol rnfolwOD;wa,mufudkr# tqdkygjypfr_
twGuf xyfrpH pfaq;pD&ifjcif; rjyK&?
(C) rnforl qdk jypfrw _ cktwGuf w}urd x f ufyI
kd jypf'%fcsrw
S jf cif; rcHap&?
(i) rnfonfh Oya'r# aemufa=umif;jyeftm%m oufa&mufjcif; r&Sad p&?
11
k ajccHOya' ('kw,
d rl-urf;)
Edik if o
H m;ESihf Edik if aH &;qdik &f mtcGit
hf a&;rsm;
(Civil and Political Rights)
yk'rf (21) vGwv

f yfpmG oGm;vmcGihf
zuf'&,fjynfaxmifpk Edik if o
H m;wdik ;f onf jynfaxmifpt
k wGi;f vGwv
f yfpmG
oGm;vmcGihf &Sad p&rnf?
yk'rf (22) jynfyod@k xu
G cf mG cGi/hf jyefvnf0ifa&mufciG hf
zuf'&,fjynfaxmifpk Ekid if o
H m;wdik ;f onf jynfaxmifprk S jynfyod@k xu
G cf mG cGi/hf
jynfyrS jynfaxmifpo
k @kd jyefvnf0ifa&mufciG hf &Sad p&rnf?
yk'rf (23) vufxyfxrd ;f jrm;jcif;qdik &f mtcGit
hf a&;
(u) t&G,af &muf+yD;olwidk ;f onf vlrsK;d / bmom/ tqift h wef;rcGjJ cm;bJ
vGwv f yfaom oabmqENEiS t hf nD vufxyfyikd cf iG hf &Sad p&rnf?
(c) vufxyfxdrf;jrm;jcif;onf rdrd.bmomw&m;ESifh vlrsdK;o¾mef
a&G;cs,rf t
_ cGit
hf a&;udk tvdt
k avsmuf ajymif;vJjcif; rjzpfap&? rdr. d
vGwv f yfaom qENoabmxm;t&omv#if jzpfap&rnf?
yk'rf (24) Edik if aH &;tcGit
hf a&;
t&G,af &mufoEl ikd if o
H m;wdik ;f onf
(u) wdu k &f u
kd af omfvnf;aumif; vGwv f yfpmG a&G;cs,w f ifajrmufxm;aom
ud,k pf m;vS,rf sm;rSwqifah omfvnf;aumif;/ Edik if aH &;qdik &f mudprP sm;wGif
yg0ifaqmif&u G cf iG &hf adS p&rnf?
(c) vGwv f yfaom qENazmfjyr_ukd tmrcHonfh v#Kd @0u S /f wdu k &f u kd /f vGwvf yfI
w&m;r#wr_&Sdaom yHkrSeftaxGaxG a&G;aumufyGJrsm;wGifaomfvnf;
aumif;/ tcgtm;avsmpf mG usi;f yaom a&G;aumufyrJG sm;wGiaf omfvnf;
aumif;/ qENraJ y;ydik cf iG Ehf iS hf a&G;cs,wf ifajrmufcyH ikd cf iG hf &Sad prnf?
yk'rf (25) tzG@J tpnf;rsm;wnfaxmifciG hf
(u) zuf'&,fjynfaxmifpEk ikd if o
H m;wdik ;f onf zuf'&,fjynfaxmifpv k w $ f
awmfu jyXmef;aom Oya'ESit hf nD vGwv f yfpmG toif;tzG@J rsm; zG@J pnf;
wnfaxmifciG /hf or*~rsm;xlaxmifciG Ehf iS hf yg0ifciG &hf adS p&rnf?
12
(c) rnforl # toif;tzG@J wckco

k @kd 0ifa&muf&ef twif;tusyjf yKrjl cif;rcHap&?
pD;yGm;a&;/ vlra_ &;/ ,Ofaus;r_qikd &f mtcGit

hf a&;rsm;ESihf wm0efrsm;
(Economic, Social and Cultural Rights and Duties)
yk'fr (26) ypPn;f ydik q

f ikd cf iG hf
(u) EkdifiHom;wdkif;onf w&m;ojzifh &SmazG&&Sdxm;aom ypPnf;OpPmrsm;
ydik q f ikd cf iG /hf v$aJ jymif;cGi/hf xkcaJG &mif;csyikd cf iG /hf tarGqufcyH ikd cf iG hf &S&d rnf?
(c) Edik if o
H m;wdik ;f . ypPn;f OpPmydik q f ikd cf iG u
hf kd trsm;jynfot l usK;d twGuo f m
v#if Oya'ESit hf nD &kyo f rd ;f r_ jyKvkyEf ikd af p&rnf? &kyo f rd ;f cH&ol.tusK;d ESihf
trsm;jynfow l @kd .tusK;d udk w&m;r#wpGmcsed q f I xdu k w f efaomavsmf
a=u;ay;+yD;rSom odr;f ,lciG hf &Sad p&rnf?
yk'rf (27) tvkyv
f yk yf ikd cf iG hf
Edik if o
H m;wdik ;f onf Zmwd/ ud;k uG,&f mbmom/ tqift h wef;/ vdi/f tom;
ta&mif/ vlrsK;d / touft&G,f cGjJ cm;jcif; r&Sad p&bJ tvkyaf &G;cs,yf ikd cf iG Ehf iS hf
tvkyv f yk yf ikd cf iG hf tcGit
hf a&; &Sad p&rnf?
yk'rf (28) pD;yGm;&SmazGciG hf
(u) Edik if o
H m;wdik ;f onf rdr. d toufarG;0rf;a=umif;twGuf vGwv f yfpmG
pD;yGm;&SmazGciG Ehf iS hf pD;yGm;a&;qdik &f m tzG@J tpnf;rsm;udk vGwv f yfpmG wnf
axmifyikd cf iG &hf o
dS nf?
(c) txuftyd'k f (u) yg tcGit hf a&;udk usio hf ;kH &mwGif Edik if aH wmfu csrw S f
xm;aom pD;yGm;a&;qdik &f mrl0g'rsm;/ pDru H ed ;f rsm;/ Edik if aH wmfv+kH cHKa&;/
jynfov l x
l . k tusK;d pD;yGm;ESihf use;f rma&;wd@k ukd xdcu dk rf _ r&Sad p&?
yk'fr (29) wDxiG zf efw;D ydik cf iG Ehf iS hf enf;ynmrlyikd cf iG hf
Ekid if o
H m;wdik ;f onf vGwv f yfpmG wDxiG zf efw;D ydik cf iG Ehf iS hf enf;ynmrlyikd cf iG w
hf @kd ukd
Oya'ESit hf nD cHpm;ydik cf iG hf &Sad p&rnf?
13
k ajccHOya' ('kw,
d rl-urf;)
yk'fr (30) rd&;kd zvmtarGtESpf ydik q

f ikd cf iG hf
rd&;kd zvm obm0tarGtESprf sm;/ ,Ofaus;r_qikd &f m tarGtESprf sm;ESihf "avh
xH;k wrf;tpOftvmt& oD;oef@yikd q f ikd v
f mcJah om enf;ynmqdik &f m tarG
tESprf sm;udk oufqikd &f m vlrt _ odik ;f t0dik ;f rS tpOftquf xdr;f odr;f ydik cf iG /hf
toH;k jyKydik cf iG /hf pDrcH ef@cyJG ikd cf iG Ehf iS hf vufqifu f ikd cf iG hf &Sad p&rnf?
h rf;ydik q
yk'rf (31) tajccsaexdik cf iG hf
Edik if o
H m;wdik ;f onf rdrad e&if;jynfe,frS tjcm;jynfe,f w&yf&yfo@kd tajccs
aexdik jf cif;/ pD;yGm;&SmazGjcif;wd@k onf oufqikd &f mjynfe,f. w&m;Oya'jyXmef;
csurf sm;ESihf tnDomv#if jzpfap&rnf?
yk'fr (32) ynmoif=um;ydik cf iG hf
zuf'&,fjynfaxmifpEk ikd if o
H m;wdik ;f onf
(u) vGwv f yfpmG ynmoif=um;ydik cf iG &hf o
dS nf?
(c) rdrdESpfouf0goemyg&m twwfynm/ toufarG;0rf;a=umif;ynm/
tqifjh rifyh nmrsm;udk vGwv f yfpmG a&G;cs,yf ikd cf iG hf &Sad p&rnf?
(*) tajccHynma&;udk roifrae&tjzpf tcrJo h if=um;cGihf &&Sad p&rnf?
yk'fr (33) ynmoifausmif;rsm;wnfaxmifciG hf
yk*v~ u d ausmif;rsm;/ wuUov kd /f aumvdyrf sm;/ odyE`H iS t
hf oufarG;0rf;a=umif;
qdik &f m tqifjh rifyh nmoifausmif;rsm;udk owfrw S jf yXmef;xm;aom Oya'
ESit hf nD wnfaxmifyikd cf iG u
hf kd tmrcH&rnf?
yk'fr (34) use;f rma&;qdik &f mtcGit
hf a&;
(u) zuf'&,fjynfaxmifpk Edik if o H m;wdik ;f onf tajccHuse;f rma&;tqifw h iG f
umuG,af pmihaf &SmufrE_ iS hf ukor_ukd tcrJh &,lcpH m;ydik cf iG hf &daS p&rnf?
(c) zuf'&,fjynfaxmifpk Edik if o H m;rsm;. use;f rma&;qdik &f mumuG,af pmifh
a&Smufr/_ toufEiS hf xdcu kd 'f %f&m&r_twGuf tmrcHxm;&drS E_ iS hf vlr_
zlvaHk &;twGuf pDrx
H m;&drS w _ @kd ukd zuf'&,ftpd;k &u wm0ef,al qmif&u G f
ay;&rnf?
14
(*) zuf'&,fjynfaxmifpEk ikd if o H m;wdik ;f onf rdr. d rsKd ;yGm;jcif;qdik &f mudpP
&yfrsm;ESihf ywfoufI use;f rma&;qdik &f m apmifah &SmufcyH ikd cf iG hf &Sad p&rnf?
(C) yk'rf (34) (*) yg rsK;d yGm;jcif;qkid &f m udp&P yfrsm;ESihf ywfoufonfOh ya'udk
zuf'&,fjynfaxmifpv k w
$ af wmfrS jyXmef;ay;&rnf?
yk'rf (35) ,Ofaus;r_tcGit
hf a&;rsm;
zuf'&,fjynfaxmifpEk ikd if o
H m;wkid ;f onf rdrw d @kd .wkid ;f &if;om;,Ofaus;r_/
"avhx;kH pH/ tpOftvmrsm;udk wd;k wufjyef@ymG ;atmif TzG@J pnf;yHt k ajccH
Oya'ESit hf nD vGwv
f yfpmG aqmif&u G yf ikd cf iG hf &Sad p&rnf?
yk'fr (36) wdik ;f &if;om;bmompum;
zuf'&,fjynfaxmifpEk ikd if o H m;wdik ;f onf rdrw d @kd vrl sKd ;. bmompum;ESihf
pmaywd@k ukd vGwvf yfpmG ajymqdyk ikd cf iG /hf oif=um;ydik cf iG hf &Sad p&rnf? wd;k wuf
jyef@ymG ;atmif aqmif&u G yf ikd cf iG hf &Sad p&rnf?
txl;pDraH qmif&u
G rf q
_ ikd &f mtcGit
hf a&;rsm;
(Affirmative Action Rights)
yk'rf (37) usm;-rwef;wlnrD #r_ tcGit

hf a&;twGupf rD rH _
usm;-r wef;wlnrD #r_ tcGit hf a&;udk azmfaqmifEikd af &;twGuf zuf'&,fjynf
axmifp. k tqifq h ifah om Oya'jyKa&;u¾wGif tenf;qH;k trsK;d orD; (30)
&mcdik Ef e_ ;f yg0ifap&ef pDraH qmif&uG &f rnf?
yk'rf (38) uav;rsm;tcGit
hf a&;
(u) uav;i,fwikd ;f onf t&G,rf a&mufao;oltjzpf umuG,af pmifah &Smuf
r_ukd &&Scd pH m;ydik cf iG &hf o
dS nf? uav;i,fwikd ;f onf trsKd ;om;xkw&yfv;kH .
az;rulnrD u _ kd cHpm;ydik cf iG hf &Sad p&rnf?
(c) uav;rsm;tm; rdb (od@k r[kw)f tkyx f rd ;f olw@kd . qENrygbJ if;wd@k .
rdom;pkxrH S uGu J mG atmifrjyKvyk &f ? uav;wd@k ukd jyKpak pmifah &Smufjcif;ESihf
oGefoifjyKjyifjcif;wdk@onf rdbwdk@. obm0tcGifhta&;jzpfonf?
tu,fI rdb (od@k r[kw)f tkyx f rd ;f olw@kd u 0wW&m;ysuu f u
G v
f #iaf omf
15
k ajccHOya' ('kw,
d rl-urf;)
vnf;aumif;/ wenf;enf;a=umifh uav;rsm;cdu k ;kd &mrJb

h 0od@k a&muf&dS
rnfh tajctaersKd ;wGiaf omfvnf;aumif;/ uav;rsm;tm; rdom;pkEiS hf
uGu J mG apjcif;udk Oya'twdik ;f aqmif&u G &f rnf?
(*) uav;rsm;udk pD;yGm;a&;ESihf vlra_ &;t& acgi;f yHjk zwfjcif;rS umuG,af pmifh
a&Smufr_ jyK&rnf? if;wdk@. udk,fusifhw&m;/ usef;rma&;/ touf
tE &W ,f/ ud, k cf E<m}uD;xGm;zH@G +zdK;r_/ wckcu
k kd xdcu
kd af paom tvkyv f yk f
udik af pjcif;rsm;rS umuG,af pmifah &Smuf&rnf?
(C) zuf'&,fjynfaxmifpv k w
$ af wmfu uav;rsm;tcGit hf a&;qkid &f m Oya'
udk jyXmef;ay;&rnf?
yk'fr (39) tvkyo
f rm;tcGit
hf a&;
(u) tvkyv f yk o f w l idk ;f vl@*%
k of u
d mQ ESithf nD &Sio f ef&yfwnfEidk af &;twGu f
(1) oifw h ifah vsmufywfaom vkyif ef;cGit f ajctaersm;&&Scd iG hf
(2) vlrz_ v l akH &;cHpm;cGihf
(3) r#waomtvkycf sed o f wfrw S cf suEf iS t
hf nD tvkyvf yk cf iG hf
(4) tm;vyf&ufEiS hf cGi&hf ufrsm;cHpm;cGihf
(5) tvkyo f rm;or*~rsm; vGwv f yfpmG wnfaxmifz@GJ pnf;cGiEhf iS hf pnf;&k;H
cGirhf sm; &&Sad p&rnf?
(c) zuf'&,fjynfaxmifpkv$wfawmfu tvkyform;tcGifhta&;qkdif&m
Oya'udk jyXmef;ay;&rnf?
yk'rf (40) v,form;tcGit
hf a&;
v,form;wkid ;f onf
(1) oD;ESrH sm;ukd vGwv f yfpmG pku
d yf sKd ;cGi/hf a&mif;csciG /hf xkwv
f yk cf iG /hf
(2) tcGe[ f ol r# aiGa=u;jzifh ay;aqmifciG /hf
(3) v,form;or*~rsm; vGwv f yfpmG zG@J pnf;cGihf &Sad p&rnf?
yk'rf (41) wef;wltcGit
hf a&;azmfaqmifjcif;
zG@H +zKd ;r_aemufusv#u&f adS om wkid ;f &if;om;vlrsK;d pkrsm;twGujf zpfap/ pGr;f aqmif
Ekdifr_tajctaeedrfhyg;v#uf&Sdaom EkdifiHom;tpktzGJ@rsm;twGufjzpfap/
xH;k wrf;pOfvmrsm;t& ESrd chf sz,fusOjf cif;cHxm;&aom Edik if o H m;tpktzG@J rsm;
twGujf zpfap/ zuf'&,fjynfaxmifpv k w
$ af wmfu Oya'jyXmef;I txl;pDrH
16
aqmif&Gufcsufrsm;jzifh tumtuG,fay;jcif;/ pDrHaqmif&Gufjcif;wkd@onf

Ekid if o
H m;wdik ;f wef;wltcGit
hf a&; &&Sad p&rnf[al om jyXmef;csuaf =umifh
t[ef@twm; rjzpfap&?
taxGaxGtajccHrrl sm;
(General Principles)
yk'rf (42) obm0ywf0ef;usiq

f ikd &f mtcGit
hf a&;
(u) zuf'&,fjynfaxmifpEk ikd if o H m;wkid ;f onf obm0ywf0ef;usif xdcu kd f
ysupf ;D r_a=umifh }uHKawG@cpH m;&rnfh twd'u k rQ sm;rS uif;vGwaf p&rnfh
tjyif obm0w&m;ESiu hf u
kd n f I
D use;f rma&;ESinhf !
D w
G o f nfh obm0
ywf0ef;usiu f kd &&S&d ef tcGit hf a&;&So
d nf?
(c) vlenf;pkXmaewdik ;f &if;om;wd@k . obm0ywf0ef;usif xde;f odr;f apmifh
a&SmufciG Ehf iS hf if;wd@k tajccsaexdifk &f ma'otwGi;f obm0ywf0ef;usif
xdcukd rf u
_ kd jzpfapEdik o f nfh obm0o,HZmwrsm; tvGet f u|H xkw, f l
oHk;pGJjcif;tay: uef@owfxdef;csKyfcGifh&Sdjcif;udk zuf'&,fjynfaxmifpk
tpd;k &onf todtrSwjf yK&rnf?
yk'rf (43) vl@tcGit
hf a&;aumfr&Six
f w
H ikd =f um;cGihf
vl@tcGit hf a&;azmufzsucf &H ol rnforl qdk zuf'&,fjynfaxmifp. k um
uG,af pmifah &Smufru _ kd &,lciG &hf adS p&eftwGuf vl@tcGit
hf a&;aumfr&Six
f o
H @kd
wkid =f um;cGihf &Sad p&rnf?
yk'rf (44) tajccHOya'.tumtuG,&f ,ljcif;
(u) zuf'&,fjynfaxmifpt k wGi;f aexdik o
f w
l ikd ;f onf zuf'&,fjynfaxmifpk
zGJ@pnf;yHktajccHOya'. tumtuG,fudk&,l&ef vdktyfaomtcgY
zuf'&,fjynfaxmifpk w&m;v$wfawmfcsKyfodk@ av#mufxm;ydkifcGifh
&Sad p&rnf?
(c) TtcGit hf a&;udk rnfonfth ajctaewGirf S &yfqikd ;f xm;jcif; r&Sad p&?
17
k ajccHOya' ('kw,
d rl-urf;)
yk'rf (45) zuf'&,fjynfaxmifp.

k tumtuG,&f ,ljcif;
Edik if o
H m;wdik ;f onf zuf'&,fjynfaxmifpk twGi;f Yjzpfap/ zuf'&,fjynf
axmifpkjyifyYjzpfap zuf'&,fjynfaxmifpk. umuG,fapmifha&Smufr_udk
awmif;qdyk ikd cf iG hf &Sad p&rnf?
yk'rf (46) tjynfjynfqikd &f m pmcsKyfpmwrf;rsm;tm; wku
d &f u
kd u
f ;kd um;
usio
hf ;kH cGihf
zuf'&,fjynfaxmifpu k twnfjyKaom tjynfjynfqikd &f m vl@tcGit hf a&;
pmcsKyfpmwrf;rsm;udk w&m;&Hk;rsm;u wdkuf&dkufudk;um;usifhoHk;ydkifcGifh &Sdap
&rnf?
yk'rf (47) wm0efrsm;
zuf'&,fjynfaxmifpk Edik if o
H m;wdik ;f onf
(u) zuf'&,fjynfaxmifpu k kd umuG,&f ef wm0ef&o dS nf?
(c) zuf'&,fjynfaxmifpk zG@J pnf;yHt k ajccHOya'udk av;pm;vku
d ef m&efEiS hf
xde;f odr;f umuG,af pmifah &Smuf&ef wm0ef&o dS nf?
18
tcef; (3)
zuf'&,fjynfaxmifpktzGJ@0ifjynfe,frsm;
Member States of the Federal Union
yk'rf (48) zuf'&,fjynfaxmifpt

k zG@J 0ifjynfe,frsm;
(u) zuf'&,fjynfaxmifp. k tzG@J 0ifjynfe,frsm;onf TzG@J pnf;yHt k ajccH
Oya'ESit hf nD uk,
d yf ikd jf yXmef;cGit
hf cGit
hf a&; tjynft
h 0&Sad p&rnf?
(c) zuf'&,fjynfaxmifpu k kd trsK;d om;jynfe,frsm;/ trsK;d om;rsm;jynfe,f
rsm;ESihf zuf'&,fjynfaxmifpek ,fajrrsm;jzifh zG@J pnf;ap&rnf?
yk'fr (49) zuf'&,fjynfaxmifpt
k zG@J 0if jynfe,frsm;ESihf zuf'&,fjynfaxmifpk
e,fajrrsm;
(u) zuf'&,fjynfaxmifpt k zG@J 0ifjynfe,frsm;
zuf'&,fjynfaxmifpt k zG@J 0if trsK;d om;jynfe,fEiS hf trsKd ;om;rsm;jynf
e,frsm;rSm atmufygtwkid ;f jzpfonf?
(1) ucsit f rsK;d om;jynfe,f
(2) u&iftrsK;d om;jynfe,f
(3) u&ifet D rsK;d om;jynfe,f
(4) csi;f trsK;d om;jynfe,f
(5) ArmtrsK;d om;jynfe,f
(6) rGet f rsK;d om;jynfe,f
(7) weoFm&DtrsK;d om;rsm;jynfef ,f
(8) &cdik tf rsK;d om;jynfe,f
(9) &Sr;f trsK;d om;jynfe,f
(10) {&m0wDtrsK;d om;rsm;jynfe,f
(11) - - - - - - - -
(12) - - - - - - - -
(c) zuf'&,fjynfaxmifpek ,fajrrsm;
zuf'&,fjynfaxmifpek ,fajrrsm;rSm atmufygtwkid ;f jzpfonf?
(1) zuf'&,fjynfaxmifp+k rdKawmf
(2) - - - - - - - - -
19
k ajccHOya' ('kw,
d rl-urf;)
yk'rf (50) zuf'&,fjynfaxmifpk tzG@J 0ifjynfe,frsm;. tajccHOya'

zuf'&,fjynfaxmifpt k zG@J 0if jynfe,frsm;onf TzG@J pnf;yHt
k ajccHOya'ESihf
tnD oufqikd &f m jynfe,fz@JG pnf;yHt k ajccHOya'rsm;udk vGwv f yfpmG a&;qGJ
jyXmef;cGihf &Sad p&rnf?
k zG@J 0ifjynfe,frsm;.tcGit
hf m%m
zuf'&,fjynfaxmifpt k zG@J 0if jynfe,frsm;onf TzG@J pnf;yHt
k ajccHOya'
ESit
hf nD Oya'jyKtm%m/ tkycf sKyfa&;tm%mESihf w&m;pD&ifa&;tm%mrsm;
udk usio
fh ;kH ydik cf iG hf &Sad p&rnf?
yk'rf (52) use&f adS eaomtm%mrsm;usio
hf ;kH cGihf
zuf'&,fjynfaxmifpt k zG@J 0if jynfe,frsm;onf zuf'&,fjynfaxmifpt
k pk;d &
odk@ tyfESif;xm;onfh tm%mrsm;ESifh Tzuf'&,fjynfaxmifpkzGJ@pnf;yHk
tajccHOya't& ydwyf ifwm;jrpfxm;aom tm%mrsm;rSty use&f adS om
tm%mrsm;udk usio hf ;kH ydik cf iG hf &Sad p&rnf?
yk'rf (53) vlenf;pkwidk ;f &if;om;tcGit
hf a&;
(u) zuf'&,fjynfaxmifpt k zG@J 0if jynfe,frsm;twGi;f &Sd vlenf;pkwikd ;f &if;
om;rsm;. tcGit hf a&;rsm;udk umuG,jf yXmef;ay;&rnf?
(c) vlenf;pkwikd ;f &if;om;rsm;. tcGit hf a&;rsm;udk umuG,af y;Ekid &f ef ud, k f
ydik tf yk cf sKyfciG &hf a'orsm;ESihf trsK;d om;e,fajrrsm;udk vdt k yfv#iv f tkd yf
ovkd jynfe,fz@JG pnf;yHt k ajccHOya'rsm;wGif owfrw S jf yXmef;ay;&rnf?
(*) trsK;d om;jynfe,ftqifh r&&Sad o;aom wkid ;f &if;om;vlrsK;d pkrsm;tae
jzifh if;wd@k aexdik &f m jynfe,fwcktwGi;f Yjzpfap/ jynfe,frsm;twGi;f Y
jzpfap ud, k yf ikd tf yk cf sKyfciG &hf a'o (od@k wnf;r[kw)f trsK;d om;e,fajr
tjzpf owfrw S af y;&ef awmif;qdyk ikd cf iG hf &Sad p&rnf?
(C) ud, k yf ikd t
f yk cf sKyfciG &hf a'oudk owfrw S af y;&eftwGuf oufqikd &f m jynf
e,fwiG ;f aexdik o f l jynfe,fom;OD;a& ig;aomif;u vufrw S af &;xd;k I
awmif;qdv k mv#ijf zpfap/ trsKd ;om;e,fajrrsm; owfrw S af y;&eftwGuf
oufqikd &f me,fajrtwGi;f aexdik o f l Edik if o
H m;ig;axmifu vufrw S af &;
20
xk;d I awmif;qdvk mv#ijf zpfap/ oufqikd &f mjynfe,fvw

$ af wmfu trsm;
pkqENrjJ zifh tqH;k jzwfjyK&rnf?
yk'fr (54) jynfe,fwyfz@JG rsm;
(u) zuf'&,fjynfaxmifpk tzG@J 0ifjynfe,frsm;onf oufqikd &f m jynfe,f
vlO;D a&. (0.2) &mckid Ef e_ ;f tiftm;xufrydak om jynfe,f&w J yfz@JG ukd
zG@J pnf;cGihf &Sad p&rnf?
(c) zuf'&,fjynfaxmifpkv$wfawmfrS jyXmef;xm;aomOya'ESifhtnD
zuf'&,fjynfaxmifpt k zG@J 0ifjynfe,frsm;onf oufqikd &f m jynfe,f
vlO;D a&. (0.1) &mcdik Ef e_ ;f tiftm;xufrydak om jynfe,fv+kH cKH a&;wyfz@JG
udk zG@J pnf;Edik o f nf?
(*) txufazmfjyyg yk'rf cGJ (u) ESihf (c) t& jynfe,f&w J yfz@JG EiS hf jynfe,f
vH+k cHKa&;wyfz@JG rsm;. tiftm;owfrw S cf sut f m; xl;jcm;aom tajc
taet& wd;k cs@J owfrw S af y;&efvt kd yfygu jynfe,fwckco k nf zuf'&,f
jynfaxmifpv k w
$ af wmfo@kd awmif;cHEikd cf iG hf &Sad p&rnf?
yk'rf (55) jynfe,fopfrsm;zG@J pnf;ydik cf iG hf
zuf'&,fjynfaxmifpktzGJ@0if jynfe,fwcktwGif;&Sd wqufwpyfwnf;
&Sad oma'orsm;udk tajccHIaomfvnf;aumif;/ jynfe,fEpS cf k (od@k r[kw)f
ESpcf x
k ufyakd om jynfe,frsm;twGi;f &Sd wqufwpyfwnf;&Sad om a'orsm;udk
aygi;f pyfIaomfvnf;aumif; zuf'&,fjynfaxmifpt k zG@J 0if jynfe,fopfrsm;
udk zG@J pnf;Ekid o
f nf?
yk'rf (56) jynfe,fopfrsm;zG@J pnf;a&;qdik &f mjyXmef;csuf
zuf'&,fjynfaxmifpt k zG@J 0if jynfe,fopfrsm;udk zG@J pnf;aomtcg atmufyg
jyXmef;csurf sm;ESit
hf nD jzpfap&rnf?
(u) wdik ;f &if;om;vlrsK;d wrsK;d rsK;d onf rdrw
d @dk . ud,
k yf ikd x
f if&mS ;csujf zpfaom
yx0Da'oESihf ordik ;f a=umif;t& zuf'&,fjynfaxmifpk tzG@J 0ifo;D jcm;
jynfe,fwcktjzpf aexdik v f akd omqEN&adS =umif;/ jynfe,fopfz@JG pnf;vdk
aom wkid ;f &if;om;vlrsK;d pkrsm; aexdik &f ma'otwGi;f &Sd jynfov l xl .
k
(30) &mckid Ef e_ ;f axmufcrH j_ zifh oufqikd &f m jynfe,fvw $ af wmf (od@k r
21
k ajccHOya' ('kw,
d rl-urf;)
[kw)f jynfe,frsm;. v$waf wmfrsm;xHo@kd jynfe,fopf zG@J pnf;a&;tqdu k kd

wifoiG ;f &rnf?
(c) xdkjynfe,fopf zGJ@pnf;a&;tqdkudk oufqdkif&mjynfe,fv$wfawmf
(od@k r[kw)f jynfe,fvw $ af wmfrsm;. xuf0ufausmf axmufcrH j_ zifh
trsK;d om;v$waf wmfo@kd jynfe,fopf zG@J pnf;a&;tqdu k kd wifoiG ;f &rnf?
(*) trsKo d m;v$waf wmfonf yk'rf (56) yk'rf cGJ (c) t& wifjyvmaom
tqdt k ay:wGif trsK;d om;v$waf wmfEiS hf jynfe,fvw $ af wmf (od@k r[kw)f
jynfe,fv$wfawmfrsm;. udk,fpm;vS,frsm;yg0ifaom jynfe,fopf
zG@J pnf;a&;qdik &f m pHpk rf;a&;aumfr&Siw f &yfukd zG@J pnf;ap&rnf?
(C) jynfe,fopfz@JG pnf;a&;qdik &f m pHpk rf;a&;aumfr&Si. f wifjycsuEf iS t hf nD
jynfe,fopfz@JG pnf;&ef tqdjk yKxm;aom wdik ;f &if;om;vlrsK;d pkrsm; aexdik f
&ma'otwGi;f &Sd jynfov l x l .k qENc, H yl u
JG kd usi;f yay;&rnf?
(i) qENc, H yl wJG iG f jynfe,fopfz@JG pnf;vdak om wdik ;f &if;om;vlrsK;d pkrsm;aexdik f
&ma'otwGi;f &Sd jynfov l x l .k (60) &mckid Ef e_ ;f ausmaf om axmufcH
qENru J kd &&Syd gu jynfe,fopfz@JG pnf;jcif;onf TzG@J pnf;yHt k ajccHOya'
t& twnfjzpfap&rnf?
(p) yk'rf (56) yk'rf cGJ (i) ESit hf nD jynfe,fopfz@JG pnf;a&;qdik &f m twnfjyK
csufudk&&Sd+yD;ygu trsKd;om;v$wfawmfonf zuf'&,fjynfaxmifpk
v$waf wmfo@kd qufvufwifoiG ;f I zuf'&,fjynfaxmifpv k w
$ af wmfu
vdt k yfovdk Oya'tjzpf jyXmef;ay;&rnf?
(q) Ekid if aH wmforRwonf tqdyk gOya'udk vufrw S af &;xd;k I xkwjf yefay;
&rnf?
(Z) tqdyk gOya'udk oufqidk &f mjynfe,f (od@k r[kw)f jynfe,frsm;u vdt k yf
ovdk qufvuftaumiftxnfazmf&ef oufqikd &f mjynfe,fOya'jyK
v$waf wmftoD;oD;od@k ay;yd@k &rnf?
yk'rf (57) jynfe,fopfrsm;qdik &f mOya'jyKjcif;
txufy'k rf (55) ESihf (56) wd@k wiG jf yXmef;xm;onfh jynfe,fopfrsm; zG@J pnf;
jcif;ESiyhf wfoufI zuf'&,fjynfaxmifpv k w
$ af wmfrS Oya'jyXmef;ay;&rnf?
22
yk'rf (58) zuf'&,fjynfaxmifpk e,fajrowfcsuq

f ikd &f mOya'jyKjcif;
txufy'k rf (49) (c) wGijf yXmef;xm;onfh zuf'&,fjynfaxmifpek ,fajr
owfrwS jf cif;ESiyhf wfoufI zuf'&,fjynfaxmifpv
k w
$ af wmfrS Oya'jyXmef;
ay;&rnf?
yk'rf (59) jynfe,frsm;usio
hf ;kH ydik cf iG rhf &Sad omtm%mrsm;
zuf'&,fjynfaxmifpt k zG@J 0if jynfe,frsm;onf Edik if jH cm;wkid ;f wyg;ESihf ppfa&;
r[mrdwjf yKjcif;/ ppfzufqikd &f m pmcsKyfcsKyfqjkd cif;/ rdrjd ynfe,ftwGi;f oD;jcm;
oH;k pG&J ef aiGpuULESihf aiG'*F g;xkwv f yk jf cif;/ tm%mwd@k ukd usio
fh ;kH ydik cf iG hf r&Sad p&?
23
k ajccHOya' ('kw,
d rl-urf;)
tcef; (4)
zuf'&,fjynfaxmifpv
k w
$ af wmf
Assembly of Federal Union
(u) trsK;d om;v$waf wmf
(c) jynfo@l vw
$ af wmf
yk'rf (60) zuf'&,fjynfaxmifpv
k w
$ af wmfz@JG pnf;r_
$ af wmfukd trsKd ;om;v$waf wmf (Chamber of Nati-
onalities) ESihf jynfo@l vw $ af wmf (Chamber of Peoples Representatives)
wd@k jzifh zG@J pnf;onf?
k w
$ af wmf.tm%m
TzG@J pnf;yHt
k ajccHOya't& tyfEiS ;f xm;onfh Oya'jyKtm%mtm;vH;k onf
$ af wmfwiG f wnf&o
dS nf?
k w
$ af wmfyrkH eS t
f pnf;ta0;
(u) zuf'&,fjynfaxmifpkv$wfawmf. yHkrSeftpnf;ta0;udk wESpfv#if
tenf;qH;k w}udrf usi;f y&rnf?
(c) zuf'&,fjynfaxmifpv k w$ af wmf. yHrk eS t f pnf;ta0;udk ac:,lusi;f y&ef
tenf;qH;k &ufaygi;f (60) }udKwifI a=unm&rnf?
(*) zuf'&,fjynfaxmifpv k w$ af wmf yHrk eS tf pnf;ta0;udk zuf'&,fjynf
axmifpo
k rRwu ac:,lay;&rnf?
(C) zuf'&,fjynfaxmifpo k rRwonf zuf'&,fjynfaxmifpv k w $ af wmf yHrk eS f
tpnf;ta0;wdik ;f wGif zuf'&,fjynfaxmifpw k 0Sr;f vH;k qdik &f m tajc
taersm;ESiphf yfvsO;f I rde@f ceG ;f ¹rGu=f um;&rnf?
k w
$ af wmf txl;tpnf;ta0;ESihf ta&;ay:
tpnf;ta0;rsm;
zuf'&,fjynfaxmifpv k w$ af wmf. txl;tpnf;ta0;ESihf ta&;ay: tpnf;
ta0;rsm;udk
(u) atmufygupd &P yfrsm;twGuf ac:,lciG hf &Sad p&rnf?
24
(1) zG@J pnf;yHt k ajccHOya'jyifqifcsuu f kd twnfjyKjcif;?

(2) Edik if aH wmfta&;ay:tajctae a=unmcsut f m; twnfjyKjcif;/
od@k wnf;r[kw/f y,fzsujf cif;?
(3) jynfyEdik if w H cktay: ppfa=unmjcif;/ ppf&yfpjJ cif;wd@k ukd twnfjyK
jcif;/ od@k wnf;r[kw/f y,fzsujf cif;?
(4) zuf'&,fjynfaxmifpo k rRwudk twnfjyKcef@tyfjcif;/ zuf'&,f
jynfaxmifpw k &m;v$waf wmfcsKyf w&m;ol}uD;rsm; cef@tyfjcif;?
(c) trsKd ;om;v$waf wmf (od@k r[kw)f jynfo@l vw $ af wmfw&yf&yf. trsm;pk
qENrJjzifh awmif;qdkv#ifjzpfap/ zuf'&,fjynfaxmifpk0ef}uD;csKyfu
awmif;qdv k #ijf zpfap orRwu qifah c:ay;&rnf?
(*) tpnf;ta0;rusi;f yrD tenf;qH;k (7) &uf }udKwifI a=unm&rnf?
yk'rf (64) zuf&,fjynfaxmifpv
k w
$ af wmf tpnf;ta0;rsm;txajrmufjcif;
trsKd ;om;v$waf wmf. ud,
k pf m;vS,f xuf0ufausmEf iS hf jynfo@l vw
$ af wmf.
ud,
k pf m;vS,f xuf0ufausmf wufa&mufro S mv#if zuf'&,fjynfaxmifpk
v$waf wmftpnf;ta0; txajrmufap&rnf?
yk'rf (65) qENr&J ,ljcif;
zuf'&,fjynfaxmifpv k w $ af wmf tpnf;ta0;rsm;Y qH;k jzwfcsu&f ,l&mwGif
trsK;d om;v$waf wmfEiS hf jynfo@l vw$ af wmfrS wufa&mufvm=uaom v$wf
awmfw&yfcsi;f pDrS ud,
k pf m;vS,rf sm;. trsm;pkqENrJ &&Sad p&rnf?
k w
$ af wmf.obmywd
(u) zuf'&,fjynfaxmifpv k w $ af wmf. tpnf;ta0;rsm;wGif trsKd ;om;
v$waf wmfOuUXESihf jynfo@l vw $ af wmfOuUX wOD;OD;onf tvSnu hf s
obmywdtjzpf aqmif&Guf&rnf? v$wfawmfOuUX wOD;OD;qdkonfh
pum;&yfwiG f 'kw, d OuUXvnf; t}uHK;0ifonf?
(c) zuf'&,fjynfaxmifpv k w$ af wmf obmywdonf jynfaxmifpv k w
$ af wmf
tpnf;ta0;rsm;ESihf v$waf wmfu, kd pf m;vS,rf sm;. pnf;urf;vdu k ef m
r_ukd xde;f odr;f }uD;=uyfciG hf tm%m&Sad p&rnf?
(*) zuf'&,fjynfaxmifpv k w$ af wmfwiG f rJcq JG ;kH jzwf&ef vdt
k yfaomudp&P yf
rsm;Y TzG@J pnf;yHt k ajccHOya'yg jyXmef;csurf sm;udk taxmuftxm;
25
k ajccHOya' ('kw,
d rl-urf;)
jyKI rJta&twGuf wlnaD eaomtcg zuf'&,fjynfaxmifpv k w

$ af wmf
obmywdonf tqH;k tjzwfru J kd ay;Ekid cf iG &hf I
dS tEdik rf u
J akd y;&rnf?
yk'rf (67) v$wfawmfESpf&yfpvHk;wGif w+ydKifeufwnf;udk,fpm;vS,fjzpfcGifh
r&Sdjcif;
v$waf wmfu, kd pf m;vS,w f OD;onf trsKd ;om;v$waf wmfEiS hf jynfo@l vw
$ af wmf
ESp&f yfpvH;k wGif w+ydKifeufwnf; ud,k pf m;vS,rf jzpfap&?
yk'rf (68) uif;vGwcf iG t
hf cGit
hf a&;
(u) zuf'&,fjynfaxmifpv k w$ af wmf. tpnf;ta0;w&yf&yfwiG f rJay;jcif;/
ajymqdak qG;aEG;jcif;/ a&;om;jzef@a0jcif; ponfw@kd EiS phf yfvsO;f I rnfonfh
v$waf wmfu, kd pf m;vS,uf rkd # ppfaq;ar;jref;jcif;/ ta&;,ljcif;/ w&m;pGq J kd
jcif; rjyK&?
(c) zuf'&,fjynfaxmifpkv$wfawmf tpnf;ta0;usif;yaepOftawm
twGi;f rnfonfh v$waf wmfu, kd pf m;vS,u
f rkd # jypfru
_ sL;vGeaf epOfwiG f
zrf;qD;ta&;,ljcif;rSvJGI zuf'&,fjynfaxmifpkv$wfawmf OuUX.
cGijhf yKcsurf &Syd J jypfrw
_ pHw
k &mtwGuf zrf;qD;jcif;/ ta&;,ltjypfay;jcif;
r&Sad p&?
yk'rf (69) axmufyahH =u;
zuf'&,fjynfaxmifpk v$waf wmfu, kd pf m;vS,rf sm;onf oifw h ifah v#muf
ywfonfh aiGa=u;ESichf pH m;cGiu
hf kd zuf'&,fjynfaxmifpv k w
$ af wmfrS Oya'jzifh
owfrwS jf yXmef;ay;onft h wdik ;f cHpm;ydik cf iG hf &Sad p&rnf? axmufyahH =u;wd;k jrihf
a=umif; qH;k jzwfcsuof nf aemifvmrnfh v$waf wmfoufwrf; topfYom
pwifI tusKd ;oufa&muf ap&rnf?
yk'k rf (70) Ekid if w
H umoabmwlncD surf sm;/ pmcsKyfrsm;
zuf'&,fjynfaxmifpkv$wfawmfonf zuf'&,fjynfaxmifpktpdk;&u
vufrSwfa&;xdk;cJh+yD;aom EdkifiHwumoabmwlnDcsufrsm;/ pmcsKyfrsm;udk
twnfjyKjcif; (od@k wnf;r[kw)f y,fcsjcif; jyKvky&f rnf?
26
yk'rf (71) jynfaxmifpv

k w
$ af wmfqikd &f mpnf;rsO;f pnf;urf;rsm;
$ af wmfonf zuf'&,fjynfaxmifpv k w $ af wmfqikd &f m
pnf;rsO;f pnf;urf;ESihf vkyxf ;kH vkyef nf;rsm;udk owfrw
S jf yXmef;&rnf?
trsKd ;om;v$waf wmf

Chamber of Nationalities
yk'rf (72) trsKd ;om;v$waf wmfukd zG@J pnf;jcif;

(u) trsK;d om;v$waf wmfukd zuf'&,fjynfaxmifpt k zG@J 0if jynfe,ftoD;oD;
u ta&twGuf wlnpD mG apv$wo f nfh ud,
k pf m;vS,rf sm;jzifh zG@J pnf;&rnf?
(c) trsK;d om;v$waf wmfo@kd zuf'&,fjynfaxmifpk tzG@J 0ifjynfe,ftoD;oD;
u ud, k pf m;vS,f (6) OD;uspD apv$w&f rnf?
yk'rf (73) trsK;d om;v$waf wmfu,
kd pf m;vS,af &$;cs,jf cif;
(u) trsK;d om;v$waf wmfu, kd pf m;vS,rf sm;udk rJqENay;ydik cf iG &hf adS om jynfol
vlxu k vGwv f yfIw&m;r#wonfh a&G;aumufyrJG sm;wGif wdu k &f u
dk f
v#K@d 0u S rf aJ y;jcif;tm;jzifh a&G;cs,w f ifajrmuf&rnf?
(c) trsK;d om;v$waf wmfu, kd pf m;vS,t f jzpf 0ifa&muf,OS +f ydKifta&G;cHrnfh
Edik if o
H m;wdik ;f onf
(1) a&G;aumufyJGusif;yrnfhae@&ufwGif tenf;qHk;touf (25)
ESpjf ynf+h yD; jzpf&rnf?
(2) Edik if o H m;tjzpf todtrSwjf yKcH&jcif; tenf;qH;k (10) ESpf &S&d rnf?
(3) ud, k pf m;jyKa&G;cs,cf rH nfh jynfe,fwiG f tajccsaexdik o f l jzpf&rnf?
(4) Edik if EH pS cf k (od@k r[kw)f Edik if EH pS cf xk ufyakd om Edik if o
H m; rjzpfap&?
(*) jynfe,ftoD;oD;onf trsKd ;om;v$waf wmfu, kd pf m;vS,rf sm; a&G;cs,f
&eftwGuaf e&mESihf usi;f y&efenf;vrf;rsm;udk oufqikd &f mjynfe,fOya'
jyKv$waf wmfY Oya'jyKjyXmef;&rnf?
yk'rf (74) trsKd ;om;v$waf wmf. OuUXESihf 'kw,
d OuUX
trsdK;om;v$wfawmf udk,fpm;vS,frsm;onf v$wfawmfOuUXESifh 'kwd,
OuUXwd@k ukd trsKd ;om;v$waf wmf ud,
k pf m;vS,rf sm;xJrS qENraJ y;I a&G;aumuf
27
k ajccHOya' ('kw,
d rl-urf;)
wifajrm uf&rnf? trsKd ;om;v$waf wmfOuUXESihf 'kw,

d OuUXwd@k onf jynfe,f
wckwnf;rS ud,k pf m;vS,rf sm; rjzpfap&?
yk'rf (75) ud,
k pf m;vS,rf sm;.oufwrf;
trsKd ;om;v$waf wmf ud,
k pf m;vS,rf sm;.oufwrf;udk (4) ESpf owfrw S o
f nf?
ud,
k pf m;vS,Of ;D a&. xuf0ufukd (2) ESpwf }urd f a&G;cs,w
f ifajrm ufI vJv,
S f
oGm;&rnf?
yk'rf (76) trsKd ;om;v$waf wmf yHrk eS t
f pnf;ta0;
(u) a&G;aumufyGJusif;y+yD;aemuf &ufaygif; (60) twGif; yxrt}udrf
trsK;d om;v$waf wmf tpnf;ta0;udk zuf'&,fjynfaxmifpo k rRwu
ac:,lusi;f yay;&rnf?
(c) trsKd ;om;v$waf wmf. yHrk eS t f pnf;ta0;udk tenf;qH;k wESpv
f #iw
f }urd f
usi;f y&rnf?
(*) trsK;d om;v$waf wmf yHrk eS t
f pnf;ta0;udk trsK;d om;v$waf wmf OuUXu
ac:,lay;&rnf?
(C) trsKd ;om;v$waf wmf yHrk eS tf pnf;ta0;udk usi;f y&eftwGuf tenf;qH;k
&ufaygi;f (30) }udKwifI a=unm&rnf?
yk'rf (77) trsKd ;om;v$waf wmf txl;tpnf;ta0; (od@k wnf;r[kw)f
ta&;ay:tpnf;ta0;
(u) tenf;qH;k jynfe,fEpS cf rk S trsK;d om;v$waf wmf ud,
k pf m;vS,t
f m;vk;H u
aomfvnf;aumif; trsK;d om;v$waf wmf. ud, k pf m;vS,f av;yHw
k yHu k
aomfvnf;aumif; awmif;qdv k mygu trsKd ;om;v$waf wmfOuUXonf
txl;tpnf;ta0; (od@k wnf;r[kw)f ta&;ay: tpnf;ta0;rsm;udk ac:
,lusi;f yay;&rnf?
(c) zuf'&,fjynfaxmifp0k ef}uD;csKyfrS wifjyawmif;qdv k mv#if trsKd ;om;
v$waf wmfOuUXonf trsKd ;om;v$waf wmf txl;tpnf;ta0; (od@k wnf;
r[kw)f ta&;ay:tpnf;ta0;udk ac:,lusi;f yEdik o f nf?
(*) trsKd ;om;v$waf wmf txl;tpnf;ta0; (od@k wnf;r[kw)f ta&;ay:
tpnf;ta0; ac:,lusi;f y&eftwGuf tenf;qH;k (15) &uf }udKwif
ta=umif;=um;&rnf?
28
yk'rf (78) tpnf;ta0;txajrmufjcif;ESihf rJay;jcif;

(u) trsKd ;om;v$waf wmf ud, k pf m;vS,Of ;D a&. xuf0ufausmw f ufa&muf
v#if trsKd ;om;v$waf wmftpnf;t a0;udk usi;f yEdik o f nf?
(c) od@k &mwGif rJcq
JG ;kH jzwf&eftwGujf zpfygu trsKd ;om;v$waf wmf. ud, k pf m;
vS,Of ;D a& oH;k yHEk pS yf kH wufa&mufro S m tpnf;ta0;txajrmufap
&rnf? trsKd ;om;v$waf wmfu, kd pf m;vS,f oH;k yHEk pS yf kH wufa&mufaom
tpnf;ta0;wGif trsm;pkqENru J &kd ,lI qH;k jzwfcsurf sm; csrw S Ef ikd of nf?
od@k &mwGif rJta&twGuf wlnaD eaomtcg trsK;d om;v$waf wmfOuUX
onf tqH;k tjzwfru J kd ay;Ekid cf iG &hf I
dS tEdik rf u
J akd y;&rnf?
yk'rf (79) trsKd ;om;v$waf wmfOuUX. tcGit
hf m%m
trsKd ;om;v$waf wmfOuUXonf trsKd ;om;v$waf wmftpnf;ta0;rsm;ESihf
v$waf wmfu, kd pf m;vS,rf sm;. pnf;urf;vdu k ef mr_ukd xde;f odr;f }uD;=uyfciG hf
tm%m&Sad p&rnf? trsKd ;om;v$waf wmf. OypmtwGi;f trsKd ;om;v$wf
awmfOuUX. cGijhf yKcsurf &Syd J rnforl # 0ifa&muf&mS azGjcif;/ zrf;qD;jcif; jyKydik cf iG hf
r&Sad p&?
yk'rf (80) trsK;d om;v$waf wmf. a&;&maumfrwDrsm;zG@J pnf;jcif;
trsdK;om;v$wfawmfwGif EdkifiHjcm;a&;&maumfrwD/ umuG,fa&;qdkif&m
a&;&maumfrwD/ b¾ma&;&maumfrwD ESihf ul;oef;a&mif;0,fa&;&maumf
rwDrsm;tygt0if vdt k yfaom a&;&maumfrwDrsm;udk trsKd ;om;v$waf wmf.
ud,
k pf m;vS,rf sm;jzifh zG@J pnf;Ekid cf iG &hf o
dS nf?
yk'rf (81) trsK;d om;v$waf wmfqikd &f mpnf;rsOpf nf;urf;rsm;
trsK;d om;v$waf wmfonf trsK;d om;v$waf wmfqikd &f m pnf;rsO;f pnf;urf;
vkyx
f ;kH vkyef nf;rsm;udk owfrw
S jf yXmef;&rnf?
29
k ajccHOya' ('kw,
d rl-urf;)
jynfol@v$wfawmf
Chamber of Peoples Representatives
yk'rf (82) jynfo@l vw

$ af wmfz@JG pnf;jcif;
jynfo@l vw $ af wmfukd vlO;D a&tay:wGif tajccHaom a&G;aumufyrJG sm;wGif
Ekid if o
H m;rsm;u a&G;cs,w f ifajrmufvu
dk o
f nfh ud,
k pf m;vS,rf sm;jzifh zG@J pnf;
onf?
$ af wmfu,
kd pf m;vS,af &G;cs,jf cif;
(u) jynfo@l vw $ af wmfu, kd pf m;vS,rf sm;udk rJqENay;ydik cf iG &hf adS om jynfol
vlxu k vGwv f yfI w&m;r#wonfh taxGaxGa&G;aumufyrJG sm;wGif
wduk &f u
kd v
f #Kd @0u
S rf aJ y;jcif;tm;jzifh a&G;cs,wf ifajrmuf&rnf?
(c) jynfo@l vw $ af wmf ud, k pf m;vS,rf sm;. ta&twGuEf iS hf rJqENe,fajr
rsm;onf jynfaxmifpv k w $ af wmfrS Oya'jyK owfrw S jf yXmef;ay;onfh
twdik ;f jzpfap&rnf?
$ af wmfu,
kd pf m;vS,t
f &nftcsi;f
jynfo@l vw $ af wmfu, kd pf m;vS,t f jzpf 0ifa&muf,OS +f yKd if ta&G;cHrnfh Edik if o H m;
wkid ;f onf
(u) a&G;aumufyu JG si;f yonfah e@wiG f touf (25) ESpjf ynf+h y;D aom zuf'&,f
jynfaxmifpEk ikd if o H m; jzpf&rnf?
(c) Oya't& Edik if o H m;jzpfvmoljzpfv#if Edik if o H m;jzpf+yD;aemuf zuf'&,f
jynfaxmifpt k wGi;f tenf;qH;k (10) ESpf qufwu kd f aexdik cf o
hJ l jzpf&rnf?
(*) Edik if EH pS cf k (od@k r[kw)f Edik if EH pS cf x
k ufyakd om Edik if o H m; rjzpfap&?
$ af wmfOuUXESihf 'kw,
d OuUX
jynfo@l vw$ af wmf ud,
k pf m;vS,rf sm;onf v$waf wmfOuUXESihf 'kw,
d OuUX
wdk@udk jynfol@v$wfawmf udk,fpm;vS,frsm;xJrS qENrJay;I a&G;aumuf
wifajrmuf&rnf?
30

$ af wmfu,
kd pf m;vS,o
f ufwrf;
(u) jynfol@v$wfawmf. yHkrSefoufwrf;onf (4) ESpfjzpfonf? jynfol@
v$waf wmf.oufwrf;udk oufqikd &f mjynfo@l vw $ af wmf. yxrt}urd f
tpnf;ta0;usi;f yonfh ae@rpS I pwifa&wGu&f rnf?
(c) jynfo@l vw
$ af wmfu,kd pf m;vS,rf sm;. oufwrf;onf jynfo@l vw
$ af wmf
. oufwrf;ESit hf nD jzpfap&rnf?
yk'rf (87) jynfo@l v$waf wmfa&G;aumufyrJG sm;usi;f yjcif;
$ af wmfwck. yHrk eS o
jynfo@l vw f ufwrf;rukeq
f ;kH rD tenf;qH;k &ufaygi;f (60)
tvdkwGif aemufoufwrf;topftwGuf jynfol@v$wfawmf taxGaxG
a&G;aumufyJG usi;f y&rnf?
$ af wmfyrkH eS t
f pnf;ta0;
(u) taxGaxGa&$;aumufyJG usi;f y+yD;aemuf &ufaygi;f (60) twGi;f yxr
t}urd f jynfo@l vw
$ af wmftpnf;ta0;udk zuf'&,fjynfaxmifpo k rRw
u ac:,lay;&rnf?
(c) jynfo@l vw $ af wmf yHrk eS tf pnf;ta0;udk tenf;qH;k wESpv
f #iw
f }udrf
usi;f y&rnf?
(*) jynfol@v$wfawmf yHkrSeftpnf;ta0;udk jynfol@v$wfawmf OuUXu
ac:,lay;&rnf?
(C) jynfo@l vw$ af wmf yHrk eS tf pnf;ta0;udk usi;f y&eftwGuf tenf;qH;k
&ufaygi;f (30) }udKwifI a=unm&rnf?
$ af wmf txl;tpnf;ta0; (od@k wnf;r[kw)f
ta&;ay:tpnf;ta0;
(u) jynfo@l vw$ af wmf OuUXonf atmufazmfjyyg tajctaew&yf&yfwiG f
jynfo@l vw
$ af wmf txl;tpnf;ta0;ESihf ta&;ay:tpnf;ta0;rsm;udk
ac:,lusi;f y&rnf?
(1) zuf'&,fjynfaxmifpo k rRwu !$e=f um;jcif;
(2) jynfaxmifpt k pd;k &0ef}uD;csKyfu awmif;qdjk cif;?
(3) jynfo@l vw $ af wmfu, kd pf m;vS,f av;yHw
k yHu
k awmif;qdjk cif;
31
k ajccHOya' ('kw,
d rl-urf;)
(c) jynfol@v$wfawmf txl;tpnf;ta0; (odk@wnf;r[kwf) ta&;ay:

tpnf;ta0;ac:,l usi;f y&eftwGuf tenf;qH;k (15) &uf }udKwif
ta=umif;=um;&rnf?
$ af wmftpnf;ta0; txajrmufjcif;/ rJay;jcif;
jynfo@l vw $ af wmf ud, k pf m;vS,Of ;D a& (30) &mcdik ;f E_e;f ausmf wufa&mufv#if
jynfo@l vw $ af wmf tpnf;ta0;usi;f yEdik o f nf? od@k &mwGif rJcq JG ;kH jzwf&ef
twGujf zpfygu jynfo@l vw $ af wmfu, kd pf m;vS,t f m;vH;k . xuf0ufausmf
wufa&mufro S m tpnf;ta0;txajrmufap&rnf? qH;k jzwfcsurf sm; csrw S f
&mwGif wufa&muforl sm;. trsm;pkqENru J kd &,l&rnf? od@k &mwGif rJta&
twGuf wlnaD eaomtcg jynfo@l vw $ af wmfOuUXonf tqH;k tjzwfru J kd
ay;Ekid cf iG &hf IdS tEdik rf u
J akd y;&rnf?
$ af wmfzsuo
f rd ;f jcif;
(u) zuf'&,fjynfaxmifpo k rRwonf zuf'&,fjynfaxmifpk tpd;k &0ef}uD;
csKyf. t}uHjyKcsut f & jynfo@l vw
$ af wmfukd zsuo
f rd ;f &rnf/ (od@k wnf;
r[kw)f &kyo
f rd ;f &rnf?
¹cGi;f csuf ? ? od@k &mwGif jynfo@l v$waf wmfY tpd;k &tzG@J tay: t,Ht k =unfr&Sd
tqdk wifoiG ;f &mwGif 0ef}uD;csKyfonf jynfo@l vw $ af wmf ud,
k pf m;vS,t f rsm;pk.
axmufcHr_udk qufvufr&&Sdaomtcg/ 0ef}uD;csKyfu v$wfawmfzsufodrf;&ef
(odk@wnf;r[kwf) &kyfodrf;&ef t}uHjyKaomfvnf; zuf'&,fjynfaxmifpkorRw
onf 0ef}uD;csKyf. t}uHjyKcsuu f kd jiif;y,fEikd o
f nf? TuJo h @kd aom tajctae
rsdK;wGif 0ef}uD;csKyftopfwOD;. trnfpm&if;udk wifoGif;&eftwGuf zuf'&,f
jynfaxmifpkorRwonf jynfol@v$wfawmftm; csufjcif;qifhqdk&rnf?
(c) jynfo@l vw $ af wmfonf yk'rf (90) tyd'k cf JG (u) . ¹ciG ;f csut f & qifqh jkd cif;cH
&ygu 0ef}uD;csKyftopf. trnfpm&if;udk (15) &uftwGi;f wifoiG ;f &
rnf? wifoiG ;f &efysuu f uG yf gu zuf'&,fjynfaxmifpo k rRwonf jynf
ol@vw $ af wmfukd zsuo f rd ;f &rnf?
(*) jynfo@l vw $ af wmfuzkd suo f rd ;f +y;D a&G;aumufyt JG opfusi;f yI tpd;k &w&yf
rzG@J pnf;Edik rf /D =um;umvwGif Edik if aH wmfukd pDrt H yk cf sKyf&ef zuf'&,f
jynfaxmifpo k rRwonf =um;jzwftpd;k &w&yfukd zG@J pnf;wm0efay;&rnf?
(C) jynfo@l vw $ af wmftm; zsuo f rd ;f +yD;aemuf &ufaygi;f (60) xuf aemuf
rusapbJ jynfo@l vw $ af wmfu, dk pf m;vS,af &G;aumufyrJG sm; usi;f y&rnf?
32

$ af wmfOuUX. tcGit
hf m%m
jynfo@l vw $ af wmfOuUXonf jynfo@l vw $ af wmftpnf;a0;rsm;ESihf jynfo@l
v$waf wmfu, kd pf m;vS,rf sm;. pnf;urf;vdu k ef mr_ukd xde;f odr;f }uD;=uyfciG hf
tm%m&Sad p&rnf? jynfo@l vw $ af wmf OypmtwGi;f jynfo@l vw $ af wmfOuUX.
cGijhf yKcsurf &yJ rnforl # 0ifa&muf&mS azGjcif;/ zrf;qD;ta&;,ljcif; jyKydik cf iG rhf &Sd
ap&?
yk'rf (93) pkpH rf;a&;aumfr&Sif
jynfo@l vw$ af wmfu,kd pf m;vS,f av;yHwk yHu
k awmif;qdv
k #i/f jynfo@l vw $ af wmf
onf pHkprf;a&;aumfr&Sifw&yfudk zGJ@pnf;&rnf? jynfol@v$wfawmfonf
aumfr&Si.f vkyif ef;wm0efrsm;udk zuf'&,fjynfaxmifpv k w $ af wmfu jyXmef;
xm;aom aumfr&Sizf @JG pnf;jcif;qdik &f m Oya'ESit
hf nD owfrw S jf yXmef;ay;
&rnf?
$ af wmf. a&;&maumfrwDrsm;zG@J pnf;jcif;
jynfo@l vw$ af wmfwiG f Edik if jH cm;a&;&maumfrwD/ umuG,af &;qdik &f ma&;&m
aumfrwD/ b¾ma&;&maumfrwDEiS hf ul;oef;a&mif;0,fa&;&maumfrwDrsm;
tygt0if vdt k yfaoma&;&maumfrwDrsm;udk jynfo@l vw $ af wmf. ud, k pf m;
vS,rf sm;jzifh zG@J pnf;Ekid cf iG &hf o
dS nf?
$ af wmfqikd &f mpnf;rsO;f pnf;urf;rsm;
jynfo@l vw$ af wmfonf jynfo@l vw $ af wmfqikd &f m pnf;rsO;f pnf;urf; vkyx
f ;kH
vkyef nf;rsm;udk owfrw
S jf yXmef;&rnf?
33
k ajccHOya' ('kw,
d rl-urf;)
tcef; (5)
zuf'&,fjynfaxmifpkOya'jyKjcif;
Federal Legislation
yk'rf (96) Oya'=urf;rsm;wifoiG ;f jcif;

(u) Oya'=urf;rsm;ukd zuf'&,fjynfaxmifpk tpk;d &uaomfvnf;aumif;
v$waf wmfw&yf&yf. uk, d pf m;vS,rf sm;uaomfvnf;aumif; wifoiG ;f
&rnf?
(c) aiGOya'=urf;rsm;udk jynfo@l vw$ af wmfYom pwifwifoiG ;f &rnf?
(*) obm0o,HZmwESihf pyfvsO;f aom Oya'=urf;rsm;ukd trsK;d om;v$wf
awmfYom pwifwifoiG ;f &rnf?
yk'rf (97) Oya'=urf;rsm;Oya'jzpfjcif;
(u) zuf'&,fjynfaxmifpk &ok;H cef@reS ;f ajc aiGOya'=urf;rSty jynfo@l vw $ f
awmfwiG f pwifwifoiG ;f aom Oya'=urf;tm;vk;H onf tqkyd g v$waf wmf
wGif xuf0ufausmf qENr&J &S+d y;D aemuf trsK;d om;v$waf wmfo@dk qufvuf
wifoiG ;f aomtcg trsK;d om;v$waf wmfu, dk pf m;vS,rf sm;. xuf0uf
ausmf qENr&J &Srd o
S mv#if xkOd ya'=urf;onf Oya' jzpfap&rnf?
(c) trsK;d om;v$waf wmfwiG f pwifwifoiG ;f aom Oya'=urf;onf tqkyd g
v$waf wmfwiG f xuf0ufausmf qENr&J &S+d yD;aemuf jynfo@l vw $ af wmfo@dk
qufvufwifoiG ;f aomtcg jynfo@l vw $ af wmf uk, d pf m;vS,f xuf0uf
ausm. f qENr&J &Srd o
S mv#if xkOd ya'=urf;onf Oya' jzpfap&rnf?
yk'rf (98) zuf'&,fjynfaxmifpk ESppf Of&oH;k cef@reS ;f ajc aiGOya'=urf;twnfjyKjcif;
zuf'&,fjynfaxmifpk ESppf Of&ok;H cef@reS ;f ajc aiGOya'=urf;ukd jynfo@l vw
$ f
awmfwGif pwifwifoGif;&rnf? xkdOya'=urf;ukd jynfol@v$wfawmfwGif
omreftrsm;pkqENrjJ zifh twnfjyK+yD;ygu trsK;d om;v$waf wmfo@dk wify@dk
&rnf? (21) &uftwGi;f trsK;d om;v$waf wmfrS omreftrsm;pk qENrjJ zifh
twnfjyKv#if Oya' jzpfap&rnf?
34
yk'rf (99) omreftoH;k p&dwo

f ;kH pGjJ cif;
zuf'&,fjynfaxmifpktpdk;&. ESpfpOf&§oHk;cef@rSef;ajc aiGOya'=urf;udk
b¾ma&;ESpfrukefqHk;rD zuf'&,fjynfaxmifpkv$wfawmfu twnfrjyK
Edik af o;v#if ,refEpS u f twnfjyKcJo h nfh zuf'&,fjynfaxmifpt k pd;k &.
&§oH;k cef@reS ;f ajc aiGpm&if;yg omreftoH;k p&dwf cGijhf yKcsuaf bmiftwGi;f rS
oH;k pGEJ ikd o
f nf?
yk'rf (100) yl;wGn
J Ed id_ ;f a&;aumfrwD
(u) v$waf wmfw&yf&yfu twnfjyK+yD;aom Oya'=urf;wckv;Hk ukjd zpfap
wpdyw f ykid ;f ukjd zpfap tjcm;v$waf wmfrS twnfjyKEkid jf cif;r&Sv d #if yl;wGnJ d
E_id ;f a&;aumfrwD zG@J pnf;I xkOd ya'=urf;ukd nEd id_ ;f r_jyK&ef v$waf wmfw&yf
&yfujzpfap zuf'&,fjynfaxmifpt k pk;d &ujzpfap awmif;qkEd idk of nf?
(c) yl;wGn J Ed id_ ;f a&;aumfrwDudk v$waf wmfEpS &f yfrS wlnaD om uk, d pf m;vS,f
rsm;jzifh zJ@G pnf;&rnf?
(*) yl;wGn J Ed id_ ;f a&;aumfrwDonf oufqidk &f mvkyif ef; +y;D qk;H onfEiS hf zsuo f rd ;f
+yD; jzpfap&rnf?
(C) yl;wGn J Ed id_ ;f a&;aumfrwDwiG f nEd id_ ;f aomfvnf; oabmwlnrD r_ &&Syd gu
tqkyd g Oya=urf;onf Oya'jzpf&ef tcGit hf vrf;r&Sad om Oya'=urf;
jzpfap&rnf?
(i) yl;wGn J Ed id_ ;f a&;aumfrwDwiG f oabmwlnrD _ &&Sad omfvnf; jyifqifr_
&Sv d #iaf omfvnf;aumif;/ ajymif;vnf;r_&v dS #iaf omfvnf;aumif;/ xkd
Oya'=urf;tm; pwifwifoiG ;f aom v$waf wmfo@dk jyefvnfay;yk@d &rnf?
,if;v$waf wmfu twnfjyK+y;D aemuf tjcm;v$waf wmfo@dk ay;yk@d &mY xkd
v$waf wmfu qufvuftwnfjyKv#if Oya' jzpfap&rnf?
(p) txufy'k rf cGJ (i) t& ay;yk@d aomfvnf; yk'rf (97) jyXmef;csuyf g vkyx f ;Hk
vkyef nf;twkid ;f twnfrjyKEdik af om Oya'=urf;onf Oya'jzpf&ef tcGihf
tvrf;r&Sad om Oya'=urf; jzpfap&rnf?
yk'rf (101) Oya'jzpf&eftcGit
hf vrf;r&Sad omOya'=urf;
Oya'jzpf&ef tcGifhtvrf;r&Sdaom Oya'=urf;wckukd y,fcsonfhae@rSpI
ESpEf pS t
f wGi;f rnfonfh v$waf wmfwiG rf S xyfrw
H ifoiG ;f jcif; r&Sad p&?
35
k ajccHOya' ('kw,
d rl-urf;)
yk'rf (102) xkwjf yefa=unmjcif;/ tm%mwnfjcif;

zuf'&,fjynfaxmifpkv$wfawmfrS twnfjyK+yD;aom Oya'=urf;wkdif;ukd
zuf'&,fjynfaxmifpk orRwu (7) &uftwGi;f vufrwS af &;xk;d xkwjf yef
a=unm&rnf? (7) &ufausmfvGefv#if orRwu vufrSwfa&;xkd;jcif;r&Sd
aomfvnf; tm%mwnfap&rnf?
k w
$ af wmf. oD;oef@ Oya'jyKtm%mt!Ge;f
zuf'&,fjynfaxmifpv
k w
$ af wmfonf atmufyg pm&if;ygupd rP sm;tvk@d imS
oD;oef@Oya'jyKtm%m &Sad p&rnf?
(u) umuG,af &;ESihf vH+k cHKa&;u¾
(1) zuf'&,fjynfaxmifpv k ufeufuikd w
f yfz@JG rsm;ESihf trsKd ;om;vHjk cKH a&;
qdik &f mtzG@J rsm;Oya'
(2) zuf'&,fjynfaxmifpw k yfrawmfOya'
(3) zuf'&,fjynfaxmifpak xmufvrS ;f a&;tzG@J Oya'
(4) trsK;d om;vH+k cHKa&;aumifpOD ya'
(5) zuf'&,fjynfaxmifpk &Jwyfz@JG Oya'
(6) vufeufEiS hf ayguu f aJG pwwfaom cJ,rf;rD;ausmufrsm; xkwv f yk f
jcif;/ a&mif;csjcif;/ wifoiG ;f jcif;/ wify@dk jcif;qdik &f mOya'
(7) Edik if o
H m;rsm; ppfrx_ rf;a&;qdik &f mOya'
(c) Ekid if jH cm;a&;u¾
(1) tjynfjynfqikd &f m/ a'oqdik &f mESihf ESpjf ynfaxmifqikd &f m pmcsKyf
pmwrf;rsm; oabmwlncD surf sm;Oya'
(2) Edik if u H ;l vufrw
S Ef iS hf vl0ifr}_ uD;=uyfa&;qkid &f mOya'
(3) ukvor*~EiS hf oHwrefqikd &f mudp&P yfrsm;Oya'
(*) pD;yGm;a&;ESihf b¾ma&;u¾
(1) aiGpuULESihf aiG'*F g;xkwv f yk jf cif;/ jzef@a0jcif;qdik &f mOya'
(2) zuf'&,fjynfaxmifp. k ESppf Of &ok;H cef@reS ;f ajcaiGpm&if;qdik &f mOya'
(3) Ekid if w
H um ukeof , G af &;ESihf ul;oef;a&mif;0,fa&;qdik &f mOya'
36
(4) Ekid if w
H um aiG;a=u;qdik &f mtzG@J tpnf;rsm;ESihf qufo,
G jf cif;qkid &f m
Oya'
(5) oGi;f ukex f w
k uf ek t
f cGeaf umufcjH cif;qkid &f mOya'
(6) zuf'&,fjynfaxmifpAk [db k %fOya'
(C) qufo, G af &;ESihf yd@k aqmifa&;u¾
(1) pmwku d Ef iS hf a=u;eef;qufo, G af &;Oya'
(2) jynfaxmifpq k idk &f m a&'D,Edk iS hf &kyjf rifo=H um;vkyif ef;rsm;Oya'
(3) zuf'&,fjynfaxmifpk ta0;ajy;um;vrf;rsm;/ &xm;vrf;rsm;/ a&
a=umif;vrf;rsm;/ urf;&d;k wef;ESihf yifv,fa&a=umif;oGm;vma&;
rsm;ESihf ava=umif;vkyif ef;rsm;qdik &f mOya'
(i) ynma&;u¾
(1) bG@J veG yf nma&;/ yk*v ~ ud ausmif;rsm;qkid &f mOya'
(2) tqifjh rifo h yd EH` iS hf enf;ynmqdik &f mOya'
(3) tajccHynmudk tcrJo h if=um;cGiqhf ikd &f mOya'
(p) use;f rma&;ESihf vlrz_ v l akH &;u¾
(1) jynfaxmifpq k idk &f m use;f rma&;udp&P yfrsm;Oya'
(2) uav;oli,frsm;/ trsK;d orD;rsm;/ roefrpGr;f olrsm;ESihf ouf}uD;
&G,t
f rkd sm; apmifah &Smufa&;qdik &f mOya'
(3) uav;rsm;tcGit hf a&;qdik &f mOya'
(q) w&m;a&;u¾
(1) zuf'&,fjynfaxmifpk w&m;v$waf wmfcsKyf. oD;oef@p&D ifyikd cf iG hf
qkid &f mOya'
(2) zG@J pnf;yHt
k ajccHOya'w&m;&H;k ud,k pf m;vS,rf sm; a&G;cs,jf cif;qdik &f m
Oya'
(3) zuf'&,fjynfaxmifpk w&m;&H;k rsm;zG@J pnf;jcif;ESihf zuf'&,fw&m;
ol}uD;rsm; cef@tyfjcif;qdik &f mOya'
(4) "avhx;Hk wrf; uGjJ ym;jcm;em;olrsm;t=um; vufxyfxrd ;f jrm;jcif;
vifr,m;uGm&Si;f jcif;ESihf tarGqufcjH cif;qkid &f mOya'
37
k ajccHOya' ('kw,
d rl-urf;)
(Z) v$waf wmfrsm;a&;&mu¾

(1) trsKd;om;v$wfawmfESifh jynfol@v$wfawmfaumfr&SifzGJ@pnf;jcif;
qkid &f mOya'
(2) jynfo@l vw $ af wmfu, dk pf m;vS,rf sm; a&G;aumufwifajrmufjcif;
Oya'
(3) jynfo@l vw $ af wmf pHpk rf;ppfaq;a&;aumfr&Sirf sm;qdik &f mOya'
(ps) pufrv
_ ufru _ ¾
(1) tav;csed Ef iS hf jcifw, G w
f idk ;f wmjcif;qdik &f mOya'
(2) ul;,ljzef@cscD iG /hf enf;ynmrlyidk cf iG /hf 'DZikd ;f ESihf wHqyd t
f rSwt f om;
qkid &f mOya'
(3) tvkycf sed /f tedrq hf ;kH vkycf / tvkyyf w d &f ufrsm;ESihf vkyif ef;cGif ab;
tE &W ,fuif;&Si;f a&; pHEe_ ;f owfrw S cf suf qdik &f mOya'
(n) t&yf&yfqikd &f mu¾
(1) Edik if aH &;ygwrD sm;qdik &f mOya'
(2) jynfe,fopfrsm;zG@J pnf;jcif;qkid &f mOya'
(3) toif;tzG@J rsm;ESihf or*~rsm;zG@J pnf;jcif;qkid &f mOya'
(4) zuf'&,fjynfaxmifp+k rdK@awmf owfrw S jf cif;Oya'
(5) zuf'&,fjynfaxmifpo k rRw a&G;cs,w f ifajrmufjcif;qkid &f mOya'
(6) Edik if aH &;wm0efxrf;aqmifol yk*Kd~ vfrsm;. aiGa=u;ESiyhf pPn;f OpPm
ydik q
f idk rf q
_ ikd &f mOya'
(7) zuf'&,fjynfaxmifpk (ta0;a&muf) Edik if o H m;rsm;. tcGit hf a&;
ESihf wm0ef0wW&m;rsm;qdik &f mOya'
(8) vlO;D a&oef;acgipf m&if; aumufcjH cif;qdik &f mOya'
(9) zuf'&,fjynfaxmifpEk idk if o H m;jzpfjcif;ESihf Ekid if jH cm;om;rsm; Ekid if H
om;jzpfjcif;qkid &f mOya'
(10) EkdifiHawmfta&;ay:tajctaeqdkif&mOya'
(11) vlxq k ENazmfxw k jf cif;ESihf vkyx f ;kH vkyef nf;rsm;qkid &f mOya'
(12) trSew f &m; azmfxw k af &;ESihf jyefvnfoifjh rwfa&;aumfr&SiOf ya'
38
yk'rf (104) xyfwOl ya'jyKtm%mt!Ge;f

zuf'&,fjynfaxmifpkv$wfawmfESifh jynfe,fv$wfawmftoD;oD;wkd@onf
atmufpm&if;ygupd rP sm;wGif rdrw d @dk vw $ af wmfwckcsi;f pDtvku d f xyfwOl ya'
jyKykid cf iG hf tm%m&Sad p&rnf?
(1) zuf'&,fjynfaxmifpktwGif; a&mif;0,fcGef/ pD;yGm;a&;vkyfief;cGef/
tjrwfceG /f ,pfrsK;d cGe/f qdyu f rf;cGet f ygt0if taumuftcGeq f idk &f m
udp&P yfrsm;
(2) obm0ywf0ef;usix f ed ;f odr;f a&;
(3) rl;,pfxx Hk idk ;f ab;jzpfapwwfaom aq;0g;rsm;
(4) zGm;aopm&if; rSwyf w Hk ifjcif;
(5) zuf'&,fjynfaxmifpktzGJ@0if jynfe,fwcktwGif;Y usa&mufonfh
zuf'&,fjynfaxmifp. k pGr;f tifprD u H ed ;f vkyif ef;rsm;/ zG@H +zdK;a&;pDru H ed ;f
}uD;rsm;
(6) zuf'&,fjynfaxmifpt k zG@J 0if jynfe,fwcktwGi;f ajray:ajratmuf
o,HZmw wl;azmfxw k v f yk jf cif;/ a&mif;csjcif;
(7) Ekid if jH cm;tpk;d &rsm;ESihf ukr% ` rD sm;rS zuf'&,fjynfaxmifpt k zG@J 0if jynf
e,frsm;ok@d &if;ES;D jrKyfEjHS cif;qkid &f mudp&P yfrsm;
(8) a'oqkid &f m a&'D,Edk iS hf &kyjf rifo=H um;vkyif ef;rsm;
(9) b%fEiS hf tmrcHvyk if ef;rsm;
(10) aetdr/f Oypm/ ajr,mykid q f idk rf _ v$aJ jymif;jcif;qkid &f mudprP sm;
(11) wuUov dk Ef iS hf toufar$;0rf;a=umif; ynma&;qkid &f m jyXmef;csurf sm;
(12) zuf'&,fjynfaxmifpt k zG@J 0ifjynfe,f we,frw S e,fo@dk jzwfoef;pD;
qif;vsu&f adS om jrpfrsm;ESihf a&a=umif;qkid &f m pnf;rsn;f owfrw S cf suf
rsm;/ jynfwiG ;f yifv,fa&a=umif;ESihf urf;&k;d wef; o,f,yl @dk aqmifa&;
qkid &f m pnf;rsn;f owfrw S cf surf sm;
(13) 'kuo Q nfa&;&mESihf Ekid if aH &;ckv d cHk iG hf
(14) &mZwfr_ Oya'ESihf w&m;rusix hf ;Hk Oya'rsm;
(15) jynfo@l 0efxrf; avhusiahf &;oifwef;rsm;
(16) tvkyo f rm;ESihf v,form;qdik &f m Oya'jyXmef;csurf sm;
39
k ajccHOya' ('kw,
d rl-urf;)
yk'rf (105) zG@J pnf;yHt

k ajccHOya'qdik &f m w&m;&H;k .tqH;k tjzwfukd cH,jl cif;
xyfwOl ya'jyKtm%mt!Ge;f &Sd jyXmef;csuw f &yf&yfEiS hf pyfvsO;f I zuf'&,f
jynfaxmifpv k w$ af wmfujzpfap/ jynfe,fvw $ af wmfwckcu k jzpfap Oya'jyK
cJah omf tjiif;yGm;zG,&f mrsm; jzpfymG ;vmygu zG@J pnf;yHt k ajccHOya'qdik &f m
w&m;&H;k . tqH;k tjzwfukd cH,&l rnf?
yk'rf (106) xyfwOl ya'jyKtm%mt!Ge;f t& jynfaxmifpu
k Oya'jyKjcif;
xyfwOl ya'jyKtm%mt!Ge;f &Sd jyXmef;csuw f &yf&yfEiS hf pyfvsO;f I jynfe,f
wckcuk Oya'jyKcJah omf tjcm;jynfe,fwckck (ok@d r[kw)f tjcm;jynfe,f
om;wk@d . tusK;d pD;yGm;ukd xdcu dk Ef idk jf cif; (ok@d r[kw)f zuf'&,fjynfaxmifpk
w0Sr;f vk;H . tusK;d pD;yGm;ukd xdcudk af pEkid jf cif;jzpfv#if zuf'&,fjynfaxmifpk
v$waf wmfu Oya'jyK&rnf?
yk'rf (107) yl;wGo
J abmwlnrD &_ ,ljcif;
obm0o,HZmw wl;azmfxkwfvkyfjcif;ESifh a&mif;csjcif;/ EkdifiHjcm;&if;ESD;
k v
jrK yEf jHS cif;/ pGr;f tifxw f yk jf cif;wk@d twGuf zuf'&,fjynfaxmifpvk w$ af wmfu
Oya'jyKrnfqkdv#if oufqkdifaom jynfe,fv$wfawmfrsm;uaomfvnf;
aumif;/ jynfe,fvw $ af wmfu Oya'jyKrnfqv dk #if zuf'&,fjynfaxmifpk
v$waf wmfuaomfvnf;aumif; oabmwln+D yD;rS xkOd ya'tm%mwnfap
&rnf?
yk'rf (108) jynfe,frsm;. Oya'jyKtm%m
TzG@J pnf;ykt
H ajccHOya't& z,f'&,fjynfaxmifpOk ya'jyKtm%mt!Ge;f
rsm;wGif twdvif;owfrw S jf yXmef;xm;jcif; r&Sad omudprP sm;ESihf pyfv#O;f I
oufqidk &f mjynfe,fvw $ af wmfrsm;Y Oya'jyKykid cf iG hf &Sad p&rnf?
yk'rf (109) zuf'&,fjynfaxmifpOk ya'uv$r;f rk;d jcif;
zuf'&,fjynfaxmifpOk ya'ESihf jynfe,fOya'wd@k qef@usiu
f v
JG rJG _ jzpfay:vm
ygu zuf'&,fjynfaxmifpOk ya'u jynfe,fOya'tay: v$r;f rk;d ap&rnf?
40
tcef; (6)
zuf'&,fjynfaxmifpkoRw
Federal President
yk'rf (110) Ekid if aH wmfO;D ao#mif

zuf'&,fjynfaxmifpok rRwonf zuf'&,fjynfaxmifpo
k rRwEdik if aH wmf.
OD;ao#mifjzpfonf?
yk'rf (111) t&nftcsif;
(u) zuf'&,fjynfaxmifpk orRw (od@k r[kw)f 'kw, d orRw tjzpfa&G;cs,f
wifajrmufcrH nfo h o l nf atmufyg t&nftcsi;f rsm;ESihf jynfph &Hk rnf?
(1) zuf'&,fjynfaxmifpk Ekid if o H m;jzpf&rnf?
(2) zuf'&,fjynfaxmifpEk idk if o H m; rdbESpyf g;rS arG;zGm;ol jzpf&rnf?
(3) z,f'&,fjynfaxmifpt k wGi;f (10) ESpx f ufrenf; qufwu dk af exkid f
cJoh l jzpf&rnf?
(4) orRwavmif;tjzpf trnfpm&if; wifoiG ;f aomae@wiG f touf
(35) ESpjf ynf+h yD; jzpf&rnf?
(5) Edik if EH pS cf k (od@k r[kw)f Edik if EH pS cf xk ufyakd om Edik if o
H m;rjzpfap&?
(c) zuf'&,fjynfaxmifpo k rRwESihf 'kw, d orRwonf zuf'&,fjynfaxmif
pk (okd@r[kwf) jynfe,ftpkd;&w&yf&yf. tzGJ@0ifaomfvnf;aumif;/
v$wfawmfw&yf&yf. ukd,fpm;vS,faomfvnf;aumif; rjzpfap&?
v$wfawmfukd,fpm;vS,fwOD;OD; (okd@r[kwf) jynfe,ftpkd;&tzGJ@0if
wOD;OD;onf orRwtjzpf a&G;cs,w f ifajrmufjcif;cH&ygu oufqidk &f m
v$waf wmfu, dk pf m;vS,f (ok@d r[kw)f tpk;d & tzG@J 0iftjzpfrS E_wx f uG +f yD;
jzpfap&rnf?
yk'rf (112) a&G;cs,yf pHk epf
(u) jynfe,fvw$ af wmftoD;oD;rS wjynfe,fv#if wOD;uspD ay;yk@d aom
d orRwwOD;ukd trsK;d om;
orRwavmif;rsm;teufrS orRwwOD;ESihf 'kw,
v$waf wmfrS a&G;cs,w
f ifajrmuf&rnf?
41
k ajccHOya' ('kw,
d rl-urf;)
(c) jynfe,fwckrS zuf'&,fjynfaxmifpkorRwtjzpf a&G;cs,fcHcJh&ygu

aemufxyfoufwrf; ok;H }urd t f wGi;f tqkyd gjynfe,frS xyfraH &G;cs,cf jH cif;
r&Sad p&? Toufwrf;a&wGurf w _ iG f 'kw,
d orRw oufwrf;umv t}uKH ;
r0ifap&?
(*) zuf'&,fjynfaxmifpo k rRwtopfukd a&G;cs,w f ifajrmuf&eftwGuf
zuf'&,fjynfaxmifpkorRwonf rdrd.&mxl;oufwrf; rukefqHk;rD
tenf;qHk; (6) v}udKwifI trsKd;om;v$wfawmftm; qifhac:&ef
ta=umif;=um;&rnf?
(C) orRwa&G;cs,jf cif;qkid &f m Oya'udk zuf'&,fjynfaxmifpv k w$ af wmfu
jyXmef;ay;&rnf?
yk'rf (113) oufwrf;
zuf'&,fjynfaxmifpo k rRw. oufwrf;onf wm0efxrf;aqmifonfh ae@rS
pI (5) ESpf jzpfap&rnf?
hf yk yf ikd cf iG rhf sm;
yk'rf (114) wm0efEiS v
(u) zuf'&,fjynfaxmifpo k rRwonf zuf'&,fjynfaxmifpk wyfrawmf
tygt0if zuf'&,fjynfaxmifpk umuG,af &;ESihf vH+k cHKa&;wyfz@JG rsm;.
ppfaoemywdcsKyfwm0efudk xrf;aqmif&rnf? odk@&mwGif TtcGifh
tm%mudk zuf'&,fjynfaxmifp. k ta&;ay:tajctaeumvYom
tjynft h 0 usio hf ;kH Edik cf iG &hf o
dS nf?
(c) zuf'&,fjynfaxmifpo k rRwonf zuf'&,fjynfaxmifpt k pk;d &ESihf nEd id_ ;f
I oabmwlnDcsufukd&,l+yD; jynfyEkdifiHwckckukd ppfa=unmjcif;/
ppf&yfpjJ cif;rsm; jyKvkyyf idk cf iG &hf o dS nf?
(*) txuftydk'f (c) yg aqmif&GufcsufESifhywfoufI zuf'&,fjynf
axmifpo k rRwonf teD;uyfq;kH yHrk eS zf uf'&,fjynfaxmifpk v$waf wmf
tpnf;ta0; (odk@wnf;r[kwf) ta&;ay: zuf'&,fjynfaxmifpk
v$waf wmftpnf;ta0;udk ac:,lI twnfjyKcsuf &,l&rnf?
(C) zuf'&,fjynfaxmifpo k rRwonf jynfo@l vw $ af wmfu 0ef}u;D csKyt f jzpf
trnfpm&if;wifoiG ;f aom yk*Kd~ vftm; zuf'&,fjynfaxmifpt k pk;d &.
0ef}uD;csKyftjzpf cef@xm;&rnf?
42
(i) zuf'&,fjynfaxmifpo k rRwonf zuf'&,fjynfaxmifpk 0ef}uD;csKyfu

trnfpm&if;wifoGif;aom yk*~dKvfwdk@udk zuf'&,fjynfxmifpktpdk;&
tzG@J 0if0ef}uD;rsm'tjzpf cef@xm;&rnf?
(p) zuf'&,fjynfaxmifpo k rRwonf zuf'&,fjynfaxmifpv k w $ af wmf.
twnfjyKcsu&f &S+d yD;oltm; zuf'&,fjynfaxmifp. k a&S@aecsKyftjzpf
cef@xm;&rnf?
(q) zuf'&,fjynfaxmifpo k rRwonf zuf'&,fjynfaxmifpv k w $ af wmf.
twnfjyKcsu&f &S+d y;D oltm; zuf'&,fjynfaxmifpk w&m;v$waf wmfcsKyf
w&m;ol}uD;rsm;ESifh w&m;v$wfawmfcsKyf w&m;ol}uD;csKyftjzpfcef@
xm;&rnf?
(Z) zuf'&,fjynfaxmifpo k rRwonf zuf'&,fjynfaxmifpv k w $ af wmf.
twnfjyKcsu&f &S+d y;D oltm; zuf'&,fjynfaxmifp. k pm&if;ppfcsKyftjzpf
cef@xm;&rnf?
(ps) zuf'&,fjynfaxmifpo k rRwonf zuf'&,fjynfaxmifpv k w $ af wmf.
twnfjyKcsu&f &S+d yD;oltm; zuf'&,fjynfaxmifpak umfr&Sif toD;oD;
wd@k . tzG@J 0ifrsm;tjzpf cef@xm;&rnf?
(n) zuf'&,fjynfaxmifpkorRwonf 0ef}uD;csKyf. t}uHay;csuft&
zuf'&,fjynfaxmifpt k pd;k &0ef}uD; wOD;OD;. &mxl;rSEw k x f u G pf mudk
vufc&H rnf? (od@k wnf;r[kw)f &mxl;rS &yfpaJ p&rnf?
(É) zuf'&,fjynfaxmifpo k rRwonf zuf'&,fjynfaxmifp0k ef}uD;csKyf.
t}uaH y;csut f & jynfo@l vw $ af wmf udk qifah c:&rnf? (od@k wnf;r[kw)f
&kyo f rd ;f &rnf? (od@k wnf;r[kw)f zsuo f rd ;f &rnf? Tod@k aqmif&u G &f mwGif
zG@J pnf;yHt k ajccHOya' yk'rf (91) yg jyXmef;csurf sm;ESit hf nD aqmif&u G &f
rnf?
(X) zuf'&,fjynfaxmifpv k w $ af wmfu twnfjyKaom (od@k wnf;r[kw)f
twnfjyK+yD;jzpfonf[k rSw, f &l rnfh Oya'=urf;tm; zuf'&,fjynf
axmifpOk ya' jzpfajrmufvma&;twGuf zuf'&,fjynfaxmifpo k rRw
u vufrw S af &;xd;k +yD; xkwjf yefa=unmay;&rnf?
(È) zuf'&,fjynfaxmifpo k rRwonf zuf'&,fjynfaxmifpEk iS hf pyfvsO;f I
jzpfap jynfov l x
l Ek iS hf oufqikd o f nfh ta&;}u;D aomudprP sm;ESihf pyfvsO;f
43
k ajccHOya' ('kw,
d rl-urf;)
Ijzpfap trSmv$mjzifah omfvnf;aumif; rde@f ceG ;f jzifah omfvnf;aumif;

$ af wmfo@kd ta=umif;=um;Edik o f nf?
(Ê) zuf'&,fjynfaxmifpkorRwonf tcgtm;avsmfpGm zuf'&,fjynf
axmifpw k 0Sr;f vH;k od@k rde@f ceG ;f ¹rGu=f um; Edik o
f nf?
(%) zuf'&,fjynfaxmifpo k rRwonf TzG@J pnf;yHt k ajccHOya'wGif twnfh
tvif;jyXmef;csurf sm;rSvI JG tjcm;udprP sm;wGif zuf'&,fjynfaxmifpk
tpd;k &ESihf nEd id_ ;f Iaqmif&u G Ef ikd o
f nf? od@k &mwGif zG@J pnf;yHt
k ajccHOya'
ESihf rqef@usiaf p&?
(w) zuf'&,fjynfaxmifpo k rRwonf ta&;tay:tajctae a=ujimjcif;
ESihf &kyo
f rd ;f jcif;wd@k ukd xkwjf yefa=ujimay;&rnf?
(x) zuf'&,fjynfaxmifpo k rRwonf vGw+f ird ;f csr;f omcGihf ay;ykid cf iG &hf o
dS nf?
yk'rf (115) zuf'&,fjynfaxmifpk 'kw,
d orRw. wm0efEiS v
hf yk yf ikd cf iG rhf sm;
zuf'&,fjynfaxmifpk orRwu vkyif ef;wm0efrsm;udk rdrt d vdtk av#muf
v$t
J yfaomtcgwiG jf zpfap/ wm0efudk qufvufxrf;aqmifEidk pf rG ;f r&Sad wmh
v#ijf zpfap/ &mxl;rS z,f&mS ;cH&v#ijf zpfap/ uG,v f eG v f #ijf zpfap zuf'&,f
jynfaxmifpk 'kw, d orRwonf orRw. vkyyf ikd cf iG Ehf iS hf wm0ef0wW&m;rsm;udk
xrf;aqmifciG hf &Sad p&rnf?
k rRwESihf 'kw,
d orRw. cHpm;ydik cf iG rhf sm;
zuf'&,fjynfaxmifpo
k rRwESihf 'kw,d orRwwd@k onf oD;oef@owfrw S x
f m;
onfh taqmifta,mifEiS ahf etdrw f @kd ukd &&Sad p&rnf? xd@k tjyif Oya'jzifh
owfrwS x
f m;aom vpmESipfh &dwrf sm;udk cHpm;cGihf &Sad p&rnf?
k rRwukt
d a&;,ljcif;
atmufazmfjyyg ta=umif;t&mwckct k wGuf zuf'&,fjynfaxmifpo k rRwudk
pGypf rJG _ jyKvkyEf ikd o
f nf?
(u) zuf'&,fjynfaxmifpo k rRwonf
(1) zuf'&,fjynfaxmifp. k aus;Zl;opPmukd azmufzsujf cif;
(2) TzG@J pnf;tkycf sKyfyt Hk ajccHOya'ukd azmufzsuu f sL;vGejf cif;
(3) tusio hf u
d mQ vGeu
f pJ mG ysujf ym;jcif;
44
(c) txuftyd'k f (u) t& orRwtay: pGypf cJG sut f m; v$waf wmfw&yf&yf
wGif wifoiG ;f Edik o f nf? v$waf wmfw&yf&yf. uk, d pf m;vS,t f enf;qH;k
xuf0ufausmrf S twnfjyKaxmufccH sut f &omv#if pGypf cJG suu f kd quf
vufppkH rf;ppfaq;Edik o f nf?
(*) zuf'&,fjynfaxmifpv k w $ af wmfqikd &f m v$waf wmfw&yf. twnfjyK+y;D
aom xdpk yG pf cJG suu f kd tjcm;v$waf wmfw&yfu pHpk rf;ppfaq;&rnf?
(C) oufqikd &f m v$waf wmfw&yfu pHpk rf;ppfaq;+yD;aemuf zuf'&,fjynf
axmifpo k rRwtm; &mxl;wGif qufvufI rxrf;&Guaf poifah om jypfr_
jzpfonf[I l tqdyk gvw $ af wmf ud, k pf m;vS,f pkpak ygi;f . oH;k yHEk pS yf u
kH
twnfjyKcJah omf xdt k qdu k kd zuf'&,fjynfaxmifpv k w
$ af wmfo@kd quf
vuf wifoiG ;f &rnf?
(i) zuf'&,fjynfaxmifpv k w $ af wmfonf txuftyd'k f (C) t& wifoiG ;f
vmonfhtqdktm; zuf'&,fjynfaxmifpk v$wfawmfudk,fpm;vS,f
pkpak ygi;f . xuf0ufausmq f ENrjJ zifh twnfjyKygu zuf'&,fjynfaxmifpk
orRwtm; wm0efrS &yfpaJ p&rnf?
(p) pGypf cJG suuf kd pHpk rf;ppfaq;aomtcgwiG f zuf'&,fjynfaxmifpo k rRwonf
rdrdudk,fwdkifaomfvnf;aumif; udk,fpm;vS,fjzifhaomfvnf;aumif;
ckcaH csycGihf &S&d rnf?
(q) Tyk'rf yg jyXmef;csurf sm;onf 'kw, d orRwESiv hf nf; oufqidk af p&rnf?
yk'rf (118) tpm;xk;d a&G;cs,w
f ifajrm ufjcif;
zuf'&,fjynfaxmifpo k rRw uG,v f eG v
f #ijf zpfap/ if;.wm0efudk qufvuf
xrf;aqmifEidk pf rG ;f r&Sad wmhv#ijf zpfap/ yk'rf (116) t& &mxl;rS z,f&mS ;cH&
v#ijf zpfap/ vpfvyfomG ;aom ae&mtwGuf atmufygwidk ;f tpm;xk;d a&G;cs,f
wifajrmuf&rnf?
(u) zuf'&,fjynfaxmifpo k rRw. rlvoufwrf; ukeq f ;kH onftxd 'kw,
d
orRwonf zuf'&,fjynfaxmifpk orRwwm0efukd qufvufxrf;
aqmif&rnf? 'kw, d orRwtaejzifh TuJo h @dk orRwwm0efukd tpm;xd;k
xrfaqmifjcif;onf yk'rf (111) yk'rf cGJ (c) yg jyXmef;csuEf iS hf t}uHK;r0if
ap&?
45
k ajccHOya' ('kw,
d rl-urf;)
(c) vpfvyfomG ;aom 'kw, d orRwae&mwGif trsK;d om;v$waf wmfOuUÏ

onf 'kw, d orRwtjzpf wm0ef,&l rnf?
(*) zuf'&,fjynfaxmifpkorRw. ykHrSefoufwrf;umvtwGif; orRw
ae&mvpfvyfr_ xyfrjH zpfymG ;ygu a&G;aumufyt JG opfudk yk'rf (112)
jyXmef;csurf sm;twkid ;f jyKvky&f rnf?
yk'rf (119) uif;vGwcf iG hf
orRwESihf 'kw, d orRw wm0efxrf;aqmifaepOf umvtwGi;f zuf'&,f
jynfaxmifpo k rRwESihf 'kw, _ ckck (ok@d r[kw)f
d orRw. wm0eft& jyKvkyrf w
ysuu
f uG rf _ wckct k ay: &mZ0wfa=umif;t&jzpfap/ w&m;ra=umif;t& jzpfap
rnfowl OD;wa,mufur# zuf'&,fjynfaxmifpo k rRwESihf 'kw, d orRw
tay: w&m;pGq J jdk cif; rjyK&?
yk'rf (120) wm;jrpfjcif;
zuf'&,fjynfaxmifpkorRwESifh 'kwd,orRwwkd@onf vpmay;aom
tjcm;vkyfief; wckckwGifaomfvnf;aumif; tjrwftpGef;ukd tajconfh
vkyif ef;wckc.
k pDrcH ef@caJG &; tzG@J wiG af omfvnf;aumif; yg0ifvyk u
f idk jf cif; rjyK&?
46
tcef; (7)
zuf'&,fjynfaxmifpktpkd;&
Federal Government
yk'rf (121) zGJ@pnf;jcif;

(u) zuf'&,fjynfaxmifpk 0ef}u;D csKyfO;D aqmifaom 0ef}u;D tzG@J jzifh zuf'&,f
jynfaxmifpt k pk;d &ukd zG@J pnf;&rnf?
(c) zuf'&,fjynfaxmifpt $ af wmfu,
k pd;k & 0ef}uD;tzG@J ukd jynfo@l vw dk pf m;
vS,rf sm;jzifh zGpJ nf;&rnf?
(*) zuf'&,fjynfaxmifpktpkd;&onf jynfol@v$wfawmftm; tzGJ@vkduf
pkaygi;f wm0efc&H rnf?
(C) zuf'&,fjynfaxmifp0k ef}uD;csKyfonf zuf'&,fjynfaxmifpt k pk;d &ukd
wm0efc&H rnf?
yk'rf (122) oufwrf;
zuf'&,fjynfaxmifpt
k pk;d & oufwrf;onf jynfo@l vw
$ af wmf. oufwrf;ESihf
tnDjzpfonf?
yk'rf (123) 0ef}uD;csKyf
(u) jynfol@v$wfawmfrS a&G;aumufwifajrmufI trnfpm&if;wifoGif;
aomyk*K~ vd tf m; zuf'&,fjynfaxmifpo k rRwu 0ef}u;D csKyt f jzpf cef@tyf
&rnf?
(c) jynfo@l vw $ af wmf uk,
d pf m;vS,t f m;vH;k . xuf0ufausmf axmufcrH &J &Sd
ol jzpf&rnf?
(*) (14) &uftwGif; rnfolrSxuf0ufausmfrJjzifh a&G;cs,fjcif;rcH&v#if
omrefrt J a&twGuf trsm;qk;H &&So d l jzpf&rnf?
(C) 0ef}uD;csKyfu tqkjd yKwifjyaom 'kw, d 0ef}uD;csKyfEiS hf 0ef}uD;rsm;udk jynf
axmifpo k rRwu cef@tyf&rnf? (ok@d r[kw)f &mxl;rS z,f&mS ;&rnf?
(i) 0ef}uD;csKyfonf zuf'&,fjynfaxmifpo k rRwu awmif;qkv d #if if;wk@d
tm; qufcrH nfo h l a&G;cs,+f yD;onftxd qufvufwm0efxrf;aqmif
&rnf?
47
k ajccHOya' ('kw,
d rl-urf;)
yk'rf (124) 'kw,

d 0ef}u;D csKyf
jynfaxmifp0k ef}uD;csKyfu if;.wm0efrsm;ukd xrf;aqmif&ef rpGr;f aqmifEidk f
v#ijf zpfap/ zuf'&,fjynfaxmifp0k ef}uD;csKyf. cGijhf yKcsujf zifjh zpfap/ zuf'&,f
jynfaxmifp0k ef}uD;csKyfu,
dk pf m; 'kw,
d 0ef}uD;csKyfonf wm0ef,al qmif&u G f
cGi&hf o
dS nf?
yk'rf (125) tpm;xk;d a&G;cs,cf ef@tyfjcif;
zuf'&,fjynfaxmifp0k ef}u;D csKy&f mxl; vpfvyfcv hJ #if Tzuf'&,fjynfaxmif
k ajccHOya' yk'rf (123) ESit
pkz@JG pnf;yHt hf nD jyefvnftpm;xk;d a&G;cs,cf ef@
tyfjcif; jyK&rnf?
yk'k rf (126) t,kt
H =unfr&St
d qdk
(u) zuf'&,fjynfaxmifpt k pk;d & zG@J pnf;wm0ef,+l yD;aemuf (18) vtwGi;f
tpkd;&wzGJ@vHk; (odk@wnf;r[kwf) tpdk;&tzGJ@0ifwOD;csif;tay: t,kH
t=unfr&Sd tqkw d ifoiG ;f ykid cf iG hf r&Sad p&/
(c) t,Hkr=unfr&Sdtqdkudk jynfol@v$wfawmfukd,fpm;vS,ftm;vkH;.
xuf0ufausmf qENrjJ zifh twnfjyKv#if tpd;k &wzG@J v;kH (od@k wnf;r[kw)f
tqdw k ifoiG ;f jcif;cH&ol tpd;k &tzG@J 0ifonf wm0efrS Ekwx f uG af y;&rnf?
(*) tpd;k &wzG@J v;kH Ekwx f u
G &f ygu TzG@J pnf;yHt k ajccHOya' yk'rf (91) t&
a&G;cs,cf &H oltm; zuf'&,fjynfaxmifpo k rRwu zuf'&,fjynfaxmifpk
0ef}uD;csKyftjzpf cef@tyf&rnf?
yk'rf (127) E_wx
f u
G jf cif;
(u) zuf'&,fjynfaxmifp0k ef}u;D csKyo
f nf rnfonft h cgYrqdk rdr.
d E_wx f u G f
v$mudk zuf'&,fjynfaxmifpo k rRwxHo@kd ay;tyfjcif;jzifh &mxl;rSEw _ f
xGuEf ikd of nf?
(c) zuf'&,fjynfaxmifp0k ef}uD;csKyfonf rnfonft h cgYrqdk &mxl;rSEw _ f
xGuv f #if 0ef;}uD;rsm;onfvnf; rdrwd @kd &mxl;rsm;rS E_wx
f u
G +f yD;jzpfonf
[k rSw, f &l rnf?
48
(*) zuf'&,fjynfaxmifpo k rRwxHo@kd wifoiG ;f ap&ef rdr.

d E_wx f u
G vf m$ udk
0ef}uD;csKyfvufo@dk ay;tyfjcif;jzifh rnfonft h pd;k &tzG@J 0if 0ef}uD;rqdk
&mxl;rS E_wx f u
G Ef ikd o
f nf?
yk'rf (128) tpk;d &tzG@J . wm0ef
(u) zuf'&,fjynfaxmifpt k pd;k &onf zuf'&,fjynfaxmifp. k ESppf Of&oH;k
cef@reS ;f ajc aiGpm&if;udjk yKpkI jynfo@l vw $ af wmfo@kd wifjy&rnf?
(c) zuf'&,fjynfaxmifpt k m; jynfyEdik if w H ckcrk S xdyg;wdu k cf u kd vf mv#if
(od@k wnf;r[kw)f xdyg;wdu k cf u kd cf &H &ef tajctae&Sv d #if zuf'&,fjynf
axmifpt k pd;k &onf zuf'&,fjynfaxmifpu k kd umuG,af pmifah &Smuf&ef
orRw. cGijhf yKcsujf zifh ta&;,laqmif&u G Ef ikd o
f nf? xdu k ohJ @kd aqmif&u G f
csuu f kd zuf'&,fjynfaxmifpv k w $ af wmf usi;f yaeqJumv r[kwv f #i/f
teD;uyfq;kH zuf'&,fjynfaxmifpv k w $ af wmfo@kd wifjy&rnf?
(*) Edik if w
H um +ird ;f csr;f r_ xdr;f odr;f a&;vkyif ef;pOfwiG f zuf'&,fjynfaxmifpk
wyfrawmfrS yg0ifwm0ef,lrnfh udpP&yfrsm;/ zuf'&,fjynfaxmifpk
wyfrawmf. ppfa&;pGr;f &nfrsm; jrirhf m;vmapa&;twGuf Edik if w H um
wyfz@JG rsm;ESihf yl;wGpJ pfa&;avhusirhf _ jyKvyk af &;udp&P yfrsm;twGuf zuf'&,f
jynfaxmifpt k pd;k &onf orRwESin hf Ed id_ ;f +y;D tjynfjynfqikd &f m oabmwl
nDcsurf sm; (od@k r[kw)f ESpEf ikd if t H =um; csKyfqx kd m;onfh pmcsKyfrsm;t&
aqmif&u G yf ikd cf iG &hf o
dS nf?
(C) zuf'&,fjynfaxmifpt k pd;k &u oabmwlvufrw S af &;xd;k aom Edik if H
wumqdik &f m oabmwlncD suw f ikd ;f ukd zuf'&,fjynfaxmifpv k w$ af wmf
Y wifjy&rnf?
yk'rf (129) 0ef}u;D Xmersm;
zuf'&,fjynfaxmifpt k pd;k &onf atmufyg 0ef}uD;Xmersm;tygt0if (30)
xufrydak om 0ef}uD;Xmersm;udk vdt k yfovdk zG@J pnf;Edik o
f nf?
(1) Edik if jH cm;a&;0ef}uD;Xme
(2) umuG,af &;0ef}u;D Xme
(3) b¾ma&;ESihf pDru H ed ;f 0ef}uD;Xme
(4) jynfxaJ &;0ef}u;D Xme
49
k ajccHOya' ('kw,
d rl-urf;)
(5) use;f rma&;0ef}uD;Xme

(6) ynma&;0ef}uD;Xme
(7) qufo, G af &;0ef}u;D Xme
(8) jyef=um;a&; 0ef}uD;Xme
(9) v,f,mESihf opfawm0ef}uD;Xme
(10) pGr;f tif0ef}uD;Xme
(11) tvkyo f rm;0ef}u;D Xme
(12) o,f,yl @kd aqmifa&;0ef}uD;Xme
(13) pD;yGm;a&;ESihf ukeo f ,
G af &;0ef}uD;Xme
(14) vlr0_ efxrf;0ef}u;D Xme
(15) w&m;a&;0ef}uD;Xme
(16) obm0ywf0ef;usix f rd ;f odr;f a&; 0ef}uD;Xme
(17) usm;-r wef;wlnrD #a&; 0ef}uD;Xme
(18) odyEH` iS ehf nf;ynm 0ef}uD;Xme
(19) owWKwGi;f 0ef}u;D Xme
yk'rf (130) zuf'&,fjynfaxmifpak &S@aecsKyf
(u) zuf'&,fjynfaxmifpk tpd;k &tzG@J ukd Oya't}uaH y;&efEiS hf zuf'&,fjynf
axmifpt k pd;k &udk ud,
k pf m;jyKI Oya'udprP sm;udak qmif&u G &f eftwGuf
zuf'&,fjynfaxmifpk a&SaecsKyw f OD;udk 0ef}u;D csKyu
f trnfwifoiG ;f +y;D /
zuf'&,fjynfaxmifpv k w$ af wmf. oabmwlncD sujf zifh zuf'&,fjynf
axmifpo k rRwu cef@tyf&rnf?
(c) zuf'&,fjynfaxmifpak &SaecsKyfonf v$waf wmfw&yf&yf. ud, k pf m;
vS,f aomfvnf;aumif;/ (od@k r[kw)f jynfe,ftpd;k &tzG@J w&yf&yf.
tzG@J 0ifaomfvnf;aumif; rjzpfap&?
(*) zuf'&,fjynfaxmifpk a&SaecsKyfonf zuf'&,fjynfaxmifpv k w$ af wmf
tpnf;ta0;rsm;wGif wufa&mufydkifcGifh&Sd+yD; ar;jref;r_rsm;udk tpdk;&
ud,
k pf m; &Si;f vif;ajz&Si;f cGihf &So
d nf?
50
yk'rf (131) tjcm;wm0efxrf;aqmifciG rhf &Sjd cif;

zuf'&,fjynfaxmifpt k pd;k &tzG@J 0ifrsm;ESihf zuf'&,fjynfaxmifpak &SaecsKyf
wd@k onf if;wd@k wm0ef,al qmif&u G of nfh wm0efrsm;rSwyg;
(u) vpmay;aom tjcm;vkyif ef;Xmersm;Y wm0ef,jl cif;aomfvnf;aumif;/
(c) tjrwftpGe;f udk tajccHonfh vkyif ef;wckc. k pDrcH ef@caJG &;tzG@J 0iftjzpf
aomfvnf;aumif; yg0ifvyk u f ikd jf cif; rjyK&?
51
k ajccHOya' ('kw,
d rl-urf;)
tcef; (8)
zuf'&,fjynfaxmifpkw&m;pD&ifa&;
Federal Judiciary
yk'rf (132) w&m;pD&ifyikd cf iG t

hf m%m
w&m;pD&ifrt
_ m%monf w&m;&H;k rsm;wGiw f nf&&dS rnf? w&m;pD&ifa&;tm%m
udk zuf'&,fjynfaxmifpv k w
$ af wmf.Oya'ESit hf nD tqifq
h ifw
h nfaxmif
xm;aom w&m;&H;k rsm;wGif usio hf ;kH ydik cf iG &hf +dS yD; vGwvf yfI w&m;r#waom
w&m;pD&ifa&;pepf jzpf&rnf?
yk'rf (133) vGwv
f yfpmG w&m;pD&ifyikd cf iG hf
w&m;ol}uD;rsm;onf vGwv
f yfpmG w&m;pD&ifyikd cf iG &hf +dS yD; w&m;Oya'udo
k m
wm0efc&H rnf?
k ajccHOya'qdik &f mw&m;&H;k
(u) zG@J pnf;yHtk ajccHOya'ESiyhf wfoufaom tjiif;yGm;r_rsm;udk ajz&Si;f aqmif
&Gu&f eftwGuf zG@J pnf;yHt k ajccHOya'qdik &f m w&m;&m;&H;k udk zG@J pnf;xl
axmif&rnf?
(c) zG@J pnf;yHt k ajccHOya'qdik &f mw&m;&H;k udk zuf'&,fjynfaxmifpk w&m;
v$waf wmfcsKyf w&m;ol}uD; (9) OD;tygt0if trsK;d om;v$waf wmfrS
a&G;cs,cf ef@tyfaom yk*Kd~ vfEpS Of ;D ESihf jynfo@l vw $ af wmfrS a&G;cs,cf ef@
tyfaom yk*Kd~ vfEpS Of ;D wd@k jzifh zG@J pnf;&rnf?
(*) zG@J pnf;yHt
k ajccHOya'qdik &f m w&m;&H;k wGif yg0ifrnfh trsK;d om;v$waf wmf
. ud, k pf m;vS,Ef iS hf jynfo@l vw $ af wmf. ud,
k pf m;vS,rf sm;a&G;cs,jf cif;
qdik &f mOya'udk jynfaxmifpv k w $ af wmfu Oya'jyXmef;&rnf?
yk'rf (135) zuf'&,fjynfaxmifpw
k &m;&H;k rsm;zG@J pnf;jcif;
(u) zuf'&,fjynfaxmifpkw&m;pD&ifa&;tm%mudk usifhoHk;&eftwGuf
zuf'&,fjynfaxmifpkw&m;v$wfawmfcsKyfESifh if;.vufatmufcH
zuf'&,fjynfaxmifpw
k &m;&H;k rsm;udk zG@J pnf;xm;&S&d rnf?
52
(c) zuf'&,fjynfaxmifpw k &m;&H;k rsm;zG@J pnf;jcif;ESihf zuf'&,fw&m;ol}uD;

rsm;cef@tyfjcif;qdkif&mOya'udk zuf'&,fjynfaxmifpkv$wfawmfu
jyXmef;&rnf?
yk'rf (136) zuf'&,fjynfaxmifpk w&m;v$waf wmfcsKyf zG@J pnf;jcif;
(u) zuf'&,fjynfaxmifpw k &m;v$waf wmfcsKyfukd w&m;ol}uD; (9) OD;jzifh
zG@J pnf;&rnf?
(c) zuf'&,fjynfaxmifp0k ef}u;D csKyu f trnfpm&if;wifoiG ;f olrsm;udk zuf'
&,fjynfaxmifpv k w$ af wmf. twnfjyKcsujf zifh orRwu zuf'&,fjynf
axmifpw k &m;v$waf wmfcsKyf w&m;ol}uD;rsm;tjzpf cef@tyf&rnf?
(*) zuf'&,fjynfaxmifpw k &m;v$waf wmfcsKyf w&m;ol}u;D tjzpf rnfonhf
v$waf wmf. ud, k pf m;vS,u f rkd # trnfpm&if;wifoiG ;f jcif; rjyK&?
(C) zuf'&,fjynfaxmifpk w&m;v$waf wmfcsKyf w&m;ol}uD;rsm;teufrS
wOD;udk w&m;ol}u;D csKyft jzpf rdrw d @kd tcsi;f csi;f xJraS &G;cs,+f y;D / orRwu
cef@tyf&rnf?
yk'rf (137) w&m;v$waf wmfcsKyf w&m;ol}u;D rsm;.t&nftcsi;f
zuf'&,fjynfaxmifpwk &m;v$waf wmfcsKyf w&m;ol}uD;rsm;onf
(u) zuf'&,fjynfaxmifpk Edik if o
H m;jzpf&rnf?
(c) tenf;qH;k touf (45) ESpf jynf+h yD;oljzpf&rnf?
(*) Oya'a&;&mvkyif ef;rsm;wGif tenf;qH;k (10) ESpf tawG@t}uHK&S+d yD;ol
jzpf&rnf?
yk'rf (138) zuf'&,fw&m;v$waf wmfcsKyf w&m;ol}u;D rsm;.oufwrf;umv
zuf'&,fw&m;v$waf wmfcsKyf w&m;ol}uD;rsm;onf
(u) w&m;ol}u;D ud, k w
f ikd u
f zuf&,fjynfaxmifpk orRwxHo@dk E_wx f u
G v
f m$
udk wifoiG ;f v#ijf zpfap/
(c) rdr.d wm0efux kd rf;aqmif&ef rpGr;f aqmifEikd o
f nfh tajctaeod@k a&muf
&Sv
d #ijf zpfap/
(*) tusio hf u
d mQ vGepf mG ysujf ym;v#ijf zpfap/
(C) touf (75) ESpjf ynfah jrmufv#ijf zpfap oufwrf;umv ukeq f ;kH ap&rnf?
53
k ajccHOya' ('kw,
d rl-urf;)
yk'rf (139) &H;k xdik &f mae&m

zuf'&,fjynfaxmifpk w&m;v$waf wmfcsKyfonf zuf'&,fjynfaxmifp. k
jrdK@awmfwGif &Hk;xdkif&rnf? w&m;v$wfawmfcsKyfonf jynfe,frsm;&Sd
zuf'&,fjynfaxmifpw k &m;&H;k rsm;wGif &H;k xdik f cGi&hf adS p&rnft
h jyif vdt
k yfygu
tjcm;ae&mrsm;wGiv f nf; &H;k xdik cf iG hf &Sad p&rnf?
k &m;v$waf wmfcsKy.
f pD&ifyikd cf iG t
hf m%m
(u) zuf'&,fjynfaxmifpw k &m;&H;k rsm;onf yk'rf (134) yg jyXmef;csurf sm;udk
rxdcu kd af pbJ atmufygupd &P yfrsm;wGif pD&ifyikd cf iG t hf m%m &Sad p&rnf?
(1) jynfe,ftcsi;f csi;f =um;wGif jzpfymG ;aom tjiif;yGm;r_rsm;
(2) jynfe,fwck. jynfe,fom;rsm;ESihf tjcm;jynfe,fwck. jynfe,f
om;rsm;t=um;wGif jzpfymG ;aom tjiif;yGm;r_rsm;ESihf r_cif;rsm;
(3) jynfe,fw&m;&Hk;csKyfwckrS tjcm;jynfe,f w&m;&Hk;csKyfwckodk@
v$aJ jymif;ppfaq;&ef tr_rsm;
(4) jynfe,fw&m;&H;k wckEiS hf tjcm;jynfe,f w&m;&H;k wckt=um; pD&if
ydik cf iG Ehf iS hf ywfoufonfh tjiif;yGm;r_rsm;
(5) Edik if jH cm;ukr% ` rD sm;ESihf jynfwiG ;f ukr%` rD sm; (od@k r[kw)f jynfe,f
tpd;k & (od@k r[kw)f zuf'&,f jynfaxmifpw k @kd t=um; csKyfqakd om
pmcsKypf mwrf;rsm;udk ta=umif;jyKI ay:ayguaf om tjiif;yGm;r_rsm;
(6) vlrjJG zpfjcif;ESihf a'0gvcD jH cif;qdik &f m r_cif;rsm;
(c) zuf'&,fjynfaxmifpw k &m;v$waf wmfcsKyfonf atmufygpmc|eaf wmf
trde@f rsm;udk xkwyf ikd cf iG hf &So d nf?
(1) a&SawmfoiG ;f pmc|eaf wmftrde@f
(2) tm%may; pmc|eaf wmftrde@f
(3) wm;jrpfap pmc|eaf wmftrde@f
(4) tm%mydik af r; pmc|eaf wmftrde@f
(5) tr_ac: pmc|eaf wmftrde@f
(*) zuf'&,fjynfaxmifpw k &m;v$waf wmfcsKyf. oD;oef@p&D ifyikd cf iG hf tm%m
ESiyhf wfoufI zuf'&,fjynfaxmifpv k w
$ af wmfrS Oya'jzifh jyXmef;ay;
&rnf?
54
yk'rf (141) pHkprf;ppfaq;jcif;

zuf'&,fjynfaxmifpk w&m;v$waf wmfcsKyf w&m;ol}u;D rsm;onf yk'rf (138)
(c) ESihf (*) yg jyXmef;csurf sm;tay:tajccHI zuf'&,fjynfaxmifpak &Sae
csKyfu jynfo@l vw $ af wmfo@kd wifjyvmaomtcg trsKd ;om;v$waf wmfEiS hf
jynfo@l vw $ af wmfrS wlnaD om ud, k pf m;vS,t f a&twGuyf g0ifonfh pHpk rf;
ppfaq;a&;aumfr&Siu f kd v$waf wmfEpS &f yfnEd i_d ;f I zG@J pnf;&rnf? ,if;aumfr&Sif
. pHpk rf;ppfaq;awG@&cdS suu f kd zuf'&,fjynfaxmifpk v$waf wmfo@kd wifjy&rnf?
zuf'&,fjynfaxmifpv k w $ af wmfonf pHpk rf;ppfaq;a&;aumfr&Si. f wifjy
csut f ay:wGif rJay;I qH;k jzwfjcif;jyK&rnf?
yk'rf (142) zuf'&,fjynfaxmifpk w&m;ol}uD;rsm;cef@tyfjcif;
(u) zuf'&,fw&m;ol}u;D rsm;udk cef@tyf&mwGif zuf'&,fjynfaxmifpt k pd;k &
0ef}u;D csKyo f nf zuf'&,fjynfaxmifpk w&m;v$waf wmfcsKyf w&m;ol}u;D
csKyfEiS hf nEd id_ ;f I zuf'&,fjynfaxmifpv
k w
$ af wmfo@kd twnfjyKcsuf
&,l&ef wifjy&rnf? zuf'&,fjynfaxmifpk v$waf wmf.twnfjyKcsuf
jzifh zuf'&,fjynfaxmifpkorRwu zuf'&,fw&m;ol}uD;rsm;udk
vufrw S af &;xd;k cef@tyf&rnf?
(c) zuf'&,fw&m;ol}uD;rsm; cef@tyf&mwGif vlrsdK;/ bmom/ tom;
ta&mif/ vdicf jJG cm;jcif; r&Sad p&?
yk'rf (143) cHpm;cGifhvpm
zuf'&,fw&m;ol}uD;rsm;onf zuf'&,fjynfaxmifpv k w$ af wmfu owf
rSwjf yXmef;ay;aom vpmukd &,lcpH m; ydik cf iG hf &Sad p&rnf?
yk'rf (144) tjcm;wm0efxrf;aqmifciG rhf &Sjd cif;
zuf'&,fw&m;ol}u;D rsm;onf if;wd@k wm0ef,al qmif&u G of nfh w&m;pD&ifa&;
wm0efrw
S yg;
(u) vpmay;aom tjcm;vkyif ef;Xmersm;Y wm0ef,jl cif;aomfvnf;aumif;/
(c) tjrwftpGe;f udk tajccHonfh vkyif ef;wckc.
k pDrcH ef@caJG &; tzG@J 0iftjzpf
aomfvnf;aumif;/
55
k ajccHOya' ('kw,
d rl-urf;)
(*) v$waf wmfw&yf&yf. ud,k pf m;vS,f (od@k r[kw)f tpd;k &tzG@J wckc.
k
tzG@J 0ifaomfvnf;aumif; rjzpfap&?
yk'rf (145) uif;vGwcf iG hf
zuf'&,fw&m;ol}uD;rsm;onf wifu;l }uH&, G cf sujf zifh Oya'csKd ;azmufjcif;rS
vGI
J if;wd@k . w&m;pD&ifa&;qdik &f m vkyaf qmifcsurf sm;ESiyhf wfouf+yD; ta&;
,lw&m;pGq
J jkd cif; rcHxu
kd af p&?
56
tcef; (9)
EdkifiHom;jzpfjcif;
Citizenship

H m;tcGit
hf a&;
zuf'&,fjynfaxmifpk EdkifiHom;wOD;onf zuf'&,fjynfaxmifpktzGJ@0if
jynfe,frsm;tm;vH;k Y Edik if o H m;wOD; &oif&h xdu
k af om tcGit
hf a&;ESihf uif;
vGwcf iG rhf sm;udk wlnpD mG cHpm;&&Sad p&rnf?
yk'rf (147) jynfe,fom;tcGit
hf a&;
Edik if oH m;wOD;onf rdrad e&if;a'ojynfe,frS tjcm;jynfe,fwcktwGi;f od@k
ajymif;a&Gaexdik af omudpw P iG f ajymif;a&Gaexdik &f m jynfe,f.Oya'ESihf tnD
omv#if tqdyk g jynfe,f.jynfe,fom;jzpfciG Ehf iS hf rJay;ydik cf iG /hf ta&G;cs,f
cHyikd cf iG u
hf kd &&Sad p&rnf?
H m;tvdt
k avsmufjzpfjcif;
(u) zuf'&,fjynfaxmifpt k zG@J 0if jynfe,fwckc. k jynfe,fom;wOD;onf
zuf'&,fjynfaxmifpk Edik if o H m;jzpfonf?
(c) Edik if oH m;rdbESpOf ;D rS arG;zGm;vmolwikd ;f onf tvdt k avsmuf Edik if o H m;
jzpfonf?
H m;rdbwOD;OD;rS zuf'&,fjynfaxmifpek ,ferd w
(*) Edik if o d t f wGi;f Y arG;zGm;
vmolwikd ;f onf tvdt k avsmuf Edik if oH m;jzpfonf?
(C) TzG@J pnf;yHt k ajccHOya' twnfjyKonft h csed wf iG f Edik if o
H m;jzpf+y;D olrsm;
onf tvdt k avsmufEidk if o H m; jzpfonf?
¹cGi;f csuf ? ? T yk'rf (148) yk'rf cGJ (C) t& Ekid if oH m;jzpf+yD;olrsm;[kq&kd mwGif
w&m;r0ifaom enf;vrf;wckcu k kd toH;k jyKI Ekid if o
H m;jzpfxm;olrsm; t}uHK;r0if
ap&?
57
k ajccHOya' ('kw,
d rl-urf;)
yk'rf (149) Oya't&Edik if o

H m;jzpfciG hf
(u) TzG@J pnf;yHtk ajccHOya' twnfrjyKrDtcsed w f iG f jrefrmEdik if o
H m;tjzpfrS
&yfpcJ &H olrsm;onf Oya'ESit hf nD Edik if o
H m;jzpfciG hf av#mufxm;vmv#if
H m;tjzpf jyefvnf&&Sad p&rnf?
Edik if o
(c) zuf'&,fjynfaxmifpek ,ferd w d jf yifyY Edik if o
H m;rdbwOD;OD;rS arG;zGm;vm
aomuav;onf Edik if o H m;tjzpf av#mufxm;ydik cf iG hf &Sad p&rnf?
yk'rf (150) EdkifiHjcm;om;rsm;EdkifiHom;jzpfcGifh
(u) 1948 ckEpS f Zefe0g&v D (4) &ufae@rwdik rf u D yif jrefrmEdik if t
H wGi;f Y
arG;zGm;I tpOfwpdu k af exdik v f mcJah om Edik if jH cm;om;rsm;onf zuf'&,f
jynfaxmifpv k w$ af wmfu jyXmef;xm;aom Oya'/ vkyx f ;kH vkyef nf;rsm;
ESit hf nD Edik if oH m;jzpfciG hf &Sad p&rnf?
(c) Edik if jH cm;om;rsm; Edik if o H m;jzpfjcif;ESiyhf wfoufI zuf'&,fjynfaxmifpk
v$waf wmfrS Oya'jyKjyXmef;ay;&rnf?
yk'rf (151) w+ydKifeufEikd if o
H m;jzpfciG hf
zuf'&,fjynfaxmifpk Edik if o H m;wOD;onf tjcm;Edik if w
H ck. Edik if o
H m;tjzpf
cH,cl iG &hf o
dS nf? xdo
k @kd cH,jl cif;a=umifh rlvzuf'&,fjynfaxmifpk Edik if o H m;jzpfr_
tvdt k avsmuf qH;k &_;H jcif; r&Sad p&? w+ydKifeufwnf; Edik if o
H m; jzpfciG &hf o
dS nf?
H m;tjzpfraJ y;ydik cf iG hf
zuf'&,fjynfaxmifpk Edik if oH m;wOD;onf rdrad e&if;jynfe,frS tjcm;jynfe,f
wcko@kd vnf;aumif;/ tjcm;Edik if w H cko@kd vnf;aumif; ajymif;a&Gaexdik af omf
vnf; zuf'&,fjynfaxmifpw k ckv;kH ESihf oufqikd af omqENc,
H yl /JG a&G;cs,f
wifajrmufyrJG sm;wGif rJay;ydik cf iG hf &Sad p&rnf?
yk'rf (153) jynfe,fom;tjzpfraJ y;cGi/hf ta&G;cs,cf yH ikd cf iG hf
zuf'&,fjynfaxmifpk Edik if o H m;wOD;onf oufqikd &f m jynfe,fwckcw k iG o
f m
rJay;cGi/hf ta&G;cs,cf yH ikd cf iG u
hf kd usio hf ;kH ydik cf iG &hf o
dS nf? ,if;tcGit
hf a&;udk jynfe,f
wckxufyI kd usiohf ;kH ydik cf iG hf r&Sad p&?
58
yk'rf (154) jynfe,fom;jzpfjcif;

zuf'&,fjynfaxmifpt k zG@J 0if jynfe,frsm;. Oya'jyKv$waf wmfrsm;onf
jynfe,fom;jzpfjcif;qdik &f mOya'udk jyXmef;ydik cf iG hf &Sad p&rnf?
yk'rf (155) ta0;a&mufEikd if o
H m;rsm;
zuf'&,fjynfaxmifp. k jyifytjcm;Edik if rH sm;od@k a&muf&adS exdik v
f #u&f adS om
EdkifiHom;rsm;. tcGifhta&;ESifh wm0ef0wW&m;qdkif&mudpP&yfrsm;twGuf
$ af wmfrS Oya'jyXmef;&rnf?
59
k ajccHOya' ('kw,
d rl-urf;)
tcef; (10)
zuf'&,fjynfaxmifpkumuG,fa&;ESifhvHkjcHKa&;wyfzGJ@rsm;
Federal Defense and Security Services
yk'rf (156) zuf'&,fjynfaxmifpk umuG,af &;ESihf vH+k cKH a&;wyfz@JG rsm;qdik &f m
tajccHrlrsm;
(u) zuf'&,fjynfaxmifpk vufeufuikd w f yfz@JG rsm;onf zuf'&,fjynfaxmif
pk.vH+k cHKa&;ESihf jynfov l xl uk kd umuG,af pmifah &Smuf&rnf?
(c) zuf'&,fjynfaxmifpk vufeufuikd w f yfz@JG rsm;onf +idr;f csr;f a&;udk xde;f
odr;f &rnf?
(*) zuf'&,fjynfaxmifpk vufeufuikd w f yfz@JG rsm;onf TzG@J pnf;yHt k ajccH
Oya'ukd av;pm;vdu k ef m&rnf?
(C) zuf'&,fjynfaxmifpk vufeufuikd w f yfz@JG 0ifrsm;onf rnfonfEh ikd if aH &;
ygw. D ygw0D ifr# rjzpfap&? rnfonfh Edik if aH &;ygwD (od@k wnf;r[kw)f
vly*k Kd~ vfw@kd . =oZmcH rjzpfap&?
(i) zuf'&,fjynfaxmifpu k muG,af &;ESihf vH+k cHKa&;qkid &f mwyfz@JG rsm; zG@J pnf;
wm0efay;tyfrw _ iG f zuf'&,fjynfaxmifpk tzG@J 0if jynfe,frsm;tm;vH;k
. tcsKd ;usu, kd pf m;jyKr_ &S&d rnf?
(p) zuf'&,fjynfaxmifpk vufeufuikd w f yfz@JG rsm;twGi;f vlrsK;d / bmom/
tom;ta&mif/ vdifESifh vdifpdwfuGJjym;r_wdk@tay: tajccHIcGJjcm;
qufqjH cif; r&Sad p&?
yk'rf (157) zuf'&,fjynfaxmifpu
k muG,af &;ESihf vHjk cKH a&;wyfz@JG rsm;
$ af wmfonf jynfaxmifp. k umuG,af &;ESihf vH+k cHK
a&;qdik &f m udp&P yfrsm;twGuf vdt k yfaom zuf'&,fjynfaxmifpk vufeuf
udik w
f yfz@JG rsm;ESihf trsKd ;om;vH+k cHKa&;qdik &f mtzG@J rsm;udk (T zG@J pnf;yHt
k ajccH
Oya'ESit hf nD) Oya'jyXmef;I zG@J pnf;wm0efay;tyfEikd o f nf?
yk'rf (158) zuf'&,fjynfaxmifp.
k umuG,af &;qdik &f mtajccHr0l g'rsm;
zuf'&,fjynfaxmifp. k umuG,af &;qdik &f mtajccHr0l g'rsm;udk zuf'&,f
jynfaxmifpv $ af wmfu csrw
k w S af y;&rnf?
60

k yfrawmf
(u) zuf'&,fjynfaxmifpt k m; jynfy&efrS umuG,af &;twGuf zuf'&,f
jynfaxmifpw k yfrawmfw&yfukd zG@J pnf;xlaxmif&rnf?
(c) zuf'&,fjynfaxmifpo k rRwonf zuf'&,fjynfaxmifpw k yfrawmf.
ppfaoemywdcsKyf jzpfap&rnf?
(*) zuf'&,fjynfaxmifp0k ef}u;D csKyo f nf zuf'&,fjynfaxmifpv k w
$ af wmfrS
csrw S xf m;aom jynfaxmifpw k yfrawmf. umuG,af &;qdik &f m tajccH
rl0g'rsm;udk wm0efcaH qmif&u G &f rnf?
(C) zuf'&,fjynfaxmifpw k yfrawmf. ae@pOfvyk if ef;qdik &f mudprP sm;onf
umuG,af &;0ef}uD;Xme. uGyu f rJ a_ tmufwiG f &Sad p&rnf?
(i) zuf'&,fjynfaxmifpu k muG,af &;0ef}uD;tjzpf zuf'&,fjynfaxmifpk
wyfrawmfwiG f vuf&dS wm0efxrf;aqmifaeol rnfo@l urkd # cef@tyfjcif;
r&Sad p&? zuf'&,fjynfaxmifpk umuG,af &;0ef}uD;onf t&yfbuf
qdik &f myk*Kd~ vf jzpfap&rnf?
k yfrawmfz@JG pnf;jcif;
(u) zuf'&,fjynfaxmifpk wyfrawmfukd =unf;wyf/ a&wyf/ avwyfw@kd jzifh
vdt
k yfcsuEf iS t
hf nD zG@J pnf;xm;&S&d rnf?
(c) zuf'&,fjynfaxmifpw k yfrawmf. zG@J pnf;r_qikd &f mOy'udk zuf'&,fjynf
axmifpvk w
$ af wmfu jyXmef;owfrw S &f rnf?
yk'rf (161) t&yfbuftyk cf sKyaf &;
zuf'&,fjynfaxmifpw k yfrawmfonf rnfonfth csed t
f cgrqdk t&yfbuf
tpd;k &tkycf sKyfa&;atmufwiG f &Sad p&rnf?
yk'rf (162) ta&;ay:tajctaewGif }u;D =uyfuyG u
f jJ cif;
zuf'&,fjynfaxmifp. k ta&;ay:tajctaeatmufwiG f zuf'&,fjynf
axmifpok rRwonf
(u) ppfaoemywdcsKyf. tcGit
hf m%mudt
k oH;k jyKjyD; zuf'&,fjynfaxmifpk
wyfrawmftygt0if umuG,af &;ESihf vH+k cHKa&;wyfzrJG sm;udk }uD;=uyf
uGyuf &J rnf?
61
k ajccHOya' ('kw,
d rl-urf;)
(c) zuf'&,fjynfaxmifpt k wGi;f &Sd rnfonfh umuG,af &;ESihf vH+k cKH a&;qdik &f m
wyfzGJ@udkrqdk zuf'&,fjynfaxmifpkvHk+cHKa&;twGuf zuf'&,fjynf
axmifpt k pd;k &/ oufqidk &f mjynfe,ftpd;k &rsm;wd@k EiS hf nEd id_ ;f +y;D qifah c:cGi/hf
pkpnf;cGi/hf wm0efay;tyfciG /hf &kyo
f rd ;f cGihf &Sad p&rnf?
yk'rf (163) ppfwuUov
kd rf sm;
zuf'&,fjynfaxmifpk wyfrawmf. =unf;wyf/ a&wyf/ avwyfw@kd twGuf
oD;jcm;aom ppfwuUov kd rf sm; zG@J pnf;wnfaxmif&rnf? ,if; wuUov
kd rf sm;
wGif zuf'&,fjynfaxmifpk tzGJ@0ifjynfe,frsm;rS tcsdK;uswufa&muf
oif=um;cGihf &Sad p&rnf?
hf pS yf @kd csjcif;
yk'rf (164) ynmay;oifwef;rsm; zGiv
ppfynmoifwef;tqifq h ifw
h iG f ppfbufqikd &f m bmom&yfrsm;tjyif
(u) 'Dru kd a&pDtajccHusiphf OfEiS hf vl@tcGit
hf a&;qdik &f m oabmw&m;rsm;/
(c) zuf'&,fjynfaxmifpk zGJ@pnf;yHktajccHOya'tygt0if t&yfbuf
tkycf sKyfa&;qdik &f m tajccHoabmw&m;rsm;udyk g xnfo h iG ;f oif=um;
yd@k cs&rnf?
yk'rf (165) ppfrx
_ rf;jcif;qdik &f mOya'
zuf'&,fjynfaxmifpk. t&G,fa&muf+yD;aom EdkifiHom;wdkif; Oya't&
ppfrx
_ rf;&rnf? Edik if o _ rf;a&;qdik &f mOya'udk zuf'&,fjynf
H m;rsm; ppfrx
axmifpvk w$ af wmfrS jyXmefay;&rnf?
yk'rf (166) zuf'&,fjynfaxmifpk &Jwyfz@JG
(u) zuf'&,fjynfaxmifpEk iS o hf ufqikd af om trsKd ;om;vH+k cHKa&;ESihf w&m;
Oya'pd;k rd;k a&;twGuf zuf'&,fjynfaxmifp&k w J yfz@JG ukd zG@J pnf;xlaxmif
&rnf?
(c) zuf'&,fjynfaxmifpk&JwyfzGJ@udk t&yfom;tpdk;& tkyfcsKyfa&;vuf
atmufwiG f xm;&S&d rnf?
(*) zuf'&,fjynfaxmifp&k w J yfz@JG ukd zG@J pnf;xlaxmif&eftwGuf zuf'&,f
jynfaxmifpv k w
62
yk'rf (167) zuf'&,fjynfaxmifpak xmufvrS ;f a&;tzG@J

(u) zuf'&,fjynfaxmifpk vH+k cHKa&;twGuf zuf'&,fjynfaxmifpak xmuf
vSr;f a&;tzG@J ukd zG@J pnf;&rnf?
(c) zuf'&,fjynfaxmifpak xmufvrS ;f a&;tzG@J ukd t&yfom; tpd;k &tkycf sKyf
a&;vufatmufwiG f xm;&S&d rnf?
(*) zuf'&,fjynfaxmifpak xmufvrS ;f a&;tzG@J ukd zG@J pnf;xlaxmif&eftwGuf
yk'rf (168) trsK;d om;vH+k cHKa&;aumifpD
trsK;d om;vH+k cKH a&;aumifpu
D kd zG@J pnf;Edik &f ef zuf'&,fjynfaxmifpv
k w
$ af wmfu
Oya'jyXmef;&rnf?
63
k ajccHOya' ('kw,
d rl-urf;)
tcef; (11)
ta&;ay:tajctae
State of Emergency
yk'rf (169) ta&;ay:tajctae

atmufyg tajctaew&yf&yfwiG f zuf'&,fjynfaxmifp. k ta&;ay:tajc
taeudk a=unmydik cf iG hf &Sod nf?
(u) zuf'&,fjynfaxmifpek ,ferd w d u f kd jynfyvufeufuikd w f yfrsm;u wdu k f
k jf cif; (od@k wnf;r[kw)f wdu
cdu k cf u kd rf nf[k ckid v
f akH om ta=umif;&Sjd cif;?
(c) +idr;f csr;f a&;ESihf w&m;Oya'pd;k rd;k r_ysujf ym;+yD; trsm;jynfo. l vH+k cHKr_EiS hf
at;csr;f om,mr_ukd odomxif&mS ;pGm +cdr;f ajcmuf/ xdyg;/ ysujf ym;onfh
tajctaeay:aygufjcif;?
(*) obm0ab;tE &W m,fa=umifh }uD;rm;onfh ysupf ;D qH;k &_;H r_rsm;/ xdcu kd rf _
rsm;/ aoqH;k r_rsm;jzpfay: jcif; (od@k wnf;r[kw)f jzpfay:vm&ef cdik v f akH om
ta=umif;&Sjd cif;?
yk'rf (170) ta&;ay:tajctaea=unmjcif;
(u) zuf'&,fjynfaxmifpt k pd;k &rS txufy'k rf (169) yk'rf cGJ (u) (*) wd@k
twGuf ta&;ay:tajctae a=unmay;&ef awmif;qdkvmv#if
zuf'&,fjynfaxmifpkorRwonf zuf'&,fjynfaxmifpkw0Srf;vHk;
twGujf zpfap/ a'owcktwGujf zpfap/ ta&;ay:tajctae a=unm
ay;&rnf?
(c) zuf'&,fjynfaxmifpktpdk;&rS txufyk'fr (169) yk'frcGJ (c) t&
ta&;ay:tajctaea=unmay;&ef awmif ; qd k v mjcif ; jzpf y gu
zuf'&,fjynfaxmifpkorRwonf zuf'&,fjynfaxmifpkw0Srf;vHk;
twGujf zpfap/ a'owcktwGujf zpfap/ ta&;ay:tajctae a=unm
ay;Ekid o
f nf?
(*) ta&;ay:tajctae a=unmjcif;onf yk'rf (169) yk'rf cGJ (u) ESihf (c)
yg udp&P yfrsm; twGujf zpfygu zuf'&,fjynfaxmifp0k ef}uD;csKyfonf
teD;uyfqHk; jynfol@v$wfawmfyHkrSeftpnf;ta0; (odk@wnf;r[kwf)
jynfo@l vw $ af wmfta&;ay:tpnf;ta0;udk ac:,lI wifjytwnfjyK
64
csu&f ,l&rnf? jynfo@l vw$ af wmfu ta&;ay:tajctae a=unmjcif;

udk twnfrjyKygu ta&;ay:tajctaea=unmjcif;onf ysujf y,f
ap&rnf?
(C) jynfo@l vw
$ af wmf zsuo f rd ;f xm;aomumvtwGi;f ta&;ay:tajc
taea=unmjcif;jzpfygu zuf'&,fjynfaxmifp0k ef}uD;csKyfonf zuf
'&,fjynfaxmifpo k rRwxHo@kd wifjyI teD;uyfq;kH trsK;d om;v$waf wmf
tpnf;ta0; (od@k wnf;r[kw)f trsK;d om;v$waf wmfta&;ay:tpnf;
ta0;udak c:,lI twnfjyKcsuf &,l&rnf? trsK;d om;v$waf wmfu
ta&;ay:tajctaea=unmjcif;udk twnfrjyKygu ta&;ay:tajc
taea=unmjcif;onf ysujf y,fap&rnf?
yk'rf (171) wnf&o
dS nfo
h ufwrf;umv
(u) ta&;ay:tajctaea=ujim+yD;aemuf wnf&&dS rnfh oufwrf;umvudk
ta&;ay: tajctae a=ujim&ef vdt k yfonfh ta=umif;&if;ay:rlwnfI
atmufygtwdik ;f owfrw S Ef ikd o
f nf?
(1) yk'rf (169) yk'rf cGJ (u) yg jyXmef;csut f & ta&;ay:tajctaeudk
a=ujimjcif;jzpfv#if oufwrf;umvudk (3) vtxd owfrw S Ef ikd f
onf?
(2) yk'rf (169) yk'rf cGJ (c) yg jyXmef;csut f & ta&;ay:tajctaeudk
a=ujimjcif;jzpfv#if oufwrf;umvudk (1) vtxd oufrw S Ef ikd f
onf?
(3) yk'rf (169) yk'rf cGJ (*) yg jyXmef;csut f & ta&;ay:tajctaeudk
a=ujimjcif;jzpfv#if oufwrf;umvudk (6) vtxd owfrw S Ef ikd f
onf?
(c) ta&;ay:tajctae oufwrf;umvudk xyfro H ufwrf;wd;k jri&hf ef vdk
tyfygu yk'rf (171) yk'rf cGJ (u) yg owfrw S x
f m;onfh umvxuf
rausmv f eG af om wd;k jri rhf w_ ikd ;f udk jynfo@l vw
$ af wmf. oabmwltwnf
jyKcsujf zifoh m wd;k jriEhf ikd o
f nf? tu,fI jynfo@l vw $ af wmf. xuf0uf
ausmq f ENrjJ zifh twnfjyKcsurf &&Sv d #if rnfonho f ufwrf;wd;k jcif;udrk #
w&m;0if rjzpfap&?
65
k ajccHOya' ('kw,
d rl-urf;)
(*) jynfo@l vw
$ af wmf zsuo f rd ;f xm;aomumvtwGi;f ta&;ay:tajc
tae oufwrf;umvudk xyfrw H rf;wd;k jri &hf efvt
kd yfygu zuf'&,fjynf
axmifpk0ef}uD;csKyfonf zuf'&,fjynfaxmifpkorRwxHodk@wifjyI
teD;uyfq;kH trsK;d om;v$waf wmftpnf;ta0; (od@k wnf;r[kw)f trsK;d
om;v$waf wmf ta&;ay:tpnf;ta0;udak c:,lI trsK;d om;v$waf wmf
. xuf0ufausmq f ENrjJ zifh twnfjyKcsuf &,l&rnf? trsK;d om;v$wf
awmfu ta&;ay:tajctaeoufwrf;umu xyfrHwdk;jrifhjcif;udk
twnfrjyKygu ysujf y,fap&rnf?
yk'rf (172) vkyyf ikd cf iG Ehf iS w
hf m0ef
(u) yk'rf (169) yk'rf cGJ (u) yg zuf'&,fjynfaxmifp. k ta&;ay:tajctae
atmufwiG f zuf'&,fjynfaxmifpo k rRwonf
(1) ppfaoemywdcsKyf. tcGifhtm%mudktoHk;jyK+yD; zuf'&,fjynf
axmifp. k umuG,af &;ESihf vH+k cHKa&;wyfz@JG rsm;udk }uD;=uyfuyG u f J
&rnf?
(2) zuf'&,fjynfaxmifpt k wGi;f &Sd rnfonfu h muG,af &;ESihf vH+k cHKa&;
qdik &f mwyfz@JG urkd qdk zuf'&,fjynfaxmifpv k +kH cHKa&;twGuf zuf
'&,fjynfaxmifpk tpd;k &tzG@J / oufqidk &f m jynfe,ftpd;k &wd@k EiS hf
ndEd_if;+yD; qifhac:cGifh/ pkpnf;cGifh/ wm0efay;tyfcGifh/ &kyfodrf;cGifh
&Sad p&rnf?
(c) yk'rf (169) yk'rf cGJ (c) yg zuf'&,fjynfaxmifp. k ta&;ay:tajctae
atmufwiG f zuf'&,fjynfaxmifpt k pd;k &onf jynfe,fv+kH cHKa&;wyf
rsm;udk pkpnf;toHk;csjcif;/ jynfe,ftpdk;&rsm;odk@ !$ef=um;csufrsm;
xkwjf yefjcif;wd@k ukd jyKydik cf iG hf &Sad p&rnf?
(*) yk'rf (169) yk'rf cGJ (*) yg zuf'&,fjynfaxmifp. k ta&;ay:tajctae
atmufwiG f zuf'&,fjynfaxmifpt k pd;k &onf
(1) jynfe,f vHjk cHKa&;wyfrsm;udk pkpnf;toH;k csjcif;/ jynfe,ftpd;k &rsm;
od@k !$e=f um;csurf sm; xkwjf yefjcif;wd@k ukd jyKydik cf iG hf &Sad p&rnf?
(2) jynfe,fv+kH cHKa&;wyfz@JG rsm;ESihf vHak vmufjcif; r&Srd o S mv#if zuf'
&,fjynfaxmifpk wyfrawmfukd tuef@towfjzifh toH;k jyKap&rnf?
66
(C) ta&;ay:tajctaeumvtwGif; zuf'&,fjynfaxmifpktpdk;&.

aqmif&u
G cf surf eS o
f r#ukd teD;uyfq;kH jynfo@l vw
$ af wmfEiS hf zuf'&,f
jynfaxmifpv k w$ af wmfo@kd wifjytpD&ifc&H rnf?
k ajccHOya't&pDppfjcif;
TzG@J pnf;yHt k ajccHOya't& tm%mtyfEiS ;f xm;aom zG@J pnf;yHt k ajccHOya'
qdik &f mw&m;&H;k onf
(u) ta&;ay:tajctaew&yfa=unmjcif;
(c) ta&;ay:tajctae. oufwrf;umvwd;k jrijhf cif;
(*) ta&;ay:tajctaew&yf a=unmjcif;a=umifh jyXmef;xm;aomOya'
od@k wnf;r[kwf tjcm;vkyaf qmifrw _ &yfonf TzG@J pnf;yHt k ajccHOya'yg
jyXmef;csurf sm;ESihf nD!w
G jf cif;&Srd &Su
d kd pDppfq;kH jzwfEikd o
f nf?
yk'rf (174) ta&;ay:tajctaeumvtwGi;f w&m;pD&ifa&;
rnfo@kd aom ta&;ay: tajctaeatmufwiG rf qdk w&m;pD&ifa&;tm%m
f m wnf&&dS rnf? wnfqOJ ya'ESit
onf w&m;&H;k rsm;wGio hf nD cef@tyfxm;
aom w&m;ol}uD;rsm;uom w&m;pD&if&rnf?
yk'rf (175) &kyo
f rd ;f ydik cf iG rhf &Sad omtajccHtcGit
hf a&;rsm;
zuf'&,fjynfaxmifp. k ta&;ay:tajctaew&yf a=unmjcif;. tusKd ;
qufa=umifh jyXmef;aomOya' (od@k wnf;r[kw)f rnfonfv h yk af qmifru
_ r#
tcef; (2) yk'rf (11) ESihf (12) yg tcGithf a&;rsm;tygt0if Edik if o H m;wOD;.
vl@*%
k o
f ud mQ ESihf touf&iS &f yfwnfyikd cf iG w
hf @kd ukd rxdcu
kd af p&?
yk'rf (176) ta&;ay:umvtwGi;f Oya'jyXmef;csuf
ta&;ay:tajctaea=unmjcif;. aemufqufwaJG =umifh vly*k Kd~ vfEiS hf ywf
oufIjzpfap/ ypPn;f ydik qf ikd rf _ ESiyhf wfoufIjzpfap/ yk'rf (175) yg &kyo f rd ;f ydik f
cGirhf &Sad om tajccHtcGithf a&;rsm;rSvI J$ rnfonft h cGithf a&;ESihf uef@owf
csurf sm;twGurf qdk vdt k yfaomOya'udk zuf'&,fjynfaxmifpv k w $ af wmfrS
Oya'jyKjyXmef;ay;&rnf?
67
k ajccHOya' ('kw,
d rl-urf;)
yk'rf (177) ta&;ay:tajctae+yD;qHk;jcif;

(u) owfrSwfxm;onfh ta&;ay:tajctaeoufwrf;umv tvdk
tavsmufuek q f ;kH v#ijf zpfap/ orRwrS &kyo
f rd ;f v#ijf zpfap/ v$waf wmf
w&yf&yfrS twnfrjyKv#ijf zpfap ta&;ay:tajctae oufwrf;umv
+yD;qH;k ap&rnf?
(c) ta&;ay: oufwrf;umv +yD;qH;k a=umif;udk w&m;0ifEikd if aH wmfjyefwrf;
jzifh xkwjf yefa=ujim&rnf?
68
tcef; (12)
taxGaxGjyXmef;csufrsm;
General Provision

k vHawmf
zuf'&,fjynfaxmifp.
k tvHawmfrmS
k q
H yd f
zuf'&,fjynfaxmifp.
k jynfaxmifpw
k q
H yd rf mS
yk'rf (180) zuf'&,fjynfaxmifp&k ;kH wqdyf
zuf'&,fjynfaxmifp.
k &H;k wHqyd rf mS
k cD si;f
zuf'&,fjynfaxmifp.
k jynfaxmifpo
k cD si;f rSm
yk'rf (182) zuf'&,fjynfaxmifp+k rdKawmf
zuf'&,fjynfaxmifp. k +rdKawmfrmS r[m&efuek jf zpfonf? zuf'&,fjynf
axmifpt
k pd;k &tzG@J &H;k pdu
k &f me,fajrudk zuf'&,fjynfaxmifpek ,fajr tjzpf
owfrSwfonf? zuf'&,fjynfaxmifpk+rdKawmfe,fajrtwGuf zuf'&,f
jynfaxmifpv k w
$ af wmfu Oya'jyXmef;ay;&rnf?
yk'rf (183) &H;k oH;k bmom
(u) zuf'&,fjynfaxmifp. k &H;k oH;k bmomtjzpf ArmbmomESihf t*Fvyd f
bmomudk owfrw S of nf?
(c) jynfaxmifpktzGJ@0if jynfe,ftoD;oD;wGif zuf'&,fjynfaxmifpk.
&H;k oH;k bmomtjyif ,if;jynfe,f. trsK;d om;bmomudv k nf; &H;k oH;k
bmomtjzpf owfrw S Ef ikd o
f nf?
69
k ajccHOya' ('kw,
d rl-urf;)
yk'rf (184) usr;f opPmused q

f jkd cif;
zuf'&,fjynfaxmifp. k
(u) orRw
(c) 0ef}uD;csKyf
(*) tpd;k &tzG@J 0if 0ef}uD;rsm;
(C) zuf'&,fjynfaxmifpk a&SaecsKyf
(i) zuf'&,fjynfaxmifpk w&m;v$waf wmfcsKyf w&m;ol}uD;rsm;
(p) zuf'&,fjynfaxmifpk pm&if;ppfcsKyf
wd@k onf rdrw d @kd tm; a&G;cs,cf ef@tyfwm0efay;jcif; twnfjyK+yD;onfEiS hf
w+yKd ifeuf owfrw S jf yXmef;xm;aom usr;f used v
f m$ twdik ;f oufqikd &f m
ae&mXmersm;wGif rqdik ;f rwG usr;f opPmused q f &kd rnf?
yk'rf (185) aumfr&Sif
(u) zuf'&,fjynfaxmifpv k wG af wmfonf atmufyg vGyv f yfaomaumfr&Sif
rsm;udk zG@J pnf;Edik &f ef Oya'rsm; jyXmef;&rnf?
(1) vl@tcGiahf &;aumfr&Sif
(2) usm;-r wef;wlnrD #a&;aumfr&Sif
(3) t*wdvu kd pf m;r_ pHpk rf;wdu k zf suaf &;aumfr&Sif
(4) jynfaxmifp0k efxrf;a&;&maumfr&Sif
(5) a&G;aumufyaJG umfr&Sif
(6) obm0ywf0ef;usix f rd ;f odr;f a&;aumfr&Sif
(7) uav;tcGit hf a&;umuG,af &;aumfr&Sif
(8) vlenf;pktcGit hf a&; umuG,af &;aumfr&Sif
(c) txufygaumfr&Sirf sm;. xrf;aqmif&rnfw h m0efrsm;ukd zuf'&,fjynf
axmifpv k w $ af wmfu Oya'jyXmef;&rnf?
(*) zuf'&,fjynfaxmifpv k w$ af wmfonf txufyg aumfr&Sirf sm;tjyif vdk
tyfaom aumfr&Sirf sm;udk zG@J pnf;wm0efay;tyfEidk o f nf?
yk'rf (186) vl@tcGiafh &;aumfr&Sif
(u) trsK;d om;v$waf wmfu a&G;cs,t
f rnfpm&if;wifoiG ;f aom yk*Kd~ vf (11)
OD;udk zuf'&,fjynfaxmifpkv$wfawmfu vufcHtwnfjyK+yD;ygu
70
zuf'&,fjynfaxmifpo k rRwonf vl@tcGit hf a&;aumfr&Sif tzG@J 0ifrsm;

tjzpf cef@tyfwm0efay;tyf&rnf?
(c) xkad umfr&Sio
f nf rdr.
d oabmqENtavsmufaomfvnf;aumif;/ wkid f
wef;csuf vufc&H &Sad omtcgwiG af omfvnf;aumif;/ vl@tcGiahf &;csKd ;
azmufrr_ sm;ukd vGwv f yfpmG pHpk rf;ppfaq;Edik cf iG hf &Sad p&rnf?
(*) vl@tcGifha&;aumfr&Sifonf rdrdaqmif&Gufcsufrsm;ukd zuf'&,fjynf
axmifpv k w$ af wmfo@dk tpD&ifcH wifjy&rnf?
yk'rf (187) a&G;aumufyaJG umfr&Sif
trsK;d om;v$waf wmfu a&G;cs,f trnfpm&if;wifoiG ;f aom yk*Kd~ vf (11) OD;udk
$ af wmfu vufct H wnfjyK+yD;ygu zuf'&,fjynf
axmifpo k rRwonf a&G;aumufyaJG umfr&Sif tzG@J 0ifrsm;tjzpf cef@tyfwm0ef
ay;tyf&rnf?
yk'rf (188) trSew
f &m;azmfxw
k af &;ESihf jyefvnfoifjh rwfa&;aumfr&Sif
(u) TzG@J pnf;yHt k ajccHOya' twnfrjyKrD umvtawmtwGi;f tm%m
ydik f w&yf&yf. jyKrlaqmif&u G cf suf wpHw k &ma=umifh xdcu kd ef pfemqH;k &_;H r_
cHpm;&aom Edik if o H m;rsm;. epfemcsurf sm;udk pHpk rf;ppfaq;azmfxw k Ef ikd f
&eftwGuf trSew f &m;azmfxw k af &;ESihf jyefvnfoifjh rwfa&;aumfr&Sif
w&yfukd zG@J pnf;aqmif&u G &f rnf?
(c) trSew f &m;azmfxw k af &;ESihf jyefvnfoifjh rwfa&;aumfr&Si. f zG@J pnf;r_/
oufwrf;umv/ wm0efEiS hf vkyyf ikd cf iG rhf sm;udk zuf'&,fjynfaxmifpk
v$waf wmfu Oya' jyXmef;ay;&rnf?
(*) aumfr&Siu f kd wlnaD om trsK;d om;/ trsK;d orD; ud, k pf m;vS,Of ;D a&jzifh
zG@J pnf;&rnf?
(C) toGiu f ;l ajymif;a&;umv epfemcsurf sm;tm; jyefvnfupk m;a&;twGuf
vdt k yfaom vkyaf qmifcsurf sm;udk aqmif&u G Ef ikd &f ef jynfaxmifpv k w$ f
awmfu Oya'jyXmef;ay;&rnf?
71
k ajccHOya' ('kw,
d rl-urf;)
yk'rf (189) Edik if w

H umoabmwlncD suEf iS hf pmcsKyfrsm;udpP
(u) zuf'&,fjynfaxmifpt k pd;k &u oabmwlvufrw S af &;xd;k cJ+h yD; wifjy
vmaom Edik if wH umqdik &f moabmwlncD surf sm;ESihf pyfvsO;f I Oya'
jyK&efvakd om (od@k wnf;r[kw)f Oya'jyK&ef ta=umif;&Sad om Edik if w H um
oabmwlncD suu f kd zuf'&,fjynfaxmifpv k w
$ af wmfu qufvufI
twnfrjyKcJah omf tqdyk goabmwlncD suo f nf twnfrjzpfap&?
¹cGi;f csuf ? ? Tyk'rf cGJ (c) onf zuf'&,fjynfaxmifpk v$waf wmfo@kd wifoiG ;f vm
aom zuf'&,fjynfaxmifpt k pd;k &. enf;ynmqdik &f mudp&P yfrsm;ESihf pDrcH ef@ct
JG yk f
csKyfrq _ ikd &f m tpd;k &tcsi;f csi;f oabmwlncD surf sm;ESihf roufqikd af p&?
(c) enf;ynmqdik &f mudp&P yfrsm;ESihf pDrcH ef@ct
JG yk cf sKyfrq
_ ikd &f m udp&P yfrsm; jzpf
rjzpftwnfjyKjcif;udk zuf'&,fjynfaxmifpv k w $ af wmfu pdppfq;kH jzwf
&rnf?
(*) zuf'&,fjynfaxmifpv k w$ af wmfu twnfjyKjyXmef;jcif;rjyKv#if rnf
onfh Edik if w
H umqdik &f m oabmwlncD suu f rkd # zuf'&,fjynfaxmifp. k
Oya' wpdww f a'o rjzpfap&?
yk'rf (190) vlO;D a&oef;acgipf m&if;aumuf,jl cif;
(u) jynfo@l vw $ af wmfonf vlO;D a&oef;acgipf m&if; aumuf,al &;aumfr&Sif
udk zG@J pnf;wm0ef ay;tyf&rnf?
(c) tenf;qH;k q,fEpS w f }udrf vlO;D a&oef;acgipf m&if; aumuf,&l rnf?
yk'rf (191) w&m;0ifaiGa=u;ESihf ypPn;f ydik q
f ikd rf q
_ ikd &f mjyXmef;csuf
(u) Edik if aH &;wm0efukd xrf;aqmifaeom yk*Kd~ vfrsm;onf if;wd@k yikd q
f ikd af om
aiGa=u;ESihf ypPn;f OpPmrsm;udk azmfjy&ef wm0ef&adS p&rnf?
(c) txufyg yk'rf cGJ (u) ygjyXmef;csurf sm;ESihf ywfoufI zuf'&,fjynf
axmifpv k w
$ af wmfEiS hf jynfe,fOya'jyKv$waf wmfrsm;rS Oya'jyXmef;
ay;&rnf?
yk'rf (192) pm&if;ppfcsKyf
zuf'&,fjynfaxmifpo
k rRwonf zuf'&,fjynfaxmifp0k ef}u;D csKyfrS tqkjd yK
wifoGif;vmolukd zuf'&,fjynfaxmifpkv$wfawmf. twnfjyKcsufjzifh
72
pm&ifppfcsKyftjzpf cef@tyf&rnf? pm&if;ppfcsKyfonf zuf'&,fjynfaxmifpk

tpd;k &. aiGpm&if;rsm;ukd vGwv f yfpmG ppfaq;ykid cf iG hf &Sad p&rnf? pm&if;ppfaq;
awG@&cdS surf sm;ukd zuf'&,fjynfaxmifpt k pk;d &ESihf zuf'&,fjynfaxmifpv k w
$ f
awmfo@kd tpD&ifcw H ifjy&rnf?
yk'rf (193) zuf'&,fjynfaxmifpAk [db
k %f
(u) zuf'&,fjynfaxmifpk aiGa=u;a&;&mukd xde;f csKyfuyG u
f EJ idk &f ef zuf'&,f
jynfaxmifpkv$wfawmfrS jyXmef;aomOya'ESifhtnD vGwfvyfaom
zuf'&,fjynfaxmifpk A[db k %fwck xlaxmif&rnf?
(c) zuf'&,fjynfaxmifpkb%fonf zuf'&,fjynfaxmifpk. aiGa=u;
wefz;kd rsm;wnf+idrrf _ &Sad pa&;twGuf wm0ef,al qmif&uG &f rnf?
(*) zuf'&,fjynfaxmifpb k %fonf wrsK;d wpm;wnf;aom aiGpuULESihf
aiG'*F g;rsm; xkwv
f yk &f rnf?
yk'rf (194) vlxq
k ENazmfxw
k jf cif;
(u) Ekid if o
H m;wdik ;f onf rdr.
d xifjrif,q l csuu f akd omfvnf;aumif;/ t}uH
jyKcsuu f akd omfvnf;aumif;wOD;wnf;jzpfap/ pkaygi;f Ijzpfap pmjzifh
a&;om;I vufrw S af &;xd;k +y;D oufqikd &f mtm%mydik f (od@k wnf;r[kw)f
v$waf wmfw&yf&yfo@kd wifoiG ;f cGi&hf o dS nf?
(c) txufy'k rf cGJ (u) ESihf pyfvsO;f I zuf'&,fjynfaxmifpv k w
$ af wmfu
Oya'jyXmef;ay;&rnf?
yk'rf (195) Xmaeajr,m (Native Title) owfrw
S jf cif;
(u) zuf'&,fjynfaxmifpk tzG@J 0ifjynfe,ftoD;oD;wGif aexdik =f uaom
Xmaewdik ;f &if;om; vlenf;pkrsm;. rd&;kd zvm aexdik yf ikd q f ikd cf =hJ uonfh
e,fajrudjk zpfap/ e,fajr. wpdyw f ydik ;f udjk zpfap tqdyk g wdik ;f &if;om;
vlenf;pk. Xmaeajr,mtjzpf owfrw S Ef ikd o
f nf?
(c) Xmaeajr,mowfrw S jf cif;udk oufqikd &f mjynfe,fvw $ af wmf. Oya'
jyXmef;csurf sm;ESit
hf nD owfrw S &f rnf?
73
k ajccHOya' ('kw,
d rl-urf;)
yk'rf (196) w&m;cHvaJ$ jymif;ay;tyfjcif;

jynfe,fwcktwGi;f jypfru _ sL;vGe+f yD;aemuf tjcm;jynfe,fwcko@kd xGuaf jy;
a&muf&odS mG ;aom w&m;cHwOD;tm; zrf;qD;&rdxm;aom jynfe,ftpd;k &xHrS
oufqikd &f mjynfe,ftpd;k &u rdrjd ynfe,fo@kd v$aJ jymif;ay;tyf&ef awmif;qdk
vmygu w&m;cHtm; v$aJ jymif;ay;tyf&rnf?
od@k &mwGif xdo
k @kd v$aJ jymif;ay;tyfap&efupd u
P kd zrf;qD;&rdxm;aom jynfe,f
tpd;k &tm; twif;t=uyfjyKrljcif; r&Sad p&?
74
tcef; (13)
toGiful;ajymif;a&;umvqdkif&mjyXmef;csufrsm;
Transitional Provisions
yk'rf (197) wnfqOJ ya'rsm;

(u) wnfqOJ ya'/ enf;Oya'rsm;onf zuf'&,fjynfaxmifpv k w
$ af wmfu
y,fzsujf cif;/ jyifqifjcif; rjyKao;rD TzG@J pnf;ykt
H ajccHOya'ESihf rqef@
usio
f r# twnfjzpfonf?
(c) wnfqpJ nf;rsO;f Oya'/ pnf;urf;Oya'/ trde@f a=ujimcsurf sm;/ !$e=f um;
csufrsm;ESifh vkyfxHk;vkyfenf;rsm;udk zuf'&,fjynfaxmifpktpdk;&u
y,fzsujf cif;/ jyifqifjcif; rjyKao;rD TzG@J pnf;yHtk ajccHOya'ESihf rqef@
usiof r# twnfjzpfonf?
yk'rf (198) wnfqw
J &m;¶H;k rsm;
h ifah om w&m;¶H;k rsm;onf Tzuf'&,fjynfaxmifpzk @JG pnf;yHt
tqifq k ajccH
Oya't& w&m;a&;pepfw&yf zG@J pnf;ay:ayguo f nftxd w&m;pD&ifyikd cf iG hf
tm%mrsm;udk qufvufusio hf ;kH cGihf &Sad p&rnf?
yk'rf (199) 0efxrf;rsm;
k ajccHOya' twnfrjyKrDu wm0efxrf;
Tzuf'&,fjynfaxmifpk zG@J pnf;yHt
aqmifv#u&f =dS uaom tpd;k &tr_xrf;tm;vH;k onf rlv&mxl;wm0efrsm;
twdik ;f qufvuf tr_xrf;aqmifap&rnf?
yk'rf (200) Edik if w
H umESichf sKyfqx
kd m;aom pmcsKyf/ pmwrf;rsm;
(u) Ekid if w
H umOya'rsm;ESit hf nD oabmwlcsKyfqx kd m;aom Ekid if w H um
oabmwlncD surf sm;/ pmcsKypf mwrf;rsm;rSty Tzuf'&,fjynfaxmifpk
zG@J pnf;yHt
k ajccHOya' twnfrjyKrDu jrefrmEdik if t H pd;k & yg0ifcsKyfqckd ahJ om
pmcsKyrf sm;ESiphf yfvsO;f I zuf'&,fjynfaxmifpt k pd;k &rS jyefvnfo;kH oyf+y;D
zuf'&,fjynfaxmifpv k w $ af wmfo@kd wifjy&rnf?
(c) zuf'&,fjynfaxmifpv k w $ af wmfu xyfrt H wnfjyKaom pmcsKyfpmwrf;
rsm;omv#if qufvuftwnfjzpfap&rnf?
75
k ajccHOya' ('kw,
d rl-urf;)
yk'rf (201) vlO;D a&oef;acgipf m&if;aumuf,jl cif;

toGiu f ;l ajymif;a&;umvtwGi;f vlO;D a&oef;acgipf m&if; aumuf,al &;
vkyif ef;udk tjrefq;kH aqmif&u
G Ef ikd af &;twGuf ,m,D vlO;D a&oef;acgipf m&if;
aumuf,al &; aumfr&Siw f &yf zG@J pnf;+yD; aqmif&u
G af p&rnf?
yk'rf (202) jynfe,frsm;/ ud,
k yf ikd t
f yk cf sKycf iG &hf a'orsm;/ trsK;d om;e,fajrrsm;
ESihf zuf'&,fjynfaxmifpek ,fajrrsm;zG@J pnf;jcif;
(u) TzG@J pnf;yHt k ajccHOya' tcef; (3) yk'rf (48) ESihf (49) t& trsK;d om;
jynfe,frsm;/ trsKd;om;rsm;jynfe,frsm;/ zuf'&,fjynfaxmifpke,f
ajrrsm;jzifh zuf'&,fjynfaxmifpu k kd zG@J pnf;Edik af &;twGuf zuf'&,fjynf
axmifpt k wGi;f &Sd wdik ;f &if;om;vlrsKd ;toD;oD;wd@k onf nEd id_ ;f aqmif&u G f
&rnf?
(c) TzG@J pnf;yHt k ajccHOya' tcef; (3) yk'rf (53) t& ud, k yf ikd t
f yk cf sKyfciG &hf
a'orsm;ESihf trsK;d om;e,fajrrsm; zG@J pnf;Edik af &;twGuf oufqidk &f m
jynfe,frsm;twGi;f aexdik =f uaomwdik ;f &if;om; vlrsKd ;toD;oD;wd@k onf
nEd id_ ;f aqmif&u G &f rnf?
(*) wdik ;f &if;om;vlrsK;d toD;oD;wd@k . qENoabmxm;trSeu f kd azmfxw k &f ,l
Edik &f eftwGuf vdt k yfaoma'orsm;wGif pHpk rf;ppfaq;a&;tzG@J ukd zG@J pnf;
wm0efay;tyfI aqmif&u G &f rnf?
(C) tqdyk g e,fajra'otwGi;f &Sd oufqikd &f mjynfov l x
l .k qENoabm
xm;udk aumuf,+l yD; jynfot l rsm;pk. qENEiS t hf nD e,ferd w d yf ikd ;f jcm;
owfrw S of nft h wkid ;f trsK;d om;jynfe,frsm;/ trsK;d om;rsm;jynfe,frsm;
pm&if;udk Tzuf'&,fjynfaxmifpzk @JG pnf;yHt k ajccHOya'wGif xnfo h iG ;f
jyXmef;&rnf?
76
tcef; (14)
zGJ@pnf;yHktajccHOya'tm;jyifqifjcif;
Amendment of Constitution

k ajccHOya'tm; jyifqifyikd cf iG hf
(u) twdtusjyXmef;owfrw S af om Oya'jzihjf zpfap/ jyXmef;csuu f kd jznfh
pGujf cif;jzihjf zpfap/ TzG@J pnf;yHt k ajccHOya'udk zuf'&,fjynfaxmifpk
v$waf wmfu jyifqifEikd cf iG hf &Sad p&rnf?
(c) atmufazmfjyyg jyXmef;csurf sm;tm; jyifqif&efjzpfygu zuf'&,fjynf
axmifpkwckvHk;twdkif;twmjzifh vlxkqENcH,lyGJ jyKvkyf+yD;rSomv#if
jyifqifciG &hf adS p&rnf?
(1) yk'rf (1) wGif jyXmef;xm;onfh zuf'&,fjynfaxmifp. k trnfEiS hf
oufqikd o f nfu h pd /P
(2) yk'rf (2) wGif jyXmef;xm;onfh jynfe,frsm;. Edik if aH &;tm%mESihf
(3) yk'rf (5) wGif jyXmef;xm;onfh zuf'&,fjynfaxmifp. k tcsKyf
tjcmtm%mudp/P
(4) yk'rf (8) wGijf yXmef;xm;onfh zuf'&,fjynfaxmifp. k e,ferd w d Ef iS hf
(5) yk'rf (9) wGif jyXmef;xm;onfh ygwpD 'kH rD u kd a&pDpepfukd ajymif;vJjcif;
udp/P
(6) yk'rf (48) wGif jyXmef;xm;onfh zuf'&,fjynfaxmifpktzG@J 0if
jynfe,frsm;udp/P
(7) yk'rf (60) wGif jyXmef;xm;onfh zuf'&,fjynfaxmifpv k wG af wmf
zG@J pnf;r_upd /P
(8) yk'rf (121) (u) wGijf yXmef;xm;onfh zuf'&,fjynfaxmifpt k pd;k &
zG@J pnf;r_upd ?P
(*) txuf yk'rf cGJ (c) wGif twdtus owfrw S jf yXmef;xm;aom jyXmef;csuf
rsm;ESihf t}uHK;r0ifaom jyXmef;csurf sm;udk jyifqif&efjzpfygu zuf'&,f
jynfaxmifpkv$wfawmfonf jynfaxmifpktzGJ@0ifjynfe,ftm;vHk;.
oH;k yHEk pS yf kH axmufcrH j_ zifh jyifqifEidk cf iG &hf adS p&rnf?
77
k ajccHOya' ('kw,
d rl-urf;)

k ajccHOya'jyifqifrt
_ wnfjzpfjcif;
TzG@J pnf;yHt k ajccHOya'udk jyifqifonfh Oya'=urf;tm; atmufygenf;vrf;
twdik ;f aqmif&u G jf cif;jzihf twnfjzpfap&rnf?
(1) v$waf wmfw&yf&yfwiG f ud, k pf m;vS,Of ;D a& tenf;qH;k oH;k yHw k yHk axmufcH
r_jzihf trsK;d om;v$waf wmf (od@k r[kw)f jynfo@l vw $ af wmfuaomfvnf;
aumif;/ jynfe,frsm;onf trsK;d om;v$waf wmfuwqifah omfvnf;
aumif;/ jynfov l x l o k nf oufqikd &f m jynfo@l vw $ af wmfu, kd pf m;vS,f
rsm;uwqifh aomfvnf;aumif; jyifqifcsufOya'rl=urf;udk pwif
tqdjk yK wifoiG ;f Edik o f nf?
(2) jyifqifcsuf Oya'rl=urf;udk zuf'&,fjynfaxmifpt k zG@J 0ifjynfe,frsm;/
zuf'&,fjynfaxmifpt k pd;k &ESifh tjcm;v$waf wmfw&yfo@kd ta=umif;
=um;today;&rnf?
(3) zuf'&,fjynfaxmifpt k pd;k &ESifh zuf'&,fjynfaxmifpt k zG@J 0if jynfe,f
rsm;onf jyifqif&eftqdjk yKcsuu f kd vufc&H &S+d yD;aemuf if;wd@k .oabm
xm;rsm;udk (45) &uftwGi;f zuf'&,fjynfaxmifpv k w$ af wmfo@kd jyef
vnfay;yd@k &rnf?
(4) yk'rf (203) yk'rf cGJ (c) yg jyXmef;csurf sm;twGuf zuf'&,fjynfaxmifpk
v$wfawmf. v$wfawmfw&yfpDwGif udk,fpm;vS,fOD;a& tenf;qHk;
oH;k yHEk pS yf .
kH axmufcrH &_ &Sv d #if jynfe,fvw $ af wmfrsm;ok@d qufvuf
ay;yd@k &rnf? zuf'&,fjynfaxmifpt k zG@J 0if jynfe,ftm;vH;k . oH;k yHEk pS yf kH
axmufcrH _ &&Syd gu vlxq k EN cH,yl u JG kd usi;f y&rnf? vlxq k ENc, H yl w
JG iG f
jynfov l x l k axmufcq H ENrJ xuf0ufausm&f &Syd gu Oya'=urf;onf
twnfjzpfap&rnf?
(5) yk'rf (203) yk'rf cGJ (*) yg jyXmef;csurf sm;twGuf zuf'&,fjynfaxmifpk
v$waf wmf. v$waf wmfw&yfpw D iG f ud, k pf m;vS,Of ;D a& tenf;qH;k oH;k yHk
ESpyf kH axmufcrH &_ &Sv d #if jynfe,fvw $ af wmfrsm;od@k qufvufay;yd@k +yD;
zuf'&,fjynfaxmifpt k zG@J 0ifjynfe,ftm;vH;k . oH;k yHEk pS yf kH axmufcrH u _ kd
&&Syd gu Oya'=urf;onf twnfjzpfap&rnf?
(6) txufyg tyd'k cf JG (4) ESihf (5) t& twnfjyK+yD;aom Oya'=urf;udk
yk'rf (114) tyk'cf JG (É) ygtwdik ;f qufvufaqmif&u G &f rnf?
78
The Constitution of the Federal
Republic of the Union of Burma
(Second Draft)
Federal Constitution Drafting and

Coordinating Committee
(FCDCC)
(Adopted on 12 February 2008)

Contents
Preamble .............................................................................................. 83
Chapter (1) Form of the Federal Union .................................. 85
Chapter (2) Bill of Rights, Guarantees and Duties ................. 87
Chapter (3) Member States of the Federal Union ................. 96
Chapter (4) Assembly of the Federal Union .......................... 100
(B) Chamber of Peoples Representative
Chapter (5) Federal Legislation .................................................. 111
Chapter (6) Federal President ..................................................... 117
Chapter (7) Federal Government ............................................... 122
Chapter (8) Federal Judiciary .................................................... 126
Chapter (9) Citizenship ............................................................... 130
Chapter (10)Federal Defense and Security Services ............... 132
Chapter (11)State of Emergency ................................................. 135
Chapter (12)General Provisions ................................................. 139
Chapter (13)Transitional Provisions ......................................... 144
Chapter (14)Amendments of Constitution ............................... 146
PREAMBLE
We the peoples of the Federal Republic of the Union of
Burma, with complete faith in the universal principles of
freedom, equality and justice, do hereby adopt this Constitution
for the Federal Republic of the Union of Burma in order to
establish a multi-national country that is peaceful, prosperous,
and enduring.
In the land of this Federal Union, many different nationalities
have lived, each with their own sovereignty and independence,
ever since ancient times. Although each nationality lived
independently for most of its history, they all fell under the long
occupation and servitude of the British colonialists. In order to
regain its own freedom more quickly, each nationality joined
with the others so as to obtain independence from the colonial
power together, and they thus formed a Federal Union at the
Panglong Conference in the year 1947.
The Conference unanimously adopted the Panglong
Agreement which guaranteed ethnic equality, self-determination,
and democratic rights. Although the Agreement promised that
the new states of the union could govern themselves, those in
power failed to implement the Agreement. Civil war ensued
for more than half a century, during which countless lives were
sacrificed and natural resources wasted. Since 1962, the peoples
of Burma have suffered under a series of dictatorial regimes
with different names but a common history of denying
democratic rights, human rights, and the rights of self-
determination for ethnic nationalities who joined the Union as
equal partners in 1947. We shall never forget the heart-breaking
experiences that the people of the Federal Union have had to
endure.
In order to prevent a recurrence of the mistakes of the past
and to realize the future aspirations of all our peoples, we based
83
k ajccHOya' ('kw,
d rl-urf;)
this Constitution on the fundamental principles of political

equality for all ethnic nationalities, the rights of self-determination
for all member states of the Federal Union,and the democratic
rights for all citizens. This Constitution further provides guarantees
for human rights and gender equality; minority rights for all
religious and ethnic groups; and the separation of politics and
religion. In order to prevent the recurrence of military
dictatorship, this Constitution enshrines civilian control of the
armed forces.
We establish this Constitution so as to secure the blessings
of liberty to ourselves and future generations. Banishing all the
past outrages, shattering the dark, shining the light, and establishing
the dignity of the Federal Union among the family of nations,
this Constitution shall become the highest law of the Federal
Republic of the Union of Burma.
84
Chapter (1)
Form of the Federal Union
Article 1. Name of Federal Republic of the Union of

Burma
The Federal Republic of the Union of the Burma is an

independent, sovereign and democratic State. It shall be known
as the Federal Republic of the Union of Burma.
Article 2. Composition
The Federal Union shall be composed of States with full rights

of self-determination and having equal political powers vested
in by this Constitution.
Article 3. Owner of Sovereign Power
The Sovereign Power of the Federal Union belongs to the citizens.
Article 4. Exercise of Sovereign Powers
(A) The peoples representatives, elected by secret vote in regular,

free and fair general elections, shall exercise the sovereign
power, as provided for by this Constitution.
(B) The Assembly of Federal Union, the Federal Government,
the Federal Supreme Court and Courts formed in accordance
with this constitution shall exercise the sovereign power of
the Federal Union.
Article 5. Separation of Powers
(A) The three main pillars of sovereign power - the legislative,

the executive and the judicial - shall be exercised in separation
and there shall be a system of checks and balances among
the three branches.
(B) The Federal Assembly, the Federal Government, and the
Federal Supreme Court and its subordinate courts,
85
k ajccHOya' ('kw,
d rl-urf;)
established in accordance with this Constitution, shall exercise

the sovereign power of the Federal Union.
The Federal Union and the Member States shall allocate and
exercise the powers, in accordance with this Constitution.
Article 7. Secular State
(A) The Federal Union shall not mix religion and politics, and
shall be a secular State.
(B) No religion shall be instituted as the State religion.
Article 8. Territory
The territory comprising of land, water, and air masses of the

Federal Union, shall be as it stands on the day this Constitution is
adopted and promulgated. The territory of the Federal Union
shall not be altered without the approval of all the member
States.
Article 9. Political System
(A) The political system of the Federal Union shall be a multiparty

democratic system.
(B) Political parties may be freely established in accordance with
basic democratic principles and practices.
(C) The Federal Assembly shall enact law (a statute) relating to
political parties.
Article 10. Supreme Law
This Constitution shall be the Supreme Law of the Federal Union.
86
Chapter (2)
Bill of Rights, Guarantees and Duties
Fundamental Rights
Article 11. Individual Rights
Every person living in the Federal Union:
(A) Shall have the right to life;
(B) Shall be equal before the law irrespective of differences with
regard to ethnicity, native birthplace, religion, skin color, social
status, age, gender and sexual orientation;
(C) Shall have freedom of thought and belief;
(D) Shall have the right to be legally recognized as a human being
and shall have the right to acquire respect and protection
for his/her human dignity.
Article 12. Basic Freedom
No person living in the Federal Union:

(A) Shall be enslaved;
(B) Shall be subjected to forced labor;
(C) Shall be subjected to torture, sexual mistreatment, or cruel,
inhuman, and degrading treatment.
Article 13. Irrevocable Rights
The rights contained in Articles 11 and 12 shall not be suspended

or revoked under any circumstances.
Article 14. Rights of Expression and Conscience
In accordance with laws enacted by the Federal Assembly, every

person living in the Federal Union shall have:
(A) The right to freely express, publish and have access to and
disseminate information;
(B) The right to freely worship and perform religious rites and
traditions;
(C) The right to freely assemble and demonstrate peacefully;
(D) The right to seek political asylum;
87
k ajccHOya' ('kw,
d rl-urf;)
(E) The Federal Assembly shall have the power to enact laws to
limit exercise of the rights specified in this Article insofar as
the exercise of these rights contravenes democratic principles
and practices, endangers public health, or corrupts public
morality.
Article 15. Privacy Rights
Every person living in the Federal Union shall be secure from:
(A) Unlawful interference of privacy of his or her own home,

family and correspondence including intrusion on his or her
personal freedom and injury to his or her dignity and
reputation;
(B) Illegal search of person and premises, and seizure of his or
her property.
Article 16. Gender Equality
Gender equality shall be guaranteed in the political, economic,

social and cultural fields, and in the family.
Article 17. Rights to Citizenship
Every person living within the Federal Union shall have the right
to apply for citizenship as prescribed by the federal law.
Civil and Political Rights

Article 18. Freedom of Movement
Every citizen of the Federal Union shall have the right to travel
freely anywhere in the Federal Union.
Article 19. Freedom to Travel Abroad and Reenter
Every citizen of Federal Union shall have the right to leave and
return to the Federal Union.
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Article 20. Rights to Marry
(A) Every person at the age of majority shall have the right to
marry in accordance with his or her free will, without
discrimination based on race, religion, or social status.
(B) Marriage shall not automatically affect the persons right to
choose the religion or nationality. The matter shall be in
accordance with the persons own free will.
Article 21. Political Rights
Every citizen at the age of majority shall have the right:

(A) To participate in the conduct of political affairs, directly or
through freely elected representatives;
(B) To vote and to stand for election in free and fair regular
general elections or by-elections, in which voting is direct
and by secret ballot, in order to guarantee the expression of
free will.
Article 22. Freedom of Association
Every citizen of the Federal Union:

(A) Shall have the right freely to form, join, and participate in
organizations, associations, and unions in accordance with
the Federal law;
(B) Shall not be forced to participate in any organization,
association, or union.
Article 23. Arrest and Detention
(A) No person in the Federal Union shall be arrested, detained,

or held as a suspect on the basis of mere suspicion.
(B) Every person arrested or detained shall be treated with the
respect due to a human being and human dignity.
(C) Every person arrested without a warrant shall not be
detained for more than twenty four hours. If there are
sufficient grounds to detain a person for more than twenty
four hours, the matter shall be submitted before a competent
court and the person shall be further detained only under
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the detention order of a judge in accordance with the existing

laws.
Article 24. Criminal Charge
(A) Every person charged with a criminal offense shall have the
right:
(1) To be informed without unreasonable delay of the
charge and alleged specific offense;
(2) To be tried within a reasonable time;
(3) Not to be compelled to be a witness to the offence;
(4) To defense to the fullest extent in accordance with the
law;
(5) To employ or be provided with an attorney for his or
her defense;
(6) To be tried in a language which he or she understands
or, failing this, to have the proceeding interpreted to
him or her.
(B) All the court hearings and trials shall be open to the public.
Article 25. Trial and Penalty
(A) No person shall be tried for an offense except under the

laws existing at the time of the offense.
(B) No penalty degrading to the human dignity of the individual
shall be imposed.
(C) A person acquitted of an offense shall not be retried for the
same offense.
(D) No person shall be punished for the same act more than
once.
(E) No person shall be punished for action that was not violation
of a law at the time that it was committed.
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Economic, Social and Cultural Rights and Duties

Article 26. Property Rights
(A) Every citizen shall have the right to own, transfer and dispose
of, property legally acquired, and the right of inheritance in
accordance with the law.
(B) These rights shall only be revoked or restricted for the benefit
of the public at large, in accordance with the law. The private
and public interests must be balanced, and the revocation
of private rights shall be made only after awarding proper
and adequate compensation.
Article 27. Right to Work
Every citizen shall have the right to work and the freedom to
choose his or her occupation without discrimination on the
ground of birthplace, religion, class or social status, gender, color,
race or ethnicity or age.
Article 28. Rights to Pursue a Living
(A) In order to freely pursue a living, every citizen shall have the
right freely to establish a business enterprises and business
association.
(B) The exercise of the rights specified in Paragraph (A) above,
shall not harm the Federal economic policies and plans,
national security, the public interest, and public health.
Article 29. Rights to Invention and Intellectual Property
Every citizen shall enjoy the freedom to engage in creative work

and to establish the right to intellectual property in accordance
with the law.
Article 30. Rights to Own Traditional Inheritance
A community concerned shall have the right to maintain for

posterity, own, use, manage and hand down the heritages relating
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to tradition, culture, skills and knowledge belonging specifically

to it through customary and traditional practices.
Every citizen leaving its own State for residence or occupational

activities in another State shall be in accordance with the laws of
the receiving State concerned.
Article 32. Rights to Education
Every Citizen of the Federal Union shall:

(A) Have the right freely to pursue an education;
(B) Have the right freely to choose his or her desired subject,
vocational course and higher education;
(C) Have the right to have a mandatory free basic education.
Article 33. Rights to Establish Academic Institutions
The right to establish private schools, universities, colleges, science

and professional institutions, pursuant to law, shall be guaranteed.
Article 34. Rights to Health
(A) Every citizen has the right to receive basic health services
and protection free of charge.
(B) The federal government shall provide health, accident, and
life insurance and an adequate social welfare scheme.
(C) Every citizen has the right to health care in relation to his her
reproduction matters.
(D) The Assembly of the Federal Union shall enact laws relating
to reproduction matters contained in Article 34 (C).
Article 35. Cultural Rights
Every citizen of the Federal Union shall have the right to freely
develop and promote the culture, customs and tradition of his/
her own nationality in accordance with this Constitution.
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Article 36. Languages of Ethnic Nationalities
Every citizen of the Federal Union shall have the right to freely
speak and learn the language of his/her own nationality, and
shall have the right to develop and promote his /her language
and literature.
Affirmative Action Rights and General Principles

Article 37. Reserved Gender Equality
To ensure gender equality, at least 30 percent of the seats at all

levels of legislation of the Federal Union shall be reserved for
women.
Article 38. Rights of the Children
(A) Every child shall have the right to protection and care in
his/her status as a minor, and shall be entitled to assistance
and care from the society as a whole.
(B) Children shall not be separated from their families without
the consent of their parents or guardians. The care and
upbringing of a child are the natural right of the parents.
The children may be separated from their family pursuant
to a law, in the case where the parents or guardians have
failed their responsibilities or where the children may, for
some reason, fall into negligence.
(C) Children shall be protected from commercial and social
exploitation. They shall be protected from work that may
impair their health, endanger their lives and harm their
physical or moral growth.
(D) The Assembly of the Federal Union shall enact laws relating
to childrens rights.
Article 39. Workers Rights
(A) To live a life in consonant with human dignity, every worker

shall have the right to:
(1) decent working conditions;
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(2)social security;
(3)appropriate working hours;
(4)holidays and regular leaves;
(5)freedom to form Workers Unions and conduct
organizing activities
(B) The Assembly of the Federal Union shall make laws relating
to workers rights.
Article 40. Farmers Rights
Every farmer shall have the rights to:

(1) Freely grow, sell, and produce crops;
(2) Pay taxes in cash;
(3) Freely form farmers unions.
Article 41. Protection of Equal Rights
Special arrangements made and measures taken by the Assembly

of the Federal Union through enactment of laws to protect and
promote the under-developed nationalities, the disadvantaged
communities with low capacity and the traditionally backward
and neglected citizen groups/communities, shall not be hampered
by the provisions espousing equal opportunities for all citizens.
General Principles
Article 42. Environmental Rights
(A) In addition to having the right to be free from the wretched

troubles resulting from environmental damage, every citizen
of the Federal Union shall have the right to have an
environment conducive to health and in harmony with nature.
(B) In addition to recognizing the contribution made by the
indigenous and minority peoples towards the protection and
conservation of environment, the Federal Government shall
prohibit excessive exploitation and production of natural
resources that may damage the environment in their
settlement areas.
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Article 43. Protection by Human Rights Commission
Any person whose human rights are violated shall have the right
to protection by the Human Rights Commission.
Article 44. Recourse to Constitutional Protection
(A) When necessary, every person shall have the right to apply
to the Supreme Court for receiving protection of the
Constitution.
(B) This right shall not be suspended under any circumstances.
Article 45. Protection by the Federal Union
Every citizen shall be entitled to petition the Federal Government

for protection inside or outside the country.
Article 46. International Covenants
The courts shall have the right to directly refer to or apply the
international covenants ratified by the Federal Union.
Article 47. Duties
Every citizen of the Federal Union shall bear the duties:

(A) To protect the Federal Union; and
(B) To respect, maintain and protect the Constitution of the
Federal Union.
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Chapter (3)
Member States of the Federal Union
Article 48. Member States of the Federal Union
(A) The Member States of the Federal Union shall have the full
rights to self-determination in accordance with this
Constitution.
(B) The Federal Union shall be composed of National States,
Nationalities States and Federal Territories.
Article 49. Member States of the Federal Union and

Federal Territories
(A) The Member States of the Federal Union:
The National States and Nationalities States are;

(1) Kachin National State
(2) Karen National State
(3) Karenni National State
(4) Chin National State
(5) Bama National State
(6) Mon National State
(7) Tenasserim Nationalities State
(8) Arakan National State
(9) Shan National State
(10) Irrawaddy Nationalities State
(11) .
(12) . . . . . . . .
(B) The Federal Territories:
The Federal Territories of the Federal Union are;

(1) Federal Capital
(2) . . . . . . . .
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Article 50. Constitutions of the Member States
The Member States of the Federal Union shall have the right to
draft and enact their respective State Constitutions, in accordance
with this Constitution.
Article 51. Powers of the Member States
The Member States of the Federal Union shall have the right to
exercise legislative, executive, and judicial powers, in accordance
with this Constitution.
Article 52. Exercise of Residual Powers
The Member States of the Federal Union shall have all the powers
except those exclusively delegated to the Federal Union and those
prohibited to the States by this Constitution.
Article 53. Rights of Indigenous Ethnic Minorities
(A) The rights of indigenous ethnic minorities within member

States of the Federal Union shall be safeguarded.
(B) In order to protect the rights of the minorities, the
Constitutions of the States shall designate and provide for
autonomous regions, national areas and special territories,
as necessary.
(C) Nationalities that have not obtained the status of a National
State have the right to seek the formation of an autonomous
region or a national area within the state or states they reside.
(D) If 50,000 resident citizens of a State demand, by signatures,
for designation of an autonomous region or if 5,000 resident
citizens in the respective area demand, by signatures, for
designation of national areas and federal special regions, the
respective State Legislature shall decide the question by a
majority vote.
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Article 54. States Armed Forces
(A) The Member States of the Federal Union may establish a

State police force, the membership of which shall not exceed
(0.2) % of the respective States population.
(B) In accordance with the law enacted by the Federal Assembly,
Member States of the Federal Union may establish a State
security force, the membership of which shall not exceed
(0.1) % of the respective States population.
(C) If, because of special circumstances, there is a need for the
expansion of the State Police and State Security Forces
beyond the strength allowed under Sub-article (A) and (B),
a State may seek permission from the Assembly of the
Federal Union.
Article 55. Right to Form New States
New States of the Federal Union may be formed from a

continuous land area within an existing State or by the
combination of continuous regions of two or more adjacent
States.
Article 56. Provisions for Formation of New States
Formation of new Member States of the Federal Union shall

be in accordance with the following provisions.
(A) With the support of 30 percent of the population of an

area desiring to form a new Member State of the Federal
Union, on the basis of having their own distinct geographical
area and history, the proposal for forming a new state shall
be submitted to the legislature or legislatures of the respective
State or States.
B) The Proposal to form a new state shall be submitted to the
Federal Chamber of Nationalities with the approval of over
half the members of the respective State Assembly or
Assemblies.
(C) The Federal Chamber of Nationalities, in accordance with
Article (56) (B) shall form an Inquiry Commission for New
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State Formation composed of representatives from The

Federal Chamber of Nationalities and representatives from
State Assembly or Assemblies.
(D) In accordance with the recommendation of the Inquiry
Commission for New State Formation, a referendum shall
be held in the area which has submitted a proposal to form
a new state.
(E) If in the referendum, 60 percent of the people living in the
area vote in favor, the formation of a new state becomes
valid under this Constitution.
(F) If in accordance with the Article 56 (E), approval has been
obtained for the establishment of a new State, the Chamber
of Nationalities shall further forward the bill to the Assembly
of the Federal Union, and the Assembly of the Federal Union
shall pass the bill into a law.
(G) The Federal President must sign and promulgate it.
(H) The law must next be sent to the respective State Assemblies
for further necessary action.
Article 57. Legislation Concerning New States
The Assembly of the Federal Union shall enact laws relating to

above-mentioned Article 55 and Article 56, for the new State or
States.
Article 58. Legislation Concerning Federal Territories
The Assembly of the Federal Union shall enact laws relating to

above-mentioned Article 49(B), for the Federal Territories.
Article 59. Powers Prohibited to Member States
No Member State of the Federal Union shall have the power to

enter into military alliance with a foreign country, to conclude
agreements relating to military matters or to produce currency
notes and coins for use in the State.
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Chapter (4)
Assembly of the Federal Union
(B) Chamber of Peoples Representatives
Article 60. Assembly of the Federal Union
The Assembly of the Federal Union shall be composed of the

Chamber of Nationalities and the Chamber of Peoples
Representatives.
Article 61. Powers of Assembly of the Federal Union
All legislative powers granted by this Constitution shall reside in

the Assembly of the Federal Union.
Article 62. Regular Session of Assembly of the Federal

Union
(A) The regular session of Assembly of the Federal Union shall

be held at least once a year.
(B) For convening the regular session of Assembly of the Federal
Union, a public notice shall be issued not less than sixty days,
in advance.
(C) The Federal President shall convene the regular session of
Assembly of the Federal Union.
(D) The Federal President shall deliver the State of the Union
address, relating to situation in the whole of the Federal
Union, at every regular session of Assembly of the Federal
Union.
Article 63. Special or Emergency Session
(A) Special or emergency sessions of Assembly of the Federal

Union shall be convened for the following matters.
(1) Ratification of amendment to the Constitution;
(2) Approving or terminating a declaration of State of
Emergency;
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(3) Approving declaration or termination of war against

another state;
(4) Affir ming election of the Federal President or
appointment of the Justices of the Federal Court.
(B) If the members in the Chamber of Nationalities or the
Chamber of Peoples Representatives, through a majority
vote demand, or if the Prime Minister so requests, the
President shall convene a special or emergency meeting.
(C) Announcement of the meeting must be made at least seven
days before it is convened.
Article 64. Quorum for Meetings of Assembly of the

Federal Union
Attendance of more than half the members of Chamber of

Nationalities and more than half the members of Chamber of
Peoples Representatives shall form the quorum for a meeting
of Assembly of the Federal Union.
Article 65. Vote
In Assembly of the Federal Union, decisions shall be made by a

majority vote of members of each Chamber attending the
session.
Article 66. The Speaker of Assembly of the Federal

Union
(A) The Chairpersons of the Chamber of Nationalities and the

Chamber of the Peoples Representatives shall take turn to
preside as Speaker over the meetings of Assembly of the
Federal Union. The term Chairpersons also refers to Vice
Chairpersons of both the Chambers.
(B) The Speaker of the Assembly of the Federal Union shall
have the power to enforce rules of procedures over meetings
of the Assembly of the Federal Union and supervise conduct
of the members for observance of the rules.
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(C) In matters where decisions need to be made by votes and

where the votes for and against are tied, the Speaker of the
Assembly of the Union shall cast the deciding vote, based
on the provisions contained in this Constitution.
Article 67. Prohibition on Simultaneous Membership in

Both Chambers
A member of one Chamber shall not simultaneously serve in

the other Chamber.
Article 68. Exemptions and Privileges
(A) No member of the Assembly of the Federal Union shall be

questioned, punished or brought to trial for any vote cast,
speech or discussion made, or distribution of written
materials.
(B) During a session of Assembly of the Federal Union, no
assembly member shall be arrested, except during the
commission of the offense itself, charged or punished for
any offense, without approval of Assembly of the Federal
Union.
Article 69. Compensation and Benefits
Assembly of the Federal Union shall provide by law for its

members to receive appropriate compensation and benefits for
their services. Any decision to raise the compensation or benefits
shall take effect only in the new term of Assembly of the Federal
Union.
Article 70. International Covenants and Treaties
Assembly of the Federal Union shall have the power to ratify or

reject international covenants and treaties signed by the
Government of the Federal Union.
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Article 71. By laws and Procedures of Assembly of the

Federal Union
Assembly of the Federal Union shall prescribe bylaws and rules

of procedure for its duties and activities.
Article 72. Composition of Chamber of Nationalities
(A) The Chamber of Nationalities shall be composed of an

equal number of representatives from various Member
States.
(B) The Member States of the Federal Union shall each send six
representatives to the Chamber of Nationalities.
Article 73. Election of Members of Chamber of

Nationalities
(A) In free and fair elections, the people eligible to vote, shall
directly elect by secret ballot, members of the Chamber of
Nationalities.
(B) A citizen intending to be a candidate in election for
membership in the Chamber of Nationalities, shall:
(1) Have attained the age of twenty-five years, on election
day;
(2) Have been a citizen of the Federal Union for at least ten
years;
(3) Be a resident of the State in which the candidate is seeking
election;
(4) Not be a citizen of two or more than two countries.
(C) The Legislature of each Member State shall provide by law
the place and manner of holding elections for members of
the Chamber of Nationalities.
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Article 74. Chairperson and Vice-chairperson of the

The members of the Chamber of Nationalities shall elect the

Chairperson and Vice-chairperson of the Chamber from among
their number. The Chairperson and Vice-chairperson shall not
be from the same state.
Article 75. Term of Office of Members of Chamber of

Nationalities
The term of office of member of the Chamber of Nationalities

shall be four years. Every two years, half the number of members
shall be elected for replacement.
Article 76. Regular Session of Chamber of Nationalities
(A) The President of the Federal Union shall convene the first
session of the Chamber of Nationalities within sixty days
after the each election.
(B) A regular session of the Chamber of Nationalities shall be
convened at least once a year.
(C) The Chairperson of the Chamber of Nationalities shall
convene the regular session of the Chamber of Nationalities.
(D) For the convening a regular session of the Chamber of
Nationalities, a public notice shall be issued thirty days, in
advance.
Article 77. Special or Emergency Sessions of Chamber of

Nationalities
(A) The Chairperson of the Chamber of Nationalities shall

convene a special or emergency session of the Chamber
when all members from two States of the Chamber of
Nationalities or one quarter of all of the members of the
Chamber of Nationalities so request.
(B) The Chairperson of the Chamber of Nationalities shall
convene a special or emergency session of the Chamber
when the Federal Prime Minister so requests.
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(C) For convening a special or emergency session of the Chamber

of Nationalities, a public notice shall be issued fifteen days,
in advance.
Article 78. Quorum for Meetings of Chamber of

Nationalities
(A) Attendance of more than half the members of the Chamber

of Nationalities shall form the quorum for a meeting.
(B) Only attendance of two thirds of members of the Chamber
of Nationalities shall form a quorum for voting purposes.
In the meeting attended by two thirds of members of the
Chamber of Nationalities, decision shall be made by a
majority vote. If there is a tie in the vote, the Speaker of the
Chamber of Nationalities shall cast the deciding vote.
Article 79. Power of Chairperson of Chamber of

Nationalities
The Chairperson of the Chamber of Nationalities shall have

the power to enforce rules of procedure over meetings of the
Chamber of Nationalities and supervise conduct of the members
for obedience to the rules. No one may enter the premises of
Chamber of the Nationalities to conduct a search or to arrest
any person, without permission of the Chairperson.
Article 80. Committees of the Chamber of Nationalities
Committees of the Chamber of Nationalities, including the

Foreign Affairs Committee, the Defense Affairs Committee,
Finance Committee and Committee on Commerce, shall be
composed of members of the Chamber of Nationalities.
Article 81. Rule and Procedure of Chamber of

Nationalities
The Chamber of Nationalities shall lay down its own rules of

procedure.
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Chamber of Peoples Representatives

Article 82. Composition of Chamber of Peoples
Representatives
The Chamber of Peoples Representatives shall be composed

of members elected by citizens through elections based on
proportion of the population.
Article 83. Electing Members of Chamber of Peoples

Representatives
(A) Members of the Chamber of Peoples Representatives shall

be directly elected in free and fair elections, with secret
ballots, by the people, who are eligible to vote.
(B) The number of representatives and the boundaries of their
constituencies shall be in accordance with the law enacted
and prescribed by Assembly of the Federal Union.
Article 84. Qualification of Representatives
Every citizen standing as a candidate in election for membership

in the Chamber of Peoples Representatives, shall:
(1) Be a citizen of the Federal Union who have attained the age
of twenty five years, on the election day;
(2) Have resided continuously, at least for 10 years, in the Federal
Union, in the case of a naturalized citizen;
(3) Not be a citizen of two or more countries.
Article 85. Chairperson and Vice-chairperson of Chamber

of Peoples Representatives
Members of the Chamber of Peoples Representatives shall elect

the Chairperson and vice-chairperson of the Chamber from
among their number.
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Article 86. Term of Members of Chamber of Peoples

Representatives
(A) The regular term of the Chamber of Peoples Representatives

is four years. The term of the Chamber shall be counted
from the day when the first meeting of it is held.
(B) The term for members of the Chamber of People
Representatives is the same as the term for the Chamber.
Article 87. Elections for Chamber of Peoples

Representatives
General elections to elect members to the Chamber of Peoples

Representatives for the next term shall be held at least sixty days
prior to the end of the regular term of the Chamber.
Article 88. Regular Session of Chamber of Peoples

Representatives
(A) The President of the Federal Union shall call for the convening
of the first session of Chamber of the Peoples
Representatives within sixty days after the general elections.
(B) Chamber of the Peoples Representatives shall convene a
regular session not less than once a year.
(C) The Chairperson of the Chamber of Peoples
Representatives shall convene the regular sessions of the
Chamber.
(D) Chamber of the Peoples Representatives shall issue public
notice at least thirty days prior to the convening of a regular
session.
Article 89. Special or Emergency Sessions of Chamber of

Peoples Representatives
(A) Chairperson of the Chamber of Peoples Representatives

shall convene a special or emergency session when:
(1) The Federal President so instructs; or
(2) The Federal Prime Minister so requests; or
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(3) One fourth of the Chamber of Peoples Representatives

members so request.
(B) The Chamber of Peoples Representatives shall issue public
notice at least fifteen days prior to convening a special or
emergency session.
Article 90. Quorum for meetings of Chamber of Peoples

Representatives
A meeting of the Chamber Peoples Representatives may be

held if more than 30 percent of the members are present.
However, for the purpose of voting, attendance of more than
half the number of all the members of the Chamber of Peoples
Representatives shall form the quorum. Decision shall be made
by majority vote. If, however, there is a tie in the vote, the Speaker
of the Chamber of Peoples Representatives shall cast the
deciding vote.
Article 91. Dissolving Chamber of Peoples

Representatives
(A) The Federal President, on recommendation of the Federal

Prime Minister, shall dissolve or prorogue the Chamber of
the Peoples Representatives.
Proviso: However, the Federal President may reject recommendation
of the Federal Prime Minister to dissolve the Chamber of Peoples
Representatives, when the reason for the recommendation is the
failure of the Prime Minister to receive support of the majority in
the Chamber, in a no-confidence motion. In such a situation, the
Federal President shall immediately call a meeting of the Chamber,
for the purpose of having the name of a new Prime Minister
submitted.
(B) When meeting of the Chamber of Peoples Representatives
is called under Paragraph (A) above, the name of a new
Federal Prime Minister shall be submitted within 15 days. If
the Chamber fails to do so, the Federal President shall dissolve
the Chamber of the Peoples Representatives.
(C) After the dissolution of the Chamber of Peoples
Representatives and before a government can be formed
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by holding new elections, the Federal President shall form

an interim Government and entrust it with the duty to govern
the Union during the interim period.
(D) Elections for new members of the Chamber of the Peoples
Representatives shall be held no later than sixty days after
dissolution of the Chamber.
Article 92. Powers of Chairperson of Chamber of Peoples

Representatives
The Chairperson of the Chamber of Peoples Representatives

shall have the power to enforce the rules of procedure over the
meetings of the Chamber and to supervise conduct of the
members for following the rules. No one shall enter the premises
of the Chamber of Peoples Representatives to conduct a search
or to arrest any person, without permission of the Chairperson.
Article 93. Investigative Commission
If one fourth of members of the Chamber of Peoples

Representatives request, the Chamber of Peoples Representatives
shall form an Investigative Commission.
The Chamber of Peoples Representatives shall enact rules and

regulations to provide for the mandate of the Investigative
Commission in accordance with the provisions relating to the
formation of the Commission prescribed by the Assembly of
the Federal Union.
Article 94. Formation of Affairs Committees
The Chamber of Peoples Representatives can form necessary

affairs committees including Foreign, Defense, Finance and
Commerce Affairs Committees, with members of the Chamber
of Peoples Representatives.
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Article 95. Rules of Procedure for Chamber of Peoples

Representatives
The Chamber of Peoples Representatives shall lay down its

own rules of procedure.
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Chapter (5)
Federal Legislation
Article 96. Introduction of Bills
(A) The Government of the Federal Union of Burma or any

member of either Chamber may introduce bills.
(B) Money bills shall be introduced only in the Chamber of
Peoples Representatives.
(C) Bills relating to natural resources shall be introduced only in
the Chamber of Nationalities.
Article 97. Adoption of Bills
(A) Except for the Federal Budget bill, all the bills introduced in
the Chamber of Peoples Representatives, on receiving more
than half of the votes, shall be sent to the Chamber of
Nationalities. Such a bill shall become law only if it receives
more than half of the votes of the Chamber of
Nationalities.
(B) A bill introduce in the Chamber of Nationalities, on receiving
more than half of the votes, shall be sent to the Chamber
of Peoples Representatives. Such a bill shall become law
only if it receives more than half of the votes in the Chamber
Article 98. Adoption of Annual Federal Budget Bill
The annual federal budget bill shall be introduced in the Chamber

of Peoples Representatives. If the bill receives a simple majority
vote in the Chamber of Peoples Representatives, it shall be
subsequently transferred to the Chamber of Nationalities. If the
Chamber of Nationalities adopt the bill within 21 days, by a
simple majority vote, it shall become law.
Article 99. Interim Budget Management
If Assembly of the Federal Union of Burma fails to adopt the

budget bill for the coming fiscal year of the Federal Government
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by the end of the current fiscal year, the Federal Government

may appropriate funds to make payment for ordinary expenses,
within the extent allowed in the previous budget for ordinary
expenses.
Article 100. Joint Committee
(A) If an entire bill or part of the bill passed by one Chamber

cannot be passed by the other Chamber, either one of the
Chambers or the Federal Government may request for the
formation of a Joint Committee in order to negotiate on
the bill.
(B) The Joint Committee shall consist of an equal number of
members from each Chamber.
(C) The Joint Committee shall dissolve automatically upon
completion of its tasks.
(D) When the Joint Committee fails to reach agreement on a
bill, the bill shall become a Dead Bill.
(E) If the Joint Committee agrees to any amendment of or
change in a bill, the bill shall be returned to the Chamber
where the bill originated. If that Chamber passes the bill as
amended or changed, then it shall be transferred to the other
Chamber and, if the other Chamber passes the bill as
amended or changed, then the bill shall become law.
(F) If a bill is circulated in accordance with Paragraph (E) of
this Article but fails to pass either Chamber in accordance
with the rules and procedure set out in Article 97, then the
bill shall become a Dead Bill.
Article 101. Dead Bill
Neither Chamber shall reintroduce a Dead Bill within two years

from the day it became a Dead Bill.
Article 102. Promulgation of Laws
Every bill passed by the Assembly of the Federal Union of

Burma must be signed and promulgated by the President of
the Federal Union of Burma within seven days. If the Federal
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President fails to sign and promulgate it within seven days after

the date of presentation, President shall be deemed to have signed
and promulgated it by the end of the seventh day.
Article 103. The Exclusive Legislative Powers of the

Federal Assembly
Assembly of the Federal Union shall have exclusive legislative

powers over the following matters:
(A) Defense and Security Matters -

(1) Defense and Security Forces;
(2) Federal Armed Forces;
(3) Federal Intelligence Forces;
(4) National Security Council;
(5) Federal Police;
(6) Producing, Selling, Importing and Exporting of
weaponry, ammunition and explosives; and
(7) Mandatory Military Service.
(B) Foreign Affairs Matters -

(1) International, Regional, Multilateral and Bilateral Treaties
and Agreements with other countries;
(2) Passports and Immigration;
(3) United Nations (UN) and Diplomatic Affairs.
(C) Economic and Finance Matters -

(1) Issue and distribution of currency notes and coins;
(2) Annual budget of the Federal Union;
(3) Regulations concerning international trade and commerce;
(4) Matters concerning international monetary organizations;
(5) Regulations concerning Customs Duties, Import and
Export Taxes;
(6) Federal Central Bank.
(D) Communication and Transportation Matters -

(1) Postal services and Telecommunications;
(2) Federal Radio and Television Broadcasting;
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(3) Federal highways, railways, airways, and costal and

waterways.
(E) Education Matters -

(1) Standards for Post-graduate Education and Private
Schools;
(2) Higher Science and Technical Education;
(3) Compulsory and Free Basic Education.
(F) Public Health and Social-Welfare Matters -

(1) Matters concerning Federal Health;
(2) Welfare of Children, Women, Disable Persons and
Elderly People;
(3) Rights of Children.
(G) Judicial Matters -

(1) Exclusive Jurisdiction of Federal Supreme Court;
(2) Elections to the Constitutional Courts Representatives;
(3) Establishing Federal Courts and Appointing Federal
Judges;
(4) Marriage, divorce and inheritance laws for people with
dissimilar traditions and customs.
(H) Federal Assembly and Chamber Affairs -

(1) Establishment of Commissions of Chamber of
Nationalities and Peoples Representative;
(2) Election for the Chamber of Peoples Representatives;
(3) Enquiry Commissions of the Chamber of Peoples
Representatives.
(I) Industrial and Labour -

(1) Standardizing weights and measures;
(2) Copyright, Intellectual Property Rights, Patents and
Trademarks;
(3) Standard of Working Hours, Wages, Holidays and
Leaves, and Safety Working Conditions.
(J) General Affairs -

(1) Political Party;
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(2) Establishment of New States;

(3) Establishment of Organization and Unions;
(4) Capital of Federal Union;
(5) Election to Federal President;
(6) Property Disclosure of Public Office Holders;
(7) Rules and Regulation relating to Overseas Citizens of
the Federal Union;
(8) Census;
(9) Citizenship and Naturalization;
(10)State of Emergency;
(11)Expression of Public Opinion Rule and Regulation;
(12)Truth and Reconciliation Commission.
Article 104. The Concurrent Legislative Powers
The Assembly of the Federal Union and the respective Member

States shall have concurrent legislative powers over the following
matters:
(1) Matters concerning taxes, including sale tax, business tax,

income tax, excise tax and port tax, within the Federal Union:
(2) Environmental protection;
(3) Narcotic and harmful drugs;
(4) Birth and death registration;
(5) Federal energy projects and large development projects
falling within the territory of the Member State;
(6) Exploitation, production and sale of aboveground and
underground natural resources within the territory of the
Member State;
(7) Matters concerning Investment by Foreign Governments
and Private Corporations in the Respective Member States;
(8) Regional radio and television broadcasting services;
(9) Banking and Insurance;
(10) Matters concerning transfer of Real Property;
(11) Regulations concerning universities and vocational
institutions;
(12) Rules and regulations of Interstate rivers and waterways,
Domestic sea and costal transportation;
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(13) Matters concerning refugees and political Asylum;

(14) Criminal laws and civil procedure codes;
(15) Civil service training courses;
(16) Regulations concerning workers and farmers.
Article 105. Decision of Constitutional Court
If a dispute arises due to legislation on a matter contained in the

list of Concurrent Legislative Powers, either by the Federal
Assembly or any member State or States, the decision of the
Constitutional Court in such a case shall be final and binding.
Article 106. Legislation by Federal Assembly on Matters

of Concurrent Legislative Powers
When and if a Member State enacts a law on a matter, contained

in the list of Concurrent Legislative Power, that may be injurious
to the interests of other States or citizens of other States, or to
the interests of the Federal Union to its entire extent, the Federal
Union shall enact law on the matter.
Article 107. Obtaining Joint Agreement
If the Assembly of Federal Union or the Assembly of any

Member State is enacting a law concerning extraction and
production of natural resources, marketing, foreign investment
and production of energy, the law shall come into force only
when it has obtained consent of the other.
Article 108. Legislative Powers of Member States
The legislatures of the Member States shall retain all legislative

powers not delegated exclusively or concurrently to the Assembly
of the Federal Union by this constitution.
Article 109. Supremacy of Federal Law
If a conflict arises between Federal law and State law, the Federal
law shall prevail.
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Chapter (6)
Federal President
Article 110. Head of State
The President of the Federal Union shall be the Head of State.
Article 111. Qualifications
(A) A candidate seeking election as the President of the Federal

Union shall:
(1) Be a citizen of the Federal Union;
(2) Have been born of parents both of whom are citizens
of the Federal Union;
(3) Have resided continuously in the Federal Union for over
ten years; and
(4) Have attained the age of 35 years, on the date on which
he/she registers as a candidate for the Presidency or
Vice Presidency.
(B) The Federal President or Vice President shall not be a
member of the Federal or a State Government or a member
of the Federal or a State Assembly. If the person elected as
President or Vice President holds such a position, he/she
shall be deemed to have resigned from that position once
elected as President or Vice President.
Article 112. Election Procedures
(A) The Federal Assembly shall elect the President and the Vice
President of the Federal Union from among candidates
nominated by the various State Legislative Assemblies.
(B) A person from one State having been elected as the Federal
President, no person from that State shall be eligible to be
the Federal President until three subsequent terms have
elapsed. No such restriction shall apply to the Vice Presidency.
(C) The Federal Assembly shall prescribe the practices and
procedures for election of the Federal President and Vice
President by law.
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Article 113. Term of Office
The term of office of the Federal President shall be five years

from the date he/she starts to assume official duties.
Article 114. Duties and Powers
(A) The President of the Federal Union shall be the Commander

in Chief of the Armed Forces. During a State of Emergency
the President shall fully exercise the powers of the
Commander in Chief of both Defense and Security Forces.
(B) The Federal President, in consultation with and with approval
of the Federal Government, shall have the power to declare
war against a foreign country or cessation of war.
(C) In execution of the powers provided in Paragraph (B) above,
the Federal President shall obtain endorsement of the Federal
Assembly in regular session or call an emergency session for
this purpose.
(D) The Federal President shall appoint the person, whose name
has been submitted by the Federal Assembly, as the Federal
Prime Minister.
(E) The Federal President shall appoint the persons, whose names
have been submitted by the Prime Minister, as Ministers of
the Federal Government.
(F) The Federal President shall appoint as Federal Attorney
General, the person approved by the Assembly of the
Federal Union.
(G) The Federal President shall appoint as Justices and Chief
Justice of the Federal Supreme Court, the persons approved
by the Assembly of the Federal Union.
(H) The Federal President shall appoint as Auditor General, the
person approved by the Assembly of the Federal Union.
(I) The Federal president shall appoint as Members of the
respective Commissions, the persons approved by the
Assembly of the Federal Union.
(J) On recommendation of the Prime Minister, the Federal
President shall receive resignation of a Federal Minister or
shall suspend him/her from his/her duties.
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(K) On advice of the Prime Minister, the Federal President shall

convene the Federal Assembly or dissolve it in accordance
with Article (91) of this Constitution.
(L) The Federal President shall sign and promulgate as federal
laws all bills approved or deemed to have been approved
by the Federal Assembly.
(M) The Federal President may intimate the Federal Assembly a
matter concerning the Federal Union or the people, or issues
of importance by correspondence or speech.
(N) The Federal President may deliver an address to the people
of the Federal Union, from time to time.
(O) In consultation with the Federal Government, the Federal
President may perform duties and responsibilities entrusted
to him/her concerning matters apart from the ones, which
are expressly provided for in this Constitution. However, it
shall not be in contradiction to the Constitution.
(P) The Federal President shall declare the State of Emergency
or the end of it.
(Q) The Federal President shall have the power to grant pardons.
Article 115. Duties and Powers of the Vice President
If the Federal President, on his/her own accord, hands over

his/her duties or becomes unable to continue to perform his/
her duties or is removed from office or dies before the
expiration of his/her term of office, the Federal Vice president
shall have the right to succeed his/her mandate and duties.
Article 116. Entitlement of the Federal President and Vice

President
The Federal President and Vice President shall be provided with

trappings and a residence. They shall also be entitled to a salary
and allowances prescribed by law.
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Article 117. Impeachment of the Federal President or Vice

President
(A) The Federal President may be impeached for any of the

following reasons. If the President:
(1) Commits high treason;
(2) Violates this Constitution;
(3) Commits gross misconduct.
(B) A motion to impeach the President, in accordance with
Paragraph (A) above, may be introduced in either Chamber
of the Federal Assembly. The impeachment inquiry may
proceed, only when more than half of the members of the
Chamber endorse the motion.
(C) The motion of impeachment of the Federal President passed
by one Chamber shall be examined by the other Chamber.
(D) After inquiry, if two thirds of the members of the Chamber
concerned confirm that the President has committed an
offense disqualifying him/her to retain the position of
presidency, then the motion shall be introduced in the Federal
Assembly.
(E) If the majority of members of the Federal Assembly endorse
the motion introduced in accordance with paragraph (D)
above, the Federal President shall be removed from office.
(F) Throughout the impeachment process, the Federal President
shall have the right to defend himself/herself, in person, or
through a representative.
(G) The provisions contained in this Article shall also apply to
the Vice President.
Article 118. Vacancy and Replacement
If the Federal President dies during his/her term of office or

becomes unable to continue to perform his/her duties or is
removed from office according to Article (116) of this
Constitution, the vacancy shall be filled as follows:
(A) The Vice President shall perform duties of the Federal
President until the expiration of the regular term of office
of the Federal President.
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(B) The Chairperson of the Chamber of Nationalities shall take

up duties as the Vice President.
(C) If further vacancy occurs during the regular term of the
President, new elections shall take place according to the
provisions of Article (112) of this Constitution.
Article 119. Immunities
No one shall initiate civil or criminal suit against the Federal

President and Vice President during their term of office for
acts undertaken or not undertaken within the scope of their
presidential duties.
Article 120. Prohibition
The President and the Vice President shall not hold any other
salaried office nor belong to management of an enterprise carried
on profit.
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Chapter (7)
Federal Government
Article 121. Composition
(A) The Federal Government of the Federal Union shall be

composed of Ministers led by the Prime Minister.
(B) The Ministers of the Federal Government shall be chosen
from among members of the Chamber of Peoples
Representatives.
(C) The Federal Government shall represent the Chamber of
the Peoples Representatives by group.
(D) The Prime Minister shall be responsible to the Federal
Government.
The term of office of the Federal Government shall be the

same as the term of office of the Chamber of Peoples
Representatives.
Article 123. Prime Minister
(A) The Federal President shall appoint as the Federal Prime

Minister the person chosen by members of the Chamber
(B) The Federal Prime Minister shall be the person receiving the
absolute majority vote of the Chamber of Peoples
Representatives.
(C) If no candidate secures the absolute majority vote within
fourteen-day period, the candidate who has secured the most
votes shall be submitted for appointment as the Federal Prime
Minister.
(D) The Federal President shall appoint or remove the persons,
proposed by the Prime Minister, as Deputy Prime Minister
and Ministers.
(E) Upon request by the Federal President, the Federal Prime
Minister shall remain in office until a successor has been chosen.
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Article 124. Deputy Prime Minister
The Federal Deputy Prime Minister shall have the right to perform
duties of the Federal Prime Minister, when the Federal Prime
Minister is incapable of performing his/her duties or by
permission of Federal Prime Minister.
Article 125. Replacement
When the office of Federal Prime Minister becomes vacant,

replacement shall take place as provided for in Article (123) of
this Constitution.
Article 126. No Confidence Motion
(A) A motion of no confidence against the Federal Government

or an individual Minister shall not be made during the
eighteen-month period after formation of the Government.
(B) If the absolute majority of the members of the Chamber
of Peoples Representatives endorse the no confidence
motion against the Government or an individual Minister,
then the Government or the individual Minister shall resign
from office.
(C) If the entire Government has to resign, the Federal President
shall appoint a new Federal Prime Minister, in accordance
with Article (91) of this Constitution.
Article 127. Resignation
(A) If the Prime Minister resigns from office, the Federal Ministers
shall also be deemed to have resigned from their respective
offices.
(B) A Minister of the Government may resign by handing over
his/her resignation letter for submission to the Federal
President, to the Prime Minister.
Article 128. Duties of the Government
(A) The Federal Government shall prepare the annual Federal Budget
and submit it to the Chamber of Peoples Representatives.
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(B) In a situation where the Federal Union is being attacked by

another country or if it is under threat of an attack, the
Government may take measures for the defense of the
Federation, with the approval of the Federal President. If
the Federal Assembly is not in session, the measures taken
shall be submitted to the nearest Federal Assembly meeting.
(C) In consultation with the Federal President, the Federal
Government may undertake measures on matters of
participation of the federal armed forces, in international
peacekeeping effort and in joint military exercises for raising
the capacity of them, in accordance with international or
bilateral agreements.
(D) All international agreements signed by the Federal
Government shall be submitted to the Assembly of the
Federal Union.
Article 129. Ministries
The Federal Government may form, as necessary, not more

than 30 ministries, including the ministries mentioned below.
(1) Ministry of Foreign Affairs

(2) Ministry of Defense
(3) Ministry of Finance and Planning
(4) Ministry of Home Affairs
(5) Ministry of Health
(6) Ministry of Education
(7) Ministry of Communication
(8) Ministry of Public Information
(9) Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry
(10) Ministry of Energy
(11) Ministry of Labor
(12) Ministry of Transportation
(13) Ministry of Commerce and Trade
(14) Ministry of Social Welfare
(15) Ministry of Justice
(16) Ministry of Environmental Conservation
(17) Ministry of Gender Equality
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(18) Ministry of Science and Technology

(19) Ministry of Mining
Article 130. Federal Attorney General
(A) The Prime Minister shall nominate a Federal Attorney General

to advise and represent the Federal Government in legal
matters. The Federal President shall appoint the Federal
Attorney General upon confirmation of the nomination by
the Federal Assembly.
(B) The Federal Attorney General shall not be a member of
Chamber of Nationalities or Chamber of Peoples
Representatives or a member of a State Government.
(C) The Federal Attorney General shall have the right to attend
sessions of the Federal Assembly and answer questions on
behalf of the government.
Article 131. Prohibition of Secondary Occupation
Neither a member of the Federal Government nor the Federal

Attorney General shall:
(A) Hold other salaried office; or
(B) Belong to management of an enterprise carried on profit.
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Chapter (8)
Federal Judiciary
Article 132. Judicial Power
The judicial power of the Federal Union of Burma shall be

vested in the courts. It shall be exercised in various levels of
courts instituted in accordance with the statutes, enacted by the
Federal Assembly, and the judiciary shall be an independent and
impartial system.
Article 133. Independence of the Judiciary
The judges shall independently adjudicate and subject only to

the law.
Article 134. Constitutional Court
(A) A Constitutional Court shall be established in order to resolve

constitutional disputes.
(B) The Constitutional Court shall be composed of the nine
Justices of the Supreme Court of the Federal Union of
Burma along with two representatives appointed by the
Chamber of Nationalities and two representatives appointed
by the Chamber of Peoples Representatives.
(C) The Assembly of the Federal Union of Burma shall enact
the law and procedure, providing for appointing the
members of Chamber of Nationalities and Chamber of
Peoples Representatives to the Constitutional Court.
Article 135. Institution of Federal Courts
(A) The Federal Supreme Court and its subordinate federal courts
shall be established for the exercise of the federal judicial
powers.
(B) The Federal Assembly shall enact laws for the establishment
and procedures of the Federal Courts.
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Article 136. Composition of the Federal Supreme Court
(A) The Supreme Court of the Federal Union shall be composed

of nine Justices.
(B) The Federal President shall appoint the Justices nominated
by the Federal Prime Minister and approved by the Federal
Assembly.
(C) The name of no member of the Federal Assembly shall be
submitted for position of the Federal Supreme Court.
(D) The Federal President shall appoint a person, as the Chief
Justice, selected by the Federal Supreme Court Justices, from
among themselves.
Article 137. Qualifications of Justices
Justices of the Federal Supreme Court shall be:

(A) Citizens of the Federal Union;
(B) Have attained the age of at least (45) years;
(C) Have at least ten years of experience in legal profession.
The term of office of a Judge shall expire:

(A) At their own request to the Federal President;
(B) When being permanently incapable to perform his/her
duties;
(C) Upon being found guilty of committing an act of gross
misconduct; or
(D) Upon attaining the age of (75) years.
Article 139. Location of the Federal Supreme Court
The office of the Federal Supreme Court shall be located in the

Capital of Federal Union. The Federal Supreme Court shall
have the right to sit in Federal Courts in the States and, when
necessary, elsewhere in the Federal Union.
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Article 140. Jurisdiction of the Federal Supreme Court
(A) Without prejudice to provisions of Article (134), the Federal

Courts shall have jurisdiction over the following matters:
(1) Disputes between the Member States;
(2) Disputes between citizens of one State and those of
another State;
(3) A petition to transfer a case from one States court to
another States court;
(4) Jurisdiction disputes between Member State courts;
(5) Disputes arising out of contracts between a foreign
companies and a domestic companies, a State
Government or the Federal Union; and
(6) Bankruptcy and insolvency.
(B) The Federal Supreme Court shall have the power to issue:
(1) Writ of Habeas Corpus
(2) Writ of Mandamus
(3) Writ of Prohibition
(4) Writ of Quo Warranto
(5) Writ of Certiorari
(C) The Federal Assembly shall provide the exclusive jurisdiction
of the Federal Supreme Court by law.
Article 141. Investigation
On request of the Federal Attorney General with regard to

Article 138 (B) or (C), an inquiry committee shall be formed
consisting of an equal number of representatives of the National
Assembly and the Peoples Assembly. The Federal Assembly shall
decide on the findings of the inquiry committee by vote.
Article 142. Appointment of Judges
(A) The Federal Prime Minister shall submit the names of Federal
Judges after consultation with Chief Justice of the Supreme
Court for the approval by Federal Assembly. The Federal
President shall appoint the Federal Judges approved by
Federal Assembly.
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(B) There shall be no discrimination on the ground of ethnicity,

religion, color, or gender in appointment of the Judges.
Article 143. Remuneration
The Judges shall receive remuneration in an amount to be

determined by the Federal Assembly.
Article 144. Prohibition to Have Second Occupation
Apart from their judicial work, the Federal Judges shall not:
(A) Hold any other salaried office or occupation;
(B) Hold a management position in an enterprise run on profit;
(C) Be members of any legislative body or of a government.
Article 145. Immunity
Federal Judges shall be immune from criminal or civil suits for

performing undertaken within the scope of their judicial duties
except for intentional infringement of the law.
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Chapter (9)
Citizenship
Article 146. Rights of Citizens
A Citizen of the Federal Union shall enjoy equally (all federal)

rights and immunities in all the Member States of the Federal
Union.
Article 147. Rights of State Citizens
In the case of a citizen moving from an original Member State
to another, shall be entitled to become a citizen of the new
Member State of residence, to vote and stand in elections for
public office, to the extent that the law of the new Member
State allows.
Article 148. Citizenship
(A) A citizen of any Member State of the Federal Union shall
be a citizen of the Federal Union.
(B) Every person, both of whose parents are citizens of the
Federal Union shall be a citizen of the Federal Union.
(C) Every person born in Federal Union one of whose parents
is a citizen of Federal Union shall be a citizen of the Federal
Union.
(D) Every person who is a citizen at the time of adoption of
this Constitution shall be a citizen of the Federal Union.
Proviso: Article 148(D), however, does not include those who
gained citizenship other than legal means prescribed by law.
Article 149. Restoration of Citizenship
(A) Every person whose citizenship was revoked before

adoption of this Constitution shall be given citizenship, if
he or she applies for it.
(B) Any person born overseas of parents one of whom is a
citizen of the Federal Union shall have the right to apply for
citizenship.
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Article 150. Naturalization of Aliens
(A) The aliens born in Burma before January 4, 1948 and residing
continuously in the country shall have the right to become a
citizen of the Federal Union, in accordance with provisions
of the law and procedure enacted by the Federal Assembly.
(B) The Federal Assembly shall enact a law concerning the
naturalization of aliens.
Article 151. Dual Citizenship
Any citizen of the Federal Union may become a citizen of another
country. The adoption of citizenship in another country shall
not automatically cause the revocation of his/her citizenship of
the Federal Union. Every citizen shall be allowed to retain dual
citizenship.
Article 152. Right to Vote as a Citizen
A citizen of the Federal Union who has migrated from one

Member State and resided in another Member State or another
country may vote in referendum and all elections concerning the
entire Federal Union.
Article 153. State Citizens Rights to Vote and Stand in

Election
A citizen has the right to vote or stand for public office in elections
only in his own respective State. That right shall not be exercised
in more than one State.
Article 154. State Citizenship
Legislatures of Member States of the Federal Union shall enact

laws concerning Member State citizenship.
Article 155. Citizens Abroad
The Federal Assembly shall enact laws prescribing the rights and
duties of citizens who are living abroad.
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Chapter (10)
Federal Defense and Security Forces
Article 156. Basic Principles Concerning Defense and

Security Forces
(A) The Armed Forces of the Federal Union are for the security
of the Federal Union and shall protect its citizens.
(B) The Armed Forces of the Federal Union shall maintain peace.
(C) Members of the Armed Forces of the Federal Union shall
respect and abide by this Constitution.
(D) No member of the Armed Forces of the Federal Union
shall be a member of any political party or owe allegiance
to any political party or any person.
(E) All the Member States of the Federal Union shall be
represented proportionally in the commission forming
armed forces for the defense and security of the Federal
Union.
(F) There shall be no discrimination in the Armed Forces of
the Federal Union on the basis of ethnicity, religion, race,
gender or sexual orientation.
Article 157. Defense and Security Forces of Federal Union

For matters of defense and security of the Federal Union, the
Assembly of the Federal Union may enact laws and establish
necessary defense forces and services and task them with the
duties in accordance with this Constitution.
Article 158. Basic Defense Principles of Federal Armed
Forces
The Federal Assembly shall lay down the basic principles
concerning the Federal Defense.
Article 159. Federal Armed Forces
(A) For the purpose of defending the Federal Union from external
aggression, a Federal Armed Forces shall be established.
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(B) The Federal President shall be Commander in Chief of the

Armed Forces.
(C) The Federal Prime Minister shall take responsibility and
perform in compliance with the basic principles of defense,
laid down by the Federal Assembly.
(D) Matters relating to daily work of the Federal Armed Forces
shall be under the supervision of the Defense Ministry.
(E) No person, who is in active service of the Federal Armed
Forces, shall be appointed as the Federal Defense Minister.
The Federal Defense minister shall be a civilian.
Article 160. Composition of Federal Armed Forces
(A) The Federal Armed Forces shall be composed of the Army,

Navy, and Air Force depending on necessity.
(B) The Federal Assembly shall enact laws concerning the
organization of the Federal Armed Forces.
Article 161. Civilian Control and Administration
The Federal Armed Forces shall be under civilian administration

and control, at all time.
Article 162. Command and Control During a State of

Emergency
In the time of a Sate of Emergency, the Federal President shall:

(A) Command and control the Federal Defense and Security
Forces including Federal Armed Forces, exercising the power
of Commander in Chief;
(B) Have the power to summon, mobilize and assign missions
to any unit of the defense and security forces, in consultation
with the Federal Government and State Governments, for
security of the Federal Union.
Article 163. Military Academies
Separate military academies shall be established for Army, Navy,
and Air Force of the Federal Armed Forces. Cadets from all of
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the Member States of the Federal Union, in the proportion of

each state, shall have the right to attend these academies.
Article 164. Civic Education in Military Training
At all levels of military training, in addition to military subjects

there shall be instructions on:
(A) Basic democratic practices and concepts on human rights;
(B) Basic concepts of civil administration, including Constitution
of the Federal Union.
Article 165. Mandatory Military Service
Every citizen of the Federal Union shall perform military service,

by law. The Federal Assembly shall enact law requiring every
citizen of mandatory military service.
Article 166. Federal Police
(A) The Federal Police Force shall be established in order to

maintain and protect national security (and law and order)
in the Federal Union.
(B) The Federal Police Force shall be maintained under civil
administration.
(C) The Federal Assembly shall enact law providing for
establishment of the Federal Police Force.
Article 167. Federal Intelligence Force
(A) For the security of the Federal Union, the Federal Intelligence
Force shall be established.
(B) The Federal Intelligence Force shall be maintained under civil
administration.
(C) The Federal Assembly shall enact law providing for
establishment of the Federal Intelligence Force.
Article 168. National Security Council
The Federal Assembly shall enact law providing for establishment

of the National Security Council.
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Chapter (11)
State of Emergency
Article 169. State of Emergency
A state of emergency may be proclaimed under any one of the

following circumstances:
(A) When there is external armed aggression against the federal
territory or sufficient reason to believe that there is a threat
of such aggression;
(B) When there is deterioration of peace, law and order, and
emergence of a state evidently threatening, effecting or
disturbing public security and harmony;
(C) When there is natural disaster resulting in widespread
destruction, injury or death, or there is enough reason to
believe that there is an impending threat of the same.
Article 170. Proclamation of State of Emergency
(A) The Federal President shall declare a State of Emergency

for the entire Union or part of the Union upon request by
the Federal Government in relation to situations stipulated
under Article 169(A) and (C).
(B) The Federal President may declare a State of Emergency for
the entire Union or part of the Union upon request by the
Federal Government in relation to situations stipulated under
Article 169 (B)
(C) If the proclamation of the State of Emergency relates to
Article 169 (A) and (B), the Federal Prime Minister shall
submit the matter to the nearest meeting of the Chamber
of Peoples Representatives or convene an emergency
meeting of it and obtain its approval. If the Chamber of
Peoples Representatives does not approve the declaration
of State of Emergency, it shall become void.
(D) If the proclamation of the state of emergency took place
during the period when the Chamber of Peoples Assembly
has been dissolved, upon submitting by Federal Prime
135
k ajccHOya' ('kw,
d rl-urf;)
Minister, the Federal President shall obtain approval from

the nearest meeting of the Chamber of Nationalities or
convene an emergency meeting of it, to obtain approval.
Article 171. Duration of a State of Emergency
(A) Taking into consideration what has given rise to the need
for the declaration of the State of Emergency, the duration
for the State of Emergency can be set as follows.
(1) If a State of Emergency is declared under the provision
stipulated in Article 169 (A), the duration of the
emergency can be up to three months.
(2) If in accordance with the provision under Article 169
(B), a State of Emergency is declared, the duration can
be up to one month.
(3) If a State of Emergency is declared under the provision
stipulated in Article 169 (C), the duration can be up to
six months.
(B) If there is a need for further extension of the state of
emergency, any extension that does not exceed the duration
provided for in 171 (A), can be made only with the approval
of the Assembly of the Peoples Representatives. No
extension shall be valid if it does not receive the approval
of the majority in the Chamber of the Peoples
Representatives.
(C) If the need for extension of the State of Emergency
coincides with the time parliament is dissolved, the Federal
Prime Minister shall report to the President and get approval
from the nearest meeting of the Chamber of Nationalities,
or convene an emergency meeting of the Chamber of
Nationalities. If more than half of the members in the
Chamber of Nationalities do not approve, further extension
of the duration of the state of emergency shall be rendered
void.
136
Article 172. Powers and Duties
(A) When the Federal President proclaims a State of Emergency

under Article 169 (A), he/she shall:
(1) Exercise the powers of Commander in Chief and
command the Defense and Security Forces;
(2) Have the right, for the security of the Federation, to
summon, mobilize and give assignments to or withdraw
them from any of the defense or security forces, in
consultation with the Federal and State Governments.
(B) When the Federal President proclaims a State of Emergency
under Article 169 (B), the Federal Government shall have
the power to mobilize the State Security Forces and send
directives to the State Governments.
(C) When the Federal President proclaims a State of Emergency
under Article 169 (C), the Federal Government shall:
(1) Have the power to mobilize the State Security Forces
and send directives to the State Governments.
(2) Have power to deploy the Federal Armed Forces, with
limit, only when the State Security Forces are not adequate
to respond to the emergency;
(D) Report all the activities of the Federal Government, during
the State of Emergency period, to the nearest meetings of
the Chamber of Peoples Representatives and the Federal
Assembly.
Article 173. Judicial Review
The Constitutional Court vested with powers in accordance with
this Constitution may examine and decide constitutionality of:
(A) Proclamation of a State of Emergency;
(B) Extension of duration of a State of Emergency;
(C) Any law or other action under a State of Emergency.
Article 174. Judiciary during a State of Emergency
During the period of any kind of state of emergency, the judicial
power shall remain in the courts. Only the judges appointed
under the existing laws shall exercise the judicial power.
137
k ajccHOya' ('kw,
d rl-urf;)
Article 175. Irrevocable Rights
As a consequence of declaration of a State of Emergency, no

law enacted or any action shall encroach upon the human dignity
or right to life of any citizen, including the rights contained in
Articles (11) and (12), Chapter 2.
Article 176. Law Enacted during a State of Emergency
Following the declaration of a State of Emergency, the Federal

Assembly shall enact laws as necessary in compliance of
Irrevocable Rights contained in Article (175) to limit actions of
individuals or the right to property ownership.
Article 177. Termination of a State of Emergency
(A) A State of Emergency shall be terminated when its stipulated

duration expires; or when the Federal President chooses to
end the duration; or if a Chamber does not approve it.
(B) Termination of a State of Emergency shall be declared
officially and publication of it in the Government Gazette.
138
Chapter (12)
General Provisions
Article 178. Flag of the Federal Union of Burma
The flag of the Federal Union of Burma shall be . . .
Article 179. Seal of the Federal Union
The seal of the Federal Union shall be . . .
Article 180. Seal of the Federal Offices
The seals of the federal offices shall be . . .
Article 181. National Anthem
The National Anthem of the Federal Union of Burma shall

be....
Article 182. Capital of the Federal Union
The Capital of the Federal Union shall be Maha (Greater)

Rangoon. The seat of the Federal Government shall be Federal
Territory. The Federal Assembly shall enact law with provisions
in detail for the Federal Capital.
Article 183. Official Languages
(A) Burmese and English languages shall be the official languages

(B) In the various Member States, the national languages of the
respective States may be designated as the official language.
Article 184. Oath Taking
Upon appointment and confirmation, the following officials

of the Federal Union shall take oath of office, immediately, in
accordance with a designated form at their respective
departments.
139
k ajccHOya' ('kw,
d rl-urf;)
(A) The President

(B) The Prime Minister
(C) The Government Ministers
(D)The Federal Attorney General
(E) The Justices of the Federal Supreme Court
(F) The Auditor General
Article 185. Commissions
(A) The Federal Assembly shall enact laws for the establishment
the following independent commissions:
(1) The Human Rights Commission
(2) The Commission for Gender Equality
(3) The Commission for Investigation and Eradication of
Corruption
(4) The Civil Service Commission
(5) The Election Commission
(6) The Environmental Protection Commission
(7) The Commission for Protection of Child Rights
(8) The Commission for Protection of Minorities
(B) The Federal Assembly shall enact law to provide for the
duties to be performed by the Commissions mentioned
above.
(C) The Federal Assembly shall have the power to create
additional Commissions and entrust them with duties.
Article 186. Human Rights Commission
(A) The Federal President shall appoint as members of the

Human Rights Commission the eleven persons whose names
have been submitted by the Chamber of Nationalities and
adopted by the Federal Assembly.
(B) The Commission shall have the right to freely investigate
cases of human rights violations, on its own accord, or on
receiving a report.
(C) The Human Rights Commission shall report its activities and
findings to the Federal Assembly.
140
Article 187. Election Commission
The Federal President shall appoint eleven persons whose names

have been submitted by the Chamber of Nationalities and
approved by the Assembly of the Federal Union, as members
of the Election Commission.
Article 188. Truth and Reconciliation Commission
(A) To enable investigations into the injuries suffered by citizens

at the hands of the authorities at various levels prior to the
adoption of this constitution, a Truth and Reconciliation
Commission shall be established.
(B) The Assembly of the Federal Union shall enact laws
governing the establishment of the Truth and Reconciliation
Commission, its term, responsibilities and mandate.
(C) The Commission shall be formed with an equal number of
male and female members.
(D) The Assembly of the Federal Union shall make law to
facilitate the work aimed at remedying the injuries suffered
during the transitional period.
Article 189. International Treaties
(A) If the Federal Assembly fails to approve an agreement that

needs legislation for successful implementation of it, the
agreement shall not be valid.
Proviso: This Article 189 (A) shall not apply to agreements between
governments relating to technological and management matters.
(B) The Federal Assembly shall decide whether it is technological
and management matters or not.
(C) If the Federal Assembly does not ratify an international
agreement, it shall not become part of the law of the Federal
Union.
Article 190. Conducting Census
(A) The Chamber of Peoples Representatives shall form a

Commission for the Census and entrust it with duties.
141
k ajccHOya' ('kw,
d rl-urf;)
(B) The Census shall be conducted at least once in every ten

years.
Article 191. Property Disclosure
(A) As a duty, a holder of political office shall disclose all cash

and assets owned by him/ her.
(B) The Federal and the State legislatures shall enact law concerning
Article 191 (A) mentioned above.
Article 192. Auditor General
With approval of the Federal assembly, the Federal President

shall appoint the person submitted by the Prime Minister as the
Auditor General. He/She shall have the independence to audit
all the Federal Governments accounts. The Auditor General shall
report his/her findings to the Federal Government and the
Federal Assembly.
Article 193. Federal Central Bank
(A) The Federal Assembly shall enact law to establish an
independent Federal Central Bank for the management and
control of financial matters of the Federal Union.
(B) The Federal Bank shall be responsible for the stability of the
value of the federal currency.
(C) The Federal Bank shall issue uniform federal currency notes
and coins.
Article 194. Expression of Public Opinion
(A) Any citizen may submit his/her opinion or advice, individually
or collectively, in writing with signature, to any authority or
legislative chamber.
(B) The Federal Assembly shall enact law concerning Article 194
(A) mentioned above.
142
Article 195. Reserved Territories (Native Title)
(A) An area or part of an area, belonging traditionally to a

particular indigenous minority group in a Member State of
the Federal Union, may be reserved as a territory for that
group.
(B) Such reserved territories shall be set up in accordance with
provisions of the law enacted by the State Assemblies.
Article 196. Extradition
After commission of an offense in one Member State, an accused

who has fled and been arrested in another State, shall be extradited
on the request by the State, concerned, for extradition. However,
the State seeking extradition shall not force the other State on
the matter.
143
k ajccHOya' ('kw,
d rl-urf;)
Chapter (13)
Transitional Provisions
Article 197. Existing Laws
(A) Until and unless they are repealed or amended by the

Assembly of the Federal Union, all existing laws and rules,
as long as they do not contradict this Constitution, shall
remain in force.
(B) Until they are repealed or amended by the Assembly of the
Federal Union, all existing rules and regulations, decrees,
directives and procedures, as long as they do not contradict
this Constitution, shall remain in force.
Article 198. Existing Courts
The different levels of courts shall continue to exercise the judicial

powers, until the time when a judicial system shall have been
established, in accordance with this Constitution.
Article 199. Civil Service
All those who have been serving in the government service,

before this Constitution has been adopted, shall continue to serve
in their current positions.
Article 200. International Agreements and Conventions
(A) Except those made in accordance with the international laws,

agreements and conventions to which Burma has acceded
before the adoption of this Constitution, shall be reviewed
by the Federal Government and transmitted to the Federal
Assembly for further action.
(B) Only agreements and conventions that received further
approval of the Assembly of the Federal Union shall
continue to be valid.
144
Article 201. Census Enumeration
A Provisional Census Commission shall be formed, for

enumeration of census at the earliest date possible.
Article 202. Formation of States, Autonomous Regions,

National Areas and Federal Territories
(A) For the formation of the Federal Union with National States,
Nationalities States, and Federal Territories as provided for
under Article (48) and (49) in Chapter (3) of this Constitution,
consultation shall be made among the various nationalities
(B) For the formational of Autonomous Regions and National
Areas as provided for under Article (53) in Chapter (3) of
this Constitution, consultation shall be made among the
various nationalities living in the respective States.
(C) To elicit the true will of the nationalities, an Enquiry
Commission shall be formed where necessary and tasked it
with duties for this purpose.
(D) According to findings of the Enquiry Commission, if the
majority of the people in that area have the desire, it shall be
provided for in the Constitution.
145
k ajccHOya' ('kw,
d rl-urf;)
Chapter (14)
Amendment of the Constitution
Article 203. Amending the Constitution
(A) The Federal Assembly may amend the Constitution by a

specific bill or by addition of a provision to an Article;
(B) With respect to the following matters, the Constitution may
be amended only through a national referendum:
(1) Name of the Federal Union, as provided for in Article
(1);
(2) Political powers of the Member States, as provided for
in Article (2);
(3) Sovereign power of the Federal Union, as provided
for in Article (5);
(4) Legal territory of the Federal Union, as provided for in
Article (8);
(5) Multi-party democratic system, as provided for in Article
(9);
(6) Member States in the Federal Union, as provided for in
Articles (48);
(7) Organization of the Federal Assembly, as provided for
in Article (60);
(8) Organization of the Federal Government, as provided
for in Article 121(A).
(C) The Assembly of the Federal Union may amend provisions
not specified in Article 203(B) if two thirds of the Member
States of the Federal Union are in favor of their amendments.
Article 204. Adoption of Amendment to Constitution
Adoption of the amendment bill may be effected through the

following procedures:
(1) Bill to amend the Constitution may be introduced in either

the Chamber of Nationalities or the Chamber of Peoples
Representatives, with the support of at least one third of
the members of the Chamber or by the Member States
146
through the Chamber of Nationalities or by the citizens

through the members of the Chamber of Peoples
Representatives.
(2) The amendment bill shall be transmitted to Member States,
the Federal Government and the other Chamber, for
comment.
(3) The Federal Government and the Member States shall send
their comments to the Federal Assembly within forty five
days, after receipt of the amendment bill. The originating
Chamber may accept or reject such comments by a majority
vote.
(4) If approval by at least two thirds of the members in each
Chambers of the Assembly of the Federal Union is obtained
in connection with Article 203 (B), the bill must be sent to
the Assemblies of the States. If two thirds of the Member
States of the Federal Union approve the amendment, a
national referendum shall be held. The amendment shall
become law if more than half of the eligible voters vote
for it.
(5) If the proposed amendment concerns matters specified in
Article 203 (C), it shall become part of the Constitution, if
at least two thirds of the members of each Chamber of
the Federal Assembly, two thirds of the Member States and
a majority of the citizens voting in a national referendum
vote for it.
(6) If amendment is approved in accordance with the
procedure prescribed in Article 204 (4) and (5) above, the
Federal President shall promulgate the amendment in
accordance with Article 114 (L).
147

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