Assignment 2 You are the Project engineer in charge for the construction of a new township comprising of 30 blocks of 20 story

apartments, 20 blocks of 2 storey-linked houses and 10 blocks of single storey terrace house. Among the important facilities to be provided are the provision of water supply and rubbish disposal system to that township. The project site is located on a hilly terrain. Discuss the type of water supply and rubbish disposal system which you will propose to your company management, giving your explanation for your proposal.

Water Supply System Tanks are placed in an enclosed space, there would sufficient clearance at top so that man hole at top can be opened and the tank serviced. Building Code compliance document G12/AS1 sets out Acceptable Solution for flow rates and pipe sizes. Pipes must be sized to achieve flow rates set out in accordance with Table A (See table) Bath Sink: standard tap Sink: aerated tap Laundry tub Dishwasher and washing machine Adapted from G12/AS1 Table WC cistern, basin and shower 0.30 0.12 0.10 0.12 0.20 18 7 6 7 12 0.10 6 Acceptable flow rates for fixtures and appliances Fixture Flow rate (l/s) Flow rate (l/min)

High rise building Indirect water supply system is much recommended in high rise buildings. Water supply for ground floor apartments can be easily installed in the traditional manner as used for houses and should pose few problems. Upper floors apartments need greater care to find the most suitable routing and can be more problematical. To ensure practical access can be maintained and to make sure individual properties do not reduce the water quality, pipe routes should be through communal areas such as corridors and stair wells. This will ensure no one occupier can unduly influence the quality or supply of water provided for other occupiers. Where a single common water supply system is used to serve all apartments additional requirements apply. Each apartment connection from the common supply must have an individual communal stop valve accessible to all occupiers. This should be in an area outside of the individual apartment. In addition, each apartment supply must also have zone protection using a double check valve. This is best located immediately after the communal stop valve and is needed to prevent cross supply between apartments.

Double storey building Indirect water supply system is recommended for this building. The Building Code requires that sanitary fixtures and appliances have adequate water supply at an adequate flow rate. So an indirect water supply system will be suitable. As with water pressure, flow rates are crucial. A flow rate that is too high will result in water being wasted, whereas a flow rate that is too low will mean that sanitary fixtures and appliances do not work properly. A flow regulator can be used to maintain a constant flow, independent of water pressure. Regulating flow allows a simpler design and minimum pipe sizes as peak flow rates can be specified accurately and can also reduce noise, splashing taps, and water hammer rapture and flow are likely to remain more stable if a flow regulator is used.

Single storey building Direct water supply is very suitable for the single storey house because it is much cheaper than indirect water supply system. Purely because less pipe work is needed and if at all, this type of house will only need will only need a small 110L storage cistern in the roof space. It also provides potable water from all draw off points because all are mains fed. There will also be a good level of pressure in the system.

Waste Disposal System A landfill is recommended as a site for the disposal of waste materials by burial. However in order to reduce space, wastes are confined to as small an area as possible, compacted to reduce their volume, covered with layers of soil. During landfill operations the waste collection vehicles are weighed at a weighbridge on arrival and their load is inspected for wastes that do not accord with the landfills waste acceptance criteria. Then, the waste collection vehicles use the existing road network on their way to the tipping face or working front where they unload their contents. After loads are deposited, compactors or bulldozers are used to spread and compact the waste on the working face. Before leaving the landfill boundaries, the waste collection vehicles pass through a wheel cleaning facility. If necessary, they return to the weighbridge in order to be weighed without their load. Through the weighing process, the daily incoming waste tonnage can be calculated and listed in databases for record keeping. In addition to trucks, some landfills may be equipped to handle railroad containers. The use of 'rail-haul' permits landfills to be located at more remote sites, without the problems associated with many truck trips. However, recycling facilities are recommended in order to reduce waste. Recycling facility a.k.a. waste sorting center operates at store yard to reduce the waste to the landfill. This facility can recycle nearly 50 % of all the waste being thrown by our customer. Its proven processes and technologies are able to recover recyclable materials such as paper, plastics, metals, glass woods, and fresh and rotten foods. Unlike many roadside recyclers who place their residue in open dumps, this facility properly recycle part of the waste.

References

http://webcache.googleusercontent.com/search?q=cache:http://www.level.org.nz/water/watersupply/system-layout-and-pipework/ http://webcache.googleusercontent.com/search?q=cache:http://www.wsd.gov.hk/filemanager/en/ content_150/HBonPIB.pdf http://www.practicaldiy.com/plumbing/water-supply/indirect-water-supply.php http://webcache.googleusercontent.com/search?q=cache:http://www.anglianwater.co.uk/_assets/ media/Design_Considerations_for_water_supplies_in_apartment_buildings_and_flats.pdf#4 https://forum.lowyat.net/topic/2417515/all http://www.bigtreewaste.com/RecyclingFacility.htm