National Institute of Technology Meghalaya Communication System (EC 208)/EC 326

End Semester Supplementary Examination, 4th Semester CSE, 6th Semester EEE, 2013 Full Marks: 100 Time: 3 Hour The entire questions are compulsory. Any required data not explicitly given may be suitably assumed and stated
1. (a)What is modulation ?what are the needs of modulation ? (b)What should be the minimum value of Vc for demodulating the AM signal given by the equation, VAM(t)= Vccosct + 3cosct cosmt using envelope detector. (c)When does the over modulation occurs? What is its drawback? (6+2+2) Define FM and PM and derive expressions for these signals under (i) Narrowband case. (ii) Wideband case.

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(1+1+3+5)

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(a) Explain the concept of instantaneous frequency, frequency deviation, modulation index and bandwidth in an FM system. (1+1+1+1) (b)Describe the principles of a PLL frequency demodulator. (mathematical expressions only). (6) (a) Write short notes on FM stereo multiplexing. (4) (b) The sequence 101101011 is used to modulate a band pass carrier. Sketch the three cases of binary ASK, FSK and PSK. (6) Show the waveforms for the binary words 10110010, for the following Line Codes: (a) Uniform Non Return to Zero (UNRZ) code (b) Binary Non Return to Zero (BNRZ) code (c) Polar Return to Zero (PRZ) code (d) Bipolar Return to Zero (BRZ) (e) Manchester Code (f) Differential Manchester Code (i) Specify the Nyquist rate and Nyquist interval for each of the following signals: ( ) (a) ( ) ( ) (b) ( ) ( ) ( ) (c) ( ) (26=12)

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(3)

(ii). What is the difference between PAM and PCM? How is the quantization noise produced in PCM? (3) (iii). Name the digital modulation schemes. Explain the way the carrier is changed in each case. (3) (iv). Explain how a QPSK signal may be generated. (3) 7. (i). State and prove the sampling theorem. What is Nyquist rate? (4+2=6) (ii). Explain with diagram, how DM signals are generated and the modulating signal is recovered from a DM wave. (3+3=6) (i). Explain with diagram and mathematical expressions, modulation and demodulation process of PCM. (ii). Explain with diagram and mathematical expressions, modulation and demodulation process of BPSK. (iii). Explain with diagram and mathematical expressions, modulation and demodulation process of ADM. (5+4+4=13) (i) Explain light propagation mechanism in an optical fiber. (2+5+23+2=15)

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National Institute of Technology Meghalaya

(ii) Draw well labelled block diagram of optical fiber communication link & explain its basic blocks. (iii) Write short notes on: i) Hetero structure ELED (edge emitting LED) ii) Stimulated emission to produce coherent light iii) Principle of avalanche photodiode (iv) If the core layer of an optical fiber is made from silica with a refractive index of 1.45 and if refractive index of the cladding layer is 1% less than that of the core, calculate i) ii) iii) Cladding layer refractive index Critical angle Numerical aperture.