Joint warfare is a military doctrine which places priority on the integration of the various service branches of a state's armed

forces into one unified command. Joint warfare is in essence a form of combined arms warfare on a larger, national scale, in which complementary forces from a state'sarmy, navy, air, and special forces are meant to work together in joint operations, rather than planning and executing military operations separate from each other. Military operations conducted by armed forces from two or more allied countries are also sometimes referred to as combined operations. A Visiting Forces Agreement (VFA) is an agreement between a country and a foreign nation having military forces visiting in that country. Visiting forces agreements are similar in intent to Status Forces Agreements (SOFAs). A VFA typically covers forces visiting temporarily, while a SOFA typically covers forces based in the host nation as well as visiting forces. A status of forces agreement (SOFA) is an agreement between a host country and a foreign nation stationing military forces in that country. SOFAs are often included, along with other types of military agreements, as part of a comprehensive security arrangement. A SOFA does not constitute a security arrangement; it establishes the rights and privileges of foreign personnel present in a host country in support of the larger security arrangement Military occupation is effective provisional control of a certain power over a territory which is not under [2][3][4] the formal sovereignty of that entity, without the volition of the actual sovereign. The intended temporary nature of occupation, when no claim for permanent sovereignty is made by the occupying [5][2] entity, distinguishes occupation from annexation. Annexation (Latin ad, to, and nexus, joining) is the permanent acquisition and incorporation of some territorial entity into another geo-political entity (either adjacent or non-contiguous). A Mutual Defense Treaty is an international agreement obligating the signatories to come to each other's defense in circumstances laid out in the terms of the treaty. Depending on the wording, they may be for actual defense, or a euphemism that is also suited for aggressive use. Mutual defense treaties may be bilateral or multilateral. *all taken from Wikipedia
[1]

of

Countries with US Military Forces deployed1

*Countries with less than 75 personnel deployed are omitted and lists are ranked from highest number of deployed personnel to lowest. *Troop count, as of December 31, 2012 IN A COMBAT ZONE Afghanistan 63,000 Africa and Middle East 1. Kuwait around 15,000 personnel 2 2. Bahrain 2,902 3. Qatar - 800 a. Pursuant to a defense cooperation agreement i. Following joint military operations during Operation Desert Storm in 1991,
Qatar and the United States concluded a Defense Cooperation Agreement that has been subsequently expanded. In April 2003, the U.S. Combat Air Operations Center for the Middle East moved from Prince Sultan Air Basein Saudi Arabia to Qatars Al Udeid Air Base south of Doha, the Qatari capital.

4. Diego Garcia - 516 5. Egypt - 292 a. Pursuant to 1979 Egypt-Israel Peace Treaty i. On 18 May 1981, the President of the UN Security Council indicated that the
United Nations would be unable to provide an observation force, due to the threat of a veto of the motion by the Soviet Union. As a result of the impasse, Egypt, Israel and the United States opened negotiations to set up a peacekeeping organization outside the framework of the UN. On 3 August 1981, the Protocol to the Treaty of Peace was signed, establishing the Multinational Force and Observers. This observation force monitors both parties to ensure compliance with the treaty. 1. The Multinational Force and Observers (MFO) is an international peacekeeping force overseeing the terms of the peace treaty between Egypt and Israel. 2. US is one of the states that are involved here ii. The main features of the treaty were mutual recognition, cessation of the state of war that had existed since the 1948 ArabIsraeli War, normalization of relations and the complete withdrawal by Israel of its armed forces and civilians from the Sinai Peninsula which Israel had captured during the Six-Day War in 1967. Egypt agreed to leave the area demilitarized. The agreement also provided for the free passage of Israeli ships through the Suez Canal, and recognition of the Strait of Tiran and the Gulf of Aqaba as international waterways.

6. 7. 8. 9.

Saudi Arabia - 278 United Arab Emirates - 193 Djibouti - 139 Jordan 100-200

Total Military Personnel and Dependent End Strength By Service, Regional Area, and Country". United States Department of Defense. December 31, 2012.
2

http://rt.com/usa/news/us-troops-kuwait-iran-741/

Asia-Pacific 1. Japan 52, 692 a. The Treaty of Mutual Cooperation and Security between the United States and Japan ( Nippon-koku
to Amerika-gasshkoku to no Aida no Sgo Kyryoku oyobi Anzen Hosh Jyaku ?) was signed between the United States and Japan in Washington, D.C. on January 19, 1960. The treaty established that any attack against Japan or the United States perpetrated within Japanese territorial administration would be dangerous to the respective countries' own peace and safety. It requires both countries to act to meet the common danger. To support this requirement, it provided for the continued presence of U.S. military bases in Japan. The treaty also included general provisions on the further development of 3 international cooperation and on improved future economic cooperation. b. According to a 2007 Okinawa Times poll, 73.4% of Japanese citizens appreciated the 4 mutual security treaty with the U.S. and the presence of the USFJ

2. South Korea 28,500 a. Pursuant to a Mutual Defense Treaty Between the United States and the Republic of
Korea enacted and approved in 1953

i. Still very active, Kunsan and Osan Air bases

ii. United States Forces Korea 1. With 28,500 American soldiers, sailors, airmen, and Marines in South Korea, U.S. forces in South Korea are a forward presence in the region and a key manifestation of the U.S. governments rebalance toward the Asia-Pacific. Given the threat that North Korea poses to South Korea and the region, the USFK mission also includes planning noncombatant evacuation operations to ensure that if the need arises, U.S. and other previously agreed upon countries citizens are removed from harms way. To this end, USFK conducts routine exercises to ensure that this process is effective, efficient, and orderly.

3. Australia - 183 a. Pursuant to Australia New Zealand United States Security Treaty or ANZUS
i. The treaty was previously a full three-way defence pact, but following a dispute between New Zealand and the United States in 1984 over visiting rights for nuclear-armed or nuclear-powered ships of the US Navy to New Zealand ports, became between Australia and New Zealand and between Australia and the United States. The treaty may have lapsed between the United States and New Zealand, although it remains separately in force between both those countries and Australia. In 2012 the United States opened its ports to New Zealand's military once again. ii. The AustraliaUS alliance under the ANZUS Treaty remains in full force. Heads of defence of one or both nations often have joined the annual ministerial meetings, which are supplemented by consultations between the US Combatant Commander Pacific and the Australian Chief of Defence Force. There are also regular civilian and military consultations between the two governments at lower levels. iii. Unlike NATO, ANZUS has no integrated defence structure or dedicated forces. Nevertheless, Australia and the United States conduct a variety of joint activities. These include military exercises ranging from naval and landing exercises at the task-group level to battalion-level special forces training, assigning officers to each other's armed services, and standardising equipment and operational doctrine. The two countries also operate several joint defence facilities in
3 4

http://afe.easia.columbia.edu/ps/japan/mutual_cooperation_treaty.pdf http://www8.cao.go.jp/survey/h14/h14-bouei/2-6.html

Australia, mainly ground stations for early warning satellites, and signals intelligence gathering in south-east Asia and East Asia as part of the ECHELON network.

4. Singapore 180 a. Pursuant to US-Singapore Strategic Framework Agreement i. Singapore has long standing military relations with the United States. The United
States sells arms to Singapore and provides access to its bases to train the Singaporean armed services outside of their small city-state. Under the USSingapore Strategic Framework Agreement, some US Navy littoral combat ships are based in Singapore.

5. Philippines - 131
a. Pursuant to 1951 Mutual Defense Treaty i. Philippines United States relations are bilateral relations between the Republic of the Philippines and the United States. ii. As one of the oldest Asian partners and closest strategic major non-NATO allies of the United States, the Philippines has consistently been the most proAmerican nation in the world, with 90% of Filipinos viewing the U.S. and 91% viewing Americans favorably in 2002, and 90% of Filipinos viewing U.S. 5 influence positively in 2011.

6. Thailand 114 a. As part of their mutual defense cooperation over the last decade, Thailand and the
United States have developed a vigorous joint military exercise program, which engages all the services of each nation and averages 40 joint exercises per year.

Europe -All in pursuant to NATO agreements 1. Germany 45,956 2. Italy 10,916 3. United Kingdom 9,310 4. Spain 1,600 5. Turkey 1,491 6. Belgium 1.165 7. Portugal - 713 8. Netherlands - 374 9. Greece - 361 10. Norway - 90

http://www.worldpublicopinion.org/pipa/pdf/mar11/BBCEvalsUS_Mar11_rpt.pdf

Western Hemisphere 1. Cuba - 988 a. Pursuant to 1934 Treaty of Relations6

i. The US first seized Guantanamo Bay and established a naval base there in 1898 during the Spanish-American War. In 1903, the US and Cuba signed a lease granting the US permission to use the land as a coaling and naval station. The lease satisfied the Platt Amendment; this amendment stated a naval base at "certain specific points agreed upon by the President of the United States" was needed to "enable the United States to maintain independence of Cuba." The US and Cuba signed a treaty in 1934, granting the US a perpetual lease; private enterprise is not allowed under the treaty. Both the US and Cuba must agree on 7 any termination of the lease.

2. Honduras - 388 3. Canada - 146 a. NATO 4. Greenland - 138 The following countries have been designated as major non-NATO allies of the United States (in order of their appointment): Australia (1989) Egypt (1989) Israel (1989) Japan (1989 South Korea (1989) Jordan (1996) New Zealand (1997) Argentina (1998) Bahrain (2002) Philippines (2003) Thailand (2003) Kuwait (2004) Morocco (2004) Pakistan (2004) Afghanistan (2012)

Other Facts Around 172, 196 US military personnel are deployed around the world. Basis for deployment or occupation are either 1. Mutual Defense Treaties 2. Multilateral Agreements like NATO 3. War on Terror 4. Counter terrorism efforts
6 7

http://avalon.law.yale.edu/20th_century/dip_cuba001.asp http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guant%C3%A1namo_Bay,_Cuba#US_Control_of_Guantanamo_Bay

5. Continuance of deployment since the WWII or the Cold War 6. Peace keeping missions 7. Embassy and consulate security TOP 5 countries with most number of US troops deployed 1. Japan 2. Germany 3. South Korea 4. Italy 5. United Kingdom